| on the karyotype of a laboratory trichinella strain from bulgaria. | the karyotype of male and female individuals of the species trichinella nelsoni was studied. it was found that the number of chromosomes in females individuals is 2n = 6 and in males 2n = 5. each pair of chromosomes differs from one another as to dimensions and location of the centromere. the univalent chromosome that was found in the chromosome set containing five chromosomes is the second largest submetacentric chromosome. it is suggested that this chromosome is the sex chromome of the studied ... | 1976 | 1258525 |
| ecological border of distribution of trichinella nativa britov et boev, 1972 and t. nelsoni britov et boev, 1972. | according to the received data trichinella nelsoni and t. nativa occupied different areas. t. nelsoni was localized in africa and mediterranean subregion of palearctics, t. nativa occupied the continental territory of eurasia and neoarctics. their distribution was limited by the threshold action of certain gradation of low temperatures. the joints of the species borders passed along the isotherm line of -5 - -6 degrees of january, where they made sympatric populations. outside of this border the ... | 1992 | 1299068 |
| allozyme analysis of trichinella isolates from various host species and geographical regions. | allozyme analysis was carried out on 152 trichinella isolates from synanthropic and wild animals and from humans; the isolates were collected from 5 continents. the analysis, involving 27 enzymes, revealed the presence of 8 distinct gene pools, termed t1-t8. four of the genetic groups represent the 4 previously proposed species: trichinella spiralis sensu stricto (t1), trichinella nativa (t2), trichinella nelsoni (t7), and trichinella pseudospiralis (t4). the other 4, t3, t5, t6, and t8 are dist ... | 1992 | 1635022 |
| biological characterization of trichinella isolates from various host species and geographical regions. | forty isolates of trichinella collected from 5 continents were compared for 7 biological characters: newborn larvae produced per female worm cultured in vitro at the seventh, eighth, and ninth day postinfection, host muscle nurse cell development time, reproductive capacity index in rats and chickens, and resistance of muscle larvae to freezing. the isolates also were compared by analyses of an environmental character of the location from which they were isolated: the isotherms for january and j ... | 1992 | 1635023 |
| taxonomic revision of the genus trichinella. | the analysis of genetic, biochemical, and biological data on about 300 trichinella isolates, reported in the literature, allows a taxonomic revision of this genus. we propose the recognition of 5 sibling species, trichinella spiralis (owen, 1835) sensu stricto; trichinella nativa britov and boev, 1972; trichinella pseudospiralis garkavi, 1972; trichinella nelsoni britov and boev, 1972 sensu stricto; and trichinella britovi n. sp., on the basis of biochemical and biological characteristics. trich ... | 1992 | 1635024 |
| identification of sylvatic trichinella (t3) in foxes from france. | thirty-three foxes (vulpes vulpes) from a sample of 1912 collected in france were found to be infected with trichinella spp. four isolates were obtained for genetic identification. isoenzymatic and biological analysis of these isolates revealed the presence of two distinct genetic types of trichinella, trichinella spiralis s.str. (t1) and trichinella sp. (t3) (trichinella nelsoni according to soviet authors) in the fox population. the reproductive capacity index of these isolates in wistar rats ... | 1991 | 1763479 |
| identification by isoenzyme patterns of two gene pools of trichinella nelsoni in africa. | | 1991 | 1796874 |
| biochemical resolution of european and african isolates of trichinella nelsoni britov and boev, 1972. | isoenzyme analysis was used to characterize 47 isolates of trichinella nelsoni from europe (eur) and two from kenya and tanzania (afr). in all, 27 isoenzymes showed polymorphism within the species. the eur parasites, isolated from domestic, synanthropic, sylvatic animals and man, showed isoenzymatic profiles different from those exhibited by afr parasites isolated from sylvatic animals. the eur parasites showed polymorphism due to three isoenzymes, i.e. me, mpi and pgm. euclidean distance and a ... | 1991 | 2027884 |
| inhibition of leukocyte function by serum from patients with trichinellosis. | modification of leukocytic function has been reported in only a few human parasitic diseases. in this study we evaluated the effects of the sera from patients infected with trichinella on chemotactic and phagocytic responses in leukocytes. leukocyte chemotaxis was tested by the agarose method and phagocytosis by the technique of yamamura, modified for saccharomyces cerevisiae. sera were acquired from patients during a trichinellosis outbreak that occurred in northern italy in 1986. the parasite ... | 1990 | 2199653 |
| identification of two isolates of trichinella recovered from humans in france. | two trichinella isolates from humans in france were characterized using reproductive capacity indices and a combination of molecular methods. the isolate trll hybridized with the pig type-specific probe ppra and had pig type restriction profiles and rdna patterns. it was therefore identified as a domestic or pig type isolate. the isolate ctrd-85 had similarities and differences in restriction profiles and rdna patterns with both af1 and trichinella nelsoni and was identified as a sylvatic type. ... | 1990 | 2299526 |
| third outbreak of trichinellosis caused by consumption of horse meat in italy. | the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the largest italian outbreak of human trichinellosis which occurred in northern italy in august 1986 are reported. about 300 people who ate raw horse meat were involved. the clinical and biological aspects of 161 patients were studied. none died. the causal parasite, isolated from a patient, was identified through isoenzymatic typing as trichinella nelsoni. fever, oedema, myalgia and headache were the most common signs and symptoms. the fluorescent ant ... | 1988 | 3041893 |
| prospective rheumatological study of muscle and joint symptoms during trichinella nelsoni infection. | one hundred and fifty patients were assessed during an outbreak of trichinella infection in northern italy. the aetiological agent was proved to be t. nelsoni. a detailed prospective rheumatological study was carried out. myalgia was observed in 88 per cent, muscle weakness in 60 per cent, myositis in 62 per cent and arthralgia in 20 per cent of the patients. the arthralgia score was strictly related to myalgias-myositis. the degree of myositis correlated with the degree of hypereosinophilia. mu ... | 1988 | 3270084 |
| allergenic cross-reactivity of several strains of trichinella in mice and rats by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis technique. | the cross-reactivity of antiparasite ige antibody responses induced by allergenic antigens obtained from trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis was determined by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca) technique in bcf1 mice infected with t. spiralis, trichinella nelsoni, trichinella nativa, and t. pseudospiralis and in rats infected with t. spiralis and t. pseudospiralis. our results demonstrate that when the antigen used for the pca challenge is derived from muscular l1 larvae of ... | 1988 | 3338853 |
| [epidemiology of trichinosis in italy: correlation between the wild cycle and man]. | in italy trichinellosis is a zoonosis caused by trichinella nelsoni, with an exclusively sylvatic cycle involving wild and synanthropic animals (fox, wolf, stray dog, wild boar, foraging pig). the recent increase and diffusion of wild boar population in all italy, have caused two human epidemic foci of trichinellosis involving about 100 persons in the years 1985-1986. the custom of eating fox meat have caused other human infections. the results of serological examinations of wild boar population ... | 1987 | 3426077 |
| effect of clofibrate and hydrocortisone on intestinal trichinellosis in mice. | these investigations show the immunosuppressive effects of clofibrate (cpib) and hydrocortisone on the intestinal cycle of trichinella nelsoni. they demonstrate an effect of cpib similar to that of hydrocortisone in the establishment of the muscular and intestinal phase of this parasite. a higher retention rate of intestinal adult worms was observed in hydrocortisone-treated mice. these facts are consistent with the idea that cpib can act on diverse immune cells, involving both thymus-dependent ... | 1986 | 3727346 |
| comparative study of the fatty acids of trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa and trichinella nelsoni. | | 1985 | 4072214 |
| effect of clofibrate on the endogenous cycle of trichinella spiralis and trichinella nelsoni. | | 1985 | 4072224 |
| [findings on an epidemic of human trichinelliasis verified in italy]. | the present article completes the information already given in previous papers (mantovani et al., 1976; bellani et al., 1977; mantovani, 1978) and is connected with the research on the infection of horses by pampiglione et al. (1978). in september 1975 an epidemic of trichinellosis involving at least 89 people was reported at bagnolo in piano (reggio emilia). this present article describes the epidemiological investigations. in the introductory part, the trichinellosis outbreaks are summarized w ... | 1980 | 7031569 |
| trichinella nelsoni britov et boev, 1972 in czechoslovakia. | | 1980 | 7364347 |
| identification of trichinella isolates from naturally infected stray dogs in egypt. | larvae of trichinella species recovered from the diaphragms of 2 stray dogs killed during a governmental antirabies campaign in cairo, egypt, were fed to white mice for production of adult worms and larvae for morphological and isoenzyme studies. comparisons were made with reference species of trichinella spiralis, trichinella nelsoni, trichinella nativa, and trichinella pseudospiralis. results indicated that the 2 trichinella specimens from the dogs were morphologically and biochemically identi ... | 1994 | 8308650 |
| trichinella nelsoni in carnivores from the serengeti ecosystem, tanzania. | a survey of trichinellosis among sylvatic carnivore mammals from the serengeti ecosystem (tanzania) demonstrated the presence of trichinella nelsoni in 5 of 9 species examined. muscle samples were collected from carcasses of 56 carnivores from 1993 to 1995 and frozen before transport and examination. following artificial digestion of the samples, collected larvae were analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dna technique. trichinella nelsoni was identified in 1 bat-eared fox (otocyon megalo ... | 1997 | 9406805 |
| current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in south africa and namibia. | epidemiological data on food-borne parasitic zoonoses in countries of southern africa are sporadic. in a study of toxoplasmosis in south africa, there was an overall prevalence of 21% (2, 147/10,228). prevalences vary between the different cultural groups and from one geographical region to another. the prevalence rate for the san (bushmen) people of namibia and botswana was 9% (65/725) compared to the 30% (190/635) found in the indian and black communities of kwazulu-natal province, south afric ... | 1997 | 9656339 |
| the detection of trichinella with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers constructed using sequences of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) or sequences of complementary dna encoding excretory-secretory (e-s) glycoproteins. | diagnostic pcr primers for trichinella were constructed. twelve pairs of primers were designed based on the sequences of random amplified polymorphic dna, and 4 pairs of primers were designed based on the reported sequences of complementary dna encoding excretory-secretory glycoproteins. with these primers, 31 samples of dna from different strains of trichinella including 5 species (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi, trichinella nativa, trichinella nelsoni and trichinella pseudospiralis) ... | 1998 | 9778640 |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) for the identification of trichinella isolates. | in the present study, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis was developed to identify 5 species (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi, trichinella nativa, trichinella nelsoni and trichinella pseudospiralis) and 3 phenotypes of uncertain taxonomic status (trichinella t5, t6, and t8). eleven restriction endonucleases were used to restrict 3 dna fragments (1) a 2800 bp fragment of the 43 kda excretory-secretory (e-s) protein gene, (2) a 1250 bp ... | 1999 | 10028536 |
| identification of trichinella isolates by polymerase chain reaction--restriction fragment length polymorphism of the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit i gene. | we developed a polymerase chain reaction based approach using restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit i to identify nine genotypes (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi-european strains, trichinella britovi-japanese strains, trichinella nativa, trichinella nelsoni, trichinella t5, trichinella t6, trichinella t8 and trichinella pseudospiralis) in the genus trichinella. partial mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit i genes of nine genot ... | 1999 | 10501621 |
| trichinella murrelli n. sp: etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis in temperate areas of north america. | trichinella t5, collected from sylvatic carnivores in north america, was identified previously as a different phenotype of trichinella, with an uncertain taxonomic level due to the availability of only 2 isolates. cross-breeding experiments carried out with single female and male larvae of 2 strains of trichinella t5, with single female and male larvae of 2 strains of trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa, trichinella britovi, trichinella pseudospiralis, trichinella nelsoni, and trichinella t ... | 2000 | 10701576 |
| infectivity, persistence, and antibody response to domestic and sylvatic trichinella spp. in experimentally infected pigs. | groups of pigs were inoculated with genotypes of trichinella belonging to: trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa, trichinella britovi, trichinella pseudospiralis (from caucasus), t. pseudospiralis (from usa), trichinella murrelli, trichinella sp. (from north america), and trichinella nelsoni. the pigs were sacrificed between 5 and 40weeks p.i., and the number of muscle larvae per gram (l.p.g.) of tissue was determined as an average of 18 muscles. all trichinella genotypes were infective for p ... | 2000 | 10704604 |
| molecular investigation of african isolates of trichinella reveals genetic polymorphism in trichinella nelsoni. | molecular genetic studies were carried out on three isolates of trichinella nelsoni (from kenya, tanzania and south africa) and three isolates of trichinella t8 (from south africa and namibia) from sylvatic carnivores and from a sylvatic swine. a probe (pt7.3) specific for t. nelsoni was obtained by screening a puc18 genomic library. the pt7.3 sequence was 346 bp in length with an at content of 70%. the sequence is present approximately 200 times per haploid genome. southern blot analysis of hin ... | 2000 | 10779583 |
| factors affecting the flow among domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic cycles of trichinella. | nematodes of the genus trichinella are maintained in nature by sylvatic or domestic cycles. the sylvatic cycle is widespread on all continents, from frigid to torrid zones, and it is maintained by cannibalism and scavenging behavior of carnivores. trichinella is primarily a parasite of carnivorous mammals, although one non-encapsulated species, trichinella pseudospiralis, has also been detected in birds. the anaerobic metabolism of larvae in nurse cells allows their survival in extremely decayed ... | 2000 | 11099840 |
| sylvatic and domestic trichinella spp. in wild boars; infectivity, muscle larvae distribution, and antibody response. | thirty-six wild boars were inoculated with trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa, trichinella britovi, trichinella pseudospiralis (ussr), t. pseudospiralis (usa), t. pseudospiralis (aust), trichinella murrelli, trichinella t6, and trichinella nelsoni. the wild boars were killed at 5 and 10 wk postinoculation (pi), and the number of muscle larvae per g (lpg) of tissue was determined for 18 muscles or muscle groups. five weeks pi, all trichinella genotypes had established as muscle larvae, but ... | 2001 | 11318560 |
| new patterns of trichinella infection. | human and animal trichinellosis should be considered as both an emerging and reemerging disease. the reemergence of the domestic cycle has been due to an increased prevalence of trichinella spiralis, which has been primarily related to a breakdown of government veterinary services and state farms (e.g., in countries of the former ussr, bulgaria, romania), economic problems and war (e.g., in countries of the former yugoslavia), resulting in a sharp increase in the occurrence of this infection in ... | 2001 | 11516583 |
| tolerance to low temperatures of domestic and sylvatic trichinella spp. in rat muscle tissue. | the present study was designed to investigate the tolerance to low temperatures of 9 trichinella isolates in rat muscle tissue. nine groups of 24 rats were infected with encapsulated trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa, trichinella britovi, trichinella murrelli, trichinella t6, trichinella nelsoni, and 3 nonencapsulated trichinella pseudospiralis strains. six rats from each of the groups were necropsied at 5, 10, 20, and 40 wk postinfection (wpi). muscle tissues containing trichinella larva ... | 2003 | 14533685 |
| biochemical analysis of encapsulated and non-encapsulated species of trichinella (nematoda, trichinellidae) from cold- and warm-blooded animals reveals a high genetic divergence in the genus. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to analyse genetic variation in the genus trichinella. twenty-eight isolates belonging to eight species and six genotypes were analysed for 12 enzyme systems, producing 19 different phenotypes. according to jaccard's similarity index, the isolates clustered into two main groups, specifically, encapsulated species/genotypes and non-encapsulated species/genotypes. furthermore, the non-encapsulated species clustered into two other groups: the species infec ... | 2003 | 14557876 |
| trichinella britovi etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis in the republic of guinea (west africa) and a re-evaluation of geographical distribution for encapsulated species in africa. | in west africa, trichinella infection was documented in humans and animals from senegal in the 1960s, and the biological characters of one isolate showed a lower infectivity to domestic pigs and rodents when compared with that of a trichinella spiralis pig isolate from europe. to identify the trichinella species present in west africa, a survey was conducted in a total of 160 wild animals in the republic of guinea. three viverridae, one true civet (viverra civetta) and two african palm civets (n ... | 2005 | 15964575 |
| muscle distribution of sylvatic and domestic trichinella larvae in production animals and wildlife. | only a few studies have compared the muscle distribution of the different trichinella genotypes. in this study, data were obtained from a series of experimental infections in pigs, wild boars, foxes and horses, with the aim of evaluating the predilection sites of nine well-defined genotypes of trichinella. necropsy was performed at 5, 10, 20 and 40 weeks post inoculation. from all host species, corresponding muscles/muscle groups were examined by artificial digestion. in foxes where all trichine ... | 2005 | 15979801 |
| effects of raw biles and their non-protein fractions from fox, pig, sheep and chicken on the survival of trichinella spp. in vitro. | the in vitro differential effect of fox, pig, sheep and chicken bile and corresponding non-protein fractions at various concentrations on the motility of released muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa and trichinella nelsoni was examined. in many cases, the percentages of motile (live) larvae of the three trichinella species cultured in the presence of the non-protein fractions of bile from the study animals were significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to their respective con ... | 2005 | 16009493 |
| molecular characterization of trichinella genotypes by inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (issr-pcr). | a bulk analysis of inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (issr-pcr) provides a quick, reliable, and highly informative system for dna banding patterns that permit species identification. the present study evaluates the applicability of this system to trichinella species identification. after a single amplification carried out on a single larva with the primer 816([ca]nry) under high stringency conditions, which provide high reproducibility, we were able to identify by consistent ... | 2006 | 16884006 |
| [methods and tools for parasite differentiation within the genus trichinella]. | this review summarizes the major biological, biochemical and molecular methods which have been developed during last 20 years to distinguish parasites of the genus trichinella. from the time of the discovery of trichinella in 1835 until the 1970, it was assumed that trichinellosis was caused by a single species of parasite, trichinella spiralis. many biological parameters have been compared to differentiate the parasite, such as host specificity, geographical distribution, reproductive abilities ... | 2006 | 17432239 |
| trichinella nelsoni and trichinella t8 mixed infection in a lion (panthera leo) of the kruger national park (south africa). | in south africa, trichinella sp. was first discovered in 1966 in the wildlife of the kruger national park (knp). since then, both trichinella t8 and trichinella nelsoni have been detected in the knp, leading to a debate on the existence of a gene flow between the two taxa. in 2006-2008, four lions were killed in the manyeleti game reserve, the mthethomusha nature reserve, numbi gate, and skukuza, which border the knp. larvae were isolated from muscles by artificial digestion. the molecular ident ... | 2009 | 19041185 |
| trichinella zimbabwensis in a naturally infected mammal. | trichinella zimbabwensis has been detected in wild and farmed nile crocodiles (crocodylus niloticus) and in wild monitor lizards (varanus niloticus) of several african countries, but it has never been detected in mammals in nature, in spite of its infectivity to rodents, pigs, foxes and monkeys under laboratory conditions. the aim of this work was to describe the first detection of t. zimbabwensis in a naturally infected lion (panthera leo) of the kruger national park (knp) of south africa. the ... | 2010 | 19580688 |
| first report of a mixed infection of trichinella nelsoni and trichinella t8 in a leopard (panthera pardus) from the greater kruger national park, south africa. | at least three trichinella species, namely trichinella nelsoni, trichinella britovi and trichinella zimbabwensis, and one genotype (trichinella t8), have been isolated from sylvatic carnivores on the african continent. with the exception of t. britovi, the other species are known to circulate in wildlife of the kruger national park (knp), south africa, and knp neighbouring game reserves (collectively known as the greater knp area). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) appear ... | 2014 | 25686214 |
| first report of a mixed infection of <i>trichinella nelsoni</i> and <i>trichinella</i> t8 in a leopard (<i>panthera pardus</i>) from the greater kruger national park, south africa. | at least three trichinella species, namely trichinella nelsoni, trichinella britovi and trichinella zimbabwensis, and one genotype (trichinella t8), have been isolated from sylvatic carnivores on the african continent. with the exception of t. britovi, the other species are known to circulate in wildlife of the kruger national park (knp), south africa, and knp neighbouring game reserves (collectively known as the greater knp area). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) appear ... | 2014 | 28235280 |
| trichinella infections in animals and humans in sub-saharan africa: a review. | the aim of this review is to provide information on trichinella infection in humans, livestock and wildlife in sub-saharan africa mainly focusing on geographical distribution of species/genotypes, biology, host range, life cycles and to identify research gaps. trichinella britovi, trichinella nelsoni and trichinella zimbabwensis and one genotype (trichinella t8) are known to occur in sub-saharan africa. distinct geographic ranges with overlapping of some taxa in some areas have been observed. ge ... | 2013 | 23041114 |