| identification and characterization of a ste20-like kinase in artemia and its role in the developmental regulation and resistance to environmental stress. | to adapt to extreme environments, the crustacean artemia has evolved two alternative reproductive pathways. during ovoviviparous (direct) development, nauplius larvae are produced. in contrast, artemia females release encysted diapause embryos (cysts) via the oviparous pathway. to date, the cellular mechanisms that regulate stress resistance of artemia remain largely unknown. ste20-like kinase (slk) participates in multiple biological processes, including stress responses, apoptosis, and cell cy ... | 2014 | 24637947 |
| helminth parasites of artemia franciscana (crustacea: branchiopoda) in the great salt lake, utah: first data from the native range of this invader of european wetlands. | the present study is the first survey on the role of artemia franciscana kellogg as intermediate host of helminth parasites in its native geographical range in north america (previous studies have recorded nine cestode and one nematode species from this host in its invasive habitats in the western mediterranean). samples of artemia franciscana were collected from four sites in the great salt lake (gsl), utah, across several months (june-september 2009). a. franciscana serves as intermediate host ... | 2015 | 26040582 |
| deubiquitinating enzyme bap1 is involved in the formation and maintenance of the diapause embryos of artemia. | the modification of proteins by ubiquitination and deubiquitination plays an important role in various cellular processes. brca1-associated protein-1 (bap1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme whose function in the control of the cell cycle requires both its deubiquitinating activity and nuclear localization. in the present study, a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase belonging to the bap1 family was identified and characterized from artemia parthenogenetica, a member of a family of brine shrimp that ... | 2012 | 22374320 |
| cestode parasitism in invasive and native brine shrimps (artemia spp.) as a possible factor promoting the rapid invasion of a. franciscana in the mediterranean region. | artemia franciscana is an invasive crustacean expanding its range in hypersaline wetlands in the mediterranean region and replacing native artemia parthenogenetica and artemia salina. native brine shrimps are known as intermediate hosts of cestodes; infected individuals exhibit changes in their behaviour and appearance, thus facilitating the parasite transmission to the avian hosts by predation. to assess whether invasive brine shrimps participate in the cestode life cycles to the same extent as ... | 2007 | 17712569 |
| effects of widely used pharmaceuticals and a detergent on oxidative stress biomarkers of the crustacean artemia parthenogenetica. | pharmaceuticals are continuously dispersed into the environment as a result of human and veterinary use, posing relevant environmental concerns. the present paper reports the acute toxic effects of three therapeutic agents (diazepam, clofibrate and clofibric acid) and a detergent, sodium dodecylsulphate (sds), to the hypersaline crustacean artemia parthenogenetica. this study specially focused on oxidative stress parameters, namely (1) total and selenium-dependent glutathione-peroxidase (gpx), ( ... | 2006 | 16112171 |
| evolutionary origin and phylogeography of the diploid obligate parthenogen artemia parthenogenetica (branchiopoda: anostraca). | understanding the evolutionary origin and the phylogeographic patterns of asexual taxa can shed light on the origin and maintenance of sexual reproduction. we assessed the geographic origin, genetic diversity, and phylogeographic history of obligate parthenogen diploid artemia parthenogenetica populations, a widespread halophilic crustacean. | 2010 | 20694140 |
| acute toxicity of widely used pharmaceuticals in aquatic species: gambusia holbrooki, artemia parthenogenetica and tetraselmis chuii. | pharmaceuticals are continuously dispersed into the environment as a result of human and veterinary use, posing relevant environmental concerns. this study evaluated the acute toxicity of three therapeutic agents (diazepam, clofibrate, and clofibric acid) and a detergent (sodium dodecyl sulfate; sds) in three aquatic species, namely the euryhaline fish gambusia holbrooki, the hypersaline crustacean artemia parthenogenetica, and the marine algae tetraselmis chuii. the ranking of 50% lethal concen ... | 2005 | 15922808 |
| [study of a dna sequence from brine shrimp artemia containing a novel dm domain]. | sex-determining mechanisms are highly variable between phyla. however, there is an apparent exception in which structurally and functionally related genes control sex determination in different phyla: the sexual regulators dsx of drosophila melanogaster and mab-3 of caenorhabditis elegans both containing a dna-binding motif, dm domain. proteins containing the domain may also play a role in sexual development of vertebrates. for examples, both the human dmrt1 (doublesex and mab-3 related transcri ... | 2004 | 15636371 |
| speciation in the artemia genus: mitochondrial dna analysis of bisexual and parthenogenetic brine shrimps. | from the cloned mitochondrial dnas (mtdnas) isolated from two bisexual species, one mediterranean, artemia salina, and one american, artemia franciscana, and two parthenogenetic (diploid and tetraploid) strains of artemia parthenogenetica collected in spain, physical maps have been constructed and compared. they are extremely different among themselves, much more than the differences between drosophila melanogaster and d. yakuba and in the same range of different mammalian species such as mouse/ ... | 1994 | 8169960 |
| sublethal zinc exposure has a detrimental effect on reproductive performance but not on the cyst hatching success of artemia parthenogenetica. | the sublethal zinc toxicity to artemia parthenogenetica as regards the possibility of colonization of zinc polluted salterns by means of cysts has been assessed by a cyst hatching assay and a life table approach. emergence and hatching at different times as well as the whole hatching profile were taken as end-points for evaluating success of development. demographic and reproductive parameters calculated according to the lotka equation were used as an indicator of the chronic toxicity of the pop ... | 2008 | 18420254 |
| acute toxicity of oxytetracycline and florfenicol to the microalgae tetraselmis chuii and to the crustacean artemia parthenogenetica. | aquaculture systems are a potentially significant source of antibacterial agents to the aquatic environment. the antibacterials oxytetracycline (otc) and florfenicol (flo) have been widely used in aquaculture. these pharmaceuticals may cause deleterious effects on wild aquatic organisms accidentally exposed to them. therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of otc and flo to the microalgae tetraselmis chuii and to the crustacean artemia parthenogenetica, using cul ... | 2007 | 17418415 |
| an improved brine shrimp larvae lethality microwell test method. | this article described an improved brine shrimp larvae lethality microwell test method. a simply designed connecting vessel with alternative photoperiod was used to culture and collect high yield of active artemia parthenogenetica nauplii for brine shrimp larvae lethality microwell test. using this method, pure a. parthenogenetica nauplii suspension was easily cultured and harvested with high density about 100-150 larvae per milliliter and the natural mortality was reduced to near zero by elimin ... | 2012 | 21859360 |
| molecular characterization of gap region in 28s rrna molecules in brine shrimp artemia parthenogenetica and planarian dugesia japonica. | in most insects and some other protostomes, a small stretch of nucleotides can be removed from mature 28s rrna molecules, which could create two 28s rrna subunits (28sα and 28sβ). thus, during electrophoresis, the rrna profiles of these organisms may differ significantly from the standard benchmark since the two subunits co-migrate with the 18s rrna. to understand the structure and mechanism of the atypical 28s rrna molecule, partial fragments of 28sα and 28sβ in brine shrimp artemia parthenogen ... | 2012 | 22809161 |
| chitin-binding proteins of artemia diapause cysts participate in formation of the embryonic cuticle layer of cyst shells. | the brine shrimp artemia reproduces either ovoviviparously, producing free-swimming nauplii, or oviparously, producing encysted embryos (diapause cysts) able to cope with harsh and complex habitats. when the cysts enter diapause they are encased in a complex external shell that protects them from certain extreme environments. the genomic comparison of oviparous and ovoviviparous ovisacs has been described previously. we isolated three significantly up-regulated genes in oviparous oocytes and ide ... | 2013 | 23013449 |
| cestodes change the isotopic signature of brine shrimp, artemia, hosts: implications for aquatic food webs. | to reach the final host (greater flamingos), the cestode flamingolepis liguloides alters the behaviour of its intermediate host, the brine shrimp, artemia parthenogenetica, causing it to spend more time close to the water surface. during summer 2010, we showed that the prevalence of this cestode was consistently higher at the top of the water column in the odiel salt pans in south-western spain. we used stable nitrogen (n) and carbon (c) isotopic analysis to test the hypothesis that cestodes als ... | 2013 | 23220358 |
| why join groups? lessons from parasite-manipulated artemia. | grouping behaviours (e.g. schooling, shoaling and swarming) are commonly explicated through adaptive hypotheses such as protection against predation, access to mates or improved foraging. however, the hypothesis that aggregation can result from manipulation by parasites to increase their transmission has never been demonstrated. we investigated this hypothesis using natural populations of two crustacean hosts (artemia franciscana and artemia parthenogenetica) infected with one cestode and two mi ... | 2013 | 23351125 |
| differential responses of sexual and asexual artemia to genotoxicity by a reference mutagen: is the comet assay a reliable predictor of population level responses? | the impact of chronic genotoxicity to natural populations is always questioned due to their reproductive surplus. we used a comet assay to quantify primary dna damage after exposure to a reference mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate in two species of crustacean with different reproductive strategies (sexual artemia franciscana and asexual artemia parthenogenetica). we then assessed whether this predicted individual performance and population growth rate over three generations. artemia were exposed t ... | 2013 | 23414719 |
| high prevalence of cestodes in artemia spp. throughout the annual cycle: relationship with abundance of avian final hosts. | brine shrimp, artemia spp., act as intermediate hosts for a range of cestode species that use waterbirds as their final hosts. these parasites can have marked influences on shrimp behavior and fecundity, generating the potential for cascading effects in hypersaline food webs. we present the first comprehensive study of the temporal dynamics of cestode parasites in natural populations of brine shrimp throughout the annual cycle. over a 12-month period, clonal artemia parthenogenetica were sampled ... | 2013 | 23463137 |
| cytological, molecular and life cycle characterization of anostracospora rigaudi n. g., n. sp. and enterocytospora artemiae n. g., n. sp., two new microsporidian parasites infecting gut tissues of the brine shrimp artemia. | two new microsporidia, anostracospora rigaudi n. g., n. sp., and enterocytospora artemiae n. g., n. sp. infecting the intestinal epithelium of artemia parthenogenetica bowen and sterling, 1978 and artemia franciscana kellogg, 1906 in southern france are described. molecular analyses revealed the two species belong to a clade of microsporidian parasites that preferentially infect the intestinal epithelium of insect and crustacean hosts. these parasites are morphologically distinguishable from oth ... | 2013 | 23731593 |
| cryptic microsporidian parasites differentially affect invasive and native artemia spp. | we investigated the host specificity of two cryptic microsporidian species (anostracospora rigaudi and enterocytospora artemiae) infecting invasive (artemia franciscana) and native (artemia parthenogenetica) hosts in sympatry. anostracospora rigaudi was on average four times more prevalent in the native host, whereas e. artemiae was three times more prevalent in the invasive host. infection with an. rigaudi strongly reduced female reproduction in both host species, whereas infection with e. arte ... | 2013 | 23851079 |
| effects of genotoxicity and its consequences at the population level in sexual and asexual artemia assessed by analysis of inter-simple sequence repeats (issr). | there is considerable evidence that genetic damage in organisms occurs in the environment as a result of exposure to genotoxins and ionising radiation, but we have limited understanding of the extent to which this results in adverse consequences at a population level. we used inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) markers to quantify genotoxic effects of the mutagen ethylmethane sulfonate (ems) on a sexual (artemia franciscana) and an asexual (artemia parthenogenetica) species of brine shrimp. the ... | 2013 | 23872504 |
| regulation of trehalase expression inhibits apoptosis in diapause cysts of artemia. | trehalase, which specifically hydrolyses trehalose into glucose, plays an important role in the metabolism of trehalose. large amounts of trehalose are stored in the diapause encysted embryos (cysts) of artemia, which are not only vital to their extraordinary stress resistance, but also provide a source of energy for development after diapause is terminated. in the present study, a mechanism for the transcriptional regulation of trehalase was described in artemia parthenogenetica. a trehalase-as ... | 2013 | 24063546 |
| multigenerational demographic responses of sexual and asexual artemia to chronic genotoxicity by a reference mutagen. | genotoxins are capable of multigenerational impacts on natural populations via dna damage and mutations. sexual reproduction is assumed to reduce the long term consequences of genotoxicity for individual fitness and should therefore reduce population level effects. however, rather few empirical studies have quantified the magnitude of this effect. we tried to analyse the multigenerational demographic responses of sexual artemia franciscana and asexual artemia parthenogenetica due to chronic geno ... | 2013 | 24141038 |
| a comparative toxicity study between an autochthonous artemia and a non native invasive species. | acute heavy metal toxicity was compared in nauplii of an autochthonous artemia parthenogenetica (branchiopoda, anostraca) from saline di cervia (ravenna, italy) and of a non native commercially available a. franciscana. no significant difference in sensitivity was detected between two species. | 2014 | 24825725 |
| automixis in artemia: solving a century-old controversy. | parthenogenesis (reproduction through unfertilized eggs) encompasses a variety of reproduction modes with (automixis) or without (apomixis) meiosis. different modes of automixis have very different genetic and evolutionary consequences but can be particularly difficult to tease apart. in this study, we propose a new method to discriminate different types of automixis from population-level genetic data. we apply this method to diploid artemia parthenogenetica, a crustacean whose reproductive mode ... | 2015 | 26356354 |
| may arsenic pollution contribute to limiting artemia franciscana invasion in southern spain? | limited information exists regarding the complex interactions between biological invasions, pollution, and climate change. most studies indicate that pollution tends to favor invasive species. here, we provide evidence that arsenic (as) pollution may have a role in limiting the invasion of the exotic brine shrimp artemia franciscana. we tested as toxicity in natural populations of artemia parthenogenetica (a native taxon) and a. franciscana from localities in southern spain with differing degree ... | 2016 | 26925327 |
| the transcription factor p8 regulates autophagy during diapause embryo formation in artemia parthenogenetica. | autophagy is an essential homeostatic process by which cytoplasmic components, including macromolecules and organelles, are degraded by lysosome. increasing evidence suggests that phosphorylated amp-activated protein kinase (p-ampk) and target of rapamycin (tor) play key roles in the regulation of autophagy. however, the regulation of autophagy in quiescent cells remains unclear, despite the fact that autophagy is known to be critical for normal development, regeneration, and degenerative diseas ... | 2016 | 27125785 |
| maladaptive sex ratio adjustment in the invasive brine shrimp artemia franciscana. | sex allocation theory is often hailed as the most successful area of evolutionary theory due to its striking success as a predictor of empirical observations [1]. most naturally occurring sex ratios can be explained by the principle of equal investment in the sexes [2-4] or by cases of "extraordinary" sex allocation [5]. deviations from the expected sex ratio are often correlated with weak selection or low environmental predictability (e.g., [6, 7]); true cases of aberrant sex allocation are sur ... | 2016 | 27185556 |
| functional role of native and invasive filter-feeders, and the effect of parasites: learning from hypersaline ecosystems. | filter-feeding organisms are often keystone species with a major influence on the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. studies of filtering rates in such taxa are therefore vital in order to understand ecosystem functioning and the impact of natural and anthropogenic stressors such as parasites, climate warming and invasive species. brine shrimps artemia spp. are the dominant grazers in hypersaline systems and are a good example of such keystone taxa. hypersaline ecosystems are relatively simplified ... | 2016 | 27560978 |
| shell-bound iron dependant nitric oxide synthesis in encysted artemia parthenogenetica embryos during hydrogen peroxide exposure. | artemia is a tiny marine crustacean, serves as an excellent tool in both basic and applied aspects of stress biology research. in the current manuscript, we report that artemia parthenogenetica embryos (cysts), in diapause stage, undergo iron transition changes when exposed to chemical diapause deactivation stimulus (hydrogen peroxide). x-ray surface analysis of a. parthenogenetica embryos exposed to h(2)o(2) showed significant transitional changes in iron, as seen in cyst cross-sections. electr ... | 2011 | 21604169 |
| characterization and processing of superoxide dismutase-fused vitellogenin in the diapause embryo formation: a special developmental pathway in the brine shrimp, artemia parthenogenetica. | to withstand environmental stress, artemia release diapause cysts via an oviparous pathway instead of producing swimming nauplius larvae by the ovoviviparous pathway. encased in such a cyst, the embryos at diapause can survive for many years. vitellogenin (vtg), the precursor of vitellins, the main yolk proteins, is crucial for embryonic development. this study compares vitellogenesis between oviparity and ovoviviparity, the two reproductive modes occurring in a. parthenogenetica. a vtg gene was ... | 2011 | 21415137 |
| participation of metanauplii and juvenile individuals of artemia parthenogenetica (branchiopoda) in the circulation of avian cestodes. | adult crustaceans of the genus artemia (brine shrimps) are intermediate hosts in the life cycle of cestode species parasitic in aquatic birds as their definitive hosts. however, there are no data on the role of larval and juvenile brine shrimps in the transmission of avian helminth parasites. in order to examine the possible role of early developmental stages (nauplii, metanauplii and juveniles) of artemia for the circulation of avian cestodes, the natural cestode infection in the population of ... | 2011 | 20981443 |
| determination in oocytes of the reproductive modes for the brine shrimp artemia parthenogenetica. | the brine shrimp, artemia, reproduces either oviparously, producing encysted embryos (diapause cysts), or ovoviviparously, producing free-swimming nauplii. environmental factors, such as photoperiod, have been applied to control the reproduction mode of artemia, but when the determination of a reproductive mode occurs remains unknown. we analysed the differential gene expression between oocytes from oviparous and ovoviviparous artemia reared under different photoperiods. a total of 692 qualified ... | 2011 | 20353401 |
| formation of diapause cyst shell in brine shrimp, artemia parthenogenetica, and its resistance role in environmental stresses. | artemia has attracted much attention for its ability to produce encysted embryos wrapped in a protective shell when subject to extremely harsh environmental conditions. however, what the cyst shell is synthesized from and how the formative process is performed remains, as yet, largely unknown. over 20 oviparous specifically expressed genes were identified through screening the subtracted cdna library enriched between oviparous and ovoviviparous artemia ovisacs. among them, a shell gland-specific ... | 2009 | 19395704 |
| structural changes of artemia parthenogenetica (bowen and sterling, 1978) (branchiopoda-anostraca) exposed to lead acetate. | the cosmopolitan genus artemia occurs both in saline or hypersaline waters and artemia species are sensitive indicator organisms for environmental contamination. scientists propose that the brine shrimp (artemia) is a very suitable candidate for the development of identifying chemicals with adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems. in the present study, we investigated 24h the short-term toxicity of lead acetate on artemia parthenogenetica by using electron microscopy techniques. the ultrastructura ... | 2008 | 18951946 |
| further characterization of the cathepsin l-associated protein and its gene in two species of the brine shrimp, artemia. | the major cysteine protease in embryos and larvae of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana is a heterodimer composed of a cathepsin l-like polypeptide of 28.5 kda and a 31.5 kda polypeptide called the cathepsin l-associated protein or clap. in a previous study, clap was shown to be a cell adhesion protein containing two fas i domains and two gtp/atp binding sites known as walker a and b motifs. here, we have characterized clap and its genes to better understand the role of this protein in artemia ... | 2006 | 16962350 |
| red and transparent brine shrimps (artemia parthenogenetica): a comparative study of their cestode infections. | although the red colour of brine shrimps has previously been supposed to be associated with cestode parasitism, no evidence has been provided that red and transparent brine shrimps differ in their role for cestode circulation. we compared the cestode infections in 100 red and 100 transparent artemia parthenogenetica collected from the odiel salt pans in spain. seven cestode species were recorded in red, and only four of them were recorded in transparent brine shrimps. the red brine shrimps were ... | 2006 | 16832701 |
| developmental and reproductive effects of low cadmium concentration on artemia parthenogenetica. | hatching, reproductive, and lifespan characteristics of an artemia parthenogenetica population from la mata (alicante, spain) exposed to cadmium were studied. no effects on percentage of cyst hatched nor time of hatching were observed on cysts exposed from 0.01 to 5 mg cd/l. cohorts of artemia were chronically exposed to cadmium in life-table experiments to test whether ecologically relevant impacts may occur after several generations of exposure to a very low concentration of cadmium. chronic t ... | 2003 | 12774909 |
| characterisation of cholinesterases and evaluation of the inhibitory potential of chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos to artemia salina and artemia parthenogenetica. | in this study, the acute toxicity of the organophosphorous pesticides dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos to two different species of artemia (a. salina and a. parthenogenetica) was evaluated. in addition, the in vivo effect of these two pesticides on cholinesterase (che) activity of both a. salina and a. parthenogenetica was also determined. the characterisation of the che, using different substrates and specific inhibitors, and the normal range of activity in non-exposed individuals were previously in ... | 2002 | 12143930 |
| comparing the acute response to cadmium toxicity of nauplii from different populations of artemia. | the lethal responses to cadmium of instar ii nauplii from eight populations of artemia belonging to the species artemia franciscana, artemia salina, artemia persimilis, and artemia parthenogenetica have been compared. generalized linear models were used to fit mortality. the model indicates that there is a relationship between species, type of population, and mortality rate. the two populations of a. franciscana were the most sensitive to cadmium toxicity (median lethal concentration, lc50, of 9 ... | 2002 | 11833813 |
| toxicity and bioconcentration of chlorpyrifos in aquatic organisms: artemia parthenogenetica(crustacea), gambusia affinis, and aphanius iberus (pisces). | | 2000 | 11014847 |
| high dna sequence variability at the alpha 1 na/k-atpase locus of artemia franciscana (brine shrimp): polymorphism in a gene for salt-resistance in a salt-resistant organism. | we previously reported that the na/k-atpase alpha 1 subunit coding gene showed signs of being a very polymorphic locus in artemia franciscana. this species is adapted to highly saline waters, and the na/k-atpase alpha 1 isoform presumably plays a key role in this adaptation. therefore, we were interested in further study of the alpha 1 na/k-atpase polymorphisms to examine whether they might be due to an adaptation to salt resistance driven by natural selection. using coding sequences from 10 gen ... | 2000 | 10677846 |
| variations in the activity of some metabolic enzymes during development of artemia parthenogenetica (crustacea: anostraca). | metabolic activity of the cysts as well as other developmental stages of artemia parthenogenetica was determined by studying various key metabolic enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and malate dehydrogenase (mdh). the electrophoretic studies on ldh show the existence of a single fraction uniformly in all the developmental stages of a. parthenogenetica. electrophoretic patterns of mdh during the same stages show variations in isozymic fractions as development proceeds towards adults. enz ... | 2016 | 7519455 |
| life history divergence of sympatric diploid and polyploid populations of brine shrimp artemia parthenogenetica. | in order to study how polyploidy affects life history patterns in animals, we have examined sympatric diploid and polyploid brine shrimp (artemia parthenogenetica) from china, italy and spain under laboratory conditions. at optimal temperature and salinity (25°c and 90 ppt), diploids from the three populations had much higher intrinsic rates of increase, higher fecundity, faster developmental rates, and larger brood sizes than their sympatric polyploids. the chinese and italian populations were ... | 1993 | 28313604 |
| low recombination rates in sexual species and sex-asex transitions. | in most sexual, diploid eukaryotes, at least one crossover occurs between each pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, presumably in order to ensure proper segregation. well-known exceptions to this rule are species in which one sex does not recombine and specific chromosomes lacking crossover. we review other possible exceptions, including species with chromosome maps of less than 50 cm in one or both sexes. we discuss the idea that low recombination rates may favour sex-asex transitions ... | 2017 | 29109224 |
| avian cestodes affect the behaviour of their intermediate host artemia parthenogenetica: an experimental study. | the brine shrimp artemia parthenogenetica (crustacea, branchiopoda) is intermediate host for several cestode species whose final hosts are waterbirds. previous field studies have shown that brine shrimps infected with cestodes have a bright red colour and are spatially segregated in the water column. however, the ethological mechanisms explaining such field observations are unknown. changes in appearance and behaviour induced by trophically transmitted parasites have been shown to increase the r ... | 2007 | 17156940 |
| predator-prey interactions between native brine shrimp artemia parthenogenetica and the alien boatman trichocorixa verticalis: influence of salinity, predator sex, and size, abundance and parasitic status of prey. | trichocorixa verticalis (t. verticalis), native to north america and the caribbean islands, is an invasive waterboatman species (corixidae) in the southwest of the iberian peninsula. previous studies in the native range have suggested that predation by t. verticalis can regulate the abundance of anostracan and cladoceran zooplankton in saline ecosystems, causing increases in phytoplankton through a trophic cascade. in this experimental study, we tested the predator-prey relationship between the ... | 2017 | 28713654 |