| studies on the onchocerca (nematoda: filarioidea) found in cattle in the united states. i. systematics of o. gutturosa and o. lienalis with a description of o. stilesi sp. n. | onchocerca gutturosa and o. lienalis are redescribed and comparative morphological descriptions provided. in addition, a third species of onchocerca is described from cattle in the united states. this third species, onchocerca stilesi sp. n., localizes in the connective tissues around the stifle joint, and can be distinguished morphologically from o. gutterosa and o. lienalis. onchocerca gutturosa and o. lienalis apparently have widespread distribution in the eastern united states; however o. st ... | 1979 | 480066 |
| bovine and equine onchocerciasis in eastern north america with a discussion on cuticular morphology of onchocerca spp. in cattle. | skin sections and/or the ligamentum nuchae and ligamentum gastrolienale were examined from twelve bovine carcasses obtained from southern and eastern ontario and from quebec. of these, seven were shown to be infected with onchocerca gutturosa and/or onchocerca lienalis. the morphology of the adult female cuticle is discussed. skin sections from 43 equine carcasses from a slaughter house in grenville, quebec were examined and microfilariae of onchocerca sp. were recovered from 32 (74%). there are ... | 1979 | 487249 |
| an evaluation of the bovine -- onchocerca gibsoni, onchocerca gutturosa model as a tertiary screen for drugs against onchocerca volvulus in man. | in this trial suramin, diethylcarbamazine, trichlorphon, levamisole, mebendazole, melarsonyl potassiu, hoechst 33258 and tinidazole were administered to cattle infected with o. gibsoni and o. gutturosa to determine the usefulness of this screen in predicting the effect of drugs in man against. o. volvulus except for melarsonyl potassium which was macrofilarticidal against o. gutturosa but not o. gibsoni when cattle were slaughtered 6 weeks after treatment. it was concluded that cattle infected w ... | 1979 | 538819 |
| the occurrence of onchocerca gutturosa infection in the nuchal ligament in relation to breed, sex and age of slaughtered cattle. | | 1979 | 543842 |
| demonstration of antibodies in people infected with onchocerca volvulus using adult onchocerca gutturosa antigen. | | 1977 | 612427 |
| onchocerca gutturosa (neumann, 1910) in sudanese cattle. i. the microfilariae. | | 1978 | 734204 |
| preliminary identification and characterization of antigen extracts from onchocerca volvulus. | sequential extraction of onchocerca volvulus from skin nodules with buffers of different ionic strength resulted in a mixture of antigens which reacted in double immunodiffusion with sera from proven cases of onchocerciasis, the number of precipitation lines varied from 1 to 5. triton x-100 detached mainly cationic antigen proteins. it reduced the molecular size of many antigenic proteins, but did not effect their antigenicity. labelling of the extracted proteins with high specific activity 125i ... | 1976 | 824771 |
| onchocerca gutturosa (neumann, 1910) infection in sudanese cattle. | | 1975 | 1125760 |
| onchocerca gutturosa in danish cattle. prevalence, geographic distribution and host-vector relationships. | | 1975 | 1136899 |
| present progress towards the laboratory colonization of african simuliidae (diptera). | the laboratory colonization of african simuliids would facilitate critical work on many aspects of their biology and onchocerciasis vectors could be studied away from natural breeding-sites. in addition to a review of the literature of past achievements in this field, the authors' own studies are described: these centred on the simulium damnosum and s. neavei complexes because they include vectors of human onchocerciasis. other species studied included vectors of onchocerca gutturosa and avian h ... | 1975 | 1162730 |
| the anthelmintic effects of a new compound "e" (friedheim) on onchocerca gutturosa in the cow--a possible tertiary screening system for drug action against o. volvulus in man. | three cows were treated with different levels of compound "e" which is known to have strong filaricidal activity. in all three animals the number of microfilariae of onchocerca gutturosa declined after treatment. at autopsy most of the adult worms found were dead and in those still living embryogenesis appeared to have ceased. it is concluded that, despite the disadvantages, this system represents a possible way of assessing onchocercicidal activity before undertaking human trials. | 1976 | 1262694 |
| onchocerciasis in minnesota cattle. | umbilical hides from 536 dairy cattle in minnesota were tested for the microfilarial stage of onchocerca species to determine the distribution of onchocerciasis in the state. the infection was widespread as microfilariae were obtained from 214 (40%) of the animals, representing nearly all areas of the state. adult onchocerca parasites were collected primarily from nodules associated with tibial bones but also were found to a lesser extent within the gastrosplenic ligament. specific identity of t ... | 1992 | 1403422 |
| the profile of igg and igg subclasses of onchocerciasis patients. | in this study onchocerca gutturosa was compared with o. volvulus in an elisa test to detect onchocerca-specific igg and igg subclasses. the test was developed and standardized to detect onchocerca-specific igg and igg subclasses in sera of onchocerciasis patients and endemic controls. onchocerca volvulus and o. gutturosa crude water-soluble antigens showed no significant difference in detecting onchocerca-specific igg antibody (t = 1.88, p greater than 0.05). the levels of igg subclasses varied ... | 1992 | 1572089 |
| 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. 13. derivatives with antifilarial activity. | several members of a series of 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones possess in vivo and in vitro macrofilaricidal properties. the most promising of the group tested is n4-(2-aminophenyl)-2-[1-(2-pyridinyl)ethylidene]-hydrazinecarbothioam ide (4), which suppressed 100% of the macrofilariae of brugia pahangi and 94% of those of acanthocheilonema viteae in the jird at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day x 5. compounds 4 and 14 were also shown to inactivate or kill onchocerca gutturosa and onchocerca volvulus ... | 1991 | 2016717 |
| studies on hexokinase from the filarial worms brugia pahangi, onchocerca gutturosa and o. lienalis. | | 1991 | 2027887 |
| the effects of ivermectin used in combination with other known antiparasitic drugs on adult onchocerca gutturosa and o. volvulus in vitro. | the effects of ivermectin at a concentration of 3.13 x 10(-6) m used in combination with other antiparasitic drugs on the viability of adult onchocerca in vitro were assessed using mtt colorimetry and worm motility levels. when ivermectin was used against male o. gutturosa over a 7 d period in combination with suramin (5 x 10(-5) m), cgp 6140 (3.13 x 10(-6) m), cgp 20376 (1.95 x 10(-7) m), mefloquine (3.13 x 10(-6) m), levamisole (3.13 x 10(-6) m), mebendazole (5 x 10(-5) m), flubendazole (5 x 1 ... | 1990 | 2260177 |
| a human case of zoonotic onchocerciasis in japan. | a 2-year-old girl living in southwestern japan had a nodule of 2 months' duration on the left foot. a biopsy from the lesion showed transverse sections of a worm surrounded by granulomatous tissue. the worm was identified as an onchocerca sp. from the morphological characteristics such as relatively thick cuticles, annular ridges on the cortical layer, and high somatic muscles. positive serological tests using elisa for onchocerca gutturosa and onchocerca volvulus supported the diagnosis. this w ... | 1990 | 2329217 |
| distribution of microfilariae of onchocerca lienalis and onchocerca gutturosa in the skin of cattle in germany and their development in simulium ornatum and culicoides nubeculosus following artificial infestation. | onchocerca microfilariae were isolated form the umbilicus and neck of 438 cow hides at the abattoir in tübingen, f.r.g. the overall onchocerca infection rate was 40.4%. the presence of onchocerca lienalis and o. gutturosa microfilariae, which are difficult to distinguish by morphological criteria, was retrospectively demonstrated after artifically infesting simulium ornatum and culicoides nubeculosus and identifying the infective larvae recovered. nine of 16 samples of umbilical microfilariae fe ... | 1990 | 2399652 |
| onchocerciasis in british cattle: a study of onchocerca gutturosa and o. lienalis in north wales. | onchocerca gutturosa and o. lienalis infections in british cattle were studied by examination of cattle post-mortem originating from north wales and cheshire (north west england). in 463 adult animals, the microfilarial (mf) prevalence was 28.5%. in 95.3% of the mf infected animals, gravid worms could not be found at either the ligamentum nuchae or the gastro-splenic omentum. dermal mf at the head were identified as o. gutturosa on the basis of their highly significant association with the prese ... | 1987 | 2440940 |
| an oligonucleotide probe specific for onchocerca volvulus. | a genomic dna library of a liberian strain of onchocerca volvulus was prepared in the vector bacteriophage lambda gt10. the library was differentially screened by hybridisation with radiolabelled total dna from the homologous parasite, two heterologous onchocerca parasites (onchocerca gibsoni and onchocerca gutturosa) and human liver cells. a clone (c1a1) was isolated whose binding to o. volvulus dna was at least 50 times stronger than to the other parasite dna samples. no binding was observed w ... | 1989 | 2528065 |
| the further application of mtt-formazan colorimetry to studies on filarial worm viability. | experiments have confirmed that mtt-formazan colorimetry in its simplest form (incubation of intact worms with mtt and direct visualisation of any formazan formed) can be readily applied to several species of filariae including onchocerca volvulus. data is presented which will assist the development of quantitative mtt reduction viability tests for a selection of the smaller filarial species. assays of pieces of onchocerca gutturosa and o. volvulus females have led us to tentatively conclude tha ... | 1989 | 2617039 |
| onchocerca gutturosa and o. volvulus: studies on the viability and drug responses of cryopreserved adult worms in vitro. | the viability and drug responses of cryopreserved adult onchocerca have been examined in vitro. male worms were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees c) using ethanediol as a cryoprotectant in a 2-step incubation procedure. after thawing, 85-90% of o. gutturosa males were normally motile. these motile worms were evaluated for viability using 4 measurements (long-term motility/survival in culture; [u-14c]adenine uptake and leakage; glucose utilization; mtt-formazan colorimetry) and were ... | 1989 | 2617629 |
| on the possibility of bovine onchocerca species infecting simulium damnosum s.l. in the forest zone of sierra leone. i. parasitological aspects. | as part of a study to assess to what extent onchocerca-like infections in s. damnosum s.l. in the forest zone of sierra leone were likely to be of bovine origin, onchocerca infections were studied by post mortem examination of cattle killed at bo abattoir and by examination of skin biopsies from cattle born and reared at njala, in the forest zone, and musaia, in the savanna zone. post mortem studies of 45 cattle which had originated from northern sierra leone and guinea revealed a prevalence of ... | 1989 | 2619374 |
| the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds by onchocerca gutturosa (nematoda: filarioidea). | in common with other helminths o. gutturosa appears to lack cytochrome p450 linked phase 1 enzymes and so its ability to metabolize aromatic nuclei may be severely restricted. the parasite could reduce azo- but not nitro-compounds and low levels of epoxide hydrolase activity were also detected. glutathione s-transferase was the only phase 2 enzyme which could be demonstrated in o. gutturosa. high levels of glyoxalase i and in particular glyoxalase ii were found in the parasite, suggesting an imp ... | 1989 | 2635162 |
| [immunoenzymatic evaluation of serum ige in onchocerciasis in chiapas, mexico]. | concentrations of total serum ige were measured by an immunoenzymatic assay (phadezym-prist) in 60 mexican onchocerciasis patients. in order to detect ige antibodies against adult onchocerca volvulus antigens, separately six onchocerciasis sera were depleted of ige antibodies by using a mixture of onchocerca gutturosa, ascaris suum and fasciola hepatica antigenic extracts coupled with sepharose 4b. additionally, the sera were incubated with an adult o. volvulus antigenic extract coupled with sep ... | 1989 | 2697095 |
| anti-filarial effects of nine quinoline-containing drugs on adult filariae in vitro. | the potencies and efficacies of 9 quinoline-containing anti-malarials including chloroquine, (bis)desethylchloroquine, sn6911, sn12108, amodiaquine, cn-2999-2k, primaquine, quinacrine, and quinine were examined in vitro against adult female brugia pahangi. parasite motility and lactate excretion were measured as indicators of drug effects. all of the agents tested showed time-dependent increases in potency over a 24-72-hr incubation period. sn12108 was the most potent at 72 hr, reducing motility ... | 1989 | 2723923 |
| biochemical and immunochemical characterisation of a 20-kilodalton complex of surface-associated antigens from adult onchocerca gutturosa filarial nematodes. | surface radioiodination of adult onchocerca parasites reveals a restricted range of proteins associated with the cuticle. we present data to show that prominent among these is a complex of low-molecular-weight proteins which can be released in soluble form by homogenisation of surface-labelled onchocerca gutturosa in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs). one of this groups of proteins, designated gp20, has a molecular mass of 20,000, is glycosylated with two n-linked carbohydrate side chains, and has ... | 1989 | 2733728 |
| distribution of onchocerca spp. microfilariae in the dermis of cattle. | a grid was drawn on a lateral half of 10 hides, from cattle infected with both onchocerca gutturosa and onchocerca lienalis, which were obtained from an abattoir in central florida. paired 7-mm diameter skin cores were taken from 24 grid sites on each hide and microfilariae (mff) extracted to determine their distribution. the only consistent pattern distribution was that mff were recovered from all 10 hides at four sample sites along the ventral midline near the umbilicus. microfilariae were als ... | 1989 | 2763453 |
| cloning and characterization of an onchocerca volvulus specific dna sequence. | a cloned sequence, povs134, was isolated from a genomic library prepared from onchocerca volvulus of savanna origin in the plasmid puc9. povs134 hybridizes to all the geographic isolates of o. volvulus tested from both the new and the old world, but not to the species onchocerca gibsoni, onchocerca gutturosa, onchocerca ochengi, onchocerca cervicalis, the filarial parasites brugia malayi, or dirofilaria immitis, nor to human or simuliid dna. as little as 250 pg of dna can be detected on a dot bl ... | 1989 | 2811941 |
| characterization and purification of parafilaria bovicola antigens by chromatofocusing to enhance specificity in serodiagnosis. | a study was conducted to determine if the purification of parafilaria bovicola antigens can increase the specificity of serodiagnosis of parafilariasis in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antigens released from adult worms of p. bovicola were separated by chromatofocusing on a polybuffer exchanger of the ph range 7.3-4.0 polypeptide analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the presence of four major polypeptides with mws of 41, 36, 24 and 20 kda. additional ... | 1989 | 2815540 |
| lectin binding to the developing forms of onchocerca gutturosa microfilariae. | uterine and skin derived forms of microfilariae (mf) and earlier developing stages of the cattle filarial nematode onchocerca gutturosa were examined for the lectin binding properties of their external surfaces (ie. egg shell and microfilarial cuticle). both the uterine and skin derived forms of mf failed to bind any of the lectins tested. incubation in known microfilaricides did not promote any binding of lectins to these parasites. peanut agglutinin (pna) was the only lectin found to bind spec ... | 1987 | 2820017 |
| implantation of adult onchocerca gutturosa into laboratory rodents. | adult males and females of onchocerca gutturosa were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice, and their survival was determined at intervals thereafter by post-mortem examination. ten of 17 animals receiving males dissected free of bovine host tissues contained live parasites at necropsy up to 4 months later. female worms digested free from connective tissue by collagenase did not survive well, even though they appeared motile and intact before implantation; only 2 were alive 10 days later ... | 1987 | 2823207 |
| the development of a laboratory model for onchocerciasis using onchocerca gutturosa: in vitro culture, collagenase effects, drug studies and cryopreservation. | a range of culture conditions were examined to optimize parasite maintenance. using male worms in a cell-free system, good results were obtained with medium nctc 135 + 10% inactivated calf serum (ifcs) in an atmosphere of 95% n2/5% co2 (median survival time 45 days). survival was increased to 6-7 months using medium mem + 10% ifcs + llcmk2 (monkey kidney) feeder cells in a gas phase of 5% co2 in air. worms exposed to collagenase solution (5 mg/ml) were subsequently less motile and survived short ... | 1988 | 2852398 |
| onchocerca gutturosa and onchocerca lienalis in cattle: variation in length of microfilariae by site of recovery. | dermal microfilariae recovered from specimens obtained from umbilical and cervical sites of cattle infected with adult onchocerca gutturosa alone or with adults of o gutturosa and o lienalis were measured and compared with uterine microfilariae obtained directly from gravid female worms of each species. uterine microfilariae of o gutturosa were longer than dermal microfilariae obtained from cattle harboring only adults of o gutturosa. dermal microfilariae were recovered from umbilical and cervic ... | 1989 | 2919822 |
| zoonotic onchocerca in a japanese child. | a female onchocerca was found in histopathological sections of a nodule removed from the foot of a 2-year-old girl in southern japan. as in previously reported cases in switzerland, crimea, canada, and the usa, evident morphological features of the worm resembled those of onchocerca gutturosa and o. cervicalis, which are known to exist in cervical ligaments of cattle and horses, respectively, in japan and elsewhere. | 1989 | 2929851 |
| optimization of culture conditions for the maintenance of onchocerca gutturosa adult worms in vitro. | a series of experiments examined the effects of various media, serum supplements, gas phases and the incorporation of mammalian cell feeder layers on the survival of onchocerca gutturosa adult worms in vitro. the survival of male worms was poor in all media tested that were not supplemented with inactivated foetal calf serum (ifcs), with improved but variable survival in media supplemented with 10-30% ifcs. using a cell-free system in an atmosphere of 5% co2 in air, good results were obtained in ... | 1986 | 3098829 |
| isozyme study of onchocerca volvulus and onchocerca gutturosa in guatemala. | | 1985 | 3159866 |
| onchocerca armillata railliet and henry, 1909 and onchocerca gutturosa (neumann, 1910) in camels (camelus dromedarius l.) in the sudan. | a study undertaken to determine the onchocerca species infecting camels that live in the same localities as cattle in the dinder region, blue nile province, sudan revealed concurrent infections with the bovine parasites onchocerca armillata in the thoracic aorta, brachiocephalic trunks and brachial arteries and onchocerca gutturosa in the ventral side of the lamellar parts of the ligamentum nuchae. the microfilariae of both species had the same predilection sites in the skin of the ears, head an ... | 1988 | 3222922 |
| comparative effects of anthelmintics on motility in vitro of onchocerca gutturosa, brugia pahangi and acanthocheilonema viteae. | the effects of standard anthelmintics on the motor activity in vitro of adult onchocerca gutturosa, brugia pahangi and acanthocheilonema viteae were determined using a micromotility meter. fresh adult males dissected from bovine tissues were the best source for observations on o. gutturosa. parasites liber-ated by collagenase digestion showed poor viability and motility. only segments of o. gutturosa females were obtainable by dissection and these were not able to sustain motility in vitro. adul ... | 1988 | 3227249 |
| morphological differences between venezuelan and african microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus. | comparative morphological and biometric characteristics of microfilariae of onchocerca gutturosa and o. volvulus from different geographical areas (upper orinoco, venezuela; togo; liberia) were assessed. "stepwise" discriminant analysis and mahalanobis estimators were applied to measure distance between populations. the results indicate a strong similarity between the two strains from the upper orinoco (venezuela) and the togo strain, as well as a clear separation between these strains and that ... | 1988 | 3235798 |
| carbohydrate metabolism in onchocerca gutturosa and onchocerca lienalis (nematoda: filarioidea). | | 1988 | 3366534 |
| drug activity against onchocerca gutturosa males in vitro: a model for chemotherapeutic research on onchocerciasis. | an in vitro system for chemotherapeutic research using adult male onchocerca gutturosa has been developed as a model for o. volvulus. using a culture system consisting of medium mem + 10% heat inactivated foetal calf serum (ifcs) + llcmk2 (monkey kidney) feeder cells in an atmosphere of 5% co2 in air, we examined the effects of a range of antiparasitic drugs on worm motility. ivermectin, levamisole, furapyrimidone, mel w, chloroquine, metrifonate, flubendazole, amoscanate and the ciba-geigy comp ... | 1987 | 3437107 |
| resistance to onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in mice conferred by egg antigens of homologous and heterologous onchocerca species. | embryonic stages of various onchocerca species have been used to stimulate resistance in cba mice to challenge injections with the microfilariae of onchocerca lienalis. comparable levels of resistance to challenge (29-37% reductions) were conferred by living, freeze-killed, or sonicated organisms administered with freunds' complete adjuvant (fca). antigens extracted in saline, or with the detergent sodium deoxycholate, were also protective. adjuvants enhanced the protective effect, particularly ... | 1987 | 3614990 |
| failure of onchocerca gutturosa to develop in simulium soubrense and simulium yahense from liberia. | laboratory reared female s. soubrense and s. yahense from liberia were intrathoracically inoculated with bovine skin dwelling microfilariae of onchocerca gutturosa. of a total of 174 flies, each injected with 50 fresh microfilariae, the maximum development was to late first-stage larvae. one s. soubrense also contained two second-stage larvae and a maldeveloped third-stage larvae. no development to normal third-stage larvae was observed in any fly despite maintenance at 28 degrees c for up to 10 ... | 1987 | 3629136 |
| successful cryopreservation of adult male onchocerca gutturosa in liquid nitrogen. | experiments involved the use of methanol and ethanediol (ed) as potential cryoprotectants for the storage of adult male onchocerca gutturosa at low temperatures. worms were incubated with or without 20% (v/v) methanol for 15 min at 0 degrees c before cooling to -10 degrees, -25 degrees or -79 degrees c. results of trials of storage from 1 to 14 days showed that prolonged survival could only be obtained by storing at -79 degrees c without the addition of cryoprotectant. however, worms were also s ... | 1986 | 3749737 |
| onchocerca gutturosa and onchocerca lienalis in cattle: effect of age, sex, and origin on prevalence of onchocerciasis in subtropical and temperate regions of florida and georgia. | evaluation of 845 cattle from florida and georgia for onchocerciasis indicated a significantly higher prevalence of infection with onchocerca gutturosa and a significantly lower prevalence of infection with onchocerca lienalis in the southern portion of florida (subtropical region) than in the northern portion of florida or in georgia (temperature region). in all regions, prevalence of infection with o gutturosa was significantly higher than infection with o lienalis. in the temperate region, bu ... | 1986 | 3777654 |
| differentiation of onchocerca gutturosa and o. lienalis microfilariae by analysis of their gpi isoenzymes. | | 1985 | 4031459 |
| onchocerca gutturosa in an australian camel. | | 1985 | 4062729 |
| studies on onchocerca gutturosa (neumann, 1910) and its development in simulium ornatum (meigen, 1818). 3. factors affecting the development of the parasite in its vector. | | 1973 | 4702887 |
| studies on onchocerca gutturosa (neumann, 1910) and its development in simulium ornatum (meigen, 1818). 4. systematics of o. gutturosa. | | 1973 | 4702888 |
| studies on onchocerca gutturosa (neumann, 1910) and its development in simulium ornatum (meigen, 1818). i. observations on o.gutturosa in cattle in south-east england. | | 1971 | 5123702 |
| studies on onchocerca gutturosa (neumann, 1910) and its development in simulium ornatum (meigen, 1818). ii. behaviour of s. ornatum in relation to the transmission of o. gutturosa. | | 1971 | 5123703 |
| onchocerca gutturosa in cattle in uganda. | | 1970 | 5461593 |
| the identification of some onchocerca spp of cattle by isoenzyme analysis. | the isoenzyme patterns of ldh, mdh, pep, pgm, mpi, gpi and gapdh were compared for 3 species of cattle parasites onchocerca gutturosa, o. gibsoni and o. lienalis from england, australia and mexico. ldh and gapdh had identical patterns in each species but the other enzymes clearly distinguished between the species. pgm was the same in o. lienalis and o. gibsoni, but separated them from o. gutturosa. mpi and gpi had similar isoenzymes in o. gutturosa and o. gibsoni, but distinguished them from o. ... | 1982 | 6213076 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as a diagnostic tool for guatemalan onchocerciasis using a bovine filaria (onchocerca gutturosa) antigen and blood samples collected on filter paper. | | 1983 | 6358595 |
| detection of antibodies in brugia pahangi-infected cats by counter immunoelectrophoresis, indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | in cats infected with brugia pahangi, antibodies first appeared against the larvae (l3), then against the adults (l5) and the microfilariae (mf). homologous antigens were better than antigens prepared from heterologous species (dirofilaria immitis, dipetalonema viteae, litomosoides carinii and onchocerca gutturosa) in detecting antibodies to b. pahangi in the infected cats by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). metabolic products of l5, but not l3 or mf, of b. pahangi were antigenic and w ... | 1982 | 6760573 |
| detection of filarial antibodies in malayan and bancroftian filariasis by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, using different filarial antigens. | indirect fluorescent antibody tests (ifat) using wuchereria bancrofti infective larvae as antigen had the highest positivity rates in detecting malayan and bancroftian filariasis as compared to ifat using antigens prepared from 5 other animal filarial species, brugia pahangi, dirofilaria immitis, dipetalonema viteae, litomosoides carinii and onchocerca gutturosa. this study also recommends the use of human filarioids as the source of antigen in serological tests. however, before b. malayi and es ... | 1982 | 7051338 |
| survival and behavior of onchocerca gutturosa microfilariae in vitro. | microfilariae of onchocerca gutturosa were extracted from the skin of the bovine naval by teasing in saline and then suspending the skin in a gauze bag overnight in tyrode's solution with 20% human serum. they survived for ten days in this medium, with antibiotics, in plastic microtitration plates at 11 c. after dispersal in flat containers, microfilariae slowly assumed clumped dispersion patterns. they also accumulated in glass wool, suggesting that aggregation was a tactile phenomenon. analysi ... | 1982 | 7097443 |
| morphological variations in onchocerca sp. from atypical hosts and sites: the validity of o. stilesi. | minor morphological variations occur in some specimens of onchocerca gutturosa and o. lienalis developing in unusual anatomical sites in their normal hosts and in unusual hosts. these variations may affect characters usually considered to be important diagnostic features. variations in o. lienalis show a range which encompass the features used by eberhard (1979) to distinguish a new species, o. stilesi. further studies on fresh material are needed before o. stilesi can be accepted as a valid spe ... | 1982 | 7187203 |
| onchocerca gutturosa (neumann) in camels (camelus dromedarius) in the sudan. | | 1981 | 7305514 |
| the development of onchocerca gutturosa neuman to infective stage in simulium vorax pomeroy. | | 1981 | 7345693 |
| infection of aedes aegypti with onchocerca gutturosa. | | 1980 | 7410805 |
| culicoides kingi, austen: a vector of onchocerca gutturosa (neumann, 1910) in the sudan. | | 1980 | 7458470 |
| differential susceptibility of filarial and human erythrocyte glutathione reductase to inhibition by the trivalent organic arsenical melarsen oxide. | the glutathione reductases (gr) from two cattle filariae (setaria digitata and onchocerca gutturosa) have been isolated and their properties have been compared to those of human erythrocyte gr. in general, the enzymes appear to be very similar with respect to substrate-specificity for glutathione disulfide and nadph, molecular mass (97 kda vs. 98 kda) and oligomeric organisation (subunit size of 51 kda vs. 50 kda). however, studies on the inhibition of the enzymes by the trivalent melaminophenyl ... | 1995 | 7477103 |
| nematocera (ceratopogonidae, psychodidae, simuliidae and culicidae) and control methods. | the biology, veterinary importance and control of certain nematocera are described and discussed. culicoides spp. (family ceratopogonidae) transmit the arboviruses of bluetongue (bt), african horse sickness (ahs), bovine ephemeral fever (bef) and akabane. some other arboviruses have been isolated from these species, while fowl pox has been transmitted experimentally by culicoides. these insects are vectors of the parasitic protozoans leucocytozoon caulleryi and haemoproteus nettionis, and the pa ... | 1994 | 7711309 |
| onchocerca gutturosa infection of the ligamentum nuchae in two cows in the sudan. | severe lesions of the ligamentum nuchae are described for the first time in two cows in the sudan. post mortem and histopathological examination of the nodules reveals inflammatory process the causal agent of which is onchocerca gutturosa. | 1994 | 7863068 |
| bovine onchocercosis in north cameroon. | ventral skin biopsies from 204 gudali cattle of the vina division in the adamawa highlands revealed microfilariae of onchocerca gutturosa, o. ochengi and o. dukei in 85%, 51% and 8% of the animals, respectively. in 60 fulani cattle from the tcholliré division in the sudan savanna, the same microfilaria species were detected in 92%, 83% and 47% of the animals. onchocerca armillata adult worms were found in 67% of the gudalis and in 100% of the fulanis. in areas of high transmission the prevalence ... | 1994 | 8073613 |
| prospective evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot methods for the diagnosis of endemic strongyloides stercoralis infection. | recently described enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblot methods for the detection of serum igg against strongyloides stercoralis larval antigens were prospectively evaluated for the diagnosis of endemic strongyloidiasis. a modification of the elisa involved preincubation of sera with onchocerca gutturosa phosphate-buffered saline-soluble extract to remove cross-reactivity with other helminths. the sensitivity of the elisa increased from 80% to 85% following preincubation. sim ... | 1994 | 8074251 |
| immunodiagnosis of strongyloides stercoralis infection: a method for increasing the specificity of the indirect elisa. | indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) allows sensitive detection of serum immunoglobulin (ig) g against a soluble extract of strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae. in this study, 40/40 (100%) human strongyloidiasis sera had high levels of anti-s. stercoralis igg, but 30/40 (75%) filariasis sera, and 12/40 (30%) necatoriasis sera also had higher levels than control sera from uk residents. in attempts to increase the assay specificity by absorption of cross-reactive igg, the effe ... | 1993 | 8337720 |
| glutamine-supported motility of adult filarial parasites in vitro and the effect of glutamine antimetabolites. | the survival in culture of adult female brugia pahangi, acanthocheilonema viteae, and onchocerca volvulus and adult male onchocerca gibsoni was assessed by measuring parasite motility. survival of all species was maximal in a nutritionally complex medium (rpmi-1640). all species survived for up to 48 hr in a simpler medium in which the only energy source was 10 mm glutamine; motility in this medium was dependent upon ph. for the species of onchocerca, motility was maintained better in the presen ... | 1993 | 8459326 |
| distribution of mast cells and their correlation with inflammatory cells around onchocerca gutturosa, o. tarsicola, o. ochengi, and o. flexuosa. | in recent years, bovine onchocerca species have been used as models for human onchocerciasis in drug screens. they have been suggested for immunology studies and evaluation of vaccine candidates. therefore, mast cells and their association with other inflammatory cells were studied in five onchocercal species of cattle and deer using immunohistology. intact mast cells occurred in large numbers in the capsule and septae of nodules, in fibrous tissue adjacent to nonnodular worms, and perivascularl ... | 1997 | 9039692 |
| antibiotics and wolbachia in filarial nematodes: antifilarial activity of rifampicin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol against onchocerca gutturosa, onchocerca lienalis and brugia pahangi. | the activity against filarial parasites of the antibiotics rifampicin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol was examined. in addition, transmission electron microscopy was used to study the effects of rifampicin and oxytetracycline on filarial tissues and on the endosymbiont bacterium, wolbachia. when tested in vitro at a concentration of 50.0 microm, each of the three antibiotics significantly reduced the motility levels of male onchocerca gutturosa. rifampicin, however, was the most active, vir ... | 2000 | 11214099 |
| onchocerca ochengi acquisition in zebu gudali cattle exposed to natural transmission: parasite population dynamics and igg antibody subclass responses to ov10/ov11 recombinant antigens. | ngaoundere gudali zebu cattle naturally exposed to simulium damnosum s.l. and culicoides spp. bites were examined during 4 years for o. ochengi adult worm acquisition, onchocerca ochengi and onchocerca gutturosa skin microfilaria dynamics, and igg1 and igg2 antibody subclass responses. eleven animals acquired a total of 465 o. ochengi nodules (average of 17 per female and 72 per male). the o. ochengi nodule load was highly variable in individual animals and exacerbated in mature male cattle. thr ... | 2004 | 15158555 |
| onchocerca gutturosa infestation in cattle in wales. | | 1950 | 15404729 |
| teat onchocercosis in cows with reference to prevalence, species involved and pathology. | the present study reports teat onchocercosis in cows in the province of kars in north eastern turkey with reference to the prevalence, species involved and pathological findings. in the study, 600 cows of various breeds and ages slaughtered in the local abattoir were examined and 145 (24%) were found to have various lesions on their teats, of which 45 (31%) were infected with three onchocerca species (onchocerca gutturosa, o. lienalis and an unidentified onchocerca spp.), identified according to ... | 2005 | 15500839 |
| onchocerca parasites and wolbachia endosymbionts: evaluation of a spectrum of antibiotic types for activity against onchocerca gutturosa in vitro. | the filarial parasites of major importance in humans contain the symbiotic bacterium wolbachia and recent studies have shown that targeting of these bacteria with antibiotics results in a reduction in worm viability, development, embryogenesis, and survival. doxycycline has been effective in human trials, but there is a need to develop drugs that can be given for shorter periods and to pregnant women and children. the world health organisation-approved assay to screen for anti-filarial activity ... | 2006 | 16563157 |
| antifilarial activity in vitro of polycarpol and 3-o-acetyl aleuritolic acid from cameroonian medicinal plants against onchocerca gutturosa. | previous results have revealed the antifilarial activities of crude extracts and pure compounds from some cameroonian medicinal plants against onchocerca volvulus and onchocerca gutturosa. in our efforts to find new filaricidal agents against adult male o. gutturosa worms, we have isolated and screened three compounds: polycarpol and polyveoline from polyalthia suaveolens (annonaceae) and 3-o-acetyl aleuritolic acid from discoglypremna caloneura (euphorbiaceae). only polycarpol and 3-o-acetyl al ... | 2006 | 16644535 |
| onchocerca armillata contains the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia and elicits a limited inflammatory response. | human onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is a debilitating disease caused by the filarial nematode onchocerca volvulus. many, but not all, filarial nematodes carry within their tissues endosymbiotic, rickettsia-like bacteria of the genus wolbachia. onchocerca spp. infections in cattle offer the most relevant, analogous host-parasite model system. west african cattle are commonly co-infected with four onchocerca spp.; two of these are wolbachia-positive (onchocerca gutturosa and oncho ... | 2010 | 20850932 |
| [fauna and distribution of nematodes from the suborders spirurata and filariata parasitizing cattle in dagestan, from the perspective of vertical zoning]. | cattle of dagestan are infested with several nematode species from the suborders spirurata and filariata, and extensiveness of the invasion depends greatly on the altitude above sea level. level of infestation with thelazia rhodesi, th. gulosa, and th. skrjabini is 38% in plains, 20% in submontane, and 5% in mountain zone. the same tendency is observed for the species gongylonema pulchrum--45, 22, and 10%, respectively. infestation with setaria labiato-papillosa is 27.3% on average. infestation ... | 2010 | 21427961 |
| characterization of the ca2+-gated and voltage-dependent k+-channel slo-1 of nematodes and its interaction with emodepside. | the cyclooctadepsipeptide emodepside and its parent compound pf1022a are broad-spectrum nematicidal drugs which are able to eliminate nematodes resistant to other anthelmintics. the mode of action of cyclooctadepsipeptides is only partially understood, but involves the latrophilin lat-1 receptor and the voltage- and calcium-activated potassium channel slo-1. genetic evidence suggests that emodepside exerts its anthelmintic activity predominantly through slo-1. indeed, slo-1 deficient caenorhabdi ... | 2014 | 25521608 |
| whence river blindness? the domestication of mammals and host-parasite co-evolution in the nematode genus onchocerca. | the genus onchocerca includes 34 described species and represents one of the largest genera of the filarial nematodes within the family onchocercidae. representative members of this genus are mainly parasites of ungulates, with some exceptions such as onchocerca lupi and onchocerca volvulus, infecting carnivores and/or humans. for a long time, the evolutionary relationships amongst onchocercids remained poorly studied, as the systematics of this genus was impaired by the high morphological varia ... | 2017 | 28344097 |