| the exsheathment of brugia pahangi microfilariae under controlled conditions in vitro. | two reproducible techniques for the exsheathment in vitro of microfilariae of brugia pahangi, and other sheathed microfilariae, are described. microfilariae were isolated from infected cat blood by filtration and suspended in hank's balanced salt solution. the first technique involved the incubation of isolated microfilariae for one hour in 20 mm cacl2 in a phosphate-free balanced salt solution, during which time approximately 90% of the microfilariae lost their sheaths. the second method of exs ... | 1979 | 573989 |
| evaluation of the intrathoracic injection method for screening of filaricides. | intrathoracic injection technique was utilized to examine its value in screening of antifilaria drugs in litomosoides carinii in the cotton rat, sigmodon hispidus, using existing filaricides such as diethylcarbamazine, mel w. metrifonate, suramin, arsenics and antimonials. diethylcarbamazine at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 5 days given intrathoracically caused marked decrease of more than 95% of the microfilaria count in the blood 1 week after the initial injection which is the same effect as was obs ... | 1978 | 748620 |
| litomosoides carinii microfilaraemia and pyridoxin deficiency. | | 1978 | 705854 |
| preliminary identification and characterization of antigen extracts from onchocerca volvulus. | sequential extraction of onchocerca volvulus from skin nodules with buffers of different ionic strength resulted in a mixture of antigens which reacted in double immunodiffusion with sera from proven cases of onchocerciasis, the number of precipitation lines varied from 1 to 5. triton x-100 detached mainly cationic antigen proteins. it reduced the molecular size of many antigenic proteins, but did not effect their antigenicity. labelling of the extracted proteins with high specific activity 125i ... | 1976 | 824771 |
| effect of diethylcarbamazine on the microfilariae of litomosoides carinii in mastomys natalensis: dynamics of cell adhesion, immobilization and elimination of microfilariae. | | 1978 | 644656 |
| host-parasite relations in cotton rat filariasis. iii. the quantitative transmission of litomosoides carinii to un-irradiated and irradiated golden hamsters and white mice. | the quantitative transmission of litomosoides carinii by liponyssus bacoti to un-irradiated and irradiated hamsters and mice is described. both young and adult, un-irradiated and irradiated hamsters were highly susceptible to l. carinii but mice (un-irradiated or irradiated) were poor hosts. all hamsters (18 un-irradiated and seven irradiated) became infected. seven out of nine mice in an un-irradiated series became infected. there was apparently 'age resistance' or 'young susceptibility' in the ... | 1979 | 496489 |
| respiratory quotient of some tissues of the albino rat during the latent phase of infection with filarial parasite (litomosoides carinii). | | 1977 | 606678 |
| chemotherapeutic studies on litomosoides carinii infection of mastomys natalensis. 7. filaricidal activity of furazolidone. | investigations were carried out on the filaricidal activity of furazolidone against litomosoides carinii infection in mastomys natalensis. oral administration of the drug in daily doses of 25, 50, 75, and 150 mg/kg body weight on 5 consecutive days revealed respectively 96,4, 99,3 and, with the two later doses, 100% reduction of macrofilariae in the pleural cavities, and produced a continuing dose-dependant decrease of microfilaraemia in the circulating blood. after oral doses of 5 x 50 mg/kg, a ... | 1978 | 675840 |
| litomosoides carinii: effect of splenectomy on the ability of naive mastomys natalensis to accept transplanted adults. | | 1978 | 680080 |
| comparative utilization of pyruvate by brugia pahangi, dipetalonema viteae, and litomosoides carinii. | the metabolism of pyruvate by the adult filarial parasites brugia pahangi, dipetalonema viteae, and litomosoides carinii has been compared. istopic carbon-balance studies indicate the presence of significant pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in l. carinii but little or no activity in either b. pahangi or d. viteae. in all 3 helminths, the quantities of pyruvate that were completely oxidized to co2 and water were very small. the activities of some of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes of b. pahan ... | 1979 | 571909 |
| [experiments in vitro with litomosoides carinii (nematoda: filarioidea). i. maintenance of adult females and microfilariae as well as release of microfilariae in different culture media (author's transl)]. | embryos of l. carinii continue intrauterine development to microfilariae and are totally released into the medium within 5--6 days when the latter (tc 199) is changed daily and air is used as the gas phase. oogenesis or further fertilization of eggs, however, does not occur in vitro in any of the media examined by us. one female releases 140 x 10(3) microfilaria/day on an average in vitro within 5--6 days. mean initial numbers of 300 x 10(3) mf/female/day are observed. addition of equine serum i ... | 1978 | 654425 |
| [simultaneous infection of mastomys natalensis with dipetalonema witei and litomosoides carinii (author's transl)]. | mastomys natalensis that has been described by lämmler et al. (1968) as suitable host for litomosoides carinii can also serve as final host for dipetalonema witei. at the end of the prepatency period the microfilaraemia increased as rapidly in mastomys as in the original final host meriones persicus. maximal microfilaraemia was observed earlier in mastomys (120 days p.inf.) than in meriones (250 days p.inf.). accordingly microfilariae counts decreased more rapidly in mastomys. the maximal counts ... | 1979 | 575582 |
| the effects of stibophen on phosphofructokinases and aldolases of adult filariids. | trivalent organic antimonials, such as stibophen, have been employed for the chemotherapy of schistosome and filariid infections. the effects of stibophen on adult litomosoides carinii, dipetalonema witei (= viteae), and brugia pahangi were examined. in vitro, lactate accumulation was markedly inhibited by the antimonials as was phosphofructokinase activities in homogenates. incubation of filariids with stibophen and determination of internal concentrations of hexose phosphate also indicated a d ... | 1975 | 171364 |
| suppression of immune response to sheep erythrocytes in litomosoides carinii infected albino rats. | | 1976 | 992745 |
| the carbohydrate metabolism of brugia pahangi microfilariae. | evidence is presented that the microfilariae of litomosoides carinii, dipetalonema viteae and brugia pahangi have an aerobic requirement for motility, but possibly not for survival. in addition, the data suggest that in an in vitro anaerobic environment, b. pahangi microfilariae ferment glucose only as far as lactate. in an aerobic environment, however, the data are consistent with a portion of glucose being dissimilated via a one step oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate formed from glycolysis ... | 1977 | 191584 |
| chemotherapeutic studies on litomosoides carinii infection of mastomys natalensis. 8. the action of furazolidone on adult worms and microfilariae. | after oral administration of furazolidone in doses of 5 x 50 mg/kg and 1 x 100 mg/kg body weight to litomosoides carinii--infected mastomys natalensis microfilaraemia decreased continuously and was reduced by more than 98% 42 days after start of treatment. after the 5-day treatment all adult female and male worms were found dead and encapsulated within 2 weeks, whereas after the single dose 100% of the female parasites were encapsulated 28 days after treatment. in untreated animals quantiative e ... | 1979 | 543002 |
| neutralization of immunity against microfilariae of the rodent filaria litomosoides carinii. | | 1979 | 537645 |
| mebendazole--a slow acting macro- and microfilaricide against litomosoides carinii in cotton rat. | | 1979 | 529491 |
| [chemoprophylactic activity of filaricidal compounds on litomosoides carinii infection of mastomys natalensis (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 70091 |
| observations on third-stage larvae and adults of litomosoides carinii (nematoda: filarioidea) by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. | the morphology of the body wall of the infective third-stage larvae and adults of litomosoides carinii was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the mouth of both stages is surrounded by four inner papillae and two outer papillae; a pair of amphidial glands open laterally between the inner papillae. female larvae and adults have two lateral caudal papillae; male larvae have a single ventral one, and adult males have two ventro-lateral lines of caudal papillae. the larval cuti ... | 1991 | 1888208 |
| immune reactions in human filariasis. | sera from cases of elephantiasis due to wuchereria bancrofti infection promoted an intense adhesion of peripheral blood leukocytes to w. bancrofti microfilariae in vitro. a similar adhesion was also seen using sera from some normal persons living for several years in areas where filariasis is endemic. no such adhesion was evident with sera from microfilaria carriers or from normal subjects from nonendemic areas. the adhesion was complement independent and was associated with the immunoglobulin g ... | 1978 | 359589 |
| cellular morphology in pleural exudate of albino rats infected with litomosoides carinii. | | 1976 | 982522 |
| glycolytic end products of the adult dog heartworm, dirofilaria immitis. | 1. adult dog heartworms remained alive and motile for 24 hr without oxygen present and with only glucose available as a substrate. 2. lactate accounted for 55% of the carbon from the 1-14c-glucose utilized in 1 hr and 14co2 for 1.9%. 3. only traces of 14c were found in glycogen and no net accumulation of acetate was demonstrated. 4. dirofilaria immitis resembles litomosoides carinii in the percent of utilized glucose appearing as lactate but is more akin to brugia pahangi and dipetalonema viteae ... | 1979 | 122581 |
| host-parasite relations in cotton rat filariasis. ii: the quantitative transmission of litomosoides carinii to delhi and carworth strains of white rats, including the effect of age. | delhi and carworth strains of white rats were exposed quantitatively to infection with litomosoides carinii and their susceptibility compared. liponyssus bacoti (= ornithonyssus bacoti) mites of known (calculated) intensities of infection were used for transmission. the relation between the calculated exposure (= transmission intensity) and the number of adult worms recovered from each rat was established. adults of both strains of white rat were much "poorer" hosts than cotton rats. all 24 carw ... | 1976 | 971001 |
| antifilarial agents. 1,2-cyclobutanediamines as analogues of diethylcarbamazine. status of structure-activity relationships among diethylcarbamazine analogues. | cis-and trans-1,2-cyclobutanediamines bearing appropriate n-methyl and n-acyl substituents were prepared as analogues of diethylcarbamazine (dec). none displayed activity against litomosoides carinii in the gerbil despite substantial structural and sterochemical similarities to the parent drug. the inactivity of these drugs is rationalized in terms of eclipsed pharmacophore configurations and the increased population of unfavorable rotational conformations made possible by the exocyclic position ... | 1977 | 903919 |
| antifilarial agents. 3-aminopyrrolidine and 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives as analogues of diethylcarbamazine. | 3-aminopyrrolidines bearing acyl substituents on either nitrogen and n-acylated 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes are potent microfilaricides in the litomosoides carinii gerbil test system but have no effect on adult worms. the high activity of the pyrrolidine derivatives establishes that diethylcarbamazine (dec) like antifilarial activity does not require that both pharmacophores be incorporated into one ring. results with the 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes establish that an axial conformation of ... | 1977 | 903920 |
| litomosoides carinii: biogenic amines in microfilariae and adults. | | 1977 | 891708 |
| host-parasite relations in cotton rat filariasis. i: the quantitative transmission and subsequent development of litomosoides carinii infections in cotton rats and other laboratory animals. | this paper introduces the long-term and continuing studies of the authors and their colleagues on several aspects of the host-parasite relations in cotton rat filariasis. five methods are described for the calculation of the number of infective larvae of litomosoides carinii transmitted to cotton rats and other laboratory animals by groups of liponyssus bacoti mites. the relation between the calculated transmission intensities and the number of worms recovered from individual infected animals ha ... | 1976 | 971000 |
| [chemotherapeutic studies on litomosoides carinii infection of mastomys natalensis. 5. alterations of haematological parameters after the administration of filaricidal compounds (author's transl)]. | the peripheral blood picture of multimammate rats (mastomys natalensis) infected with litomosoides carinii was studied. changes were followed in patent infections from 64 to 176 days after infection in animals treated with diethylcarbamazine (5 x 100 mg/kg per os), hoe 258 v (5 x 10 mg/kg subcutaneously), suramin (5 x 40 mg/kg subcutaneously) and with a combined treatment of diethylcarbamazine and suramin. in addition, haematological changes were followed in non-infected animals treated with sur ... | 1975 | 1096385 |
| litomosoides carinii: effect of irradiation on the development and immunogenicity of the larval forms. | | 1977 | 891713 |
| serum-dependent adhesion and cytotoxicity of cells to litomosoides carinii microfilariae. | | 1976 | 944376 |
| studies in potential filaricides. 6. synthesis of 3,8-disubstituted 1,3,8-triazabicyclo(4.4.0)decan-2-ones and -thiones. | 1,3,8-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2-ones and -thiones varying substituents at positions 3 and 8 have been synthesized. when tested in cotton rats for their antifilarial activity against litomosoides carinii, some of the compounds showed moderate microfilaricidal activity. | 1975 | 1159712 |
| fate of litomosoides carinii adults transplanted into the pleural or peritoneal cavity of infected and naive multimammate rats (mastomys natalensis). | in each of 4 experiments, 58 multimammate rats (mastomys natalensis) were subdivided into 5 groups. thirty-four rats were infected with litomosoides carinii and infections were allowed to become patent. ten days after patency adult worms were surgically transferred from donor rats to each of 1 group of infected rats and 1 group of naive rats. groups of infected and naive rats served as controls. transfers were made either intrapleurally or intraperitoneally. samples of blood and tissues were tak ... | 1976 | 1003278 |
| effect of ivermectin on filariae of mastomys natalensis. | the efficacy of ivermectin (iv) was evaluated against four species of filariae, litomosoides carinii, acanthocheilonema viteae, brugia pahangi and brugia malayi in mastomys natalensis. animals with patent infections, induced with l3 larvae, by intravenous (iv) infusion of the respective microfilariae (mf) (5 x 10(4) mf per animal) or by intraperitoneal (ip) route (2 x 10(4) mf per animal) were used in this study. a single dose of iv (100 micrograms.kg-1) given subcutaneously (sc) to mastomys inf ... | 1990 | 2381895 |
| trans-splicing of an early embryo mrna in litomosoides carinii, coding for the major microfilarial sheath protein gp22. | both genomic and cdna clones have been isolated encoding the major sheath glycoprotein, gp22, of litomosoides carinii microfilariae. the mature gp22 mrna is shown to result from both trans-splicing of a 22-nucleotide 5'-leader sequence to an acceptor site at position 313 of the pre-mrna, immediately upstream from the start codon, and from cis-splicing of a 117-nt intron located within the coding sequence. cis-splicing precedes the trans-splicing reaction. the gp22 reading frame of 148 codons has ... | 1992 | 1446819 |
| antioxidant system of litomosoides carinii and setaria cervi: effect of a macrofilaricidal agent. | filarial parasites, litomosoides carinii and setaria cervi, showed great susceptibility to the oxidants generated in vitro by the xanthine/xanthine-oxidase system. in order to counteract such injurious effects, both the filariids possessed an active antioxidant enzymes system. superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were detected in appreciable amounts but glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in very low quantities. the former three enzymes were also foun ... | 1992 | 1496806 |
| brugia pahangi: production of a monoclonal antibody reactive with the surface of infective larvae. | monoclonal antibodies against infective third-stage larvae (l3) of brugia pahangi were generated from mice immunized with l3 antigens. the monoclonal antibodies were l3 stage-specific or stage-nonspecific. a bpg1 monoclonal antibody (igg1 subclass) showing l3 stage-specificity was examined in detail. bpg1 recognized the surface of b. pahangi l3 and also reacted with the surface of brugia malayi l3 but not with the surface of filarial worms of other genera, such as acanthocheilonema viteae and li ... | 1992 | 1639160 |
| litomosoides carinii: an approach to quantitatively controlled infections in jirds. | | 1976 | 957047 |
| a simple method for collecting infective larvae of litomosoides carinii. | a method is described whereby substantial quantities of infective larvae of litomosoides carinii can be obtained with relative ease. in each of 2 separate experiments, over 5,000 infective larvae were recovered by soaking the pelts of 5 or 7 mongolian jirds (meriones unguiculatus) that had been exposed for 6 or 7 hr to infected tropical rat mites (ornithonyssus bacoti). the mites had been infected either 7 to 8 or 9 to 10 days earlier by exposure to jirds with patent infections. ninety-four perc ... | 1976 | 957037 |
| epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-links in litomosoides carinii microfilarial sheaths. | | 1992 | 1438156 |
| synthesis and biological activity of certain alkyl 5-(alkoxycarbonyl)-1h-benzimidazole-2-carbamates and related derivatives: a new class of potential antineoplastic and antifilarial agents. | a series of methyl and ethyl 5-(alkoxycarbonyl)-1h-benzimidazole-2-carbamates (7-19) and methyl 5-carbamoyl-1h-benzimidazole-2-carbamates (24-34) have been synthesized via the reaction of an appropriate alcohol or amine with the acid chloride derivatives 6a or 6b at room temperature. reaction of an alcohol with acid chloride 6a at reflux temperature afforded transesterified products 20-23 in good yield. treatment of methyl 5-amino-1h-benzimidazole-2-carbamate with substituted benzoyl chlorides f ... | 1992 | 1738146 |
| in vitro effects of 2-tert-butyl-benzothiazole derivatives on microfilariae of litomosoides carinii, brugia malayi and acanthocheilonema viteae. | six 2-tert-butyl-benzothiazole derivatives (2-tert-butyl-6-iso-thiocyanato-5-methyl-benzothiazole cgp 21306); 3-[(2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-benzothiazole-6-yl) aminothiocarbonylthiol] propionic acid (cgp 21835); 2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-6-(n-methyl-piperazinyl-thiocarbonylamino)-b enzothiazole (cgp 21833); 2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-6-(4-dimethylamino-piperid-1-yl-thiocarbo nylamino)- benzothiazole (cgp 26702); cgp 20376, the 5-methoxy analogue to cgp 21835 and cgp 20309, the 5-methoxy analogue to cgp 21833 ... | 1991 | 1772466 |
| a major litomosoides carinii microfilarial sheath glycoprotein (gp22): amino terminal sequence and immunological studies with corresponding synthetic peptides. | the major glycoprotein of the sheath of litomosoides carinii microfilariae (gp22) was analysed for its amino acid and amino sugar composition. it is rich in proline, glutamine/glutamic acid and glycine and contains (n-acetyl)galactosamine. the n-terminal amino acid sequence was determined up to position 37. it consists of a group of 6 repeats of the pentapeptide sequence methionine-glycine-proline-glutamine-proline with two minor modifications in repeats 3-6, while the first two repeats follow t ... | 1991 | 1780176 |
| chemotherapeutic studies on litomosoides carinii infection of mastomys natalensis. 6. the filaricidal activity of organophosphorus compounds. | several organophosphorus compounds have been evaluated for their efficacy against micro- and macrofilariae in experimental investigations on litomosoides carinii infection in the multimammate rat mastomys natalensis. the anthelmintic haloxon proved to be the most effective compound with high activity against microfilariae and a favourable chemotherapeutic range. the organophosphates fenthion, dursban, metrifonate, coumaphos, crufomate and naphthalophos also showed pronounced microfilaricidal act ... | 1975 | 1189030 |
| litomosoides carinii: extraction of the microfilarial sheath components and antigenicity of the sheath fractions. | microfilarial sheaths of litomosoides carinii were isolated and extracted with 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and 5% 2-mercaptoethanol (2me). extraction with sds alone did not alter the ultrastructure of the sheaths and yielded five polypeptides (27-67 kda) that were not recognized by antibodies of infected hosts but reacted with antibodies to host-serum proteins. 2me treatment caused partial solubilization of the sheaths (45% as determined by amino acid analysis), which could be further improv ... | 1992 | 1438136 |
| chemical composition of litomosoides carinii microfilarial sheaths. | litomosoides carinii microfilariae were exsheathed by freezing and thawing, and the sheaths were separated by filtration. samples of pure sheaths thus obtained were hydrolyzed, methanolyzed or oxidized with nitric acid under pressure at 300 degrees c, respectively, and were analyzed for amino acids, sugars, fatty acids or for metal ions and phosphorus. almost 75% of the sheath dry weight could thus be accounted for. amino acids (55 weight %) were the major constituents, and amongst these glutami ... | 1992 | 1348600 |
| the role of amino acids in the energy generating pathways of litomosoides carinii. | the filarial parasite litomosoides carinii was able to survive for longer than 15 h in basic filarial medium (bfm) containing either glutamine or alanine as a sole substrate. the filariids were more motile in bfm containing glucose, but even higher motility was recorded in media containing both glucose and glutamine. incubations under aerobic conditions showed that radiolabelled glutamine was metabolised primarily to co2. in addition, small amounts of lactate and acetate were excreted in almost ... | 1990 | 2117254 |
| recovery of adult stages and microfilaraemia after low dose inoculation of third stage larvae of litomosoides carinii in sigmodon hispidus. | because of the negative binomial distribution of filarial third stage larvae (l3) in their vectors, under natural conditions only a few are usually transferred per bite. after an inoculation of 5 l3 per animal into eight host animals at least one developed a long lasting patency based on one reproductive female only. after an inoculation of 15 l3, three of eight animals developed long lasting patency, harbouring between two and five fertile females. the rates of adult stages recovered were 0.43 ... | 1991 | 1940253 |
| antifilarial efficacy in vitro of 2-tert-butyl-benzothiazole derivatives on adult litomosoides carinii. | six 2-tert-butyl-benzothiazole derivatives (2-tert-butyl-6-isothiocyanato-5-methyl-benzothiazole (cgp 21306); 3-[(2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-benzothiazole-6-yl)aminothiocar-bonyl thiol] propionic acid (cgp 21835); 2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-6-(n-methyl-piperazinyl-thiocarbonylamino)- benzothiazole(cgp 21833); 2-tert-butyl-5-methyl-6-(4-dimethylamino-piperid-1-yl-thiocarbo nylamino)- benzothiazole (cgp 26702); cgp 20376, the 5-methoxy analogue to cgp 21835 and cgp 20309, the 5-methoxy analogue to cgp 21833 ... | 1991 | 1781804 |
| fine-structure alterations in female brugia malayi and litomosoides carinii after in vivo treatment with flubendazole. | female filariae of the species brugia malayi and litomosoides carinii were investigated by means of electron microscopy after in vivo treatment with flubendazole. the earliest fine-structure alteration in both species was the disappearance of microtubuli from the intestinal cells as soon as 6 h after treatment. there was no further disintegration of intestinal cells for several days. microtubuli disappeared from the outer zone of the hypodermal cytoplasm 24 h after treatment. at this time, marke ... | 1990 | 2352917 |
| chemotherapy of filariasis--on the search of new agents effective on the reproductive system of female adult worms. | the design and synthesis of a series of alkyl 5(6)-substituted benzimidazole-2-carbamates (1-13), 7-chloro-4-(4-substituted phenyl)aminoquinolines (14-16), 1,2-dimethyl-3-methoxy-carbonyl-4,5-disubstituted pyrroles (17-19) and some compounds belonging to the class pimelonitrile (20), dihydroquinoline (21), pyridine (22), pyridoquinoline (23) and tetrahydro-pyrimidine (24) have been carried out as possible antifilarial agents. all these compounds have been evaluated for their activity against mal ... | 1990 | 2095790 |
| igg response of rats to the excretory-secretory products of litomosoides carinii. | the nature of antibody responses to the excretory-secretory (es) products of adult worms and microfilariae (mf) of litomosoides carinii in albino rats and their possible role in protection have been studied. rats were immunized with es products derived from in vitro incubation of adults or mf. the sera from these rats promoted neutrophil-mediated killing of mf in vitro. the antibody responsible for the cytocidal activity was identified as igg isotype. indirect fluorescent antibody test showed th ... | 1990 | 2191288 |
| in vivo effect of benzothiazole and amoscanate derivatives on the fine structure of adult brugia spp. and litomosoides carinii. | alterations in the fine structures of female brugia spp. and litomosoides carinii were investigated after in vivo treatment with curative doses of 4 compounds: cgp 20376 [2-tert-butyl-benzothiazole-5-methoxy-6-dithiocarbamic-s-(2- carboxyethyl)-ester], cgp 21833 (2-tert-butyl-benzothiazole-5-methyl-6- n-methylamino-piperazinylthiocarbonylamide), cgp 6140 [4-nitro-4'-(n-methyl-piperazinylthiocarbonylamido)-diphenylamine] and amoscanate (4-isothiocyanato-4'-nitrodiphenylamine). all compounds cause ... | 1990 | 2352916 |
| evaluation of the potential of excretions-secretions (e-s) of litomosoides carinii to substitute for human filarial e-s. | the antigenic cross-reactivity of the excretions-secretions (e-s) of litomosoides carinii was investigated. immunoprecipitation using pooled sera from a number of human filarial infections in combination with sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) analysis revealed variations in the cross-reactivity of individual molecules. some were specific to l. carinii, the major examples in this category being two e-s components of 140 and 160 kda released by day 40- to 42-day ... | 1989 | 2482972 |
| liver function and plasma protein metabolism in rodent model of filariasis. | rodent model of filariasis was developed by infecting wistar rats with litomosoides carinii. liver function tests, plasma protein concentrations, and synthesis rates of liver-formed proteins were estimated in these rats at 63 and 90 days post-infection. at 63 days post-infection, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased. alanine aminotransferase, plasma total proteins and plasma albumin were in the normal range. however, at 90 days post-infection all these ... | 1989 | 2663707 |
| 2,2'-dicarbomethoxyamino-5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketone--a new antifilarial agent. | the activity of 2,2'-dicarbomethoxyamino-5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketone (ii, c.d.r.i. comp. 82/437) has been evaluated for its micro- and macro-filaricidal efficacy against litomosoides carinii in rodents. a dose of 3 mg/kg (i.p.) and 50 mg/kg (oral) x 5 days of comp. 82/437 was found to eliminate almost 100% of adult worms and microfilariae of l. carinii in cotton rat. it also killed 100% and 97% of adult worms and microfilariae of dipetalonema viteae and brugia malayi in mastomys natalensis resp ... | 1989 | 2575867 |
| the function of non circulating microfilariae: litomosoides carinii (nematoda: filarioidea). | | 1986 | 3536412 |
| antifilarial activities of benzazole derivatives. 2. microfilaricidal effects against litomosoides carinii, acanthocheilonema. vitae, brugia malayi and b. pahangi in mastomys natalensis. | the spectrum of antimicrofilarial activities of eighteen 2-tertbutylbenzazole derivatives was evaluated comparatively in mastomys natalensis infected with litomosoides carinii, acanthocheilonema viteae, brugia malayi or b. pahangi. the minimal effective dose (dem) against microfilariae (greater than 95% reduction of microfilariae counts in the peripheral blood) was determined on day 3 (dem-3), on day 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 (dem-7, dem-14, dem-21, dem-28 and dem-42) after the first treatment. all c ... | 1988 | 3227232 |
| antifilarial activities of synthetic and natural retinoids in vitro. | fourteen synthetic retinoids with known and different binding affinities to retinol binding proteins of dirofilaria immitis, retinol, and retinoic acid were tested in vitro against female litomosoides carinii (drug levels 20, 10, 1 nm/ml) and against microfilariae of l. carinii, brugia malayi, b. pahangi and acanthocheilonema viteae (drug levels 100, 20, 10, 1 nm/ml). all compounds including retinol and retinoic acid had at least some effects on the filarial parasites. except for 3 synthetic ret ... | 1989 | 2617041 |
| identification of a potential protective microfilarial antigen from litomosoides carinii (nematoda, filarioidea). | the proteins of the filarial parasite litomosoides carinii that are presented to the host in the course of a natural infection were assessed by surface and intrinsic labelling, microfilarial agglutination assays and elisa. surface labelling revealed several proteins present on all parasite stages which were recognised by infected animals. only one major surface protein of 55 kd was found on microfilariae, while in all other stages (adult males, adult females and infective larvae isolated from po ... | 1989 | 2662353 |
| 19s and 7s antibody response of mastomys natalensis in experimental filarial (litomosoides carinii, acanthocheilonema viteae, brugia malayi, b. pahangi) infections. | specific total antibody (ab), 19s and 7s ab levels in the serum of m. natalensis were investigated after infection with l. carinii, a. viteae, b. malayi and b. pahangi for period of about 500 days p.i., using elisa (homologous adult antigen) and indirect immunofluorescence tests (iift: homologous adult and microfilariae antigen). total ab levels in l. carinii infected animals rose moderately during prepatency maximum levels occurred during patency. the response during prepatency was stronger in ... | 1989 | 2781895 |
| use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) to distinguish between nematodes of pathogenic significance. | the availability of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) would be useful for studying the extent of diversity among morphologically indistinguishable populations of filarial parasites. such polymorphisms may be useful in correlating various physiological and clinical differences with parasite heterogeneity. in order to identify such rflps, we isolated dna from microfilaria of 6 filarial species (acanthocheilonema viteae, brugia malayi, brugia pahangi, dirofilaria immitis, litomosoid ... | 1988 | 2897655 |
| [comparative data on biogenic amines and gaba in three rodents filariae]. | detection and quantification of biogenic amines and gaba were carried out on three adult filariae litomosoides carinii, acantocheilonema viteae and molinema dessetae obtained from rodents. catecholamines were under the level of detection. indolamines and gaba levels depend on species and sex. results are discussed in relation to the parasitism and localization in the host. | 1991 | 1905185 |
| stage-specific protective immunity to microfilariae of litomosoides carinii in mastomys natalensis. | | 1988 | 3058997 |
| altered immune response (humoral and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions) to sheep red blood cells in the course of experimental filarial infections (litomosoides carinii, brugia malayi, acanthocheilonema viteae) of mastomys natalensis. | litomosoides carinii-, acanthocheilonema viteae- or brugia malayi-infected mastomys natalensis were sensitised against sheep red blood cells (srbc) on various occasions after infection to determine the effect of filarial infections on the immune response to a non-filarial antigen. the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system (res) was controlled in vivo by the elimination of 51cr-labelled srbc. antibody titres against srbc (agglutinating and lytic antibodies) were similar to those o ... | 1989 | 2726721 |
| litomosoides carinii: mode of action in vitro of benzothiazole and amoscanate derivatives with antifilarial activity. | it is suggested that the recently developed benzothiazole and amoscanate derivatives with antifilarial activity exert their action in vitro by an inhibition of mitochondrial-derived respiration. it was confirmed that the drugs cgp 20376, 21835, 20308, 21306, and 6140 cause a rapid immobilization in vitro of the adult filarial worm, litomosoides carinii, the time required being similar to rotenone at the same concentration. the other drugs investigated, cgps 20309, 21833, 24589, 23518, and 13231, ... | 1989 | 2721632 |
| in vitro cultivation of adult litomosoides carinii: evaluation of basic culture media, gas phases and supplements. | adult litomosoides carinii, recovered from cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) 4-5 months post-infection (p.i.), were cultivated in vitro with emphasis on investigations into the development of intra-uterine embryonic stages. baseline values for the embryonic status of female worms were established immediately after recovery from the hosts. in such females, on average, 16% of the intra-uterine stages were fully formed microfilariae while the remainder belonged to the early embryonic classes that wer ... | 1991 | 1945528 |
| effect of milbemycin d against microfilariae of litomosoides carinii. | the filaricidal effect of milbemycin d, a compound closely related to ivermectin, was studied in vivo and in vitro using litomosoides carinii. microfilaria (mf) densities in the peripheral blood of cotton rats, sigmodon hispidus, were reduced to less than 3% of initial densities within 24 hours after treating either subcutaneously or orally at doses of 0.05 to 50 mg/kg body weight. in cotton rats treated with diethylcarbamazine at a single dose of 200 mg/kg, mf densities were reduced transiently ... | 1986 | 3531647 |
| filarial parasites exhibit unusually high levels of choline acetyltransferase activity. | the presence of unusually high levels of choline acetyltransferase (chat, ec 2.3.1.6) in human and animal filarial parasites has been demonstrated. the levels of chat were highest in male worms of brugia malayi and brugia pahangi, with specific activities in crude extracts of about 2.27 and 1.26 mumol min-1 (mg protein)-1, respectively. the enzyme levels in these worms were over 10-20 times higher than in male worms of litomosoides carinii. the chat levels were about 2-5 times higher in male tha ... | 1989 | 2664508 |
| fine structure of adult litomosoides carinii (nematoda: filarioidea). | the fine structure of the body wall and the intestine of male and female litomosoides carinii was studied in sections through the middle and posterior regions of the worms. in the sublateral cells of the female hypodermis the organelles are arranged in regular layers. the zone with the basal labyrinth is the most prominent layer. the intestinal epithelium of the female worm varies considerably in thickness. the cytoplasm of these cells contains many large droplets. the lateral hypodermal chords ... | 1986 | 3751233 |
| on the pathogenesis of anaemia and leukopenia in filarial (litomosoides carinii) infection of mastomys natalensis. | mastomys natalensis infected with the filarial parasite litomosoides carinii show anaemia and leukopenia. alterations start with the onset of microfilaraemia. anaemia is temporally macrocytic (up to 80 days after infection), subsequently normocytic and hypochromic, accompanied by reticulocytosis. increased intravascular haemolysis (i) and functional disorders of the haemopoetic system (ii) are involved in the pathogenesis. i: circulating erythrocytes showed increased osmofragility. hypoglycaemia ... | 1991 | 1853669 |
| characterization of a monoclonal antibody against infective larvae of brugia malayi. | monoclonal antibodies were produced following immunization of mice with live infective larvae of brugia malayi. one of these, 46.08.76, is an antibody that promotes adherence of mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral blood leucocytes to the infective larvae of b. malayi and wuchereria bancrofti, respectively, and kills them. fresh normal serum, as a source of complement, augments this effect. the same monoclonal antibody conferred 89% protection to jirds (meriones unguiculatus) agains ... | 1988 | 3384450 |
| litomosoides carinii in rodents: immunomodulation in potentiating action of diethylcarbamazine. | the antifilarial activity of combination of diethylcarbamazine (dec) and an immunomodulator, n-palmitoylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine (np-mdp) was evaluated against litomosoides carinii in cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus) and mastomys natalensis. dec was used at 6 mg/kg in cotton rat whereas it was 75 mg/kg x 5 days in mastomys. the immunomodulator was administered at 62.5 to 500 micrograms/animal x 2 days. combination therapy with optimum dose of immunomodulator resulted in prolonged and signif ... | 1988 | 3075985 |
| antibody response against litomosoides carinii and the distribution of bound antibodies on microfilariae from the different internal organs of cotton rats. | the courses of igg and igm antibody levels against adult worm and microfilarial antigen were determined in isogenetic cotton rats infected quantitatively with litomosoides carinii. against both antigens, igg as well as igm, antibody levels exceeded significantly those of noninfected animals, and the igg levels were generally higher than the igm levels. the total antibody production was depressed transiently 8 weeks p.i. by the appearance of microfilariae in the peripheral blood. a second transie ... | 1988 | 2907263 |
| diethylcarbamazine-induced cell attachment to microfilariae of litomosoides carinii--demonstration by scanning electron microscopy--and liberation of lysosomal enzymes by adhering cells. | | 1988 | 3420988 |
| homologous and crossreacting immune response of the jird and cotton rat against microfilariae of dipetalonema viteae and litomosoides carinii (nematoda: filarioidea). | consecutive injections of microfilariae of l. carinii and d. viteae were carried out in the homologous or heterologous sequence into the corresponding natural or into the experimental hosts. microfilariae of d. viteae are imunogenic in sigmodon specifically and crossreacting as well. however, in the natural host, meriones, they are doubtlessly tolerogenic. the sojourn and level of microfilaraemia are prolonged resp. higher when living d. viteae-mf are injected s.c. followed by an i.v. injection. ... | 1988 | 3067321 |
| in-vivo encapsulation and killing of litomosoides carinii in white rats. | ultrastructural studies revealed that in albino rats litomosoides carinii was encapsulated and eventually killed in the pleural cavity by adherent host cells. encapsulation was an organized cellular reaction which sequestered and eventually degraded the parasites. the process evolved in three phases: primary accumulation of host cells, especially eosinophils and macrophages, around the parasites with concentration of eosinophils on the parasite surface; secondary transformation of macrophages in ... | 1988 | 3374962 |
| litomosoides carinii infection: pathophysiological changes in the infected albino rat. | | 1988 | 3366526 |
| effects of dexamethasone on litomosoides carinii: in vivo and in vitro studies. | | 1988 | 3372121 |
| antifilarial activities of benzazole derivatives. 1. macrofilaricidal effects against litomosoides carinii, dipetalonema viteae, brugia malayi, and b. pahangi in mastomys natalensis. | eighteen 2-tert-butyl-benzazole derivatives were evaluated comparatively as macrofilaricidal agents against l. carinii (l.c.), d. viteae (d.v.), b. malayi (b.m.) and b. pahangi (b.p.). upon repeated treatment (once daily) for five consecutive days the eight benzoxazole derivatives were invariably less potent than the corresponding benzothiazole derivatives. the minimal curative dose (dcm) of the benzoxazoles varied depending on the species and on the chemical structure between 25 and 100 mg/kg p ... | 1988 | 3387822 |
| [suppression of the parasitemia in rodent filariasis (litomosoides carinii) by immunization with bcg and microfilaria. ii. intravenous bcg application]. | by intravenous (i.v.) inoculation of living tuberculosis bacteria (bcg) non-specific resistance to microfilariae of litomosoides carinii (filarioidea) is induced in cotton rats. this is only possible using the preparation "immune-bcg pasteur f" (suspended germs), but not with "vaccin-bcg pour scarifications" (lyophilized tuberculosis bacteria). after inoculation of immune-bcg, followed by a challenge infection by 60 infective larvae 6 weeks later, a patent infection develops. however, the level ... | 1985 | 3909680 |
| the effect of precocene ii and 20-oh-ecdysone on litomosoides carinii and dipetalonema viteae in vivo. | | 1986 | 3799016 |
| quantitative and qualitative changes in production of excretions/secretions by litomosoides carinii during development in the jird (meriones unguiculatus). | excretions and secretions (e-s) were collected from a series of developmental stages of litomosoides carinii maintained in vitro. measurement of the protein content of e-s obtained from each stage indicates that the rate of production of e-s varies enormously during development of the worm. e-s was iodinated using both iodogen and the bolton and hunter reagent and was also biosynthetically labelled by incubating worms in the presence of [35s]methionine and [3h]leucine. attempts to biosynthetical ... | 1986 | 3537924 |
| lectin binding studies on adult filariae, intrauterine developing stages and microfilariae of brugia malayi and litomosoides carinii. | sections of macrofilariae of brugia malayi and litomosoides carinii revealed binding of the gold-labelled lectins wga, dba and pna. specificity of binding was controlled by competitive inhibition with the respective sugars. n-acetyl-glucosamine, n-acetylgalactosamine and galactose residues seem to be present in the respective tissues. the lectins were bound preferentially to parts of the reproductive organs and to the fluid contents of their lumina. the results of the chitosan test and binding e ... | 1987 | 3422979 |
| glycolysis in litomosoides carinii, the filarial parasite of the cotton rat. | | 1970 | 4323388 |
| detection of circulating and urinary antigens in mastomys natalensis experimentally infected with brugia malayi, brugia pahangi, or litomosoides carinii. | the time-course of the detection of circulating and urinary filarial antigens was followed with a 2s-irma assay, using a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against brugia malayi larvae, in mastomys natalensis experimentally infected with brugia malayi, brugia pahangi, or litomosoides carinii. in the prepatent phase of the infections, filarial antigen was detected 4-7 weeks before microfilariae appeared in the peripheral blood. moreover, the sensitivity of the test was greater with urine than with ... | 1987 | 3438300 |
| immunity to litomosoides carinii in mastomys natalensis. ii. effects of chemotherapeutically abbreviated and postpatent primary infections on challenges with various stages of the parasite. | naive mastomys natalensis, litomosoides carinii-infected m. natalensis at a postpatent stage of the infection and l. carinii-infected m. natalensis treated chemotherapeutically with furazolidone (fur), fur and diethylcarbamazine (fur/dec) or amoscanate (amos) were challenged by either injection or implantation of 40 third stage larvae (l3, s.c.), 40 fourth stage larvae (l4, 16 days old, i.p.), 20 male and 20 female preadult worms (36 days old, i.p.), 12 adult female worms (i.p.) or 6 x 10(6) mic ... | 1986 | 3541424 |
| fecundity of litomosoides carinii (nematoda, filarioidea) in vivo and in vitro. | several parameters concerning the reproduction of litomosoides carinii were assessed using quantitatively infected cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus). the course of embryogenesis from the fertilization of eggs to the delivery of the first microfilariae was observed by daily autopsies during prepatency. the duration of embryogenesis in vivo could thus be determined as 18 +/- 2 days. the contents of embryos in the uteri of female worms had been examined at various intervals. at the onset of patency 7 ... | 1986 | 3515790 |
| formation by the uterus of a peripheral layer of the sheath in microfilariae of litomosoides carinii and brugia malayi. | the eggshells of young developmental stages in the uterus are rather thin and homogenous. in the brezel stage of brugia malayi they are 35 nm thick and 20 nm in litomosoides carinii. in young developmental stages up to brezel stages the eggshells bind the lectins wga, dba and pna labelled with colloidal gold. this shows that glcnac, galnac and gal residues are present at the surface of the sheath. in intrauterine microfilariae of b. malayi the original sheath is reduced to a thickness of 7 nm. i ... | 1987 | 3422980 |
| isolation of pure sheaths of litomosoides carinii microfilariae. | a method is described for the isolation of pure, chemically intact sheaths of blood microfilariae of litomosoides carinii. microfilariae were isolated according to standard techniques. exsheathment was performed by freezing-thawing-shaking procedures, repeated 5-10 times, i.e., larvae were frozen in liquid nitrogen, thawed at room temperature, and shaken vigorously for 5 s. exsheathment rates were about 50%. sheaths were separated from ensheathed and exsheathed microfilariae and microfilariae fr ... | 1987 | 3438299 |
| effect of cyclosporin a and some derivatives in litomosoides carinii-infected mastomys natalensis. | litomosoides carinii-infected mastomys natalensis were treated 85 days post infection with cyclosporin a (cya) or 8 derivatives with different immunosuppressive capacities. cya (oral doses of 5 x 25 mg/kg, 5 x 50 mg/kg, 5 x 80 mg/kg on consecutive days) reduced parasitaemia levels in a dose dependent way, beginning 3 weeks after first drug administration. using 5 x 50 and 5 x 80 mg/kg animals were free from circulating microfilariae on the day of necropsy (day 56). derivatives were administered ... | 1987 | 3437108 |
| [litomosoides carinii infection of mastomys natalensis: alterations of haematological parameters (author's transl)]. | | 1973 | 4770091 |
| urinary non-protein nitrogen fractions in litomosoides carinii infected albino rats. | | 1972 | 4663242 |
| studies in potential filaricides. 18. synthesis of 2,2'-disubstituted 5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketones and related compounds as potential anthelmintics. | a series of 2,2'-disubstituted 5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketones and related compounds have been synthesized of which 2,2'-bis(carbomethoxyamino)-5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketone exhibited a broad spectrum of anthelmintic activity in experimental animals. at doses of 10-50 mg/kg given intraperitoneally, 5 killed 100% of the adult worms of litomosoides carinii, dipetalonema viteae, and brugia malayi. by the oral route the macrofilaricidal efficacy of 5 was 97-100% at 100-200 mg/kg x 5 days. the treated a ... | 1986 | 3543360 |
| [litomosoides carinii infection of mastomys natalensis: serological studies with the complement fixation and the indirect haemagglutination test in the course of infection (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4833626 |
| implant chemotherapy of experimental filariasis. | the in vitro diffusion of the organophosphate famphur from polydimethylsiloxane (pds) capsules into plasma and their effects on litomosoides carinii and dipetalonema witei in jirds was studied. the in vitro rate of diffusion per 24 hours was constant and was directly proportional to the capsule lumen surface area and inversely proportional to the capsule wall thickness. one capsule implanted subcutaneously into each jird almost completely eliminated the microfilaremia of l. carinii while in situ ... | 1974 | 4476193 |
| t-cell dependent and t-cell independent immune response in normal and in with litomosoides carinii infected cotton rats. | the immune responses to srbc and lps were examined in immunized and non-immunized inbred cotton rats at different times after an infection with litomosoides carinii. during the infection, the t-cell dependent immune response to srbc was significantly suppressed in non-immunized animals as compared to non infected controls. in contrast, after immunization with srbc the antibody levels of infected animals were significantly higher in three of five events. at the onset of patency the response to sr ... | 1986 | 3551026 |
| amyloidosis in mongolian gerbils infected with litomosoides carinii. | | 1973 | 4742086 |
| [litomosoides carinii infection of mastomys natalensis: relationship between microfilaraemia and adult worm population (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4836671 |
| letter: pathological changes in white rats infected with litomosoides carinii. | | 1973 | 4788769 |