| mussel-associated viral hepatitis, type a: serological confirmation. | 7 members of a family of 14 developed acute viral hepatitis approximately one month after a family outing. epidemiological investigation incriminated incompletely cooked mussels (mytilus edulis) as the vehicle of infection and revealed a statistically significant difference in attack-rates between mussel-ingesters (70%) and non-ingesters (0%) (p=0-035). the aetiological role of hepatitis-a virus, suspected on epidemiological grounds, was serologically confirmed by the demonstration of rises in t ... | 1976 | 55839 |
| [index of contamination of fecal origin in mussels (mytilus edulis) without purification of the ria de arosa]. | | 1977 | 97772 |
| extraction and functional reformation of thick filaments in chemically skinned molluscan catch muscle fibers. | a method for the almost complete extraction of myosin from smooth muscle fibers of the anterior byssal retractor muscle (abrm) of mytilus edulis was developed, and functional reformation of thick filaments in the fibers was achieved. complete removal of myosin from the glycerol-extracted abrm fibers with a solution containing 600 mm kcl, 5 mm mgcl2, and 5 mm atp was difficult. however, successive treatments of the abrm fibers with glycerol and saponin made the plasma membrane permeable to mg-atp ... | 1979 | 422545 |
| [experimental study of vibrio parahaemolyticus (biotype 2) transfer from water and sediments to benthic marine food chain organisms]. | transfer of vibrio parahaemolyticus (biotype 2) from sediments to water and from water to benthic marine organisms was studied experimentally using a streptomycin-resistant strain. transmission by trophic pathways was also studied using reconstituted marine food chains (mytilus edulis, nereis diversicolor, carcinus maenas, scorpaena porcus, mus musculus). water colonization by sediments could be observed only at temperatures above 16 degrees c. sediments could well constitute a disseminating res ... | 1979 | 487292 |
| determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and mussels from saudafjord, w. norway, by glass capillary gas chromatography. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) have been determined, by glass capillary gas chromatography, in two species of bivalves (mytilus edulis and modiolus modiolus) and sediments of saudafjorden, norway. the pah observed are derived from waste effluents from a ferro alloy smelter. up to 34 pah compounds were identified, including some reported to be carcinogenic. the concentrations decreased rapidly with distance from the source and with sediment depth, but could be traced more than 15 km from ... | 1979 | 493957 |
| preparation and properties of mitochondria from tissues of the sea mussel mytilus edulis l. | | 1978 | 648703 |
| seasonal variations in the nutritive value of the mussel protein (mytilus edulis). | | 1977 | 905316 |
| larval development of the northern horse mussel, modiolus modiolus (l.), including a comparison with the larvae of mytilus edulis l. as an aid in planktonic identification. | | 1976 | 953069 |
| n the mechanism of inhibitory action of vibrations as studied in a molluscan catch muscle and in vertebrate vascular smooth muscle. | in previous studies longitudinal vibrations have been found to reduce active force development in smooth muscle, possibly due to a direct action on the contractile mechanism. in the present experiments the inhibitory effect of vibrations on isometric tension was studied in isolated preparations of the rat portal vein, the rabbit thoracic aorta and the anterior byssus retractor muscle (abrm) of the mytilus edulis. the results demonstrate that vibrations of appropriate frequency and amplitude caus ... | 1975 | 1211198 |
| population differences of aspartate aminotransferase and peptidase in the bay mussel mytilus edulis. | this investigation has demonstrated considerable heterogeneity among populations and some heterogeneity within populations in the distribution of alleles at two variant loci of mytilus edulis. although the causes of this variation remain obscure, some speculations have been made on the basis of available data. a cline for aspartate aminotransferase (aat) alleles has been observed on the pacific coast. an immigration model has been proposed to explain the atypical ecological and genetic character ... | 1975 | 1217757 |
| [growth factor from the tissues of the marine mollusk mytilus edulis]. | the absence of specific stimulators of cell proliferation, i.e. of growth factors, is one of the causes of failure in long-term cultivation of the marine invertebrate cells. in search for such stimulators in tissues of marine invertebrates, we succeeded in discovering in some tissues a stimulator of cell proliferation, similar to egf, with a comparatively high content of it in tissues of mytilus edulis. the similarity of the obtained factor with egf was shown by the substitution of 125i-egf, con ... | 1992 | 1293874 |
| immunosuppressive effects of corticotropin and melanotropin and their possible significance in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the activation of human granulocytes and invertebrate immunocytes was found to be suppressed by corticotropin (acth) and melanotropin (msh). in spontaneously active granulocytes both neuropeptides caused significant conformational changes indicative of inactivity plus a reduction in their locomotion. significant inactivation of human granulocytes by acth required 2 hr, that by msh only 20 min. the addition to the incubation medium of phosphoramidon, a specific inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase ... | 1992 | 1309958 |
| [d-ala2]deltorphin i binding and pharmacological evidence for a special subtype of delta opioid receptor on human and invertebrate immune cells. | the effects of the opioid neuropeptide [d-ala2]deltorphin i, isolated from amphibian skin, on immunoregulatory activities were studied in representatives of vertebrates and invertebrates. the high potency of this compound parallels that of [met]enkephalin, which was previously demonstrated in vertebrate plasma and invertebrate hemolymph. the addition of [d-ala2]deltorphin i at 10(-11) m to human granulocytes or immunocytes of the mollusc mytilus edulis resulted in cellular adherence and conforma ... | 1992 | 1329092 |
| the occurrence and in vitro effects of molecules potentially active in the control of growth in the marine mussel mytilus edulis l. | a molecular with a molecular weight, estimated by gel filtration, of approximately 22 kda and immunoreactive to anti-human hypophysial growth hormone (hgh) has been identified by radioimmunoassay in the digestive gland and hemolymph of the mussel mytilus edulis l. the dilution curve of this molecule was parallel to that of hgh, suggesting that the antigenic site of the mytilus molecule is similar to that of hgh. immunoreactive fractions resulting from gel filtration failed to stimulate protein s ... | 1992 | 1356879 |
| protein-based medical adhesives. | there are many naturally occurring adhesive proteins which have potential for application in medicine and dentistry. cloning and expression of their genes enables the modes of action of these proteins to be better understood and increases their availability for practical applications. this article concentrates on the adhesive protein from the blue mussel mytilus edulis but also describes medical adhesives based on fibrin isolated from human blood. | 1990 | 1366498 |
| structural and functional repetition in a marine mussel adhesive protein. | the dopa-rich polyphenolic protein secreted by the marine mussel mytilus edulis establishes key chemical linkages in a water-resistant adhesive. molecular cloning of the gene for this remarkable protein reveals its primary structure as one of the most repetitive proteins identified in the animal kingdom. expression and purification of polyphenolic proteins from recombinant yeast have provided sufficient material to demonstrate adhesivity of these polypeptides in the laboratory. adhesive tests re ... | 1990 | 1367451 |
| lead-210 and polonium-210 concentrations in some species of marine molluscs. | data are presented for 210pb and 210po concentrations in three species of molluscs collected in the intertidal region of the coast of rio de janeiro, brazil. lead-210 activity in the soft tissue of the edible mussel perna perna was 20 times higher than that found in its shell. the visceral mass contained the largest activity for both radionuclides, which is attributed to the feeding habits of the molluscs. animals collected from ponta negra beach (open sea) showed higher concentrations of isotop ... | 1992 | 1566047 |
| evidence for the conservation of an immunoreactive monokine network in invertebrates. | mytilus edulis, a marine bivalve mollusc, contains hemocytes that share certain properties with cells of the human monocyte-macrophage lineage. because of this and previously reported similar responses to opioids between mytilus hemocytes and human granulocytes, we determined whether mytilus might also possess monokines or an immune monokine-like network. we chose to study two monokines, interleukin-1 (il-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf). we found that mytilus hemocytes respond to recomb ... | 1992 | 1605500 |
| phosphofructokinase from mollusc muscle is activated by phosphorylation. | phosphofructokinase was purified from muscle tissue of two different molluscs, edible snails, helix pomatia (gastropoda), and mussels, mytilus edulis (bivalvia). under denaturing conditions, both enzymes had a molecular mass of 82 kda. in the presence of atp-mg2+, the enzymes were rapidly phosphorylated in vitro by the catalytic subunit of cyclic amp (camp)-dependent protein kinase purified from snail muscle and also by the c subunit of protein kinase from bovine heart. the extent of phosphoryla ... | 1991 | 1654810 |
| occurrence of faecal bacteria, salmonella and antigens associated with hepatitis a virus in shellfish. | an investigation was carried out over a one year period to examine jointly the occurrence of faecal bacteria, salmonella and the presence of antigens associated with the hepatitis a virus (hav) in oysters (crassostrea gigas), mussels (mytilus edulis, mytilus galloprovincialis) and cockles (cerastoderma edule), taken from 8 shellfish farming areas or natural beds along the french coast. for the faecal coliforms (fc) and faecal streptococci (fs), statistical analysis of the 176 samples examined sh ... | 1991 | 1663750 |
| investigations of phagocytosis concerning the immunological defence mechanism of mytilus edulis using a sublethal luminescent bacterial assay (photobacterium phosphoreum). | 1. a simple method for the determination of phagocytosis activity using mussel hemocytes by measuring the bioluminescence is presented. 2. the immunological defence activity based on phagocytosis is measured and quantified by a luminescent bacterial assay with photobacterium phosphoreum. 3. the measuring system allows us to establish the stress of the immunological defence mechanism of organisms exposed to chemicals and polluted rivers or sewage. results with reference substances and the phagocy ... | 1991 | 1677842 |
| response to stress of mussels (mytilus edulis) exposed in dutch tidal waters. | 1. mussels were exposed in the dutch coastal zone and the western scheldt estuary. after six weeks of exposure, trace metals, pcbs and pahs were measured in the soft tissue. 2. tissue concentrations of contaminants are high in the western scheldt and intermediate near the rhine outflow, except for the lower pcb congeners. 3. results show that the survival in air is significantly lower at higher tissue concentrations, in particular of the lower pcb congeners. 4. the clearance rate is reduced at t ... | 1991 | 1677855 |
| downregulation of enkephalin-mediated inflammatory responses by cd10/neutral endopeptidase 24.11. | the antigen cd10 (common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen), which is the zinc metalloprotease, neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (also known as nep or 'enkephalinase'), is expressed by acute lymphoblastic leukaemias, normal lymphoid progenitors, mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes and certain nonhaematopoietic cells. cd10/nep hydrolyses several naturally occurring peptides, including the endogenous opioid pentapeptides met- and leu-enkephalin. in invertebrate organisms such as the mollusc mytilus ... | 1990 | 1699130 |
| paramyosin inhibits complement c1. | we report here the results of studies showing that inhibition of c is a property of several invertebrate paramyosins. paramyosins from taenia solium, schistosoma mansoni, and the mussel mytilus edulis bind polymeric collagen and can be isolated from crude extracts of tissues by collagen affinity. these paramyosins inhibit c1 function whether the c1 is isolated or present in c2-deficient serum. because t. solium paramyosin was the best inhibitor, we concentrated further studies on this molecule. ... | 1992 | 1727860 |
| diversity of shellfish toxins of "diarrhetic" type revealed by biological and chemical assays. | extracts of "diarrhetic" shellfish toxins from the edible mussel (mytilus edulis) were tested with biological and chemical assays to determine toxin content. when tested with the standard mouse bioassay, a higher toxicity was detected in most samples compared to that revealed from detection of the diarrhea-causing substances okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1 by high-performance liquid chromatography. routine extraction of toxins for the two assays was carried out with two different solvents, ac ... | 1991 | 1856877 |
| removal of faecal indicator bacteria and bacteriophages from the common mussel (mytilus edulis) under artificial depuration conditions. | artificial self-purification (depuration) of mussels (mytilus deulis) was undertaken at three temperatures, under conditions similar to those likely to be experienced in the commercial shellfish industry of the uk. during a 72 h depuration period, samples of mussel flesh were examined for three faecal indicator bacteria, escherichia coli, group d faecal streptococci and sulphite-reducing clostridium spores, and two types of bacteriophage. there was a statistically significant difference in the e ... | 1991 | 1938674 |
| opioid induction of immunoreactive interleukin-1 in mytilus edulis and human immunocytes: an interleukin-1-like substance in invertebrate neural tissue. | the synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin, [d-ala2-met5]-enkephalin, when administered in vitro to mytilus edulis ganglia and hemocytes and human peripheral blood lymphocytes, induces the formation of an immunoreactive interleukin-1-like molecule. additionally, immunoreactive interleukin-1 (il-1) activity has been found in mytilus nervous tissue. the stimulatory actions of the extracted immunoreactive il-1 on mytilus hemocytes can be antagonized by an il-1 antibody demonstrating the specific ... | 1991 | 2002089 |
| lps stimulated invertebrate hemocytes: a role for immunoreactive tnf and il-1. | mytilus edulis hemocytes have similarities with vertebrate monocyte/macrophages. we have recently shown that they respond to human tnf and il-1. we tested the possibility that mytilus hemocytes produce similar substances in response to lps. we show that mytilus hemocytes respond to lps in a fashion similar to vertebrate monocytes and macrophages and that these responses are inhibited by antibodies to tnf and/or il-1. these findings are demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. | 1991 | 2060681 |
| hydrolytic enzymes associated with the granular haemocytes of the marine mussel mytilus edulis. | the ultrastructural localization of a range of hydrolytic enzymes has been investigated in the granular haemocytes of the marine mussel mytilus edulis. arylsulphatase activity and immunocytochemical localization of beta-glucuronidase and elastase were demonstrated within the large granules of the haemocytes. lysozyme and cathepsin b were both localized within all sizes of granule, however, at high dilutions the primary antibody against lysozyme was also restricted to the large granules. the labe ... | 1990 | 2074209 |
| tissue distribution of a coliphage and escherichia coli in mussels after contamination and depuration. | experiments were undertaken to determine the tissue distribution of escherichia coli and a coliphage after contamination of the common mussel (mytilus edulis). mussels were contaminated with high levels of feces-associated e. coli and a 22-nm icosahedral coliphage over a 2-day period in a flowing-seawater facility. after contamination, individual tissues were carefully dissected and assayed for e. coli and the coliphage. contaminated mussels were also analyzed to determine the tissue distributio ... | 1990 | 2180372 |
| ciliary activity under normal conditions and under viscous load. | ciliary metachronism and motility were examined optically in muco-ciliary tissue cultures from three different systems: a) frog's palate epithelium, b) frog's oesophagus, and c) human nasal polyps. in addition, lateral cilia of mytilus edulis (water transporting cilia) were examined. it was revealed that the degree of synchronization between muco-ciliary systems is lower than that of water transporting cilia. there are no significant differences between different muco-ciliary systems, within the ... | 1990 | 2261520 |
| experimental oral toxicity of domoic acid in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) and rats. preliminary investigations. | a recent outbreak of marine food poisoning in humans was attributed to the consumption of blue mussels (mytilus edulis l.) contaminated with domoic acid (da) that was produced by the diatom nitzschia pungens. the clinical and morphological effects of single oral doses of extracts of mussels contaminated with da or of da isolated from toxic mussels were investigated in small groups (one to six) of cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis; 0.5-10 mg da/kg body weight) and of sprague-dawley rats (60 ... | 1990 | 2276699 |
| interaction of immunoactive monokines (interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor) in the bivalve mollusc mytilus edulis. | mytilus edulis has been the subject of recent studies to determine whether the relationship between the immune and neuroendocrine systems seen in vertebrates also exists in invertebrates. the effects of mammalian monokines were studied in mytilus immunocytes previously shown to produce and react to opioid peptides. these invertebrate cells respond to interleukin 1 (il-1) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf), both in vitro and in vivo, in a manner similar to that of human granulocytes. as in the mamma ... | 1990 | 2352927 |
| interactions between different strains of vibrio alginolyticus and hemolymph fractions from adult mytilus edulis. | the juvenile-bivalve pathogen vibrio alginolyticus ncmb 1339 was toxic, in vitro, to hemocytes from adult mytilus edulis. toxicity was mediated by both washed bacterial cells and culture supernates. washed cells of an environmental isolate of v. alginolyticus, strain ps-1, were 2.5 times less toxic to mytilus hemocytes, but this strain did produce a lethal extracellular factor(s) in broth culture, albeit at lower levels than v. alginolyticus ncmb 1339. hemolymph fractions from mytilus exerted a ... | 1990 | 2376663 |
| relationship between domoic acid levels in the blue mussel (mytilus edulis) and toxicity in mice. | monitoring of eastern blue mussels (mytilus edulis), contaminated with domoic acid, involved mouse bioassays and quantitative analysis using hplc. mice undergo a typical scratching syndrome at sublethal as well as lethal doses of domoic acid. the onset of scratching behaviour and time of death in mice were inversely related to the dosage of domoic acid. an ld50 (i.p.) of 3.6 mg domoic acid/kg mouse was calculated. toxic mussels held in tanks and flushed with uncontaminated sea water showed a dec ... | 1990 | 2389251 |
| intravitreal biocompatibility of mussel adhesive protein. a preliminary study. | mussel adhesive protein (map) is a new tissue adhesive derived from the sea mussel mytilus edulis. rabbit eyes were injected intravitreally with 1 mg of map or balanced salt solution in order to determine the intraocular effects of this new biologic tissue adhesive. two concentrations of map were used: one was undiluted and the other was diluted to a concentration of 1:10. a marked cellular inflammatory response, compared with the control eyes, was seen clinically in the vitreous cavity of anima ... | 1990 | 2402556 |
| preliminary evaluation of the use of mussel adhesive protein in experimental epikeratoplasty. | we have used a preliminary formulation of a bioadhesive in an experimental model of epikeratoplasty in rabbits. the adhesive, termed mussel adhesive protein (map), is a repeating decapeptide polymer that is the natural adhesive substance produced by the common blue mussel (mytilus edulis) and is used here in conjunction with an enzymatic cross-linking agent. this study marked the first in vivo use of this material in adhering ophthalmic tissue planes. we used a simplified epikeratoplasty techniq ... | 1988 | 2455496 |
| stimulatory effects of opioid neuropeptides on locomotory activity and conformational changes in invertebrate and human immunocytes: evidence for a subtype of delta receptor. | the presence of opioid neuropeptides was shown to stimulate conformational changes and locomotory activity in immunocytes of two representatives of invertebrates as well as in human leukocytes. cells were examined by use of phase-contrast and nomarski optics coupled with a zeiss axiophot microscope, and of the zeiss videoplan/vidas image analysis system. immunocompetent blood cells, activated by exogenous opioids or stressful stimuli presumed to engage endogenous opioids, showed flattening, elon ... | 1989 | 2548205 |
| differential depuration of poliovirus, escherichia coli, and a coliphage by the common mussel, mytilus edulis. | the elimination of sewage effluent-associated poliovirus, escherichia coli, and a 22-nm icosahedral coliphage by the common mussel, mytilus edulis, was studied. both laboratory-and commercial-scale recirculating, uv depuration systems were used in this study. in the laboratory system, the logarithms of the poliovirus, e. coli, and coliphage levels were reduced by 1.86, 2.9, and 2.16, respectively, within 52 h of depuration. the relative patterns and rates of elimination of the three organisms su ... | 1989 | 2548445 |
| a method for the enumeration of poliovirus in selected molluscan shellfish. | a virus extraction procedure was developed and evaluated on five commercially important molluscan shellfish species: crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster), mya arenaria (softshell clam), mytilus edulis (blue mussel), mercenaria mercenaria (hardshell clam), and crassostrea gigas, (pacific oyster). shellfish tissue homogenates were spiked with poliovirus, extracted, and plaque assayed. mean virus recoveries were: c. virginica, 63.8%; m. arenaria, 42.1%; m. edulis, 67.3%; m. mercenaria, 48.3%; and ... | 1989 | 2559103 |
| patterns of experimental contamination by protogonyaulax tamarensis in some french commercial shellfish. | as a result of the proliferation of toxic marine dinoflagellates along european coasts and the recent discovery of paralytic poisons in french shellfish, experimental studies were conducted on four species of shellfish from the brittany coasts. contamination rates of a culture of toxic protogonyaulax tamarensis, were determined for mytilus edulis, crassostrea gigas, pecten maximus and ruditapes philippinarum. mussels and scallops were very rapidly contaminated showing high toxin accumulation rat ... | 1989 | 2629173 |
| impaired defense mechanisms in bay mussels, mytilus edulis, with hemic neoplasia. | immunocompetence of bay mussels, mytilus edulis, with hemic neoplasia was investigated with an in vitro yeast phagocytosis assay and by in vivo clearance from the blood of injected cytophaga sp. bacteria. the yeast phagocytosis assay was conducted with hemocytes maintained in 90% plasma. neoplastic hemocytes, characterized by enlarged nuclei and scant cytoplasm, failed to phagocytose yeast cells. in contrast, greater than 90% of hemocytes from unaffected animals and morphologically normal hemocy ... | 1989 | 2723448 |
| evaluation of the genotoxicity of domoic acid in a hepatocyte-mediated assay with v79 chinese hamster lung cells. | domoic acid, a recognized neurotoxin derived from contaminated samples of the blue mussel (mytilus edulis l.), was analyzed for mutagenicity at 2 loci and for 2 cytogenetic parameters in a hepatocyte-mediated assay with v79 chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. genetic end-points measured were: mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance at the hgprtase locus; mutation to ouabain resistance at the na+,k+-atpase locus; sister-chromatid exchange (sce) and micronucleus frequency (mn). none of these genetic en ... | 1989 | 2747731 |
| high affinity dopamine binding to mouse thymocytes and mytilus edulis (bivalvia) hemocytes. | the present report demonstrates that both mouse thymocytes and mytilus edulis hemocytes contain a novel type of dopamine receptor. scatchard analysis of these data revealed a single class of high-affinity binding sites with an affinity constant (kd) of 6.6 nm, and a binding site density (bmax) of 141 pmol/g protein in mice and a kd of 7.6 nm and a bmax of 66 pmol/g protein for the hemocytes. in older mytilus the kd was the same; however, there was a significant decrease in the bmax (48 pmol/g pr ... | 1989 | 2783253 |
| selective activation of carcinogenic aromatic amines to bacterial mutagens in the marine mussel mytilus galloprovincialis. | the postmitochondrial fraction of the marine mussel mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland activates selectively precarcinogenic aromatic amines, but not precarcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene, to salmonella typhimurium ta 98 mutagens. this activation potential is nadph-dependent, is not inducible by exposure to diesel 2 oil and a polluted environment, and is inhibited by methimazole. the characteristics of this activation potential are consistent with the recent finding of the presence of fad-contai ... | 1986 | 2877776 |
| isolation and characterization of calmodulin from a molluscan smooth muscle. | calmodulin was purified from the anterior byssal retractor muscle (abrm) of a mollusc mytilus edulis. ca2+-induced conformational changes in the abrm calmodulin could be demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, by u.v. absorption spectrum and by circular dichroic spectrum. the amino acid composition of the abrm calmodulin closely resembled that of other invertebrate calmodulins. the abrm calmodulin was less effective in activating rat brain phosphodiesterase than vertebrate calmodulin ... | 1985 | 2992870 |
| toxic mussels and okadaic acid induce rapid hypersecretion in the rat small intestine. | the diarrheic activity of algal toxins in blue mussels (mytilus edulis) has been quantitatively determined in ligated intestinal loops of the rat. hepatopancreas from toxic mussels were disintegrated by freeze-pressing, and the homogenized tissue suspended in an equal amount (w/v) of buffer or in the liquid recovered after steaming. when such suspensions were injected into ligated loops of rat small intestine a rapid fluid secretion was observed. in contrast, the liquid from non-toxic mussel tis ... | 1988 | 3196474 |
| plutonium and americium uptake in rats fed with cumbrian shellfish--implications for estimates of dose to man. | winkles (littorina littorea) and mussels (mytilus edulis) collected on the cumbrian coast contain americium-241 and isotopes of plutonium discharged from the nuclear-fuel reprocessing plant at sellafield. shellfish have been fed to rats and measurements made of the gastrointestinal absorption of the actinides. for shellfish collected over a 1-year period from march 1983 to february 1984, the average values for the fractional absorption of plutonium and americium were 9 x 10(-4) and 3 x 10(-4), r ... | 1988 | 3363317 |
| structures and actions of mytilus inhibitory peptides. | two congeneric peptides that inhibit contraction of the anterior byssus retractor muscle of mytilus edulis were isolated from the pedal ganglia of the mussel. their structures were determined to be h-gly-ser-pro-met-phe-val-nh2 and h-gly-ala-pro-met-phe-val-nh2. these hexapeptides also showed inhibitory action on contractions in several other molluscan muscles, such as the cardiac muscle of meretrix lusoria and the penis retractor muscle of achatina fulica. | 1988 | 3377776 |
| a simple planimetric method to quantify cytotoxicity in cell culture monolayers. | planimetry was shown to be a rapid, simple and reproducible method to quantify gross cytotoxicity in cell culture monolayers. a shellfish extract prepared from blue mussels (mytilus edulis) was cytotoxic to buffalo green monkey kidney cells. exposure of cells to mussel extracts for 1, 2 and greater than or equal to 4 h followed by agar (plaque assay) overlays produced 34, 87, and 100% destruction of the monolayers, respectively, within 72 h. planigraphs, prepared from tracing areas of cytotoxici ... | 1988 | 3397401 |
| [action of cadmium on the elemental composition and cellular morphology of the hepatopancreas, kidneys and gonads of the mussel mytilus edulis and scallop mizuhopecten yessoensis]. | studies have been made on the content and distribution of cd, k, mg, ca, s and p in organs and cells of mussels and scallops before and after immersion in water containing cadmium chloride. in normal molluscs, the lowest content of cd was found in the gonads; cadmium content of the hepatopancreas and kidney in the scallop is correspondingly 20 and 40 times higher than in the mussel. after immersion in water with cadmium (250 micrograms/l in summer experiments and 500 micrograms/l in spring ones) ... | 1988 | 3414216 |
| [influence of cooking and drying processes at different temperatures on the nutritive value of the protein of mussels (mytilus edulis)]. | the effect of steam cooking (96 degrees c for 15 minutes) and drying at two temperatures, 70 degrees c and 110 degrees c, on nutritive value of mussel protein was studied. the measurements were carried out by nitrogen balance techniques in growing rats, and the nutritional parameters studied were: cd, bv and npu. the crude digestibility (cd) values were: 87 +/- 1 and 82 +/- 1, and the biological values (bv), 80 +/- 1 and 74 +/- 1 for raw mussels, dried at 70 degrees c and at 110 degrees c respec ... | 1986 | 3632222 |
| kinetic characteristics and binding process of substrate analogs to the adenosine deaminase in the marine mussel, mytilus edulis. | 1. the purified mussel enzyme deaminated several adenosine analogs with different km and relative vmax values. affinity for adenine was similar to that for adenosine but the deamination rate was extremely slow. 2. purine riboside was competitive, coformycin was a tight, slow binding inhibitor, and inhibition by both these compounds was ph-dependent. 3. inosine, hypoxanthine, guanosine and 6-mercapto-purine riboside were slightly inhibitory. 4. the results suggested that initial binding of the su ... | 1987 | 3677618 |
| trace metals in mussels (mytilus edulis) from the waddenzee, coastal north sea and the estuaries of ems, western and eastern scheldt. | | 1986 | 3708182 |
| lectin-dependent recognition of foreign cells by hemocytes of the mussel, mytilus edulis. | phagocytosis of human erythrocytes (rbc) by hemocytes of the mussel mytilus edulis was found to be influenced by four heterologous lectins. the effects were examined in the absence of ca++ ions under three experimental conditions: when the lectins were bound to 1) both hemocytes and rbc, 2) only hemocytes, but not to rbc, and 3) only rbc, but not to hemocytes. the lectins used included: albumen gland agglutinin from helix pomatia (hpa), wheat germ agglutinin (wga), ricinus-120 (ric-120) and conc ... | 1986 | 3754847 |
| [nutritive value of shellfish consumed in chile]. | the purpose of the present study was to determine the protein quality and digestibility of shellfish commonly consumed in chile, and to estimate its contribution to the protein needs of the chilean population. the shellfish studied were chorito (mytilus edulis chilensis), macha (mesodesma donacium), loco (concholepas concholepas), cholga (aulacomya ater), erizo (loxechinus albus) and almeja (no specific variety). the npu method was used to determine protein quality. the percentage of protein ade ... | 1985 | 3834878 |
| lectin-binding to hemocytes of mytilus edulis. | lectin receptors for wga, ricinus 60, ricinus 120, and for the agglutinin from the albumin gland of helix pomatia were detected on the surface of mytilus hemocytes by an agglutination assay. when hemocyte monolayers on slides were incubated with these lectins, strong rosette formation was obtained after addition of human erythrocytes. the lowest lectin concentration which caused formation of rosettes was determined to be 5 micrograms/ml of wga or of helix agglutinin, and 20 micrograms/ml of rici ... | 1985 | 3839466 |
| [demonstration of silver and lead contamination of oysters (crassostrea gigas) and mussels (mytilus edulis) in french coastal waters. microanalytical study by secondary ion emission]. | the oyster crassostrea gigas and the marine mussel mytilus edulis collected from french coastal waters of the channel, atlantic ocean and mediterranean sea were shown to contain silver and lead. for the oysters, the highest silver and lead levels were detected in the marennes oléron samples; for the mussels, the highest silver levels were detected in the seine bay samples and the lead ones in the boulogne samples. target organs for uptake, storage and excretion, including macrophage haemocytes, ... | 1985 | 3918774 |
| exclusive activation of aromatic amines in the marine mussel mytilus edulis by fad-containing monooxygenase. | microsomes from the marine mussel mytilus edulis possess the enzyme activity that selectively metabolizes primary aromatic amines and not polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. this activity is nadph-dependent and has a ph optimum at 8.4. by these characteristics this enzyme is identical with the purified pig liver fad-containing monooxygenase (ec 1.14.13.8, dimethylaniline monooxygenase). the exposure of mussels to diesel-2 oil does not induce the enzyme activity. these results are discussed in term ... | 1985 | 3985956 |
| metabolism in the rat of cadmium biocomplexes from edible mussel exposed to 109cdcl2. | the metabolism in the rat of 109cd biocomplexes present in the tissues of the edible mussel mytilus galloprovincialis, previously exposed to 109cdcl2, was studied. the tissue distribution and binding of 109cd were compared to those caused by an equal dose of 109cd as cdcl2 or rat liver cd-metallothionein. administration of mussel 109cd to rats resulted in an initial accumulation of 109cd in the kidneys due to the presence of 109cd-metallothionein, which constituted 25% of the 109cd in the tissue ... | 1985 | 3987600 |
| dominance in physiological phenotypes and fitness at an enzyme locus. | aminopeptidase-i allozymes, which are products of the lap locus in the marine mussel, mytilus edulis, differ in their catalytic efficiencies. these biochemical differences result in genotype-specific rates of change in the free amino acid pool, that is, cell volume regulation, when mussels are subjected to changes in salinity. a high degree of dominance was found among genotypes for these biochemical and physiological phenotypes. selection models that incorporate dominance adequately predict obs ... | 1985 | 4012310 |
| a combination fluorescence assay and folin-ciocalteau phenol reagent assay for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisons. | paralytic shellfish poison (psp) profiles of crude shellfish extracts were determined by linear gradient elution from a bio-rad ag-50-x4 strong cation-exchange resin mini-column. stx, gtx2 and gtx3 were detected by fluorescence assay. neostx and gtx1/gtx4 were detected with a folin-ciocalteau phenol reagent assay. the major toxicity associated with extracts of mytilus edulis and mya arenaria collected during a 1972 red tide off hampton, new hampshire, was due to the presence of gtx1/gtx4, with s ... | 1985 | 4024145 |
| [radioactive and stable cobalt concentrations in mussel in kyushu islands, japan]. | two kinds of mussel, septifer virgatus and mytilus edulis, were collected from kyushu island, japan, in order to elucidate a background level of 60co, which is one of the most significant radionuclide for environmental monitoring around a nuclear power plant. the mussels were collected from 7 locations in 1983 and classified 2 or 3 groups depending on their shell size at each location. activities of 60co were measured by a low-background beta counter after purified by means of chemical separatio ... | 1985 | 4035009 |
| free amino acid pattern in blue mussel (mytilus edulis) exposed to crude oil. | | 1985 | 4074949 |
| the uptake of enteroviruses by the new zealand marine blue mussel mytilus edulis aoteanus. | | 1967 | 4290524 |
| [improvement of an enrichment medium for vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus]. | enriched cultures ofsing a selective substratum treated with sulfisoxazolo. this substratum has a composition in aminoacids, vitamins of the b-group, glucides and sodium chloride similar to that of homogenized mytilus edulis which had turned out to be an excellent natural medium for the growth of the aforecited halofilic vibrios. | 1974 | 4460901 |
| carbohydrate reserves and phosphatase activity in the mollusc-trematode relationship of mytilus edulis l. and proctoeces maculatus (looss, 1901) odhner, 1911. | | 1974 | 4825430 |
| [an epizootic with larvae of bucephalus mytili cole, affecting natural and cultivated populations of mytilus edulis l. of the region of coutances (manche)]. | | 1970 | 4991296 |
| the effect of phosphoenolpyruvate fructose 1,6-diphosphate and ph on allosteric pyruvate kinase in muscle tissue of the bivalve mytilus edulis l. | | 1972 | 5068821 |
| two toxins from a poisonous sample of mussels mytilus edulis. | 1. a crude preparation of toxin was extracted from a sample of mussels mytilus edulis, part of a batch responsible for many cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning.2. the crude extract was partially purified by absorption on sodium amberlite ion-exchange resin. two toxins were recovered by elution from the amberlite, and purified further by gel filtration.3. one toxin closely resembled saxitoxin in its behaviour on amberlite and in its biological effects.4. the other toxin behaved quite different ... | 1970 | 5495180 |
| [method of recording the linear growth and cell mass displacement of multicellular animals and plants]. | a photoelectrical method has been developed of registration of the linear growth and cell mass movements in the actively zones (growing tips, edges, etc). the device proposed transforms to electrical signals the changes in lighting of microscopic visual field caused by shifting the growing structures in the area restricted by the aperture of the ocular field diaphragm of the "cat-eye" type. by means of this technique, oscillograms of growth of the number of multicellular organisms have been obta ... | 1982 | 6127823 |
| the mechanism of calcium transport in mitochondria isolated from the marine mussel, mytilus edulis (l.). | isolated mussel mitochondria produced a less pronounced transient stimulation of respiration upon the addition of ca2+ in a reaction medium containing pi and a slower rate of ca2+ transport compared to rat liver mitochondria. the initial rates of ca2+ transport in the absence of pi were more similar and both types of mitochondria possessed a sigmoidal relationship between the initial rate of ca2+ transport and the free ca2+ concentration ("km" approximately 5 microm). ruthenium red produced an e ... | 1982 | 6179627 |
| skinned smooth muscle: time course of force and atpase activity during contraction cycle. | the time course of atpase activity and force has been determined during contraction and relaxation in skinned (hyperpermeable) anterior byssus retractor muscle, abrm, of mytilus edulis and compared with corresponding measurements on skinned taenia coli of guinea-pigs. following a calcium-induced contraction, lowering the [ca++] to 10(-8) m rapidly reduces atpase activity within 2 min to resting levels while force declines only to about 30-50% of maximal tension within the same time. thus slow re ... | 1984 | 6230251 |
| the effects of serum immunoglobulins on the metachronal coordination of the lateral cilia of mytilus edulis. | human igm and a bovine, igm-enriched serum fraction isolated from normal adult serum at concentrations of 0.25-1 mg/ml protein induced a pronounced increase in the metachronal wavelength of the lateral (l) cilia of the sea mussel mytilus edulis without altering their beat frequency. this change in activity was indistinguishable from that induced by 50% adult human or bovine serum. at protein concentrations ranging from 1-9 mg/ml, human igg or a bovine, igg-enriched serum fraction had no or littl ... | 1984 | 6375872 |
| [bioaccumulation of uranium by mussels, mytilus edulis (l.) collected from the french coasts of the channel and experimental contamination. microanalysis by secondary ionic emission]. | 238u+ was detected in mytilus edulis collected from the pas-de-calais and the baie de seine. storage organs were mantle, digestive gland, intestine epithelium and gonad where the highest values occurred. uranium uptake happened via gill and digestive tractus, and excretion via kidney. hemocytes played an important part in uptake, storage and excretion of the metal. m. edulis which was shown to concentrate the radionuclide from the marine environment where the metal exists at trace level, is then ... | 1983 | 6416621 |
| [bioaccumulation of lanthanum by the mussels mytilus edulis collected from french coasts. microanalysis by x-ray spectrography and secondary ion emission]. | the common marine mussel mytilus edulis collected from french coastal waters of the channel, atlantic ocean and mediterranean sea was shown to contain lanthanum; higher levels were found in the samples collected from the eastern channel and more particularly from the baie de seine. 139la+ was detected within lysosomes of digestive gland, labial palp and gill epithelium, macrophage hemocytes and chitinous tissue. lanthanum was always associated with high phosphorus contents in the lysosomes. thus ... | 1984 | 6432226 |
| effect of ca2+-independent myosin light chain kinase on different skinned smooth muscle fibers. | in various skinned smooth muscle fiber preparations, (porcine carotid artery, rat tail artery, chicken gizzard and taenia coli from guinea pig) a ca2+-independent myosin light chain kinase (mlck) initiated a contraction in absence of ca2+. while the ca2+ insensitive mlck was effective on the vertebrate smooth muscles it did not act on the invertebrate skinned skeletal muscle preparation from limulus and anterior byssus retractor muscle from mytilus edulis. the results indicate that in vertebrate ... | 1984 | 6548012 |
| capillary gc/ms determination of organic sulfur compounds detected in oyster and mussel caught in the sea as an oil pollution index. | the organic sulfur compounds usually contained in crude oil were used as a marker of oil pollution in shellfish. the oyster (crassostrea gigas) and mussel (mytilus edulis) were caught in the seto inland sea of japan. capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) of extracts showed the presence of organic sulfur compounds of dibenzothiophene and alkyl dibenzothiophenes (c1-c3). the concentration factor of organic sulfur compounds in the oyster and mussel was determined by gas chro ... | 1983 | 6630402 |
| heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead and mercury) in common eiders (somateria mollissima) from denmark. | in an examination of 50 danish common eiders, the liver and kidney content of cadmium, copper, lead and mercury was determined. eiders were chosen for analysis, because this species feed almost exclusively on the common mussel (mytilus edulis), which is known to accumulate heavy metals. the concentrations recorded of cadmium, copper, and mercury were lower than what is usually regarded as toxic for birds, except for one eider which carried more than 2000 mg copper/kg liver tissue (dry weight). o ... | 1983 | 6674934 |
| diarrhetic mussel poisoning in the netherlands related to the dinoflagellate dinophysis acuminata. | in 1961, 1971, 1976, 1979 and 1981 several cases of mussel poisoning have been recorded in the netherlands. during the outbreak of this phenomenon, consumers of raw or cooked mussels, mytilus edulis, obtained from the dutch shellfish-growing areas, showed gastrointestinal disorders. investigations revealed that phytoplankton bloom of the dinoflagellate dinophysis acuminata claparède & lachman preceded the mussel poisoning. after the disappearance of these dinoflagellates, the toxicity of mussels ... | 1983 | 6685995 |
| the escherichia coli content of mytilus edulis from analysis of whole tissue or digestive tract. | | 1981 | 7024233 |
| characterization of the lysozyme of mytilus edulis (l). | 1. lysozyme isolated from the crystalline style of mytilus edulis is a true n-acetylmuramyl-hydrolase (e.c. 3.2.1.17). 2. the enzyme is optimally active at approx ph 7.1, i = 0.011, with a secondary optimum at ph 4.6, i = 0.054. 3. cell walls of micrococcus luteus, escherichia coli, and bacillus subtilis were degraded by the lysozyme but chitin or cell walls of staphylococcus aureus were resistant to its activity. 4. tetra-n-acetyl chitotetraose inhibited enzyme activity more than n-acetylglucos ... | 1982 | 7083815 |
| the detection of mutagens in the marine environment using the mussel mytilus edulis. | | 1982 | 7167547 |
| serum proteins agglutinate cilia and modify ciliary coordination. | a quantifiable assay is described in which the lateral cilia of the sea mussel mytilus edulis are used to examine the effects of serum on ciliary function. human sera and sera from a variety of animals have been found to induce a change in ciliary metachrony. this alteration in activity appears to be brought about by the agglutination of adjacent cilia into blocks, with the effect of increasing the wavelength; the beat frequency remains steady. parallel studies with the rabbit cilia assay have s ... | 1981 | 7220144 |
| levels of hydrocarbons in mussels, mytilus edulis, and surface sediments from danish coastal areas. | | 1981 | 7248542 |
| toxicity of cacmium to amoeba proteus: a biochemical approach. | the cadmium ion (cd2+) was accumulated by amoeba proteus in all cellular fractions, the highest level being associated with the cytosol fraction. on gel separation of the cytosol fraction, cd-binding protein appeared in 2 peaks: one greater than 45,000 mw (peak i) and the other 12,000 mw (peak ii). added cysteine increased the total cd2+ taken up by the cells and resulted in disproportionate increase of cd incorporated into the cd-binding protein of peak ii. the cd-binding protein of peak ii is ... | 1980 | 7373569 |
| behavior of escherichia coli and male-specific bacteriophage in environmentally contaminated bivalve molluscs before and after depuration. | we monitored the differential reduction rates and elimination patterns of escherichia coli and male-specific (f+) bacteriophage during uv depuration for 48 h in oysters (crassostrea gigas) and mussels (mytilus edulis) contaminated by short-term (1 to 3 weeks) and long-term (more than 6 months) exposure to sewage in the marine environment. the time taken to reduce levels of e. coli by 90% was 6.5 h or less in all cases. in contrast, the amounts of time needed to reduce levels of f+ bacteriophage ... | 1995 | 7487015 |
| schistosoma mansoni: the presence and potential use of opiate-like substances. | the present study demonstrates that morphine- and codeine-like molecules are present in schistosoma mansoni following hplc separation and identification with an appropriate commercially available antibody. furthermore, the endogenous material, corresponding to morphine, mimics authentic morphine in its ability to induce immunocyte rounding and immobility, an action that is naloxone sensitive. the codeine-like material is not found at high concentrations compared to the morphine-like material, in ... | 1995 | 7556563 |
| nitrofurantoin-stimulated reactive oxygen species production and genotoxicity in digestive gland microsomes and cytosol of the common mussel (mytilus edulis l.). | the ability of nitrofurantoin (nf) to produce reactive oxygen species (ros) was investigated in subcellular fractions of digestive gland of the mussel mytilus edulis in terms of oxygen consumption and the formation of superoxide anion radical (o2-) (measured as sod-sensitive cytochrome c reduction or sod-sensitive sensitive .oh production), h2o2 (effect of catalase), and hydroxyl radical (.oh) (iron/edta-mediated oxidation of kmba to ethylene). additionally, the genotoxic effects of nf were exam ... | 1995 | 7716774 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of a synthetic analog to the bioadhesive precursor protein of the sea mussel mytilus edulis. | repetitious gene cassettes that encode the consensus decapeptide repeat of mytilus edulis bioadhesive protein were designed, constructed, and expressed in escherichia coli. the bioadhesive precursor (bp) with a relative molecular mass of 25,000 was expressed from one 600-bp gene at levels approaching 60% of total cell protein in strains employing t7 rna polymerase for induction and carrying a repetitious gene comprised of a 30-bp unit repeat that accounts for e. coli codon bias. bp forms intrace ... | 1993 | 7763730 |
| dynein inner arm heavy chain identification in camp-activated flagella using class-specific polyclonal antibodies. | while studying camp-dependent dynein alpha-heavy chain phosphorylation, we found previously [stephens and prior, 1992: j. cell sci. 103:999-1012] that high salt extraction of sperm flagella from the mussel mytilus edulis or the clam spisula solidissima removed most visible dynein arms, accompanied by an amount of mg+2-atpase that correlated with the mass of dynein alpha- and beta-heavy chains removed. however, although almost devoid of atpase activity, such extracted axonemes retained one third ... | 1995 | 7796457 |
| an incident of elevated levels of unsaturated free fatty acids in mussels from nova scotia and their toxic effect in mice after intraperitoneal injection. | methanol extracts of the hepatopancreas of mussels (mytilus edulis) harvested at two locations (ship harbour and wine harbour) in eastern nova scotia, canada, were found to be toxic to mice after intraperitoneal injection. the commonly known toxins, such as those associated with diarrhetic shellfish poison (dsp), paralytic shellfish poison, and domoic acid, were not present in the extracts. however, they were found to contain elevated levels of free fatty acids. using a modified dsp extraction p ... | 1994 | 7866668 |
| kinetics of alexandrium minutum halim toxin accumulation in mussels and clams. | mussels (mytilus edulis) and clams (ruditapes philippinarum) were contaminated experimentally using cultures of alexandrium minutum, a toxic dinoflagellate isolated from french coastal waters. experiments were carried out in continually flushed and open-circuit systems using alexandrium densities of 100 to 700 cells/ml delivered to tanks containing the shellfish. all experiments indicated an inversion of the relative proportions of gonyautoxins (gtx2 and gtx3) in shellfish meat during decontamin ... | 1994 | 7866670 |
| effect of distance from the polluting focus on relative concentrations of bacteroides fragilis phages and coliphages in mussels. | concentrations of fecal bacteria, somatic and f-specific coliphages, and phages infecting bacteroides fragilis in naturally occurring black mussels (mytilus edulis) were determined. mussels were collected over a 7-month period at four sampling sites with different levels of fecal pollution. concentrations of both fecal bacteria and bacteriophages in mussel meat paralleled the concentration of fecal bacteria in the overlying waters. mussels bioaccumulated efficiently, although with different effi ... | 1994 | 8074509 |
| use of human sera containing autoantibodies for an immunochemical study of some ribosomal proteins in rat, trout, mussel and fly maggot. | sera from human subjects affected by autoimmune connective tissue diseases and containing antiribosomal autoantibodies were used to analyze by immunoblotting ribosomal proteins from trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver, mussel (mytilus edulis) hepatopancreas and whole fly maggots (calliphora vomitoria). as usual in medical analysis of autoantibodies, the reference antigen preparation was extracted from rat liver. with the used sera, six known ribosomal proteins from rat liver were characterized: p0 ... | 1994 | 8081655 |
| neuropeptide y inhibits human and invertebrate immunocyte chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and spontaneous activation. | 1. in a concentration-dependent manner neuropeptide y was found to be a potent inhibitor of the spontaneous activation of human granulocytes and macrophages as well as mytilus edulis immunocytes. 2. neuropeptide y also inhibited the chemotaxic response of these immunocytes to the chemoattractant f-mlp. 3. incubation of both the human and the invertebrate immunocytes in f-mlp (10(-9) m) causes "activation" as noted by random locomotion (chemokinesis). neuropeptide y also blocked f-mlp-induced che ... | 1993 | 8111825 |
| opiate-like substances in an invertebrate, an opiate receptor on invertebrate and human immunocytes, and a role in immunosuppression. | the presence of morphine-like and codeine-like substances was demonstrated in the pedal ganglia, hemolymph, and mantle tissues of the mollusc mytilus edulis. the pharmacological activities of the endogenous morphine-like material resemble those of authentic morphine. both substances were found to counteract, in a dose-dependent manner, the stimulatory effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1 alpha on human monocytes and mytilus immunocytes, when added simultaneously to the incubati ... | 1993 | 8248214 |
| analysis of the attraction of haemocytes from mytilus edulis by molecules of bacterial origin. | boyden chamber assays were performed to test the stimulatory effect of different bacterial products on the migratory activity of mytilus haemocytes. the results indicate that these blood cells exhibit chemotactic as well as chemokinetic reactions. lipopolysaccharides (lps) from both serratia marcescens and escherichia coli stimulated the migration of cells through the membrane of the boyden chamber when lps was present in the lower compartment only. in contrast, addition of lps to the lower as w ... | 1993 | 8270090 |
| separation of multiple forms of glutathione s-transferase from the blue mussel, mytilus edulis. | 1. glutathione s-transferase isoenzymes from mytilus edulis and m. galloprovincialis have been partially purified by glutathione-sepharose affinity chromatography followed by mono q anion exchange fast protein liquid chromatography (f.p.l.c.). 2. the tissue distribution of glutathione s-transferase in m. edulis has been studied. using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate, highest specific activity is observed in the gill, the main feeding organ. affinity-purified extracts of this organ give ... | 1993 | 8284941 |
| neurons in a variety of molluscs react to antibodies raised against the vd1/rpd2 alpha-neuropeptide of the pond snail lymnaea stagnalis. | the vd1 and rpd2 neurons of lymnaea stagnalis innervate other central neurons, certain skin areas, the pneumostome area, and the auricle of the heart. recently, a set of four (delta, epsilon, alpha, beta) neuropeptides produced by these giant neurons and by certain other central neurons has been characterized. although alternative splicing of the preprohormone of these neurons yields at least 10 different alpha neuropeptides, an affinity-purified antiserum directed against a domain common to all ... | 1993 | 8364974 |