| isolation of full-length rna templates for reverse transcription from tissues rich in rnase and proteoglycans. | rna isolated by conventional guanidinium isothiocyanate methods from tissues of a mollusc (red abalone: haliotis rufescens) is largely degraded and discolored by contaminants. these contaminants are associated with inhibition of reverse transcriptase, prevent accurate spectrophotometric determination of rna concentration, and impart undesirable viscosity to the preparations. a cold two-step method of rna isolation was devised which provides high yields of full-length rna templates from these tis ... | 1993 | 7685567 |
| a mox homeobox gene in the gastropod mollusc haliotis rufescens is differentially expressed during larval morphogenesis and metamorphosis. | we have isolated a homeobox-containing cdna from the gastropod mollusc haliotis rufescens that is most similar to members of the mox homeobox gene class. the derived haliotis homeodomain sequence is 85% identical to mouse and frog mox-2 homeodomains and 88.9% identical to the partial cnidarian cnox5-hm homeodomain. quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of mrna accumulation reveals that this gene, called hrumox, is expressed in the larva, but not in the early embry ... | 1997 | 9247155 |
| characterization of cdnas encoding serine proteinases from the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | three cdnas encoding serine proteinases (hgspi-iii) were isolated from a cdna library constructed from feeding females of heterodera glycines. the library was screened with three separate serine proteinase gene fragments amplified from cdna of h. glycines using consensus oligonucleotide primers. each predicted protein contains a secretion signal sequence, a propeptide and a mature protein of 226-296 amino acids. one of the predicted enzymes, hgsp-ii has 41% identity to a chymotrypsin-like enzyme ... | 1997 | 9364965 |
| gene order in a 10 275 bp fragment of yarrowia lipolytica, including adjacent ylura5 and ylsec65 genes conserved in four yeast species. | we have determined the sequence of a 10275 bp dna segment of yarrowia lipolytica located on chromosome vi. the sequence contains six complete open reading frames (orfs) longer than 100 amino acids and two more partial orfs at both ends. two of the orfs encode for the well-characterized genes ylura5 (orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and ylsec65 (encoding a subunit of the signal recognition particle). these two genes show an identical organization-located on opposite strands and in opposite orie ... | 2001 | 11427963 |
| effects of temperature on host-pathogen-drug interactions in red abalone, haliotis rufescens, determined by 1h nmr metabolomics. | the antibiotic oxytetracycline (otc) has shown immense promise for combating the causative agent of withering syndrome (ws), a rickettsia-like procaryote (ws-rlp) that has severely impacted california abalone (haliotis spp.) populations. using histology and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy based metabolomics, the effects of otc treatments (10, 20, or 30 days) on ws-rlp infected abalone in seawater temperatures of 13.4 +/- 1.2 and 17.3 +/- 1.3 degrees c were investigated over 160 day ... | 2006 | 17154019 |
| ggr-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter, induces planktonic abalone larvae to settle and begin metamorphosis. | gamma-aminobutyric acid (a simple amino acid and potent neurotransmitter in human brain and other tissues of higher animals) and certain of its congeners rapidly and synchronously induce planktonic larvae of the red abalone, haliotis rufescens, to settle and commence behavioral and developmental metamorphosis. these naturally occurring inducers of algal origin apparently are responsible, in part, for the substrate-specific recruitment, induction of settling, and the onset of metamorphosis of aba ... | 1979 | 17758015 |
| macromolecular structure of the organic framework of nacre in haliotis rufescens: implications for growth and mechanical behavior. | we have performed a macromolecular structural analysis of the interlamellar and intertabular parts of the organic framework of the nacreous part of the shell of haliotis rufescens, including the identification of structural chitin. using histochemical optical microscopy we have mapped the locations of carboxylates and sulfates of proteins and chitin on the surfaces and within the core of the interlamellar layers and the intertabular matrix that together form the external organic matrix of compos ... | 2008 | 18538582 |
| fishing from past to present: continuity and resilience of red abalone fisheries on the channel islands, california. | archaeological data from coastal shell middens provide a window into the structure of ancient marine ecosystems and the nature of human impacts on fisheries that often span millennia. for decades channel island archaeologists have studied middle holocene shell middens visually dominated by large and often whole shells of the red abalone (haliotis rufescens). here we use modern ecological data, historical accounts, commercial red abalone catch records, and zooarchaeological data to examine long-t ... | 2009 | 19544733 |
| interfacial shear strength in abalone nacre. | the shear strength of the interface between tiles of aragonite in the nacre of red abalone haliotis rufescens was investigated through mechanical tensile and shear tests. dog-bone shaped samples were used to determine the tensile strength of nacre when loaded parallel to the plane of growth; the mean strength was 65 mpa. shear tests were conducted on a special fixture with a shear gap of 200 microm, approximately 100 microm narrower than the spacing between mesolayers. the shear strength is foun ... | 2009 | 19716105 |
| health and survival of red abalone haliotis rufescens from san miguel island, california, usa, in a laboratory simulation of la ni+¦a and el ni+¦o conditions. | the variability in southern california's marine climate is dominated by the el ni+¦o-southern oscillation, with cycling between el ni+¦o events (characterized by warm water, low productivity, and frequent storms) and la ni+¦a events (which exhibit the opposite conditions). relative to the mainland and other channel islands, san miguel island (smi) consistently maintains cooler water temperatures and supports significant populations of red abalone haliotis rufescens, presumably owing to increased ... | 2011 | 21834330 |
| availability of chemosensory receptors is down-regulated by habituation of larvae to a morphogenetic signal. | larvae of the gastropod mollusc haliotis rufescens are induced to settle from the plankton and metamorphose in response to exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) and a number of gaba-mimetic compounds, including a gaba-mimetic inducer uniquely associated with the surfaces of the naturally recruiting algae. previous evidence has shown that recognition of these inducers is mediated by specialized chemosensory receptors on the larval epithelium and that transduction of the morphogenetic signal th ... | 2010 | 3020553 |
| amino acid sequence of an egg-lysin protein from abalone spermatozoa that solubilizes the vitelline layer. | spermatozoa of the california red abalone (haliotis rufescens; phylum mollusca, order archeogastropoda) possess an acrosomal protein that dissolves the egg vitelline layer during fertilization. evidence strongly suggests that the dissolution mechanism is a stoichiometric, nonenzymatic process that depends on the hydrophobic nature of the sperm protein which should therefore be termed an egg-lysin. here we report the complete amino acid sequence of this unique protein. peptides obtained by cyanog ... | 2013 | 3894351 |
| the essential amino acid requirements of the red abalone, haliotis rufescens. | | 1976 | 236139 |
| development and validation of a novel lc-ms/ms opioid confirmation assay: evaluation of β-glucuronidase enzymes and sample cleanup methods. | with the rise in the use and misuse of prescription opioids, there is an increasing need for the confirmed identification of opioid analgesics in toxicology laboratories. the goals of this study were to (i) systematically evaluate the hydrolysis efficiency of four β-glucuronidase enzymes under optimized condition; (ii) evaluate compound recovery, matrix effects and precision of three protein precipitation plates and (iii) develop and validate a qualitative liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry ... | 2016 | 27121711 |
| concentration and retention of toxoplasma gondii surrogates from seawater by red abalone (haliotis rufescens). | small marine snails and abalone have been identified as high- and low-risk prey items, respectively, for exposure of threatened southern sea otters to toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic parasite that can cause fatal encephalitis in animals and humans. while recent work has characterized snails as paratenic hosts for t. gondii, the ability of abalone to vector the parasite has not been evaluated. to further elucidate why abalone predation may be protective against t. gondii exposure, this study aimed ... | 2016 | 27573192 |
| molecular characterization of collagen iv evidences early transcription expression related to the immune response against bacterial infection in the red abalone (haliotis rufescens). | collagen iv has been described as a structural protein of the basement membrane, which as a whole forms a specialized extracellular matrix. recent studies have indicated a possible relationship between collagen iv and the innate immune response of invertebrate organisms. the present study characterized the alpha-1 chain of collagen iv in the red abalone haliotis rufescens (hr-coliv) and evaluated its association with the innate immune response against vibrio anguillarum. to further evidence the ... | 2015 | 25463284 |
| a galectin with quadruple-domain from red abalone haliotis rufescens involved in the immune innate response against to vibrio anguillarum. | galectins are proteins that recognize and bind specifically β-galactosidase residues, playing important roles in the innate immune response of vertebrates and invertebrates. the cdna of a tandem repeat galectin from the red abalone haliotis rufescens cdna (hrgal) was cloned and characterized using rapid amplification of cdna end technique. the full-length cdna of hrgal was 2471 bp, with a 5' terminal untranslated region (utr) of 131 bp, a 3' utr of 672 pb, and an open reading frame (orf) of 1668 ... | 2014 | 24952088 |
| immune response of apoptosis-related cysteine peptidases from the red abalone haliotis rufescens (hrcas8 and hrcas3): molecular characterization and transcription expression. | caspases play an important role in the different stages of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, which has been related to the immune response in multicellular organisms. the present study characterized an initiator caspase (hrcas8) and an effector caspase (hrcas3) from the red abalone haliotis rufescens using the race method and qpcr analysis. hrcas8 showed a complete sequence of 2529 base pairs (bp) with an open-reading frame (orf) of 1911 bp, a 5'utr of 201 bp, and a 3'utr of 417 bp. the estim ... | 2014 | 24821426 |
| molecular cloning and expression of irak-4, il-17 and i-κb genes in haliotis rufescens challenged with vibrio anguillarum. | the candidate genes interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (irak-4), interleukin 17 (il-17) and inhibitor of nf-κb (i-κb) were cloned and evaluated in californian abalone (haliotis rufescens) hemocytes in response to vibrio anguillarum. molecular characterization evidenced that hri-κb has a full cdna sequence of 3027 bp with an encoding region of 401 amino acids (aa), hrirak-4 comprised 1969 bp that encoded for 516 aa, and hr-il17 had a full sequence of 806 bp encoding for 165 aa. qpcr analy ... | 2014 | 24398261 |
| transcriptomic and cellular response to bacterial challenge (pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus) in farmed juvenile haliotis rufescens fed with or without probiotic diet. | the abalone production in chile has increased considerably in recent years with no sign of tapering off. open and semi-closed circuits in the marine water zones in the north and south of chile are the preferred areas of culture. coastal ecosystems are subjected to a wide variety of contaminants that generate stress that affects populations via their impacts to individuals at both physiological and genetic levels. this work investigated the genomic and cellular response of post-weaning juvenile h ... | 2013 | 23535139 |
| taurine metabolism in larvae of marine invertebrate molluscs (bilvalvia, gastropoda) | nonfeeding larvae of the gastropod haliotis rufescens maintained a constant amount of taurine during embryonic and larval development and, since no de novo synthesis of taurine was observed in these larvae, the maternal endowment of taurine to the egg was sufficient for larval development to metamorphosis. in contrast, feeding larvae of the bivalve crassostrea gigas increased their taurine content by a factor of 43 during growth to metamorphosis (from 86 to 311 µm, valve length). taurine w ... | 1995 | 9319700 |
| foraging strategies and prey switching in the california sea otter. | southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis), in recovering from near extinction, are gradually extending their range to include areas from which they have been absent for more than one hundred years. this study took advantage of the otters' relatively sudden arrival in the area near santa cruz, california, to monitor their prey selection in the first two years of residence there. foraging observations revealed that sea urchins (strongly-locentrotus franciscanus) were heavily preyed upon initiall ... | 1982 | 28311106 |
| draft genome sequences of shewanella sp. strain ucd-frsp16_17 and nine vibrio strains isolated from abalone feces. | we present here the draft genome sequences for nine strains of vibrio (v. cyclitrophicus, v. splendidus, v. tasmaniensis, and three unidentified) and one shewanella strain. strains were isolated from red (haliotis rufescens) and white (haliotis sorenseni) abalone, with and without exposure to "candidatus xenohaliotis californiensis," the causative agent of abalone withering syndrome. | 2016 | 27635000 |