| [echinococcus multilocularis causing extensive biliary obstruction (author's transl)]. | infection of man by echinococcus multilocularis occurs relatively seldom, most commonly localizing in the liver in the manner of a malignant tumour. a case of alveolar hydatid disease is reported presenting with extensive biliary obstruction, and a large cavitation in the liver due to necrosis. a review of epidemiology, clinical and roentgenological findings is given. | 1975 | 49287 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in the mouse: the in vitro protoscolicidal activity of peritoneal macrophages. | | 1977 | 340398 |
| visceral larva migrans and alveolar hydatid disease. dangers real or imagined. | for both visceral larva migrans and alveolar hydatid diseases, it is the feces of companion animals that are the primary source of human infection. clearly, whatever is done to reduce this form of environmental contamination and the prevalence of the parasites' infective stages will help to protect the health of the human population in the united states and canada, particularly the children. very important are appropriate anthelmintic treatment programs, especially for t. canis, and proper contr ... | 1978 | 356405 |
| [the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test with paraffin-embedded histological sections as antigen in experimental echinococcosis (author's transl)]. | a modification of the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of infections with metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis is described. formol alcohol was used as fixative mixture for the antigen materials; as embeding medium served paraffin. in positive reactions the peripheral protoscolex-layers showed a bright yellow-green fluorescence. specificity and sensibility in the animal model experiment are to be expressed as very good. | 1978 | 364798 |
| [fenbendazole therapy of experimental larval echinococcosis. 3. the antibody titer in the indirect immunofluorescent test (author's transl)]. | echinococcus multilocularis-infected nmri-mice treated with fenbendazole show a lower antibody titer in the immuno-fluorescence test than the untreated controls. between animals, which were infected with different parasite strains, also differences in the antibody titer are to be seen. the same applies to animals, which were dissected at different times p.i. as well: with increasing duration of the infection it was observed a higher titer. the mentioned differences are chiefly due to the close p ... | 1978 | 367008 |
| protection of cotton rats against experimental echinococcus multilocularis infections with bcg cell walls. | previous works has indicated that cotton rats treated with mycobacterium bovis strain bcg are effectively protected against an infection with the metastatically proliferating metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis. in an attempt to induce a similar protection in the absence of tubercular granulomatous lesions, cotton rats were treated with bcg cell walls. a single injection of 150 micrograms of cell walls, emulsified in mineral oil-tween-saline, 2 weeks before the inoculation of the parasit ... | 1979 | 378829 |
| humoral response to sheep red blood cells in c57l/j mice during early and chronic stages of infection with echinococcus multilocularis cysts. | c57l/j male mice infected with echinococcus multilocularis cysts were challenged intraperitoneally at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinfection (p.i.) with 3 x 10(9) sheep erythrocytes. the direct plaque forming cells, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-me) sensitive (4-day sera) and 2-me-resistant (8-day sera) haemagglutinin responses were significantly elevated at eight and 12 weeks p.i. as compared to controls or the fourweeks postinfected mice. possible mechanisms of immunopotentiation in the chronically infected ... | 1979 | 395785 |
| [the efficacy of praziquantel against experimental cysticercosis and hydatidosis (author's transl)]. | praziquantel is active against cysticerci in experimentally infected mice, rabbits, sheep and cattle. after single or repeated application the infectious stages of hymenolepis nana, cysticercus fasciolaris, c. pisiformis, c. tennuicollis and c. bovis were killed. the compound is more active against older than against younger stages as demonstrated with h. nana-cystecercoids and c. fasciolaris in mice. against the tetrahyridia of mesocestoides corti in mice praziquantel is only effective after an ... | 1978 | 417482 |
| the muskrat as an intermediate host of echinococcus multilocularis in montana. | | 1979 | 448595 |
| some intestinal parasites of arctic fox, banks island, n. w. t. | small intestinal parasitology of 50 trapped arctic fox taken on banks island, the northwest territories, showed a prevalence of taenia crassiceps (78%), toxascaris leonina (60%), echinococcus multilocularis (2%) and coccidia (2%). attention is drawn to the absence of toxocara sp. and of uncinaria sp. | 1979 | 497890 |
| case report of echinococcus multilocularis infection from the mid-western province of japan. | | 1979 | 536120 |
| [echinococcus multilocularis: superinfections in experimentally infected mice (author's transl)]. | the influence of subcutaneous superinfections following an intraperitoneal primary infection after 4 and 14 weeks respectively has been examined in echinococcus multiolcularis infected nmri-mice. it could be shown that the growth of subcutaneous echinococci is inhibited in superinfected mice (372 mg) if compared with control mice (903 mg parasite weight). other differences (composition of serum proteins and white blood cells, hemoglobin content) are exclusively due to the primary intraperitoneal ... | 1979 | 543004 |
| the effect of praziquantel on hymenolepis diminuta in vitro. | qualitative observations were made on hymenolepis diminuta, h. microstoma, h. nana and pre-adult echinococcus multilocularis in vitro. a dose as low as 0.0001 microgram praziquantel/ml affects the tapeworms, while concentrations of 0.01 - 0.1 and 1-10 microgram/ml cause contraction and paralysis in the contracted state within 10 min and 10-30 s, respectively. the in vitro effects of praziquantel on hymenolepis diminuta have been studied using anaerobic and aerobic incubations and media containin ... | 1979 | 543005 |
| the efficacy of praziquantel against cestodes in cats, dogs and sheep. | praziquantel is a new type of acylated isoquinoline-pyrazine. a single, low oral or subcutaneous dose of the compound is reliably effective against all tested juvenile and adult cestodes in cats, dogs and sheep. praziquantel is the first cestodicide which is also effective on bile duct cestodes. in cats and dogs, 5 mg praziquantel per kg is completely effective on all stages of taenia hydatigena, t pisiformis, t ovis, t taeniaeformis, dipylidium caninum, mesocestoides corti, echinococcus multilo ... | 1978 | 564542 |
| echinococcus multilocularis: complement's role in vivo in hydatid disease. | | 1977 | 598449 |
| [on echinococcus multilocularis in southern germany ii. development of the larval stages and histopathological reactions in common vole, microtus arvalis (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 601851 |
| evaluation of the indirect haemagglutination and intradermal tests on hydatid and nonhydatid cases. | evaluation of the immediate intradermal (id) test showed a direct relationship between nitrogen concentration and sensitivity. antigens of low nitrogen concentration were less reactive but more specific. intradermal antigens prepared from echinococcus multilocularis can be used in isfahan, iran, for the diagnosis of e. granulosus in man. the id delayed reaction was observed in a few patients who had positive immediate skin tests. because of its high sensitivity, the indirect haemagglutination (i ... | 1977 | 610023 |
| cellular changes in the lymphoreticular tissues of c57l/j mice infected with echinococcus multilocularis cysts. | the pathology of the spleen, lymph nodes and thymus of c57l/j mice, infected intraperitoneally with 20 and 100 cysts of echinococcus multilocularis is described at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks postinfection (p.i.). for the first 8 weeks, growth of the larval cyst mass (lcm) was slow and blastogenesis in t-dependent areas of both spleen and lymph nodes was moderate whereas in b-cell compartments it was intense. a rapid growth of the lcm between 8 and 12 weeks p.i., 15-20 times greater than for the first ... | 1978 | 658980 |
| studies on sylvatic echinococcosis. v. factors influencing prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis leuckart 1863, in red foxes from north dakota, 1965--1972. | a total of 1,153 red foxes, vulpes vulpes, was examined for strobilae of echinococcus multilocularis from 2 geographic regions in north dakota during 1965 through 1972. echinococcus multilocularis was found in 184 (16%) of these foxes. the data including date and location of collection, age and sex of the host, and presence or absence of the cestode were used to assess the relative influence of collection interval (sampling period), climatic season, geographic location, and age and sex of the ho ... | 1978 | 682065 |
| [fenbendazole therapy of experimental larval echinococcosis. i. the effect of fenbendazole on worm burden and protoscolex development of echinococcus multilocularis (author's transl)]. | application of fenbendazole (methyl-5-(phenyl-thio)-benzimidazole-2-carbamate) in echinococcus multilocularis infected mice showed a significant efficiency on the development of the cysts; the worm burden and the number of protoscolices were significantly reduced in the treated animals in comparison with the non-treated control mice. the degree of efficiency was subject to the way of application, the duration of medication, and the parasite strain: 1. on application of f. as medicated feed (500 ... | 1978 | 696062 |
| a clinical trial of mebendazole in the treatment of alveolar hydatid disease. | in july 1974, mebendazole was reported to be effective against the larval stage of echinococcus granulosus in experimentally infected mice. a clinical trial of mebendazole was initiated in december 1974 in 4 patients with far advanced, nonresectable lesions caused by echinococcus multilocularis. a daily dose of 40 mg of the drug per kg of body weight was administered to the 4 patients for more than 3 years. no evidence of toxicity or adverse reactions has been observed. detectable plasma mebenda ... | 1978 | 707895 |
| immunoprophylaxis with bcg of experimental echinococcus multilocularis infections. | previous studies have demonstrated that prophylactic treatment with bcg protects cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) against experimental infections with echinococcus multilocularis; this treatment can, however, induce granulomatous reactions. in an attempt to identify a minimum prophylactic dose of bcg which would not induce granulomas, cotton rats were treated intraperitoneally with various doses of bcg (10(1) to 10(7) colony-forming units [cfu]) and then inoculated intraperitoneally with one broo ... | 1978 | 711311 |
| echinococcus multilocularis: cell-mediated immune response in early and chronic alveolar murine hydatidosis. | | 1978 | 729696 |
| echinococcus multilocoularis infection in india: first case report proved at autopsy. | the occurrence of echinococcus multilocularis is reported in india for the first time. the patient was a young man, various clinical diagnoses were made and he finally died after an attempted membranotomy for suspected membranous obstruction in the inferior vena cava. autopsy revealed classical e. multilocularis infection of the liver with direct spread of the inferior vena cava, the right atrium and through the diaphragm into the base of the left lung. it also had caused an outflow tract obstru ... | 1978 | 734718 |
| alveolar hydatid disease in minnesota. first human case acquired in the contiguous united states. | a 56-year-old woman from southwestern minnesota underwent an extended left hepatic lobectomy to remove a large multinodular mass with a necrotic central cavity. the clinical, serological, and pathological findings led to the diagnosis of alveolar hydatid disease, and specific identification of echinococcus multilocularis was achieved by growing mature larvas in voles inoculated intraperitoneally with tissue from the hepatic lesions. the patient probably acquired her infection some years previous ... | 1979 | 762867 |
| preliminary identification and characterization of antigen extracts from onchocerca volvulus. | sequential extraction of onchocerca volvulus from skin nodules with buffers of different ionic strength resulted in a mixture of antigens which reacted in double immunodiffusion with sera from proven cases of onchocerciasis, the number of precipitation lines varied from 1 to 5. triton x-100 detached mainly cationic antigen proteins. it reduced the molecular size of many antigenic proteins, but did not effect their antigenicity. labelling of the extracted proteins with high specific activity 125i ... | 1976 | 824771 |
| host serum proteins in echinococcus multilocularis: complement activation via the classical pathway. | the presence of host serum proteins, including igg and igm, within the cyst membranes and on the surface of protoscoleces of echinococcus multilocularis was demonstrated by the use of hrpo-conjugated purified antisera. viable protoscoleces incubated either in edta- or egta-fresh human sera were not lysed; the addition of calcium restored the protoscolecidal activity of the egta serum. it is concluded that the complement-mediated lysis of this metazoan organism proceeds via the classical pathway ... | 1977 | 873569 |
| the natural occurrence of echinococcus multilocularis in the bushy-tailed woodrat, neotoma cinerea rupicola, in wyoming. | echinococcus multilocularis leuckart, 1863, is reported from neotoma cinerea rupicola allen in wyoming. this report represents new host and locality records for the cestode. the larva had undergone active multilocular vesiculation in the liver with minimal host-tissue reaction. protoscolices and calcareous corpuscles were absent. | 1977 | 907044 |
| [on the effect of mebendazole on metacestodes of mesocestoides corti and echinococcus multilocularis (author's transl)]. | mebendazole (5-benzoyl-2-methoxycarbonylaminobenzimidazole) was highly effective against tetrathydridia of mesocestoides corti in the peritoneal cavity, liver and in the subcutis of mice when administered orally in the food (450 or 465 ppm) from days 7 or 40/50 post infectionem (p.i.) for 10 or 20 days in total doses of approximately 660-1660 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). all tetrathyridia were killed when treatment began at day 7 p.i., and only some survived when medication was started on days 40/5 ... | 1976 | 988654 |
| [scanning electron microscope studies of echinococcus multilocularis cysts (author's transl)]. | in the present paper, morphologic studies on experimental echinococcosis are reported. following i.p. infection of gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) with echinococcus multilocularis scolices, the development of cysts within the internal organs of the experimental animals could be readily visualized by scanning electron microscopy. | 1976 | 1016476 |
| the effect of immunosuppression on secondary echinococcus multilocularis infections in mice. | | 1976 | 1082860 |
| comparison of yearly prevalences of echinococcus multilocularis leuckart 1863 in peromyscus maniculatus and microtus pennsylvanicus in north dakota. | | 1975 | 1104799 |
| in vitro suppression of segmentation in echinococcus multilocularis with morphological transformation of protoscoleces into monozoic adults. | when protoscoleces of echinococcus multilocularis were cultured in vitro, under axenic conditions in either monophasic or diphasic media, segmentation was suppressed in most organisms, some 70-80% of which developed into unsegmented, monozoic forms with a complete set of sexually mature male and female genitalia. the most striking feature of monozoic worms was the large lateral swelling produced by the cirrus sac the effect being to produce organisms with an unusual asymmetric shape. worms which ... | 1975 | 1178218 |
| effect of parenterally injected benzimidazole compounds on echinococcus multilocularis and taenia crassiceps metacestodes in laboratory animals. | in mice infected with metacestodes of taenia crassiceps, the following compounds were at least partially effective when injected intraperitoneally at the dosage indicated: cambendazole (500 mg/kg), mebendazole (6.25 mg/kg), oxibendazole (500 mg/kg), 5-benzamido-2(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole (500 mg/kg), 2-carboethoxyamino benzimidazole (125 mg/kg), and 2-carbomethoxyamino benzimidazole (500 mg/kg). the following were inactive at the dosage indicated: parbendazole (500 mg/kg), thiabendazole (1,000 ... | 1975 | 1242396 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in the cotton rat: growth of intrathoracic metastases following surgical removal of subcutaneous cysts. | | 1976 | 1262126 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in the cotton rat: the in vitro protoscolicidal activity of peritoneal cells. | | 1976 | 1279074 |
| lesions induced by complement in vitro on the protoscoleces of echinococcus multilocularis: a study by electron microscopy. | | 1976 | 1279075 |
| immune response to echinococcus multilocularis infection in the mouse model: a review. | echinococcus multilocularis is a cestode helminth which, along with e. granulosus, e. oligarthus and e. vogeli is a causative agent of hydatid disease in man. in the intermediate host (including man), cysts formed by the metacestode (larval stage) develop in the internal organs, causing functional impairment which often leads to the death of the host. in this review larval e. multilocularis infection in mice, the most popular experimental intermediate host, is examined, and the immune response t ... | 1992 | 1297005 |
| synthesis and in vitro activity of alkylaminoalkyloxy chromones on protoscoleces of echinococcus multilocularis (cestoda). | twelve derivatives with alkylaminoalkyloxy chromone structures were synthesized and tested upon protoscoleces of echinococcus multilocularis metacestode kept alive in vitro. assays were performed with protoscoleces attached to the germinal layer in open and in closed vesicles. compounds ivb and iiie at the concentration of 0.1 mmol.l-1 killed 50% of the protoscoleces in open vesicles in 48 hours and compound ivb killed 100% of the protoscoleces in open vesicles within 96 hours at the same concen ... | 1992 | 1300123 |
| [preliminary observation of infectivity of isolated alveolar hydatid after cryopreservation]. | alveolar hydatids of echinococcus multilocularis obtained from the peritoneal cavity of mice were subject to freezing at -10 degrees c and -30 degrees c respectively. after 130-200 days' storage, the alveolar hydatids were transferred into the mouse peritoneal cavity for viability and infectivity testing. it was found that the alveolar hydatids stored at -10 degrees c were more severely damaged than those stored at -30 degrees c. the viability of the isolated alveococcus lasted half a year at -3 ... | 1992 | 1303343 |
| [detection of the eggs of echinococcus multilocularis leuckart, 1863, in the feces of the fox (vulpes vulpes linnaeus, 1758) by the polymerase chain reaction]. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was applied to the identification of eggs of echinococcus multilocularis in faeces from foxes. the test was positive in three of six faeces samples from foxes which were harbouring adult worms, and in one of four samples from foxes in which no adult e. multilocularis was found in the intestines. these initial results show that it is possible to use pcr to identify e. multilocularis eggs in faeces. pcr can be used to complement examination of intestinal content ... | 1992 | 1305852 |
| parasitological and serological studies on the prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis leuckart, 1863 in red foxes (vulpes vulpes linnaeus, 1758) in switzerland. | in the canton of zurich in switzerland, 1,252 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) were examined during 1990-1991 for intestinal stages of echinococcus multilocularis using the mucosal smear technique. special safety precautions were employed during examination. an average of 35% (432 foxes) were infected, mostly with low to medium numbers of gravid worms producing thick-shelled eggs. in the eleven districts of the canton, prevalence rates varied between 13% and 57%. an average of 29% of the foxes had anti ... | 1992 | 1305853 |
| a large focus of alveolar echinococcosis in central china. | human alveolar echinococcosis (ae) is a rare and highly pathogenic helminthic zoonosis due to infection with the intermediate stage of the small fox tapeworm, echinococcus multilocularis. parasite transmission is restricted to northern latitudes, including central and north china, from where few clinical and no detailed community studies have been reported. in august, 1991, 65 (5%) of 1312 people residing in three rural communes of zhang county, gansu province, china were diagnosed as having hep ... | 1992 | 1357252 |
| effects of multiple doses of isoprinosine on echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. | isoprinosine was given at daily doses of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g kg-1 of body weight to jirds that were infected for 3 months with echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. the effects of the different drug doses on metacestodes were studied by transmission electron microscopy and biochemical methods. at lower doses, increases in uric acid and adenosine deaminase activity were noted. at 4 g kg-1 of body weight, marked ultrastructural damage with metabolic perturbations was observed. | 1992 | 1375448 |
| sequence homology between two immunodiagnostic fusion proteins from echinococcus multilocularis. | serological diagnosis of alveolar hydatid disease using crude parasite antigen is problematical with the result that several groups have addressed the question of specific serodiagnosis using defined native or recombinant antigens. sequence data are available for two lambda gt 11 cdna clones, designated em4 and pem10, which express e. multilocularis species-specific proteins in immunodiagnostic assays using human sera. here, we have drawn attention to the extensive similarities between these ant ... | 1992 | 1385344 |
| [the helminth fauna of red foxes (vulpes vulpes linnaeus 1758) in north hesse and east westphalia. 1. cestodes]. | between november 1989 and june 1990 a total number of 397 foxes were examined for the presence of cestodes. the animals came from the districts of arnsberg, detmold and kassel. in 16.4% of the foxes infections with echinococcus multilocularis were found, in 28.5% taenia crassiceps, in 14.4% taenia polyacantha, in 4.3% mesocestoides spp., in 3.3% multiceps multiceps, in 2.5% hydatigera taeniaeformis, in 0.8% taenia hydatigena and in 0.3% taenia martis. infections with echinococcus multilocularis ... | 1992 | 1396164 |
| natural echinococcus multilocularis infection in a norway rat, rattus norvegicus, in southern hokkaido, japan. | forty-two rats, rattus norvegicus, captured at a garbage dump in southern hokkaido, japan, were examined, and one was found to be infected with echinococcus multilocularis. the lesions were found in the liver, lung, mesenteric lymph nodes, greater omentum and also free in the abdominal cavity. no necrosis was observed in any of the lesions, and inflammatory reactions were mild. protoscoleces were observed in the large liver cysts. a homogenate of these cysts, when transplanted into the abdominal ... | 1992 | 1399254 |
| echinococcus multilocularis: immunological study on the "em2-positive" laminated layer during in vitro and in vivo post-oncospheral and larval development. | echinococcus multilocularis oncospheres, primary vesicular cysts, and protoscolices were assessed in vitro and in vivo for their potential to synthesize a pas-positive laminated layer containing monoclonal antibody (mab) g11-binding em2 antigen. the presence of em2 antigen in developed oncospheres and cysts was subsequently correlated to the potential of in vivo development into a secondary metacestode in recipient host mice, which also responded by anti-em2 serum antibody formation. in contrast ... | 1992 | 1409528 |
| genetic variants within the genus echinococcus identified by mitochondrial dna sequencing. | the pattern of species and strain variation within the genus echinococcus is complex and controversial. in an attempt to characterise objectively the various species and strains, the sequence of a region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (co1) gene was determined for 56 echinococcus isolates. eleven different genotypes were detected, including 7 within echinococcus granulosus, and these were used to categorise the isolates. the 4 generally accepted echinococcus species were cle ... | 1992 | 1435857 |
| secondary echinococcus multilocularis infection in severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice: biphasic growth of the larval cyst mass. | e. multilocularis infection was suppressed in c.b-17 mice after intraperitoneal inoculation of protoscoleces, with larval cysts weighing no more than 1.0 g. in scid mice, which are genetically identical to c.b-17 except for a deficiency in functional lymphocytes, infection progressed and larval cysts reached a mass of 17.5 g at 15 weeks post-infection. the growth of the larval cyst mass in scid mice was similar to that in other susceptible mouse strains, with a biphasic pattern. histological obs ... | 1992 | 1459792 |
| diseases and parasites of red foxes, gray foxes, and coyotes from commercial sources selling to fox-chasing enclosures. | fifty-six red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 18 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus), and 13 coyotes (canis latrans) obtained by the south carolina wildlife and marine resources department during an investigation of suspected illegal wildlife translocation were examined for diseases and parasites. red foxes and coyotes were confiscated from an animal dealer based in ohio (usa), and gray foxes were purchased from an animal dealer in indiana (usa). emphasis was placed on detection of pathogens representi ... | 1992 | 1474656 |
| metabolites of alveolar echinococcus as determined by [31p]- and [1h]-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | [31p]-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) in vivo spectra of echinococcus multilocularis cysts growing subcutaneously in meriones unguiculatus showed prominent signals due to phosphomonoesters (pme), phosphodiesters (pde), inorganic phosphate (pi) and the alpha, beta and gamma phosphate groups of adenosine triphosphate (atp). the internal ph of the parasite cysts was 6.7-6.8. the 31p spectra of extracts of these subcutaneous cysts showed peaks identified as glucose-6-phosphate (glu-6-p), glycerol-3 ... | 1992 | 1480603 |
| echinococcus multilocularis infection: immunology and immunodiagnosis. | | 1992 | 1496929 |
| molecular and immunological diagnosis of echinococcosis. | echinococcosis is an infectious disease of humans caused by the larval (metacestode) stage of the cestode species echinococcus granulosus (cystic echinococcosis or hydatid disease) or echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar echinococcosis or alveolar hydatid disease). clinical manifestations depend primarily on localization and size of hepatic lesions and may include hepatomegaly, obstructive jaundice, or cholangitis. prognostically, alveolar echinococcosis is considered similar to liver malignanc ... | 1992 | 1498767 |
| [the ecology of echinococcus multilocularis (leuckart, 1863) and e. granulosus (batsch, 1786) on the kamchatka peninsula]. | some aspects of dwelling of echinococcus multilocularis and e. granulosus populations in the kamchatka peninsula were considered. transformation of their natural foci to natural synanthropic due to enrichment of mammalian fauna, increased human density and rural development was noticed. main quantitative characteristics of infectivity of the worm definitive and intermediate hosts are presented using literature and the author's own data. a correlation was noted between host density and their infe ... | 1992 | 1508075 |
| experimental evaluation of mink and apodemus speciosus in the echinococcus multilocularis life-cycle in hokkaido, japan. | the epizootiological status of mink (mustela vison) as definitive hosts and apodemus speciosus as intermediate hosts in the transmission of echinococcus multilocularis in hokkaido, japan, were evaluated by orally inoculating mink with protoscoleces, and a. speciosus with eggs of the cestode, respectively. no tapeworms were recovered from the alimentary tract of the mink, and no hydatid cysts were recovered from the viscera of the egg-inoculated a. speciosus. we conclude that mink and a. speciosu ... | 1992 | 1512885 |
| parasiticidal effect of chemotherapy in alveolar hydatid disease: review of experience with mebendazole and albendazole in alaskan eskimos. | evidence that the larval stage of echinococcus multilocularis in humans is killed by chemotherapy is presented in a review of our 17-year experience with treatment of alveolar hydatid disease in alaska. the efficacy of chemotherapy was assessed with use of an in vivo assay of parasite viability by means of inoculation of voles, immunohistochemical tests, and histopathologic findings. of 14 tests performed for nine patients, 12 in vivo assays (86%) were negative after chemotherapy, while only two ... | 1992 | 1520758 |
| [effect of thermochemotherapy on alveolar hydatid disease of the liver]. | the specific aim of this study is to predict the possibility of local hyperthermia as a therapeutic modality for echinococcus multilocularis of the liver. we used meriones unguiculatus, into which larval e. multiocularis, alaska strain, was innoculated. in the experiments of hyperthermia by low output laser for either innoculated liver lesions or the normal liver tissues, the protoscoleces and the germinal layers are destroyed at 41 degrees c for 15 minutes, and normal hepatocytes irreversibly d ... | 1992 | 1552887 |
| effects of cyclosporin a on the course of murine alveolar echinococcosis and on specific cellular and humoral immune responses against echinococcus multilocularis. | the effects of cyclosporin a (csa) on echinococcus multilocularis (e. multilocularis) metacestode growth, and on the specific immune responses of the hosts, were examined in akr mice. mice were intra-peritoneally infected with a metacestode homogenate. csa (40 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was injected subcutaneously from the 45th day after infection (group 1), and from the day before infection (group 2) until the day of autopsy (days 125 and 80, respectively). results showed that unlike ths situation with ... | 1992 | 1563918 |
| glycosphingolipids with gal beta 1----6gal sequences in metacestodes of the parasite echinococcus multilocularis. | neutral glycosphingolipids of the metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis, an animal and human parasite, were resolved by high performance thin layer chromatography into 12 fractions. nine of these fractions were permethylated, analyzed by electron impact-mass spectrometry, and submitted to methylation analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. native fractions were analyzed by liquid secondary ion-mass spectrometry and degraded sequentially by exoglycosidases. in addition to a previo ... | 1992 | 1577719 |
| [curative en-bloc resection (lung, diaphragm, liver, adrenal gland and thoracic wall) for echinococcus multilocularis. report of an unusual disease course]. | report concerning an en-bloc-resection of right lower lobe of the lung, diaphragm, right lobe of the liver, right adrenal gland, parts of the chestwall and a fistula for alveolar echinococcus. combined postoperative treatment with mebendazol. more than 4 years postoperatively no evidence of a recurrency. | 1992 | 1583984 |
| potential anti-echinococcal activity of alkylaminoethers. | trans 2-phenoxy cyclohexanol ethers (ia, iia, iiia, iva, va, and via), the cyclohexanol analog (ib) and one coumarinic compound (ic) were obtained and their activity against echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes was studied and compared with that of trifluoperazine (tfp). all of these compounds are analogous to ia and belong to three classes. class a comprises trans 2-phenoxycyclohexanol aminoethers whose alkylaminoether group varies; compound via bears one more methylene in its aminoether gr ... | 1992 | 1584749 |
| comparison of montana and alaska isolates of echinococcus multilocularis in gerbils with observations on the cyst growth, hook characteristics, and host response. | to assess its biological distinctness, an isolate of echinococcus multilocularis from montana was compared with an isolate from alaska in gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) by means of intraperitoneal inoculations with protoscoleces. the cysts formed by the montana isolate were entire, hyaline, and translucent, whereas those produced by the alaska isolate were granular, yellowish, and opaque. vesicles of the montana isolate were larger, produced protoscoleces more slowly but in greater numbers, and ... | 1992 | 1597801 |
| developmental changes of echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes revealed by tegumental ultrastructure and lectin-binding sites. | ultrastructural investigations (sem, tem) combined with lectin-binding analysis, have revealed concurrent modifications in tegumentary structure and surface glycoconjugates during the establishment and differentiation of echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes in jirds. the laminated layer, which is amorphous and rich in polysaccharides when initially secreted by the young cyst, takes on a different appearance and has a different glycoconjugate composition according to whether the cyst becomes ... | 1992 | 1614730 |
| echinococcus multilocularis infestation acquired in uk. | | 1991 | 1671928 |
| treatment of experimental alveolar echinococcosis: comparative study of mebendazole, isoprinosine and a mebendazole isoprinosine association. | a comparative biochemical study of the effects of mebendazole and isoprinosine used separately or associated was conducted in six-month old gerbils infected three months ago by echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. mebendazole treatment induced a decrease of glucose (81%) whereas isoprinosine increased the glucose uptake in the parasite. the combination of the two drugs led to a decrease of about 40% of the glucose concentration. the specific activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases were ... | 1991 | 1724571 |
| [the search for new antiparasitic agents. 8. the synthesis and study of the acute toxicity, anti-alveolar hydatid and antihymenolepiasis activity of 1-alkyl-4[4-(heterylamino)phenyl]piperazines]. | the synthesis and the acute toxicity and anticestodal activity of l-alkyl-4-[-(heterylamino)phenyl]-piperazines are presented. these compounds were found to be able to suppress the growth of larvocysts of echinococcus multilocularis in cotton rats when injected intraperitoneally in a single dose of 0.25 g/kg, close to capacity of mebendazole. the tested compounds were also highly effective against the adult stage of hymenolepis nana. experimentally infected mice given an oral single dose of 0.2- ... | 1991 | 1758368 |
| cloning and characterisation of an immunodominant major surface antigen of echinococcus multilocularis. | a lambda gt11 cdna expression library from mrna of echinococcus multilocularis protoscolices has been constructed in escherichia coli y1090. immunoscreening with pooled sera obtained from patients suffering from e. multilocularis disease revealed 5 reactive clones. by partial dna sequence comparison all clones proved to encode the same gene. the complete cdna sequence of the clone pem10 with the largest insert of 2.2 kb was determined and an open reading frame of 1.7 kb could be described. the d ... | 1991 | 1762625 |
| specific cellular and humoral immune responses in patients with different long-term courses of alveolar echinococcosis (infection with echinococcus multilocularis). | alveolar echinococcosis is a serious and often fatal disease of humans that in most cases can be efficiently cured only by complete surgical resection of the echinococcus multilocularis lesion. in a few patients, however, a spontaneous cure of the disease has been observed by demonstrating the presence of lesions with dead metacestodes. the present study shows a comparative analysis of the cellular (lymphoproliferative assay) and humoral (antibody activity in an em2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent a ... | 1991 | 1763801 |
| cerebral echinococcosis multilocularis. case report. | cerebral occurrence of echinococcus multilocularis is very rare and there is no widely accepted therapeutical method. in this report we present a case with an intracranial mass lesion and a palpable hepatic mass, which appeared to be due to echinococcus multilocularis in the histopathological examination. | 1991 | 1774597 |
| [the scientific accomplishments of coworkers of the bernhard nocht institute between 1900 and 1960. a short historical review]. | the historical review presents outstanding scientific achievements obtained by members of the institute during the first 60 years of its existence. they may be summarized as follows: 1. the significance of gustav giemsa for stabilizing the romanowsky stain and revealing its mechanism. 2. the discovery of the etiology of typhus fever by enrique da rocha-lima. 3. the discovery of the extra erythrocytic stage of avian malaria parasites by eduard reichenow and lilly mudrow. 4. the discovery of the e ... | 1991 | 1777002 |
| echinococcus multilocularis antigens modify accessory cell function of macrophages. | peritoneal macrophages and splenic lymphocytes were collected from balb/c mice, normal or previously infected with echinococcus multilocularis. in an accessory cell function assay, peritoneal macrophages, in increasing numbers, were added to cultures of splenic lymphocytes. cultures were stimulated by concanavalin a (con a) or e. multilocularis culture supernatant (emsn). post-infection macrophages, unlike normal macrophages, suppressed con a- and emsn-driven lymphocyte transformation. modificat ... | 1991 | 1783424 |
| possible formation of calcareous corpuscles by the brood capsule in secondary hepatic metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis. | in secondary hepatic metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis at 156 days post-infection, a few small structures exhibiting a central body and a small number of concentric layers were found on the outer surface of the brood capsule, and many such structures were detected on the germinal layer. as these structures are believed to represent immature calcareous corpuscles, we think that not only germinal layer cells but also brood capsule cells of e. multilocularis metacestodes can form calcareo ... | 1991 | 1792231 |
| alkaline phosphatase from echinococcus multilocularis: purification and characterization. | 1. kinetic and physical parameters of purified alkaline phosphatase from echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes, livers of infected gerbils and control animals were determined. 2. km value for p-nitrophenyl phosphate was about 0.05 +/- 0.02 mm for the three enzymes. 3. vmax values were 357 +/- 67 nmol/min/mg proteins for metacestode enzyme, and 6.7 +/- 1.1 and 6.7 +/- 0.8 nmol/min/mg proteins for liver enzyme of infected and control animals, respectively. 4. mr and pi were different for the pa ... | 1991 | 1799967 |
| soluble il-2-receptor and cd8 in the serum and the periparasitic granuloma of patients with alveolar echinococcosis. | cellular immunity plays a key role in the defence against the larva of the cestode echinococcus multilocularis. this larva is responsible for alveolar echinococcosis (ae) of the liver, a rare parasitic disease which occurs in endemic areas including european alpine countries, alaska, the ussr, western china and northern japan. we have shown a marked decrease of the cd8+ t-cell population in the blood and we have described an infiltrate composed mainly of activated cd8+ t-cells in the liver lesio ... | 1991 | 1804323 |
| cryopreservation of parasites. | the round table addressed 4 main themes: 1. an overview (e. james), summarising cryoprotectants and cooling procedures; 2. cryobanks and genetic diversity (r. muller) with a list of parasite cryobanks; 3. new techniques in cryopreservation including those for cryptosporidium (p. rossi), metacestodes of echinococcus multilocularis (j. eckert), entomopathogenic nematodes (i. popiel) and trichinella (p. rossi); 4. large scale cryopreservation methods for use in vaccines (e. james) and for industry ... | 1991 | 1805676 |
| laboratory rodent models for the tapeworm-stage of taenia saginata and other related taeniid species. | attempts were carried out to establish alternative definitive host systems for taenia saginata, t. crassiceps, t. hydatigena, echinococcus multilocularis and e. granulosus, in rodents. following oral inoculation of cysticerci or protoscoleces, the tapeworm-stage development and sexual maturation of the 5 taeniid species in the intestine of a golden hamster (gh) and mongolian gerbil (mg), both treated with prednisolone, were examined. sexually mature t. saginata tapeworms were recovered from mg p ... | 1991 | 1822901 |
| immune suppression induced by protoscoleces of echinococcus multilocularis in mice. evidence for the presence of cd8dull suppressor cells in spleens of mice intraperitoneally infected with e. multilocularis. | immunoregulatory states induced by i.p. inoculation with the metazoan parasite echinococcus multilocularis in the murine system were investigated. proliferative responses and il-2 production induced by con a in spleen cells from balb/c mice were significantly depressed at an early stage after infection with e. multilocularis protoscoleces (psc). addition of plastic-adherent cells from normal syngeneic mice to the nonadherent spleen cells from infected mice did not restore the depressed con a res ... | 1991 | 1831831 |
| [current problems of echinococcosis (echinococcus multilocularis)]. | alveolar echinococcosis is by far the most dangerous human parasitosis in central europe. for the one part this is due to the fact that the parasite is localised in the liver, and for the second part it is due to the infiltrative growth of the larval cestode tissue. the life cycle of echinococcus multilocularis takes place primarily between the fox as final host and mice as intermediate hosts. in this cycle, man is an accidental host and is infected orally via the intake of cestode eggs. the ind ... | 1991 | 1837903 |
| structure of the echinococcus multilocularis u1 snrna gene repeat. | the gene encoding u1 snrna in echinococcus multilocularis has been cloned and sequenced. this gene is contained within a 1300-bp sequence which is tandemly repeated in the e. multilocularis genome. e. multilocularis u1 snrna is 50-70% homologous to u1 snrnas of other species. e. multilocularis u1 snrna could assume a predicted secondary structure similar to that proposed for other u1 snrnas, and appears shorter (157 bases) than the u1 snrnas of higher eukaryotes (163-166 bases). | 1991 | 1840625 |
| serological (em2-elisa) and parasitological examinations of fox populations for echinococcus multilocularis infections. | serum or body fluid samples of 1,006 foxes were investigated in an elisa for antibodies against a highly sensitive and specific antigen (em2-antigen) of echinococcus multilocularis. parasitological examinations of the intestines and simultaneous serological examinations were carried out in 505 foxes: a group of 98 blue foxes (alopex lagopus) from norwegian fox farms did not contain intestinal stages of e. multilocularis and was clearly sero-negative in em2-elisa. on the other hand in red foxes ( ... | 1991 | 1858455 |
| echinococcus multilocularis: antigenic variance between different parasite isolates. | | 1991 | 1866425 |
| an established cell line of larval echinococcus multilocularis. | a cell line of larval echinococcus multilocularis has been established from an echinococcal cyst excised surgically from a patient with alveolar hydatid disease. a standardized procedure established for the preparation and continuation of primary cultures was applied to isolate the e. multilocularis cells from the tissue fragments. trypsin was used for the enzymatic release of the monodispersed cells from the tissue fragments and for dispersing monolayers. the culture medium was rpmi 1640 with 1 ... | 1991 | 1869357 |
| [parasite fauna of red foxes in berlin (west)]. | the infestation with ecto- and endoparasites of red foxes in berlin (west) was investigated. as shown by post mortems of 100 animals (47 males and 53 females), none of them was found to be free of parasites. with regard to ectoparasites, 3 species of ixodes ticks, 7 flea species, one species of biting lice and mite species were demonstrated. the sarcoptic mange is often inducing the death of the foxes and is considered to be a limiting factor of the population increment. concerning endoparasites ... | 1991 | 1872791 |
| incidence, prevalence and geographic distribution of human alveolar echinococcosis in austria from 1854 to 1990. | since the second half of the last century it has been known that austria--like southern germany, eastern france and switzerland--is a part of the central european area of distribution of echinococcus multilocularis (em), the causative organism of alveolar echinococcosis (ae). up until october 1990, 128 human ae cases were documented in austria; personal, anamnestic and clinical data on the majority of these patients are available. based on these data, epidemiological parameters (incidence, preva ... | 1991 | 1891451 |
| in vivo cultivation of echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces in micropore chambers. | micropore chambers containing unevaginated protoscoleces of e. multilocularis were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of akr mice. transformation from protoscoleces to fertile multivesicular cysts was obtained after 210 days. ultrastructural observations of these morphological transformations indicate that a phase of histogenesis follows a phase of dedifferentiation. this morphogenetic process raises the question of the origin of new cell populations. the results reveal the potential role of p ... | 1991 | 1894439 |
| serodiagnosis of echinococcosis: evaluation of two reference laboratories. | two reference laboratories (cdc, atlanta, and institute of hygiene, vienna) were evaluated for their ability to diagnose echinococcosis from single serum-specimens by serological assays. out of 18 specimens, both laboratories correctly identified the 12 sera from patients with echinococcosis. each laboratory was able to give the species diagnosis for 11 of 12 cases. the cdc abstained from giving a final species-diagnosis for a serum from a patient with alveolar echinococcosis, the institute of h ... | 1991 | 1896766 |
| echinococcus multilocularis--a model for imaging research. | magnetic resonance images of transverse, sagittal, and coronal sections of meriones unguiculatus abdomens experimentally infected with echinococcus multilocularis revealed alveolar cyst masses that were especially prominent in the late phase of infection. | 1991 | 1919937 |
| detection of antibodies against glycolipids of echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes in sera of patients with alveolar hydatid disease. | glycosphingolipids extracted from echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes were tested against sera from patients with alveolar hydatid disease (ahd). the tests were performed first by elisa then by immunostaining on thin layer chromatography. a binding between the parasite glycolipids and antibodies of ahd human sera was observed by elisa. the glycolipids related to this binding were specifically parasite neutral glycosphingolipids. no reaction was observed with parasite acid glycolipids nor wi ... | 1991 | 1923563 |
| [hepatic alveolar echinococcosis]. | alveolar echinococcosis (ae) is an uncommon parasitic disease that is caused by the intrahepatic growth of echinococcus multilocularis larvae. eastern france is endemic for ae. a wild cycle allows the parasite to subsist in nature. the adult worm develops in the small intestine of foxes. the eggs of the taenia are dispersed on the ground by the foxes' stools. rodents are infested by eating contaminated vegetables and larvae develop in the liver. humans, accidental intermediate hosts, become infe ... | 1991 | 1925360 |
| a monoclonal antibody against echinococcus multilocularis em2 antigen. | a monoclonal antibody (mab g11) species-specific to the em2 antigen of echinococcus multilocularis was generated for (i) further biological characterization of the em2 antigen, (ii) easy affinity-purification of em2 antigen for immunodiagnostic and immunological investigations and (iii) development of a sandwich-elisa for the detection of em2 antigen in diagnostic samples and thus species-specific identification of e. multilocularis metacestode material. the mab g11 was used in an antibody sandw ... | 1991 | 1945524 |
| echinococcus multilocularis: characterization of a dna probe. | a 0.6 kb dna fragment has been isolated from a genomic sublibrary of the cestode echinococcus multilocularis. this dna-fragment showed a strong hybridization signal to 32pdctp labeled total dna prepared from e. multilocularis metacestode material. the fragment was subcloned into the escherichia coli vector bluescript bs+ resulting in the recombinant plasmid pal1. the recombinant parasite dna probe was labeled by biotinylation and hybridized to southern blots of resolved ecori/psti digested genom ... | 1990 | 1980566 |
| life cycles of echinococcus multilocularis in relation to human infection. | the cycle of echinococcus multilocularus in natural and synanthropic hosts was investigated during 10 yr in an endemic focus of alveolar hydatid disease in the massif central of france. the natural cycle, involving red foxes, vulpes vulpes, and voles, arvicola terrestris, existed immediately surrounding a village in which human cases of alveolar hydatid disease occurred. both foxes and free-ranging dogs could serve as the source of infection for the human population. | 1991 | 1992084 |
| the diagnostic value and molecular characterisation of an echinococcus multilocularis antigen gene clone. | a diagnostic echinococcus multilocularis antigen gene (em4) has been expressed using the escherichia coli expression vector pgex-1 resulting in the high level synthesis of a readily purifiable, soluble, non-denatured peptide fused to the 26-kda glutathione-s-transferase of schistosoma japonicum. this recombinant antigen, on testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with heterologous human antisera, demonstrated 100% e. multilocularis specificity. specific anti-em4 antibody immunopreci ... | 1991 | 2011154 |
| [echinococcus multilocularis (e. alveolaris or fuchsbandwurm) in focus]. | | 1991 | 2038385 |
| sequencing and characterization of an echinococcus multilocularis dna probe and its use in the polymerase chain reaction. | the nucleotide sequence of the cloned echinococcus multilocularis dna probe pal1 was determined in order to simplify and improve the sensitivity of a diagnostic assay through the application of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the insert-specific oligonucleotides bg1 and bg2 define a 2.6-kb fragment in the genomic dna of e. multilocularis, while bg1 and bg3 define a 0.3 kb fragment. a pcr study including 14 independent e. multilocularis isolates in addition to echinococcus granulosus. echino ... | 1991 | 2052020 |
| the ecology of echinococcus multilocularis (cestoda: taeniidae) on st. lawrence island, alaska. ii. helminth populations in the definitive host. | the helminths of 1,579 arctic foxes from st. lawrence island were investigated by standard methods. the foxes, obtained mainly during the winter from fur trappers, harbored 22 species of helminths. four of those were trematodes, viz., maritrema afanassjewi belopol'skaia, 1952, orthosplanchnus pygmaeus iurakhno, 1967, plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi, 1802) and alaria marcianae (larue, 1917), each of which occurred in a single host. two species of cestodes, diphyllobothrium dendriticum (nitzsch, 182 ... | 1990 | 2080830 |
| the house mouse: a potential intermediate host for echinococcus multilocularis in france. | an adult house mouse infected with an alveolar hydatid of echinococcus multilocularis was trapped in the cellar of an inhabited house in a small village in auvergne (france) where 3 human cases of alveolar hydatid disease had been diagnosed. the rodent harboured a young hepatic larval cyst. this indicated the presence of infective eggs of the parasite inside the house and outbuildings, an important observation concerning the circulation of the parasite in a domestic environment. | 1990 | 2091354 |
| efficacy of mitomycin c against alveolar echinococcus. | mitomycin c was tested against the metacestode stage of echinococcus multilocularis in jirds. the efficacy of 61-76% was achieved within 1 month of treatment with a total dose of 0.04, 0.08 or 0.3 mg. | 1990 | 2107151 |
| in vivo morphological damage induced by a new benzimidazole prodrug in echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. | benzimidazoles are the most widely used compounds in chemotherapy of alveolar hydatid disease (ahd), but long-term administration is required to reach detectable plasma levels. n-methoxycarbonyl n'-2-nitro 4-trifluoromethyl phenyl thiourea (2) was prepared as a potential prodrug of (5-trifluoromethyl-1h-benzimidazole-2-yl)-carbamic acid methyl ester. biological effects of 2 were evaluated in gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) against the causative agent of ahd, echinococcus multilocularis metacesto ... | 1990 | 2118956 |