| baylisascaris procyonis for testing anthelmintics against migratory ascarids. | oral inoculation of mice with 340 embryonated eggs of the nematode, baylisascaris procyonis, proved uniformly fatal as early as 13 days after inoculation and as late as 48 days. mice given either 0.5% or 0.25% of pyrantel tartrate in dry feed were protected from cerebral migrations of the worm for 55 days. treatment with pyrantel pamoate in the feed at the concentration of 0.2% given 7 days before inoculation and 5 days after inoculation also protected mice from migrations throughout the 55-day ... | 1978 | 736349 |
| [ocular manifestations of selected zoonoses in humans]. | a report is given on the epidemiology and clinical signs of some selected zoonoses that may be of significance for ocular infections in man: brucellosis, leptospirosis, lyme borreliosis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, newcastle disease, ornithosis (chlamydiosis), rabies, streptococcus suis infection, larva migrans ocularis by toxocara canis or baylisascaris procyonis, toxoplasmosis and tularemia. | 1992 | 1412422 |
| cerebrospinal nematodiasis caused by baylisascaris procyonis in chinchillas. | | 1991 | 2039793 |
| prevalence of patent baylisascaris procyonis infection in raccoons (procyon lotor) in ithaca, new york. | the prevalence of patent baylisascaris procyonis infection in raccoons was determined by examining fecal samples collected between july 1986 and may 1987 in ithaca, new york. september, october, and november had the highest prevalence of infection (35-48%). significant differences (p less than 0.001) were found when months were grouped by season to test the hypothesis that a fecal sample's probability of being positive does not vary from month to month. fall was the season contributing most to t ... | 1989 | 2614599 |
| immunofluorescent localization of eosinophil granule major basic protein in fatal human cases of baylisascaris procyonis infection. | we examined eosinophil degranulation in tissues from patients infected with baylisascaris procyonis as shown by the extracellular deposition of granule major basic protein (mbp). we utilized immunofluorescence to localize mbp in eosinophils and at sites of degranulation to study specimens from 2 fatal cases of b. procyonis infection. large numbers of intact eosinophils were present in the brain around blood vessels and necrotic migration tracks and in mesenteric granulomata. extensive extracellu ... | 1989 | 2648884 |
| physicochemical characterization and monoclonal and polyclonal antibody recognition of baylisascaris procyonis larval excretory-secretory antigens. | baylisascaris procyonis larval excretory-secretory (es) antigens consisted of complex glycoproteins ranging from 10 kda to over 200 kda as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin binding. five monoclonal antibodies (bapr1-bapr5) produced against b. procyonis es antigens were assayed by western blotting with larval es antigens from b. procyonis, baylisascaris melis, baylisascaris transfuga, ascaris suum, and toxocara canis. bapr1 and bapr2 recognized per ... | 1989 | 2668490 |
| scanning electron microscopic observations of adult baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda). | the scanning electron microscope was used to illustrate the microtopographic features of the caudal end of adult male baylisascaris procyonis. the male tail was relatively long, smoothly attenuated and often had a small button-like or mucronate termination. the preanal papillae were situated ventrally in two slightly divergent and somewhat irregularly spaced rows. anterior and posterior to the anus were two slightly raised roughened patches consisting of several rows of small spines. just anteri ... | 1989 | 2777474 |
| occurrence of baylisascaris procyonis in raccoon populations on military installations in the washington, d.c. area. | | 1987 | 3103024 |
| biochemical and immunological systematics of some ascaridoid nematodes: genetic divergence between congeners. | vertical starch gel electrophoresis and trefoil immunodiffusion were used to study the systematics of some ascaridoid nematodes. within the ascarididae, the time scale of divergence was too great for intergeneric electrophoretic comparisons. congeneric electrophoretic comparisons of baylisascaris procyonis (host--raccoon) versus baylisascaris transfuga (host--black bear), and toxocara canis (host--domestic dog) versus toxocara cati (host--domestic cat) yielded nei genetic distance coefficients o ... | 1987 | 3114467 |
| toxocara canis: monoclonal antibodies to larval excretory-secretory antigens that bind with genus and species specificity to the cuticular surface of infective larvae. | when maintained in culture, the infective-stage larvae of toxocara canis produce a group of excretory-secretory antigens. monoclonal antibodies to these antigens have been produced and partially characterized. hybridomas were made using spleens from mice that had been given 250 embryonated eggs of t. canis followed by immunization with excretory-secretory antigens. monoclonal antibodies were first screened against excretory-secretory antigens using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ... | 1987 | 3315735 |
| comparative analysis of larval excretory-secretory antigens of baylisascaris procyonis, toxocara canis and ascaris suum by western blotting and enzyme immunoassay. | | 1988 | 3366527 |
| diagnostic morphology of four larval ascaridoid nematodes that may cause visceral larva migrans: toxascaris leonina, baylisascaris procyonis, lagochilascaris sprenti, and hexametra leidyi. | the gross and histological morphology of the larvae of 4 ascaridoid nematodes, toxascaris leonina, baylisascaris procyonis, lagochilascaris sprenti, and hexametra leidyi, are described. the larvae of t. leonina, b. procyonis, and l. sprenti were recovered from experimentally infected mice at 32, 14, and 75 days of infection, respectively. hexametra leidyi larvae used for morphological study were collected on day 159 postinfection from a rhesus monkey, macaca mulatta, while h. leidyi larvae used ... | 1987 | 3437356 |
| helminths of the raccoon (procyon lotor) in western kentucky. | seventy raccoons (procyon lotor) from western kentucky were examined for helminths from december 1985 through may 1986. twenty-three species of helminths were collected including 10 species of trematoda (brachylaima virginiana, euryhelmis squamula, eurytrema procyonis, fibricola cratera, gyrosoma singulare, maritreminoides nettae, mesostephanus appendiculatoides, metagonimoides oregonensis, paragonimus kellicotti, pharyngostomoides procyonis), 2 species of cestoda (atriotaenia procyonis, mesoces ... | 1987 | 3625429 |
| cerebrospinal nematodiasis in pheasants. | infection with larvae of baylisascaris procyonis, the raccoon ascarid, was the cause of neurologic disease affecting young pheasants on a commercial pheasant ranch in wisconsin. the disease was chronic and insidious, affecting 1% to 2% of the birds over a period of 2 years. histologic lesions in the brain consisted of multifocal areas of necrosis and inflammation associated with baylisascaris larvae. onset of the disease at the farm correlated with introduction of chopped straw as bedding for th ... | 1986 | 3793586 |
| fatal eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and visceral larva migrans caused by the raccoon ascarid baylisascaris procyonis. | | 1985 | 4039793 |
| the relationship of baylisascaris procyonis to illinois raccoons (procyon lotor). | the gastrointestinal tracts of 310 steel-trapped or hunter shot illinois raccoons (procyon lotor) were collected in november and december 1979 and 1980 and examined for the presence of baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda) in order to determine the prevalence and intensity of this ascarid and to note any differences with respect to host age and sex. the raccoons were classified as either juveniles (animals less than 1 yr old) or adults. the prevalence for all the raccoons examined was 81.9% and is ... | 1985 | 4057003 |
| the raccoon ascarid. a probable cause of human ocular larva migrans. | the ability of raccoon roundworm larvae, baylisascaris procyonis, to produce ocular larva migrans (olm) was studied in various experimental animals. in addition, the clinical and pathologic lesions were compared to those in suspected cases of human ocular baylisascariasis, in patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn). ocular larva migrans was produced in squirrel monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, mice, hamsters, grey squirrels, and woodchucks orally infected with b. procyonis eg ... | 1985 | 4088627 |
| raccoon ascarid larvae (baylisascaris procyonis) as a cause of ocular larva migrans. | larvae of the common raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis, are known causes of visceral larva migrans and cns disease in animals and human beings. in the present experiments we examined the ability of b. procyonis to cause ocular larva migrans (olm) in subhuman primates, as an indication of its possible ocular zoonotic importance. squirrel monkeys given 5,000 or 10,000 infective b. procyonis eggs per os and cynomolgus monkeys given 20,000 eggs had clinical and histologic evidence of olm, b ... | 1984 | 6541214 |
| jejunal obstruction due to baylisascaris procyonis in a raccoon. | | 1984 | 6542558 |
| case 4. the first fatal baylisascaris infection in humans: an infant with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. | baylisascaris procyonis, the ascarid of raccoons, causes a characteristic, rapidly fatal eosinophilic meningoencephalitis with ocular involvement in many naturally and experimentally infected aberrant hosts, including monkeys. warnings that humans are potentially susceptible to the devastating infection have been issued, but an instance in humans has not been recognized. this report describes a boy who died from an eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, which mimicked b. procyonis infection in monkey ... | 1984 | 6542658 |
| experimental cerebrospinal nematodiasis due to baylisascaris procyonis in chickens. | avian cerebrospinal nematodiasis was studied in chickens experimentally inoculated with infective eggs of baylisascaris procyonis of raccoon origin. birds each received 3,200, 1,600, 800, 400, 200, or 0 eggs, one dose per group of 10 birds. central nervous system (cns) disease developed in 17 of the 50 infected birds. birds receiving the higher dosages exhibited the worst clinical signs, had higher mortality rates, lived for shorter duration, and had the most severe brain lesions. onset of cns d ... | 1983 | 6682655 |
| improved method for recovering ascarid and other helminth eggs from soil associated with epizootics and during survey studies. | two noncentrifugal and 5 centrifugal flotation methods for the recovery of infective baylisascaris procyonis eggs from contaminated soil were evaluated after an epizootic of fatal cerebrospinal nematodiasis in bobwhites. all involved the use of inexpensive, readily available materials and routine procedures. in all but 1 of the methods, sizes of the soil samples were 30 g; in 1 centrifugal method, the sample size was 1 g. the centrifugal methods included various combinations of (i) anionic deter ... | 1983 | 6683477 |
| experimental infection of domestic swine with baylisascaris procyonis from raccoons. | six 8-week-old ascarid-naive pigs which were experimentally infected with 72,000 embryonated baylisascaris procyonis eggs of raccoon origin developed lesions limited to the intestines and liver. intestinal lesions consisted of multifocal areas of inflammation by macrophages, eosinophils, and lymphocytes in the mucosa and submucosa, in association with baylisascaris larvae; similar lesions were seen in the mesenteric lymph nodes. typical white, granulation type, multifocal interstitial hepatitis ... | 1984 | 6742572 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the labia of baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda). | the labial organization of adult baylisascaris procyonis was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and found to be similar for males and females. the apical part of each lip was smooth, and the basal part reticulated. the dorsal lip possessed two dorsolateral double papillae and two internal labial papillae; the two subventral lips each had one ventrolateral double and one externolateral papilla, two internal labial papillae, and an amphid. the small papilla of each double set was dome-shaped ... | 1982 | 6889644 |
| prevalence of eggs of baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda:ascaroidea) in raccoon scats from an urban and a rural community. | twenty-six of 97 (27%) scats from raccoons (procyon lotor) in an urban area and 37 of 121 (31%) scats from raccoons collected in a rural area of indiana during october and november of 1980 contained eggs of baylisascaris procyonis, an ascarid of animal health significance. raccoons that were livetrapped from the same areas had similar prevalences of b. procyonis eggs in their feces. therefore, monitoring the prevalence of b. procyonis in raccoon populations by analyzing scats appeared to be feas ... | 1982 | 6891409 |
| baylisascaris procyonis and eimerian infections in raccoons. | twenty-eight raccoons from columbus, ohio, were surveyed for intestinal parasites. baylisascaris procyonis was found in 7, trichurid eggs in 2, capillarid eggs in 8, trichostrongyloid eggs in 9, and eimeria procyonis oocysts in 23. meronts, gamonts, and oocysts of e procyonis were found in epithelial cells at the tips of the villi of small intestine. meronts were 7 x 5.5 microns and contained 4 to 10 merozoites which were 5 x 1.5 microns. male gamonts were 15.5 x 11.7 microns and contained numer ... | 1982 | 7174446 |
| cerebrospinal nematodiasis and visceral larva migrans in an australian (latham's) brush turkey. | cerebrospinal nematodiasis and visceral larva migrans were diagnosed in an australian (latham's) brush turkey (alectura lathami) that died at the indianapolis zoo following a progressive neurologic disease. histologically, multifocal areas of malacia, necrosis, and inflammation were seen in sections of cerebrum, cerebellum, and midbrain; lesions were most severe in the cerebellum. a large granuloma in a lung contained cross sections of a large ascarid larva identified as baylisascaris. the cns l ... | 1982 | 7174447 |
| raccoon ascarid larvae as a cause of fatal central nervous system disease in subhuman primates. | to assess the danger of baylisascaris procyonis (the common roundworm of raccoons) to subhuman primates, as well as the zoonotic potential of the parasite, 4 squirrel monkeys were inoculated by stomach tube with 5,000 or 10,500 infective b procyonis eggs. fulminating severe cns disease developed at 10-15 days after inoculation, and the monkeys died or were euthanatized at 12-19 days. at necropsy, numerous hemorrhagic migration tracks were visible in coronal brain slices. histologically, numerous ... | 1981 | 7199033 |
| verminous encephalitis in commercial chickens. | an outbreak of fatal encephalitis in four-week-old chickens is described. the causal agent was shown to be baylisascaris procyonis, the common roundworm of raccoons. | 1980 | 7436967 |
| encephalitic nematodiasis in a douglas squirrel and a rock dove ascribed to baylisascaris procyonis. | | 1995 | 7497427 |
| cerebrospinal larva migrans due to baylisascaris procyonis in a guinea pig colony. | four guinea pigs from a colony of approximately 50 animals were examined for progressive neurologic disease of 5 days' duration. signs of neurologic dysfunction included cachexia, stupor, hyperexcitability, lateral recumbency, and opisthotonos. results of gross pathologic, microbiologic, and serologic examinations were unremarkable. histologic examination of cerebral and cerebellar sections revealed multifocal malacia and regions of eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation. cross-sections of nema ... | 1995 | 7752610 |
| diagnosis and management of baylisascaris procyonis infection in an infant with nonfatal meningoencephalitis. | baylisacaris procyonis, the common raccoon ascarid, is known to cause life-threatening visceral, neural, and ocular larva migrans in mammals and birds. two human fatalities have been previously described; however, little is known about the spectrum of human disease caused by b. procyonis. in this report, the case of a 13-month-old child who had nonfatal meningoencephalitis secondary to b. procyonis infection is presented. the suspected diagnosis was confirmed with use of newly developed enzyme i ... | 1994 | 8086545 |
| diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. morphometric, serologic, and epidemiologic support for baylisascaris as a causative agent. | several nematodes have been postulated as etiologic agents in diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn), but the cause of this condition remains uncertain. the authors report the first case of dusn from the western united states (northern california), along with morphometric, serologic, and epidemiologic evidence supporting baylisascaris procyonis as its cause. | 1993 | 8233397 |
| diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis syndrome in a german most likely caused by the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis. | | 1993 | 8428681 |
| visceral larva migrans induced eosinophilic cardiac pseudotumor: a cause of sudden death in a child. | a case of fatal cardiac larva migrans in a 10-year-old boy is described. the autopsy findings were quite dramatic, with a bosselated, sessile polypoid mass involving the left ventricular myocardium and protruding into the ventricular lumen. the precise morphologic characterization of the zoonotic ascarid larva was impaired by advanced resorption of the larva by an inflammatory infiltrate. nonetheless, morphometry of the larval remnants strongly suggested the raccoon ascarid, baylisascaris procyo ... | 1995 | 8522917 |
| efficacy of six anthelmintics against luminal stages of baylisascaris procyonis in naturally infected raccoons (procyon lotor). | the efficacy of six anthelmintics against natural infections of baylisascaris procyonis in raccoons (n = 7 per drug) was determined in a series of critical tests. the drugs were given via moist cat food as a single dose or once daily for three consecutive days. raccoons treated with pyrantel embonate (1 x 20 mg base kg-1 bodyweight (bwt.)), ivermectin (1 x 1 mg kg-1 bwt.), moxidectin (1 x 1 mg kg-1 bwt.), albendazole (3 x 50 mg kg-1 bwt.), fenbendazole (3 x 50 mg kg-1 bwt.) or flubendazole (3 x ... | 1995 | 8644451 |
| baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans in a puppy: a case report and update for the veterinarian. | baylisascaris larva migrans (lm) has been recognized as a cause of central nervous system (cns) disease in puppies. a presumptive antemortem diagnosis is based on a history of raccoon exposure, clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilic pleocytosis, and peripheral blood eosinophilia. early diagnosis is critical for treatment or prevention of disease in other dogs, animals, or humans exposed to the suspected contaminated area. in the present case, an antemortem diagnosis was not made, empha ... | 1996 | 8963740 |
| baylisascariasis in raccoons from southern coastal texas. | two hundred and two baylisascaris procyonis were collected from 23 (70%) of 33 raccoons (procyon lotor) at three localities in southern coastal texas (usa). abundances of b. procyonis were similar among collection localities. the presence of b. procyonis in texas is confirmed, and this record considerably extends the potential range of baylisascariasis larval migrans in north america. | 1997 | 9249718 |
| naturally occurring cerebral nematodiasis due to baylisascaris larval migration in two black-and-white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata variegata) and suspected cases in three emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). | during september and october 1992, two black-and-white ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata variegata) were housed in an outdoor wire enclosure at the tulsa zoological park. the following february and april, both lemurs developed head tilt and ataxia, and they were euthanized. necropsy revealed multifocal malacia of the white matter of the pons, cerebellum, internal capsule, and cerebral and cerebellar peduncles. nematode larvae consistent with baylisascaris spp. were observed in the brain of one le ... | 1997 | 9279412 |
| susceptibility of peromyscus leucopus and mus musculus to infection with baylisascaris procyonis. | in this study, we compared the susceptibility of peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse), a common natural intermediate host, and mus musculus, a commonly used experimental model, to infection with larvae of the raccoon ascarid, baylisascaris procyonis. three groups of 10 mice of each species were given 50, 250, or 500 infective b. procyonis eggs by gavage. the mice were observed daily for clinical signs of central nervous system (cns) disease and at necropsy the distribution of larvae in 10 bo ... | 1997 | 9406787 |
| single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp)-based mutation scanning approaches to fingerprint sequence variation in ribosomal dna of ascaridoid nematodes. | in this study, we assessed single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp)-based approaches for their capacity to fingerprint sequence variation in ribosomal dna (rdna) of ascaridoid nematodes of veterinary and/or human health significance. the second internal transcribed spacer region (its-2) of rdna was utilised as the target region because it is known to provide species-specific markers for this group of parasites. its-2 was amplified by pcr from genomic dna derived from individual parasites a ... | 1998 | 9694283 |
| [infections with baylisascaris procyonis in humans and raccoons]. | baylisascaris procyonis is an ascarid which parasitizes the small intestine of raccoons. the parasite is not very pathogenic in the raccoon because larvae do not migrate in this host. in other animals the larvae migrate through the body. they do not develop into adult worms in the intestine but rather become encysted in granulomas, showing a preference for the brain. in humans these larvae cause different larva migrans syndromes. patients with neural larva migrans syndrome show severe brain symp ... | 1998 | 9728387 |
| cerebrospinal nematodiasis in a white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar) due to baylisascaris sp. | an adult white-handed gibbon (hylobates lar) at a zoo in eastern kansas was euthanized after developing a head tremor, generalized motor incoordination, and partial paresis of the right arm that persisted over 2 yr. magnetic resonance imaging early in the course of the disease demonstrated a localized left frontal lobe cerebritis. larvae morphologically consistent with a baylisascaris species were seen in tissue sections of the cerebrum and cerebellum. epizootiologic investigation, which include ... | 1998 | 9732041 |
| implications of raccoon latrines in the epizootiology of baylisascariasis. | raccoons (procyon lotor) frequently establish defecation sites, termed latrines, on large logs, stumps, rocks, and other horizontally oriented structures/surfaces. these latrines are important foci of infective eggs of baylisascaris procyonis, a nematode parasite of raccoons which is pathogenic to numerous species of mammals and birds. to examine the role of raccoon latrines in this animal-parasite interaction, we documented animal visitations to raccoon latrines in two large forested tracts and ... | 1999 | 10479081 |
| radiologic-pathologic findings in raccoon roundworm (baylisascaris procyonis) encephalitis. | a 13-month-old boy developed eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, retinitis, and a protracted encephalopathy with severe residual deficits. the initial mr examination revealed diffuse periventricular white matter disease, and follow-up images showed atrophy. brain biopsy, serology, and epidemiologic studies lead to the diagnosis of baylisascaris procyonis infection, a parasitic disease contracted through exposure to soil contaminated by the eggs of a common raccoon intestinal roundworm. the patholo ... | 2000 | 10696033 |
| intestinal parasites of raccoons (procyon lotor) from southwest british columbia. | this is the first extensive survey of metazoan parasites (particularly of the roundworm baylisascaris procyonis) from the intestines of raccoons in british columbia. the sample collected in 1997-1998 consisted of 82 raccoons that had been sick or had been killed accidentally by automobiles. fifteen parasite taxa were found: 3 nematodes, 9 digenetic trematodes, 2 acanthocephalans and 1 cestode. ten of these parasites constitute new host records for raccoons, including 4 digenetic trematodes that ... | 2000 | 10805249 |
| raccoon roundworm (baylisascaris procyonis) encephalitis: case report and field investigation. | baylisascaris procyonis is a common and widespread parasite of raccoons in the united states and canada. with large raccoon populations occurring in many areas, the potential risk of human infection with b procyonis is high. we report a case of severe raccoon roundworm (b procyonis) encephalitis in a young child to illustrate the unique clinical, diagnostic, and treatment aspects, as well as public health concerns of b procyonis infection. acute and convalescent serum and cerebrospinal fluid sam ... | 2000 | 11015551 |
| eosinophil-associated inflammation and elaboration of eosinophil-derived proteins in 2 children with raccoon roundworm (baylisascaris procyonis) encephalitis. | eosinophil-associated proteins, especially eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, may be important contributors to the neurologic pathology and symptoms caused by baylisascaris procyonis infection. | 2001 | 11694677 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. raccoon roundworm encephalitis--chicago, illinois, and los angeles, california, 2000. | | 2002 | 11838448 |
| first outbreak of baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans in rabbits in japan. | a syndrome of progressive neurological signs was noticed in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) kept in a small wildlife park in mid-july 2000. three out of 12 common raccoons (procyon lotor) kept in this park were infected with baylisascaris procyonis, and the larvae were found from affected rabbits. this outbreak is the first proven b. procyonis larva migrans in japan, and the potential risk of serious zoonosis by this ascarid species should be considered by pet owners, veterinarians, physicians a ... | 2002 | 11880233 |
| baylisascaris procyonis: an emerging helminthic zoonosis. | baylisascaris procyonis, a roundworm infection of raccoons, is emerging as an important helminthic zoonosis, principally affecting young children. raccoons have increasingly become peridomestic animals living in close proximity to human residences. when b. procyonis eggs are ingested by a host other than a raccoon, migration of larvae through tissue, termed larval migrans, ensues. this larval infection can invade the brain and eye, causing severe disease and death. the prevalence of b. procyonis ... | 2002 | 11971766 |
| fatal cerebrospinal disease caused by baylisascaris procyonis in domestic rabbits. | infection with baylisascaris procyonis, the common roundworm of raccoons, was found to be the cause of an epizootic of fatal cns disease in domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). clinical signs included torticollis, ataxia, tremors, and falling. gross lesions were limited to white, raised nodules (1 to 1.5 mm) on the epicardium, endocardium, and liver serosa, and they were found to be larval granulomas. microscopic lesions included multifocal myocarditis, multifocal hemorrhagic tracks and ass ... | 1983 | 12002587 |
| baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda: ascaridoidea) eggs in raccoon (procyon lotol) latrine scats in orange county, california. | baylisascaris procyonis is the common intestinal nematode of the raccoon and is well-recognized as a cause of visceral, ocular, and neural larva migrans in many species of wild and domestic birds and mammals, including humans. to develop data on the prevalence of b. procyonis in orange county, california, 800 distinct raccoon latrine sites were sampled in 4 spatial zones from 15 january to 31 december 2000. counts of fecal eggs per gram (epg) were determined and evaluated with reference to spati ... | 2002 | 12053964 |
| baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda: ascarididae) larva migrans in free-ranging wildlife in orange county, california. | baylisascaris procyonis is well recognized as a cause of visceral (vlm), ocular, and neural (nlm) larva migrans in birds and mammals, including man. a study of the prevalence of larva migrans in free-ranging wildlife associated with raccoon latrines as well as a retrospective study of wildlife mortalities with neurological disease was conducted in 2000 in orange county, california. eighty-seven birds of 18 species and 64 mammals of 8 species were found to have nlm or vlm or both. nlm clinical si ... | 2002 | 12054001 |
| neural larva migrans caused by the raccoon roundworm baylisascaris procyonis. | baylisascaris procyonis, the common raccoon roundworm, is a rare cause of devastating or fatal neural larva migrans in infants and young children. we describe the clinical features of two children from suburban chicago who developed severe, nonfatal b. procyonis neural larva migrans. despite treatment with albendazole and high dose corticosteroids, both patients are neurologically devastated. in many regions of north america, large populations of raccoons with high rates of endemic b. procyonis ... | 2002 | 12394823 |
| baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda: ascaridae) in raccoons (procyon lotor) in orange county, california. | baylisascaris procyonis is one of the common nematodes of the raccoon (procyon lotor), being well recognized as a cause of visceral, ocular, and neural larval migrans in many species of wild and domestic birds and mammals, including humana. between january 15 and december 31, 2000 in orange county, ca, 640 raccoons (p. lotor) were live-trapped in four spatial distributions zones, and b. procyonis egg shedding prevalence and fecal egg per gram (epg) counts were determined in relation to spatial d ... | 2001 | 12653152 |
| diffuse retinochoroiditis due to baylisascaris procyonis in monglian gerbils. | baylisascaris procyonis, raccoon roundworm, causes a severe retinal lesion in humans. the lesion is termed as diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn). to understand the pathogenesis of b. procyonis in gerbils, we inoculated 17 embryonated eggs/g body weight of b. procyonis into 15 male mongolian gerbils, merionis ungiculatus, and monitored their fundi with an ophthalmoscope. six of 15 gerbils (40%) showed severe retinitis with a sinuous track due to larval movement. the lesions extende ... | 2003 | 12659323 |
| epidemiological aspects of the first outbreak of baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans in rabbits in japan. | larva migrans caused by the common raccoon ascarid, baylisascaris procyonis, is a zoonotic disease of critical importance in north america. recently we encountered the first proven outbreak of this disease in japan in domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) in a small wildlife park. in this park, raccoons (procyon lotor) had been kept for 9 years, and one raccoon was donated to the park by a pet owner 8 weeks prior to the occurrence of an outbreak in rabbits. of 12 total raccoons, three raccoon ... | 2003 | 12736426 |
| eye findings of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis and multiple choroidal infiltrates associated with neural larva migrans due to bbaylisascaris procyonis. | to report childhood infection with baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon round worm) manifesting as diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn) and choroidal infiltrates in association with neurologic disease (neural larva migrans). | 2003 | 12788132 |
| neuropathological observation of rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) affected with raccoon roundworm (baylisascaris procyonis) larva migrans in japan. | larvae of the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis (b. procyonis) are a known cause of cerebrospinal larva migrans in animals and humans. the present paper described details of the central nervous lesion in the rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) affected with b. procyonis larva migrans in japan. clinically affected animals showed neurological signs including circling, torticollis, tremor of head, or ataxic gait. the most characteristic pathological alterations were large malacic lesions assoc ... | 2003 | 12867729 |
| raccoon roundworm (baylisascaris procyonis). | | 2003 | 12867843 |
| raccoon roundworm eggs near homes and risk for larva migrans disease, california communities. | the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis, is increasingly recognized as a cause of serious or fatal larva migrans disease in humans and animals. we assessed the potential for infection in three northern california communities by determining the density and distribution of raccoon latrines, where transmission primarily occurs, and the prevalence of eggs at private residences. we collected fecal samples from 215 latrines and found that 44%-53% of the latrines contained b. procyonis eggs and ... | 2003 | 14720389 |
| baylisascaris procyonis in the metropolitan atlanta area. | baylisascaris procyonis, the raccoon roundworm responsible for fatal larva migrans in humans, has long been thought to be absent from many regions in the southeastern united states. during spring 2002, 11 (22%) of 50 raccoons trapped in dekalb county, georgia, had b. procyonis infection. the increasing number of cases highlight this emerging zoonotic infection. | 2003 | 14720412 |
| larva migrans by baylisascaris transfuga: fatal neurological diseases in mongolian jirds, but not in mice. | raccoon roundworms (baylisascaris procyonis) and other baylisascaris species cause patent or latent larva migrans (lm) in a variety of mammals and birds, including humans. it is not clear whether lm by baylisascaris transfuga, roundworms of bears, is associated with clinical neurological disorders. to clarify this issue, icr and balb/c mice as well as mongolian jirds (meriones unguiculatus) were orally inoculated with 2,000-5,000 embryonated eggs of b. transfuga. in mice, the ascarid caused symp ... | 2004 | 15357068 |
| baylisascaris procyonis in california. | | 2004 | 15503410 |
| raccoon roundworm encephalitis. | the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis, is increasingly recognized as a cause of zoonotic visceral, ocular, and neural larva migrans and, in particular, of devastating encephalitis in young children. exposure occurs mainly at raccoon latrines, where large numbers of infective eggs may be accidentally ingested. risk factors for infection include contact with raccoon latrines, pica/geophagia, age of <4 years, and male sex. the severity of central nervous system (cns) disease depends on the ... | 2004 | 15546085 |
| severe and fatal central nervous system disease in humans caused by baylisascaris procyonis, the common roundworm of raccoons: a review of current literature. | baylisascaris procyonis, a parasitic infection of raccoons, causes severe neurologic disease in humans when infective eggs from raccoon feces are ingested. definitive diagnosis is challenging, but can be made by isolation of larvae in brain biopsy or exclusion of other potential causes of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. prevention efforts are critical due to the lack of effective treatment. | 2005 | 15715975 |
| a survey of environmental contamination with ascarid ova, wallingford, connecticut. | few studies have been conducted in the united states to quantify the potential risk associated with encountering zoonotic ascarid ova in the environment. in an effort to raise awareness and to better understand the risk of acquiring visceral larva migrans in south central connecticut, this environmental survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of ascarid ova (toxocara canis, toxocara cati, baylisascaris columnaris, and baylisascaris procyonis) in public areas of wallingford, connecticut, ... | 2005 | 15815147 |
| survey of raccoons on key largo, florida, usa, for baylisascaris procyonis. | numbers of the endangered key largo woodrat (klwr; neotoma floridana smalli) have been declining for at least 25 yr. the raccoon (procyon lotor) roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis, has been found to have an adverse effect on the survival of alleghany woodrats (n. magister). high densities of raccoons can exacerbate this problem by increasing the amount of feces containing viable eggs of b. procyonis available to woodrats. in 2002, 64 fecal samples were collected and examined for eggs of b. procy ... | 2005 | 15827232 |
| treatment of baylisascaris procyonis infections in dogs with milbemycin oxime. | an examination was made as to the ability of sentinel flavor tabs (milbemycin oxime/lufenuron) to treat baylisascaris procyonis infections in dogs. the study was designed as a critical trial and included five naturally infected dogs and two dogs that were experimentally infected. another dog from a prior clinical trial that was treated with sentinel flavor tabs as part of the original fda submission package for intestinal nematode infections was also included with the treated dogs. of the five n ... | 2005 | 15845284 |
| fatal baylisascaris larva migrans in a colony of japanese macaques kept by a safari-style zoo in japan. | a colony of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata fuscata) kept by a safari-style zoo in japan experienced 9 sporadic cases of fatal neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and posterior paralysis, during the 12 yr from 1989 to 2001. this macaque colony consisted of approximately 30 animals, on average, during this period, and the macaques shared their living space with ii american black bears (ursus americanus) harboring zoonotic roundworms (baylisascaris transfuga). close to this enclosure, a cote ... | 2005 | 16108577 |
| navigating parasite webs and parasite flow: emerging and re-emerging parasitic zoonoses of wildlife origin. | wildlife are now recognised as an important source of emerging human pathogens, including parasites. this paper discusses the linkages between wildlife, people, zoonotic parasites and the ecosystems in which they co-exist, revisits definitions for 'emerging' and 're-emerging', and lists zoonotic parasites that can be acquired from wildlife including, for some, estimates of the associated global human health burdens. the paper also introduces the concepts of 'parasite webs' and 'parasite flow', p ... | 2005 | 16168994 |
| baylisascariasis. | the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis, is the most common and widespread cause of clinical larva migrans in animals. in addition, it is increasingly recognized as a cause of devastating or fatal neural larva migrans in infants and young children and ocular larva migrans in adults. humans become infected by accidentally ingesting infective b. procyonis eggs from raccoon latrines or articles contaminated with their feces. two features distinguish b. procyonis from other helminthes that ca ... | 2005 | 16223954 |
| epizootiology of an outbreak of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in cottontail rabbits and woodchucks. | an epizootic of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) and woodchucks (marmota monax) caused by baylisascaris procyonis larvae followed the establishment of an ascarid-infected raccoon (procyon lotor) population in a woodlot. five of seven raccoons examined from the woodlot harbored ascarids, with one heavily infected animal shedding approximately 27,500 eggs per gram of feces. a laboratory-reared cottontail rabbit developed neurologic disease due to larval migr ... | 1976 | 16498877 |
| raccoon roundworm. | | 2006 | 16682706 |
| central nervous system and eye manifestations of infection with baylisascaris procyonis. | baylisascaris procyonis, a parasitic infection of raccoons, causes severe neurologic and ocular disease in humans when infectious eggs from raccoon feces are ingested. in the absence of a serologic test, definitive diagnosis is challenging but can be made by isolation of larvae in brain biopsy, direct visualization of the worm in the eye, or exclusion of other potential causes of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. currently, no effective treatment has been identified, making preventive efforts cr ... | 2006 | 16822375 |
| migration of baylisascaris procyonis into the vitreous. | | 2006 | 16929065 |
| visceral and presumptive neural baylisascariasis in an orangutan (pongo pygmaeus). | a 32.5-year-old female hybrid orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) developed hind-limb stiffness that progressed to tetraparesis over 2 wk. repeated diagnostic evaluations, including serial magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system, revealed nonspecific lesions involving both the deep white and gray matter with an intact blood-brain barrier. multiple empirical treatments failed to produce improvement and the animal was humanely euthanized. histology of a granuloma in the ileum contained a n ... | 2006 | 17315445 |
| thermal death point of baylisascaris procyonis eggs. | | 2007 | 17370540 |
| migration behaviour and pathogenesis of five ascarid nematode species in the mongolian gerbil meriones unguiculatus. | to understand the characteristic features of the mongolian gerbil, meriones unguiculatus, as an animal model of ascarid infections, the migration behaviour and pathogenesis of larvae were investigated in experimentally infected gerbils. embryonated eggs from each of toxocara canis, baylisascaris procyonis, b. transfuga, ascaris suum, and a. lumbricoides were orally inoculated into gerbils and larvae were recovered from various organs at designated periods. in t. canis-infected gerbils, larvae we ... | 2007 | 17381866 |
| canine distemper in wild raccoons (procyon lotor) at the metropolitan toronto zoo. | an outbreak of canine distemper, involving at least 23 wild raccoons, occurred at the metropolitan toronto zoo between may and august 1981. wild red foxes were not found with distemper and the disease did not occur in the captive collection. the main clinical signs were lethargy, bilateral purulent ocular discharge, dehydration and emaciation. the main pathological findings were generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and interstitial pneumonia. heavy infestations with intestinal nematodes (b ... | 1984 | 17422359 |
| ontario. cerebral nematodiasis caused by the raccoon ascarid (baylisascaris procyonis) in chinchillas. | | 1989 | 17423462 |
| full recovery from baylisascaris procyonis eosinophilic meningitis. | infection by baylisascaris procyonis is an uncommon but devastating cause of eosinophilic meningitis. we report the first case-patient, to our knowledge, who recovered from b. procyonis eosinophilic meningitis without any recognizable neurologic deficits. the spectrum of illness for this organism may be wider than previously recognized. | 2007 | 17553240 |
| review on electron microscopy in taxonomy and biology of parasitic nemathelminthes. | electron microscopy (em) proved a very helpful means that solved a lot of information in different scientific aspects. em is a very good tool in the hospitals and research centers. it was aimed to pile up available information on the biology in the descriptive morphology of nematodes and their immature stages by scanning (sem) and transmission (tem) electron microscopy. watson (1965a, b) studied euchromadora vulgaris and ascaris sp. by using tem respectively. lee (1969) investigated the ultra-st ... | 2007 | 17580570 |
| baylisascaris procyonis infection in a moluccan cockatoo (cacatua moluccensis). | an adult female moluccan cockatoo (cacatua moluccensis) was evaluated for a 10-day history of progressive ataxia and weakness. the bird had been exposed intermittently over a 3-day period to a cage that had previously housed juvenile raccoons. results of diagnostic tests were inconclusive and, despite supportive care, the bird died 7 days after the initial presentation. histopathologic examination revealed a single nematode larva in the midbrain that was consistent with baylisascaris species and ... | 2007 | 18087940 |
| [visceral and cutaneous larva migrans]. | the syndrome of visceral larva migrans was described for the first time in 1952 by beaver. he demonstrated that the presence of nematodes larvae, particularly in the liver, were those of toxocara canis and t. cati. baylisascaris procyonis, the common racoon ascarid in the u.s.a. can also cause serious diseases in human. digestive and respiratory clinical symptoms are usually moderate, however severe disease resulting from invasion of the myocardium or the brain has been reported. a blood hypereo ... | 2007 | 18326429 |
| land-use effects on prevalence of raccoon roundworm (baylisascaris procyonis). | the raccoon (procyon lotor) is the definitive host of baylisascaris procyonis, a large intestinal roundworm that is zoonotic and can result in fatal or severe central nervous system disease in young children. prevalence of infection among raccoon populations often is high, and in the midwestern united states, b. procyonis has been reported in 68-82% of raccoons. raccoon populations have increased in response to changes in human land use, and often reach higher densities in urban and suburban lan ... | 2008 | 18689644 |
| visceral and neural larva migrans in rhesus macaques. | large ascarid larvae within granulomas were noted histologically in the mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes of 13 of 21 rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) euthanized as part of an experimental viral pathogenesis study. in addition, 7 of the 13 monkeys had cerebral granulomas, which in 4 animals contained nematode larvae similar to those within the lymph nodes. despite the lesions, the animals did not show clinical signs associated with the parasitic infections. characteristics of the larvae incl ... | 2008 | 18702454 |
| baylisascaris procyonis encephalitis in patagonian conures (cyanoliseus patagonus), crested screamers (chauna torquata), and a western canadian porcupine (erethizon dorsatum epixanthus) in a manitoba zoo. | neurological disease occurred in 4 patagonian conures (cyanoliseus patagonus), 2 crested screamer chicks (chauna torquata), and 1 western canadian porcupine (erethizon dorsatum epixanthus) at a manitoba zoo. baylisascaris procyonis, the common raccoon roundworm, not previously identified in manitoba, is considered the likely cause of neural larval migrans in these cases. | 2008 | 19043485 |
| pcr assays for detection of baylisascaris procyonis eggs and larvae. | the objective of this study was to develop polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for detection of baylisascaris procyonis eggs and larvae in fecal, environmental, and tissue samples. we have optimized conventional and real-time pcr assays for b. procyonis using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 2 gene as the target for amplification. the lower limit of detection of the parasite genomic dna was 10 pg in the conventional pcr and 100 fg in the real-time pcr. in both pcr assays, specific amplifi ... | 2009 | 19090651 |
| prevalence of baylisascaris procyonis in raccoons (procyon lotor) in portland, oregon, usa. | we investigated the prevalence of baylisascaris procyonis in raccoons living in the metropolitan area of portland, oregon, usa, in order to assess the potential public health risk involved in the transmission of b. procyonis to humans and companion animals. sixty-nine euthanized raccoons were collected from portland wildlife-control agencies. infection with b. procyonis was determined through the harvesting of adult worms from raccoon intestines during necropsy and by fecal analysis using modifi ... | 2009 | 19204331 |
| cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in dogs. | marked eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalomyelitis (eme) is rarely reported in dogs and the cause is usually undetermined. long-term prognosis for dogs with cerebrospinal fluid (csf) eosinophilia is variable. | 2009 | 19210314 |
| helminthic eosinophilic meningitis: emerging zoonotic diseases in the south. | today most emerging infectious diseases, such as west nile virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), arise in the natural environment as zoonoses and are often imported into the united states (us). the most common helminthic infections that can cause eosinophilic meningitis (eom) in the us, neuroangiostrongyliasis and baylisascariasis, share many of the characteristics of emerging infectious diseases. neuroangiostrongyliasis, a rodent zoonosis caused by the rat lungworm, angiostrongylu ... | 2008 | 19283982 |
| the relationship between baylisascaris procyonis prevalence and raccoon population structure. | parasite transmission is a dynamic process that can be affected by factors including host and parasite population dynamics. raccoons ( procyon lotor ) are the definitive host of baylisascaris procyonis , an intestinal roundworm. transmission of this parasite has been linked to raccoon behavior and human land-use patterns; however, we do not know the importance of host population structure. therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between raccoon population attribu ... | 2009 | 19480537 |
| global neurologic deficits with baylisascaris encephalitis in a previously healthy teenager. | we present a case of acute eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by baylisascaris procyonis in a previously healthy teenager with a history of substance abuse. treatment included methylprednisolone; no anthelmintic drugs were administered. this case identifies a new risk factor, altered behavior related to substance abuse, and a newly described outcome of cognitive deficits for b. procyonis disease in older children. | 2009 | 19738504 |
| differentiation of larva migrans caused by baylisascaris procyonis and toxocara species by western blotting. | baylisascaris procyonis and toxocara species are two important causes of larva migrans in humans. larva migrans caused by toxocara spp. is well known and is diagnosed serologically by enzyme immunoassay. over a dozen cases of larva migrans and associated eosinophilic encephalitis caused by b. procyonis have also been reported, and at least a dozen additional cases are known. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using the excretory-secretory (es) antigen of b. procyonis larvae is currentl ... | 2009 | 19741091 |
| backyard raccoon latrines and risk for baylisascaris procyonis transmission to humans. | | 2009 | 19788835 |
| prevalence and distribution of baylisascaris procyonis in urban raccoons (procyon lotor) in winnipeg, manitoba. | the prevalence of baylisascaris procyonis was estimated in the urban raccoon population of winnipeg through the fecal flotation of raccoon feces collected at active latrines and through gross postmortem and fecal flotation of samples collected from nuisance raccoons. fecal flotation of latrine-collected feces was positive in 33 of 89 samples and, of 52 latrines identified, 26 were positive on 1 or more occasions. trapped individual raccoons subjected to postmortem examination were positive in 57 ... | 2009 | 19881923 |
| baylisascaris procyonis in raccoons (procyon lotor) in eastern tennessee. | raccoon (procyon lotor) carcasses (n=118) were collected from july through december 2007 throughout eastern tennessee. necropsies were performed, and baylisascaris procyonis was collected from the gastrointestinal tract of infected carcasses. prevalence rates were determined for the overall sample population, males and females, and adults and juveniles. the sample population had a b. procyonis prevalence of 12.7%. males and females had a prevalence of 15% and 11%, respectively; prevalence in adu ... | 2009 | 19901404 |
| evaluation of a molecular beacon real-time pcr assay for detection of baylisascaris procyonis in different soil types and water samples. | baylisascaris procyonis is a helminth parasite commonly found in north american raccoons (procyon lotor) that is a cause of clinical neural, ocular, and visceral larva migrans in humans when infective eggs are ingested. rapid detection of b. procyonis eggs in contaminated soil and water would assist public health analysts in evaluating risks associated with public exposure to areas of known raccoon activity. in this study, a molecular beacon probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 2010 | 19956972 |