| fungi associated with bovine abortion in the northern plains states (usa). | mycotic infection was diagnosed in 6.8% of 6,858 cases of bovine abortion and stillbirth examined during a 9-year period. aspergilli were associated with approximately 5% of all abortion cases and 71% of 446 cases that were cultured for fungi and diagnosed as mycotic abortion. aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent isolate (62%), followed by a. terreus (6.7%), emericella (aspergillus) nidulans (3.0%), a. flavus (2.9%), and e. rugulosus (less than 1.0%). zygomycetes (absidia, mortierella, rh ... | 1992 | 1616983 |
| [a rare case of corneal abscess caused by wangiella dermatitidis]. | | 1990 | 2249264 |
| postoperative endophthalmitis caused by wangiella dermatitidis. | | 1990 | 2396666 |
| pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis in a patient with hemoptysis. | a 79-year-old retired schoolteacher had a history of bronchiectasis. she developed recurrent hemoptysis requiring multiple blood transfusions. exophiala dermatitidis was cultured repeatedly from bronchial lavages. to our knowledge, this is the first documented case of isolated pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis due to e dermatitidis, and it was successfully treated with amphotericin b and 5-fluocytosine. | 1989 | 2707076 |
| deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization studies of exophiala dermatitidis and exophiala jeanselmei. | exophiala dermatitidis and exophiala jeanselmei share similar morphological features and have been confused with each other. to clarify the relationship between the two fungi, we conducted a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna)-dna hybridization study using a dot blot method. between e. dermatitidis and e. jeanselmei, only a very low level of dna relatedness was seen and it was confirmed that these two fungi are distinct species based on dna similarity. close correspondence of dna from the isolates of e. ... | 1989 | 2779471 |
| the effect of papulacandin b on (1----3)-beta-d-glucan synthetases. a possible relationship between inhibition and enzyme conformation. | the antibiotic, papulacandin b, inhibited growth or (1----3)-beta-d-glucan synthetase (or both) in the fungi saccharomyces cerevisiae, hansenula anomala, neurospora crassa, cryptococcus laurentii, schizophyllum commune and wangiella dermatitidis. no effect was observed on achlya ambisexualis. there was no apparent correlation between the inhibition of growth and that of the synthetase. with most of the fungal extracts, the inhibition of glucan synthetase by papulacandin b became less pronounced ... | 1986 | 2942248 |
| exoantigen test for cladosporium bantianum, fonsecaea pedrosoi, and phialophora verrucosa. | exoantigens from 10-day-old cultures of 100 isolates of pathogenic and saprophytic dematiaceous fungi were analyzed by the exoantigen test. antisera to cladosporium bantianum atcc 10958, fonsecaea pedrosoi cdc amo-b06, and phialophora verrucosa cdc amo-c12 were prepared in new zealand rabbits immunized with soluble antigens from 1-month-old cultures. absorbed and nonabsorbed antisera and exoantigens from the same organisms were used as reference reagents. serologic reactions were analyzed in ter ... | 1986 | 3084549 |
| an immunological procedure for the rapid identification of phaeoannellomyces werneckii. | phaeoannellomyces werneckii is identified on the basis of its annellidic conidiogenous cells and the production of two-celled conidia. without the proper recognition of its annellidic mode of conidiogenesis, isolates of p. werneckii can be confused with other species of phaeococcomyces, exophiala, and scolecobasidium constrictum. to overcome this problem, we developed exoantigen reagents capable of specifically identifying p. werneckii. rabbit p. werneckii antiserum was rendered specific by adso ... | 1988 | 3146449 |
| stimulation of beta(1----3)glucan synthetase of various fungi by nucleoside triphosphates: generalized regulatory mechanism for cell wall biosynthesis. | particulate fractions from the taxonomically diverse fungi achlya ambisexualis, hansenula anomala, neurospora crassa, cryptococcus laurentii, schizophyllum commune, and wangiella dermatitidis were found to catalyze the time-dependent incorporation of glucose from udp-[14c]glucose into a water-insoluble material. the reaction was stimulated by bovine serum albumin. the product was characterized as beta(1----3)glucan on the basis of its resistance to alpha- and beta-amylase and susceptibility to b ... | 1985 | 3156122 |
| medical significance of the so-called black yeasts. | infections caused by the black yeasts (leveduras pretas) are reviewed with respect to their clinical manifestations, classification under the umbrella term, phaeohyphomycosis, and differentiation from chromoblastomycosis. data on the prevalence of black yeasts submitted to a national reference diagnostic center are provided. cases of phaeohyphomycosis caused by aureobasidium pullulans, exophiala jeanselmei, e. moniliae, e. spinifera, phaeoannelomyces werneckii, phaeosclera dematioides, sarcinomy ... | 1987 | 3301395 |
| evaluation of proteolytic activity to differentiate some dematiaceous fungi. | a total of 123 isolates of cladosporium spp., exophiala spp., fonsecaea spp., lecythophora hoffmannii, phaeoannellomyces werneckii, phialophora spp., wangiella dermatitidis, and xylohypha bantiana were tested for proteolytic activity by using 26 different formulations of gelatin, milk, casein, and loeffler media. other physiological properties examined included hydrolysis of tyrosine and xanthine, sodium nitrate utilization in czapek dox agar, and thermotolerance. isolates of exophiala jeanselme ... | 1988 | 3343325 |
| pathogenicity and virulence of wild-type and melanin-deficient wangiella dermatitidis. | wild-type, dematiaceous wangiella dermatitidis (dmd 368) and melanin-deficient mutant (mel 3) strains derived therefrom were compared for pathogenic and virulent effects in swiss albino mice following intravenous infection. parameters examined were mouse survival and central nervous system signs of infection, time-course cultures of fungus from brains, lungs, livers, spleens and kidneys, and histopathology of brains. over a range of concentrations, dmd 368 produced 100% mortality while one mel 3 ... | 1987 | 3598824 |
| application of flow cytometry to differentiating exophiala dermatitidis, e. moniliae and e. jeanselmei from each other. | we applied a flow cytometry apparatus (fcm) to differentiating exophiala dermatitidis, e. moniliae and e. jeanselmei from each other. the wavelength of the argon laser emitted from the fcm was 488 nm and the aperture of nozzle from which the stream of fluid containing single cells was blown out was 100 micron. by irradiating the stream with laser by either the forward light scatter (fls) or by the perpendicular light scatter (pls), we were able to get two pieces of informations. histograms displ ... | 1988 | 3200290 |
| exophiala dermatitidis de hoog from a valvular aortal prothesis. | | 1987 | 3627221 |
| loss of melanin in wangiella dermatitidis does not result in greater susceptibility to antifungal agents. | melanized wild-type and melanin-deficient (mel-) strains of wangiella dermatitidis (kano) mcginnis were tested for in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin b, flucytosine, amorolfine, ketoconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine, and itraconazole by using an agar dilution technique. although the mics of itraconzole obtained with seven of the eight mel- strains were lower than those obtained with the melanized wild-type strains, there was no such trend observed with fluconazole, the other triazole teste ... | 1989 | 2817864 |
| phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by wangiella dermatitidis. | | 1986 | 3762586 |
| pathogenicity of a fungus resembling wangiella dermatitidis isolated from edible mushrooms. | a fungus resembling the human pathogen wangiella dermatitidis (kano) mcginnis, a dematiaceous hyphomycete, was recovered from imported desiccated "black fungus" mushrooms (auricularia polytrichia (mont.) sacc.), a food item popular in far eastern cuisine. except for its conidia, which are mostly reniform to allantoid rather than ovoid as is characteristic for w. dermatitidis, and the undecided mode of conidiogenesis, the isolate closely resembles w. dermatitidis in gross and microscopic morpholo ... | 1986 | 3954342 |
| evaluation of the api 20c yeast identification system for the differentiation of some dematiaceous fungi. | ninety-seven isolates of cladosporium spp., exophiala spp., fonsecaea spp., lecythophora hoffmannii, phaeoannellomyces werneckii, phialophora spp., wangiella dermatitidis, and xylohypha bantiana were used to evaluate the api 20c yeast identification system for the differentiation of dematiaceous fungi. using the api 20c system, we were able to distinguish most species of phialophora and cladosporium and to separate l. hoffmannii from the species of phialophora tested; x. bantiana from c. carrion ... | 1989 | 2808678 |
| fine-needle aspiration of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by wangiella dermatitidis. | two cases of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, first recognized by fine-needle aspiration (fna), were confirmed with culture, excision, and histologic study. both patients had debilitating medical problems and a solitary mass on the left leg. pigmented hyphae and other fungal elements, numerous in both aspirates, assumed a variety of forms that did not permit specific identification. culture grew wangiella dermatitidis in both cases. fna also yielded purulent exudate, multinucleated giant cells, a ... | 1989 | 2791836 |
| association of anurans with pathogenic fungi. | in a study of 450 amazonian anurans, we isolated yeasts and yeast-like fungi from 54 animals (bufo granulosus, b. marinus, dendrophrynyscus sp., hyla geographica, h. lanciformes, ololygon rubra, adenomera hylaedactyla, eleutherodactylus fenestratus, leptodactylus fuscus, l. ocellatus, l. pentadactylus). the internal organs of these animals did not show any macroscopic anomaly nor histopathology. we recovered 105 fungal isolates from the anuran liver, lung, kidney, spleen, heart and gonad. the is ... | 1985 | 4069190 |
| mel- mutants of wangiella dermatitidis in mice: evaluation of multiple mouse and fungal strains. | melanin-deficient mutants of wangiella dermatitidis were studied by comparing a spontaneous mutant (mel 3) with the parental wild type (wt) in four strains of mice and by comparing various uv-induced mutants in a single strain of mouse. mice were inoculated intravenously with 3 x 10(6), 1 x 10(7), 3 x 10(7) or 1 x 10(8) yeast-like cells and mortality assessed at the end of 20 days. neuropathology was evaluated in methenamine-silver stained brain sections of the different strains of mice injected ... | 1989 | 2600737 |
| mitochondrial dna analysis of exophiala jeanselmei and exophiala dermatitidis. | mitochondrial dna (mtdna) analysis with hae iii, hind iii and msp i was performed in 45 exophiala jeanselmei strains (30 phialophora jeanselmei and 154 phialophora gougerotii strains) and 31 exophiala dermatitidis strains. the results were as follows, 1) p. jeanselmei and p. gougerotii are identical, 2) e. jeanselmei is classified into 18 types based on restriction profiles, 3) two strains of e. jeanselmei cbs 577.76 and cbs 578.76 are identified as e. dermatitidis, 4) e. dermatitidis has no int ... | 1990 | 2366850 |
| melanin as a virulence factor in pathogenic fungi. | the pigment melanin is found universally in nature and is attributed to a variety of functions. in some fungi it is thought to play a decisive role in the determination of virulence. this review examines the experimental evidence which has led to an understanding of the mechanisms by which melanin functions in pathogenic fungi, particularly in plant pathogens, in cryptococcus neoformans and wangiella dermatitidis. | 1990 | 2266997 |
| experimental phaeohyphomycosis. | the authors performed an experimental infection of the rabbit eye with wangiella dermatitidis which had been isolated from the corneal ulcer of a patient. the fungus was inoculated into the front chamber and the vitreous body. the disease showed a trend to spontaneous recovery. the individual phases of the experimental infection were followed by histology and electronmicroscopy, both tem and sem. different stages of development of the polymorphous fungus, as sclerotic bodies, mycelial filaments ... | 1990 | 2093843 |
| a previously undescribed synanamorph of wangiella dermatitidis. | a black yeast isolated from a korean patient with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis was studied and identified as wangiella dermatitidis (kano) mcginnis on the basis of its distinctive morphology, and physiologic and serologic characteristics. in addition to the characteristic diagnostic features of w. dermatitidis, we encountered unusual multicellular structures. these consisted of globose endoconidia contained within thick-walled, dematiaceous bodies. mycologic observation indicated that a cell i ... | 1990 | 2093116 |
| exoantigen tests for the immunoidentification of fungal cultures. | exoantigen tests for the immunoidentification of fungal pathogens are playing a new and significant role in the diagnostic laboratory. properly performed and controlled exoantigen tests lead to rapid, accurate identification of cultures of many fungal pathogens. the tests are particularly valuable in identifying dimorphic pathogens that are difficult to convert or with atypical cultures. we review the value of exoantigen tests for identifying mycelial form fungi: aspergillus spp. blastomyces der ... | 1983 | 6410243 |
| corneal phaeohyphomycosis caused by wangiella dermatitidis. | a case is described of a corneal abscess of the left eye of a patient, male, 35 years, from which there was found in pure culture a mycotic micro-organism, exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis, determined also in the native preparation from the pus. the patient is feeble-minded, suffers from von recklinghausen's disease and has an impairment of the immune system (above all the reduction of t lymphocytes). | 1990 | 2089353 |
| exophiala dermatitidis infection in cystic fibrosis. | | 1990 | 1973514 |
| long-term fungal cultures from sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. | mycological examination of sputum from 121 patients with cystic fibrosis by means of long-term cultures (4 weeks) revealed the occurrence of candida albicans in low quantities in 70%, aspergillus fumigatus in 30%, and exophiala/wangiella dermatitidis in 9% of the examined patients. a. fumigatus frequently causes the development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis. the predisposing factors for colonization with the otherwise seldom found fungus e. dermatiti ... | 1991 | 1820515 |
| experimental infection of mice by fonsecaea pedrosoi and wangiella dermatitidis. | after i.v. inoculation in cortisone-pretreated mice fonsecaea pedrosoi produced a chronic infection characterized by black lesions in the skin and subcutis with sclerotic bodies resembling the tissue form of human chromomycosis in addition to lesions in the brain and other organs. wangiella dermatitidis inoculated into unpretreated mice produced an acute, fatal cerebral infection closely resembling human phaeohyphomycosis. abundant hyphal growth was observed in the brain tissue. | 1984 | 6539507 |
| [long-term fungal culture of sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis]. | mycological examination of sputum from 121 patients with cystic fibrosis by means of long-term culture (4 weeks) revealed the occurrence of candida albicans in low quantities in 70%, aspergillus fumigatus in 30%, and exophiala/wangiella dermatitidis in 9% of the examined patients. a. fumigatus causes frequently the development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis. the predisposing factors for colonization with the otherwise seldom recovered fungus e. dermat ... | 1991 | 1818263 |
| infections due to wangiella dermatitidis in humans: report of the first documented case from the united states and a review of the literature. | wangiella dermatitidis, a normally saprophytic dematiaceous fungus, has rarely been reported as a cause of disease in humans. a review of the worldwide literature yielded eight validly documented cases of w. dermatitidis infections. reported herein is a subcutaneous knee infection due to w. dermatitidis in a diabetic man with impaired t-cell function and cutaneous anergy. repeated cultures of the lesion were positive for w. dermatitidis despite therapy with amphotericin b. it is believed that th ... | 1983 | 6635425 |
| exoantigen test for the rapid identification of exophiala spinifera. | exophiala spinifera, one of the etiologic agents of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, may be wrongly identified as exophiala jeanselmei because of the morphologic similarity of the two species. a reagent containing a precipitin specific for e. spinifera was produced by absorbing antiserum to e. spinifera with e. jeanselmei serotype 1 antigen. using this absorbed antiserum, we were able to correctly identify isolates of e. spinifera and differentiate them from those of exophiala alcalophila, e. jea ... | 1991 | 1719180 |
| successful treatment of systemic exophiala dermatitidis infection in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. | exophiala dermatitidis, one of the saprophytic dematiaceous fungi, is a rare cause of human infection that, when invasive, is nearly always fatal. besides the more common subcutaneous infection usually caused by traumatic inoculation, infection can also spread hematogenously, in which case the organism has a distinct neurotropism. a patient with autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease of childhood who was found to have a progressive pulmonary and central nervous system infection with e ... | 1992 | 1571438 |
| melanized and non-melanized multicellular form mutants of wangiella dermatitidis in mice: mortality and histopathology studies. | one melanized (mc3) and one non-melanized (mc3w) multicellular form mutant of w. dermatitidis were compared with parental wild type in nylar mice. each mutant grows as multicellular (muriform-like) forms in vitro at 37 degrees c and as yeasts at less than or equal to 30 degrees c. yeast cells of all three strains were injected intravenously at concentrations of 1 x 10(4), 1 x 10(6), 1 x 10(7), 3 x 10(7) and 1 x 10(8) cells/mouse in groups of 10 mice. there was no virulence difference between wil ... | 1992 | 1406785 |
| exophiala dermatitidis pneumonia in cystic fibrosis. | the chest x-ray film of a girl with cystic fibrosis (cf) showed slowly increasing mottled densities during the 6th and 7th year of her life. pulmonary symptoms and distress proceeded fast in spite of intensive treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids, and physiotherapy. three different fungal organisms were repeatedly cultured from the sputum: candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, and exophiala dermatitidis. antibodies against c. albicans were in the normal range. candida antigen in blood ... | 1992 | 1396889 |
| fungal melanonychia: ungual phaeohyphomycosis caused by wangiella dermatitidis. | a 51-year-old female japanese patient developed black pigmentation affecting both big toe-nails. direct potassium hydroxide examination of the nail tissue demonstrated clusters of spherical dematiaceous cells, toruloid hyphae, and septate hyphae. wangiella dermatitidis was repeatedly isolated from the affected toe-nail lesions. this case represents the first documented case of ungual phaeohyphomycosis, 'fungal melanonychia,' caused by the dematiaceous fungus w. dermatitidis. the patient was succ ... | 1992 | 1387594 |
| thermotolerance of wangiella dermatitidis. | a variety of diagnostic tests used by many laboratories to identify isolates of wangiella dermatitidis (= fonsecaea dermatitidis) were evaluated. thirteeen isolates of w. dermatitidis were studied with respect to their ability to grow at 25, 37, 40, 45, and 50 degrees c, colonial and micromorphology, gelatin liquefaction, and hydrolysis of casein, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and tyrosine. all 13 isolates showed growth at 25, 37, and 40 degrees c but failed to grow at higher temperatures. the ability ... | 1978 | 721946 |
| temperature-sensitive multicellular mutants of wangiella dermatitidis. | three temperature-sensitive morphological mutants of wangiella dermatitidis were isolated and characterized. the mutants grew in the yeastlike morphology at the permissive temperature (25 degrees c) but expressed a multicellular (mc) phenotype at the restrictive temperature (37 degrees c). cultures of mc 2 and 3 incubated at the restrictive temperature showed rapid reductions in the percentage of budded cells in the population. in contrast, budding continued for several generations in cultures o ... | 1978 | 681282 |
| cystic chromomycosis due to wangiella dermatitidis. | chromomycosis is a chronic, slowly progressive disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue produced by several species of dematiaceous or pigmented fungi, especially phialophora gougeroti. verrucous nodules and flattened annular plaques are the most frequently reported skin lesions in chromomycosis, but deep abscesses and cystic lesions have also been reported. we describe herein a case of cystic chromomycosis due to wangiella dermatitidis that developed following a nonprenetrating injury to the ... | 1979 | 575282 |
| wangiella dermatitidis isolated from bats in manaus brazil. | wangiella dermatitidis was isolated for the first time from the macroscopically asymptomatic internal organs of 2 phyllostomus discolor, 1 molossus molossus, 1 sturnira lilium and 1 myotis albescens among bats captured in the region of manaus, brazil. the dermatiaceous fungi isolated exhibited polymorphism at 25 and 37 degrees c, showing toruloid hyphae, integrated and terminal phialides without collarettes and yeast-like cells. the fungi did not hydrolyze gelatin, casein or starch. some ecologi ... | 1979 | 531715 |
| nuclear division in temperature-sensitive multicellular mutants of wangiella dermatitidis. | temperature-sensitive morphological mutants of wangiella dermatitidis were stained with mithramycin, a fluorescent nuclear stain. multicellular forms of the mutants each contained two or more nuclei, documenting that nuclear division accompanied the yeast-to-multicellular form conversion. | 1979 | 86536 |
| comparative histopathology of dactylaria constricta, fonsecaea pedrosoi, wangiella dermatitidis, and xylohypha bantiana in experimental phaeohyphomycosis of the central nervous system. | | 1987 | 3614262 |
| in vitro and in vivo drug studies with three agents of central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis. | amphotericin b (amph b), 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc), ketoconazole (ktz), fluconazole (flz), amorolfine (amor) and terbinafine (ter) were tested against 3 agents of central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis in vitro and in life-threatening infections in mice. the fungi studied were cladosporium bantianum, dactylaria constricta and wangiella dermatitidis. the broadest protection against this group of fungi in mice was offered by 5-fc followed by amph b and flz, then ktz. amor and ter were inactive in ... | 1987 | 3568799 |
| antioxidant function of melanin in black fungi. | 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin in wangiella dermatitidis and alternaria alternata was titrated in vivo with the oxidants permanganate, hypochlorite, and h2o2. melanized strains neutralized more oxidant and withstood higher concentrations of permanganate and hypochlorite than albino strains did. h2o2 killing required 1,000-fold higher concentrations, and melanin did not protect w. dermatitidis against h2o2. | 1995 | 7591162 |
| use of carbohydrate and nitrate assimilations in the identification of dematiaceous fungi. | a total of 61 isolates of dematiaceous fungi, including exophiala jeanselmei, wangiella dermatitidis, fonsecaea pedrosoi, phialophora verrucosa, and a few isolates of related organisms were evaluated for their ability to assimilate 13 carbohydrates and sodium nitrate. results indicated that patterns of assimilations can facilitate specific identifications when used with microscopic morphologic features. eleven isolates of w. dermatitidis demonstrated negative results for nitrate assimilation, al ... | 1986 | 3709095 |
| melanin biosynthesis and the metabolism of flaviolin and 2-hydroxyjuglone in wangiella dermatitidis. | melanin biosynthesis in the human pathogen wangiella dermatitidis was inhibited by tricyclazole, causing pentaketide melanin metabolites to accumulate in the cultures. one of these metabolites, scytalone, was racemic and thus different than the (+)-enantiomer from verticillium dahliae. an albino mutant of w. dermatitidis metabolized scytalone to a pigment ultrastructurally identical to wild-type melanin. cell-free homogenates of the wild type carried out typical reductive and dehydrative reactio ... | 1985 | 4037982 |
| wangiella dermatitidis endocarditis in an intravenous drug user. | wangiella dermatitidis is an infrequently encountered dematiacious fungus that usually causes localized infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. this report presents the first well-documented case of natural valve infection caused by this organism as it occurred in intravenous drug abuser. his course has been complicated by relapsing infection of two aortic prostheses and dissemination to the vertebral spine. treatment with a combination of amphotericin b, rifampin, and ketoconazole has ... | 1985 | 4039108 |
| further studies on the phylogenesis of the genus exophiala and hortaea. | the conidial ontogenesis of the pathogenic black yeasts is studied at an ultrastructural level and their phylogenesis is discussed. five cultures of exophiala dermatitidis, four of e. jeanselmei, one of e. moniliae, one of e. spinifera and six of h. werneckii were observed using a scanning electron microscope. the conidial ontogenesis of the exophiala species is not pleomorphic but only annellidic. there are definite differences in morphology of annellated tips among the exophiala species. the o ... | 1985 | 4079967 |
| antimycotic therapy of experimental infections caused by dematiaceous fungi. | experimental infections of mice with wangiella dermatitidis and fonsecaea pedrosoi provided a model for evaluating new antifungal agents or new combination therapy. in our models flucytosine exerted a dose-related therapeutic effect on the acute and on the more chronic infection. in the acute wangiella infection amphotericin b also showed therapeutic activity whereas in the fonsecaea model the effect was weak. the azole derivative ici 153066 was the most efficacious drug in the wangiella model w ... | 1984 | 6095469 |
| serological analysis and pathogenic potentials of wangiella dermatitidis isolated from bats. | five isolates of wangiella dermatitidis from macroscopically asymptomatic bats were analysed by the agar-gel immunodiffusion tests and the mouse inoculation studies on virulence. no cross-reactivity among the antigens and antisera prepared from the bat and human isolates was observed. the fungus was shown to be neurotropic, of low infectivity and not implicated as a potential opportunistic pathogen. differences in the antigenic composition and pathogenic potentials between isolates of the same f ... | 1981 | 6163988 |
| dematiaceous fungal keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty. | a keratitis with an unusual, sessile, filamentary mass extending into the anterior chamber developed in a patient three weeks after penetrating keratoplasty. the causative organism was identified as exophilia (wangiella) dermatitidis, a dematiaceous fungus. the infection was cured with a combination of medical and surgical therapy. inoculation of the isolate into rabbit corneas produced a similar keratitis from which the same organism was cultured. miconazole levels measured in corneal tissue re ... | 1984 | 6382098 |
| fungal flora from diabetic and non-diabetic human donor corneas. | corneal tissue obtained at the maryland medical examiners' laboratory (baltimore) from 47 cadaver donors was examined for the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi. fifty-five percent of the donor corneas were positive for fungi consisting predominantly of cladosporium spp. (11 isolates), penicillium spp. (nine isolates), rhodotorula spp. (six isolates), and candida parapsilosis (four isolates). exophiala jeanselmei (two isolates) and wangiella dermatitidis were cultured from apparently healt ... | 1984 | 6400578 |
| exoantigen test for differentiation of exophiala jeanselmei and wangiella dermatitidis isolates from other dematiaceous fungi. | concentrated (25x) exoantigens of 105 isolates of pathogenic and saprophytic dematiaceous fungi and 3 isolates of sporothrix schenckii were analyzed by the microimmunodiffusion method. the reagents used were nonadsorbed and adsorbed sera produced in new zealand rabbits. one set of rabbits was immunized with soluble antigens of a 1-month-old culture of exophiala jeanselmei (atcc 34123), and the other set was immunized with soluble antigens from a culture of wangiella dermatitidis (atcc 28869). th ... | 1984 | 6430954 |
| mycoflora of the human dermal surfaces. | the mycotic flora of the scalp and interdigital areas of the hand and foot of 1296 apparently healthy human inhabitants of three amazonian communities were surveyed by means of microscopic examination of epidermal scrapings and cultural isolation on mycosel agar. no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of fungal infection was detected in any of our study subjects. from 133 (10%) individuals, 143 fungi representing 13 genera and 39 species were recovered. yeasts constituted 85% of the fungi. seven ... | 1984 | 6509388 |
| ecology of pathogenic yeasts in amazonian soil. | in an investigation of amazonian soil as a natural reservoir for pathogenic fungi, 1,949 soil samples collected from diverse geographical and ecological settings of the brazilian amazon basin were analyzed for the presence of non-keratinophilic fungi by the indirect mouse inoculation procedure and for the presence of keratinophilic fungi by the hair bait technique. all soil samples were acidic with low ph values. from 12% of the soil samples, 241 yeast and yeastlike isolates pertaining to six ge ... | 1984 | 6538774 |
| pentaketide metabolites of melanin synthesis in the dematiaceous fungus wangiella dermatitidis. | melanin synthesis in the dematiaceous, polymorphic hyphomycete wangiella dermatitidis, a human pathogen, was investigated by biochemical and physiological techniques. mutants with a decrease or loss in melanin synthesis were induced and isolated. melanin precursors were obtained from the mutants, purified, and then identified by comparison with authentic compounds from verticillium dahliae . isolation of scytalone , vermelone , flaviolin , and 1,8- dihydroxynaphthalene from the mutants of wangie ... | 1984 | 6539583 |
| [isolation of wangiella dermatitidis in our environment]. | | 1982 | 6763737 |
| defense mechanisms of mice against exophiala dermatitidis infection. | | 1983 | 6835356 |
| evaluation of skin test for chromoblastomycosis using antigens prepared from culture filtrates of fonsecaea pedrosoi, phialophora verrucosa, wangiella dermatitidis and exophiala jeanselmei. | antigenic substances were prepared from culture filtrates of fonsecaea pedrosoi, phialophora verrucosa, wangiella dermatitidis and exophiala jeanselmei. these antigenic substances were evaluated for detecting cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in rats experimentally-infected with f. pedrosoi, p. verrucosa. w. dermatitidis, e. jeanselmei, cladosporium carrionii and fonsecaea compactum and in patients with chromoblastomycosis caused by f. pedrosoi. the f. pedrosoi antigen elicited positive reactio ... | 1982 | 7070478 |
| phylogenetic analysis of ten black yeast species using nuclear small subunit rrna gene sequences. | the nuclear small subunit rrna genes of authentic strains of the black yeasts exophiala dermatitidis, wangiella dermatitidis, sarcinomyces phaemuriformis, capronia mansonii, nadsoniella nigra var. hesuelica, phaeoannellomyces elegans, phaeococcomyces exophialae, exophiala jeanselmei var. jeanselmei and e. castellanii were amplified by pcr and directly sequenced. a putative secondary structure of the nuclear small subunit rrna of exophiala dermatitidis was predicted from the sequence data. alignm ... | 1995 | 8526477 |
| pcr-ribotyping of type isolates of currently accepted exophiala and phaeococcomyces species. | portion of the ribosomal repeat of the type strains of the genera exophiala and phaeococcomyces were subjected to rflp analysis. the amplicon length of the small subunit rrna, the fragment ns1-ns24, was found to vary between 1800 to 3200 nucleotides. in contrast, the length of the fragment its1-its4 comprising the internal transcribed spacers (its1 and its2) was found to be constant at 600 nucleotides. analysis of restriction profiles confirmed the synonymy of exophiala dermatitidis and mycotoru ... | 1995 | 8526479 |
| studies on a saprophyte of exophiala dermatitidis isolated from a humidifier. | | 1982 | 7070487 |
| nature and identification of exophiala werneckii. | the morphological and physiological characteristics of 44 isolates of exophiala werneckii recovered from human and environmental sources were indistinguishable from 2 isolates that caused tinea nigra. casein hydrolysis and inability to decompose tyrosine differentiate e. werneckii from exophiala jeanselmei, exophiala spinifera, and wangiella dermatitidis. | 1982 | 7153351 |
| genetic transformation of the pathogenic fungus wangiella dermatitidis. | genetic transformation of wangiella dermatitidis was studied using three plasmid vectors (pan7-1, pwu44, and pkk5) and both electroporation and polyethyleneglycol-mediated methods. pan7-1 contains the e. coli hygromycin b (hmb) phosphotransferase (hph) gene. expression of the hph gene confers resistance to antibiotic hmb. selection for resistance, indicative of transformation, resulted in 10 203 hmb-resistant colonies/micrograms pan7-1 on medium containing 100 micrograms hmb/ml. strains of w. de ... | 1995 | 8597547 |
| microtubule function and its relation to cellular development and the yeast cell cycle in wangiella dermatitidis. | the microtubule inhibitor nocodazole (methyl-5-[2-(thienylcarbonyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl]-carbamate) prevented nuclear migration and nuclear division in yeasts and developing multicellular forms of the polymorphic fungus wangiella dermatitidis. it did not prevent yeast bud formation during at least two or three budding cycles, and caused yeasts to accumulate as premitotic forms with one to three buds. the effects of the drug suggested that at least three control pathways were involved in the yea ... | 1982 | 7165444 |
| dematiaceous fungal pathogens isolated from nature. | this study was conducted to demonstrate the presence of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi in nature. using hamster and mouse inoculation techniques, 43 isolates of dematiaceous fungi were recovered from 39 samples of woody plant material and soil from the virginia environment. thirteen species were identified and included 4 phialophora spp., 3 cladosporium spp., 2 exophiala spp., sporothrix sp., wangiella dermatitidis, bispora betulina, and scytalidium lignicola. evidence is presented for the first ... | 1980 | 7189579 |
| isolation of dematiaceous pathogenic fungi from a feed and seed warehouse. | in an epidemiological study, nine isolates of dematiaceous fungi were recovered from the interior of a local feed and seed warehouse. sample sites include brick walls and floors. air samples also were included. samples were collected in saline and plated on mycobiotic and sabouraud agar. the nine dematiaceous fungi recovered from these samples were identified with microscopic morphology, thermotolerance, biochemical reactions, and animal virulence test. four isolates were identified as nonpathog ... | 1982 | 7200100 |
| yeast-phase cell cycle of the polymorphic fungus wangiella dermatitidis. | the yeast-phase cell cycle of wangiella dermatitidis was studied using flow microfluorimetry and the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea (hu). exposure of exponential-phase yeastlike cells to 0.1 m hu for 3 to 6 h resulted in the arrest of the cells in dna synthesis and produced a nearly homogeneous population of unbudded cells. treatment of the yeast-phase cells with hu for 9 h or longer resulted in the accumulation of the cells predominantly as budded forms having eithe ... | 1980 | 7430070 |
| analysis of genes coding for small-subunit rrna sequences in studying phylogenetics of dematiaceous fungal pathogens. | because of their ability to display yeast-like growth forms in various environmental conditions, dematiaceous (melanized) hyphomycetes of the form-genera exophiala, rhinocladiella, and wangiella have been informally termed "black yeasts." cladistic analysis of 1,050 bp of the genes coding for small-subunit rrna (ssu rdna) supported a close relationship among species of these black yeasts with other dematiaceous hyphomycetes in the form-genera fonsecaea, phialophora, and ramichloridium. the conve ... | 1995 | 7615749 |
| pathogenicity of strains of the black yeast exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis: an evaluation based on polymerase chain reaction. | strains of exophiala dermatitidis, mainly originating from patients with systemic neurotropic mycosis in asia and from the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) in europe, were analysed by ribotyping of the small subunit rdna and by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd). a characteristic banding pattern for the species was found after restriction analysis of amplified fragments v9 and its4. the small subunit rdna gene of five strains was about 1800 base pairs (bp) long, while in 1 ... | 1994 | 7739652 |
| intravascular line infection with exophiala dermatitidis. | | 1995 | 7799730 |
| exophiala jeanselmei var. lecanii-corni, an aetiologic agent of human phaeohyphomycosis, with report of a case. | characters of morphology and nutritional physiology of exophiala jeanselmei var. lecanii-corni are described. the taxon was proven to be distinct from the var. jeanselmei and from exophiala dermatitidis by physiology, which is supported by molecular characters. a case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by var. lecanii-corni is reported. | 1994 | 7844702 |
| [detection of exophiala dermatitidis (kano) de hoog 1977 in septicemia of a child with acute lymphatic leukemia and in patients with cystic fibrosis]. | in 1992 black yeasts of the species exophiala dermatitidis were isolated for the first time from patients at the university clinics in dresden. since that time this relatively rarely detected fungus has been frequently cultivated from clinical specimens. our observations were: patient with acute lymphatic leukaemia: in a 3 1/2 years old boy e. dermatitidis was isolated from 8 blood cultures during a septicaemic phase. elimination of the fungus and decreasing of the fever were reached after remov ... | 1994 | 7854373 |
| nosocomial intravascular infection with exophiala dermatitidis. | | 1994 | 7934529 |
| pleoanamorphic life cycle of exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis. | the anamorph life cycle of the black yeast exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis is described. the fungus is dimorphic, yeast cells being the prevalent form of propagation. the fungus is strongly hydrophilic, probably completing its anamorph life cycle in submersion. adaptation to dry conditions is slow. types of conidiogenesis comprise annellidic, phialidic and sympodial reproduction, in addition to isotropic development. phialoconidia fail to germinate under the conditions tested, and thus may ha ... | 1994 | 7979319 |
| peritonitis due to wangiella dermatitidis in a patient on capd. | | 1993 | 8241338 |
| clinical and mycological spectra of wangiella dermatitidis infections. | the article reviews 37 cases of phaeohyphomycosis from the world literature up to 1992 accepted as being caused by wangiella dermatitidis. the various clinical aspects of these infections are characterized, and the nomenclatural implications in the history of this emerging pathogen are discussed. | 1993 | 8264710 |
| nutritional physiology and selective isolation of exophiala dermatitidis. | the nutritional physiology of ten strains of exophiala dermatitidis was investigated. the growth reactions to lactose, citrate, nitrate, nitrite, lysine, creatine and creatinine differ from those found in closely related black yeasts. in addition, it is the only exophiala species which is able to grow at 40 degrees c. a selective medium containing meso-erythritol as sole carbon source was evaluated. this medium is particularly useful for the isolation of black yeasts from lungs of patients with ... | 1993 | 8273999 |
| cell cycle regulation of polymorphism in wangiella dermatitidis. | phenotypic switching in wangiella dermatitidis between polarized growth processes leading to yeast budding or hyphal apical extension and nonpolarized processes leading to isotropically enlarged forms that may become multicellular is a cell-cycle related phenomenon. exit of yeasts from the budding growth cycle by this polymorphic agent of phaeohyphomycosis can be induced by incubation of wild-type (wt) cells in ph 2.5 medium at 25 degrees c, or of certain temperature-sensitive, cell-division-cyc ... | 1993 | 8298274 |
| systemic phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala dermatitidis. | we report a case of systemic phaeohyphomycosis due to exophiala dermatitidis in a 24-year-old man. at the age of 17, the patient had noticed cervical swellings. on palpation at his initial examination, more than a dozen firm lymph nodes between 1 and 5 cm in diameter were found on both sides of the neck and in both axillae. examination of biopsy specimens of lymph nodes revealed pale brown hyphae in granulomatous lesions and exophiala dermatitidis was isolated from mycological cultures of the lo ... | 1993 | 8316255 |
| isolation and confirmation of function of the coccidioides immitis ura5 (orotate phosphoribosyl transferase) gene. | the oprtase (ura5) gene of the human pathogenic fungus, coccidioides immitis (ci), was cloned, sequenced, chromosome-mapped and expressed both by transformation of escherichia coli and by complementation of wdura5delta, an auxotrophic strain of wangiella dermatitidis (wd) with a disrupted ura5 gene. a functional assay of the recombinant ura5 expressed by e. coli was conducted to ensure that the isolated ci gene encodes the appropriate enzyme. in the absence of a transformation system for ci, we ... | 1999 | 9931494 |
| fate of transforming dna in pathogenic fungi. | genetic engineering is an important tool in helping us to define the molecular basis of pathogenicity and is also useful in helping us to identify new therapeutic targets in pathogenic fungi. molecular genetic manipulation of micro-organisms requires the development of plasmid-mediated transformation systems that include: (i) infusion of exogenous dna into recipient cells, (ii) expression of genes present on the incoming dna, and (iii) stable maintenance and replication of the inserted dna leadi ... | 1998 | 9988490 |
| in-vitro activity of voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin b against filamentous fungi. | the in-vitro fungistatic and fungicidal activities of voriconazole were compared with those of itraconazole and amphotericin b. mics for 110 isolates belonging to 11 species of filamentous fungi were determined by a broth microdilution adaptation of the method recommended by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards. minimum lethal concentrations (mlcs) of the three antifungal agents were also determined. the mic ranges of the three compounds were comparable for aspergillus flavus ... | 1998 | 10052897 |
| isolation of lecythophora mutabilis and wangiella dermatitidis from the fruit eating bat, eidolon helvum. | lecythophora mutabilis was isolated from the lungs of 3 and from the liver of 2 bats, eidolon helvum a fruit eating species. wangiella dermatitidis was recovered from the liver of 2 bats of the same species. the isolates were pathogenic for laboratory mice when injected by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. w. dermatitidis was neurotropic in the mice injected intravenously. | 1993 | 8327002 |
| comparison of e-test and broth microdilution methods for antifungal drug susceptibility testing of molds. | we compared the e test with a broth microdilution method, performed according to national committee for clinical laboratory standards document m27-a guidelines, for determining the in vitro susceptibilities of 90 isolates of pathogenic molds (10 absidia corymbifera, 10 aspergillus flavus, 10 aspergillus fumigatus, 10 aspergillus niger, 10 aspergillus terreus, 10 exophiala dermatitidis, 10 fusarium solani, 10 scedosporium apiospermum, 5 scedosporium prolificans, and 5 scopulariopsis brevicaulis). ... | 1999 | 10203509 |
| in vitro activity of syn-2869, a novel triazole agent, against emerging and less common mold pathogens. | the in vitro activity of syn-2869 was compared with that of amphotericin b and itraconazole. mics for 100 isolates of pathogenic molds belonging to 12 species were determined by a broth microdilution adaptation of the method recommended by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards. syn-2869 and itraconazole showed comparable, good activity against the dematiaceous molds cladophialophora bantiana, cladophialophora carrionii, exophiala dermatitidis, fonsecaea pedrosoi, phialophora p ... | 1999 | 10223947 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of nikkomycin z in combination with fluconazole or itraconazole. | nikkomycins are nucleoside-peptide antibiotics produced by streptomyces species with antifungal activities through the inhibition of chitin synthesis. we investigated the antifungal activities of nikkomycin z alone and in combination with fluconazole and itraconazole. checkerboard synergy studies were carried out by a macrobroth dilution procedure with rpmi 1640 medium at ph 6.0. at least 10 strains of the following fungi were tested: candida albicans, other candida spp., cryptococcus neoformans ... | 1999 | 10348760 |
| new cause for false-positive results with the pastorex aspergillus antigen latex agglutination test. | the pastorex aspergillus antigen test for detection of aspergillus galactomannan antigen in the sera of patients with invasive aspergillosis is used in many clinical laboratories. a serum sample contaminated with penicillium chrysogenum gave a strongly positive reaction (1:128) which was heat stable, was not eliminated by pronase treatment, and was not detected by a normal rabbit globulin control. this observation was shown to be due to cross-reactions of the monoclonal antibody eb-a2 used by th ... | 1993 | 8408572 |
| evidence for two cell division cycle (cdc) genes that govern yeast bud emergence in the pathogenic fungus wangiella dermatitidis. | strains mc2 and mc3 are morphological mutants of the melanized, pathogenic fungus wangiella dermatitidis. these strains possess temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations designated mcm2 and mcm3, respectively. at the restrictive temperature (37 degrees c), uninucleate yeast cells of strains mc2 and mc3 cease budding and initiate an isotropic mode of cellular development, which is reflected in the formation of a multicellular and multinucleate morphology. because w. dermatitidis either lacks or has an ... | 1993 | 8478096 |
| a color-selectable and site-specific integrative transformation system for gene expression studies in the dematiaceous fungus wangiella (exophiala) dermatitidis. | to explore potential virulence factors in the dematiaceous (melanized) fungus wangiella dermatitidis, we established a gene expression system with properties of homologous transformation and color identification. using a polyketide synthase gene (wdpks1) fragment for targeting, we found that 52% of transformants became albinos easily distinguishable from nonspecific transformants. southern analysis confirmed that the integrations were at the wdpks1 locus, which however did not affect transforman ... | 1999 | 10541862 |
| nutritional physiology of type isolates of currently accepted species of exophiala and phaeococcomyces. | nutritional physiological and tolerance tests were performed for all type strains of species currently classified in the black yeast genera exophiala and phaeococcomyces, including some additional type strains of taxa recently reidentified as exophiala species. most described exophiala species can be distinguished by physiological characters. exophiala jeanselmei with its varieties, and e. castellanii should all be retained as separate taxa. the pairs of strains mycotorula schawii/exophiala derm ... | 1995 | 8526480 |
| a human isolate of exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis forming a catenate synanamorph that links the genera exophiala and cladophialophora. | a strain of the black yeast exophiala dermatitidis displayed a hydrophobic synanamorph consisting of acropetal chains of lemon-shaped conidia, morphologically similar to those of cladophialophora bantiana. the occurrence of the two conidial types in a single strain suggests a taxonomic affinity between exophiala and cladophialophora and provides support to the supposition that cladophialophora, a possible anamorph genus of herpotrichiellaceae, is related to black yeasts rather than to cladospori ... | 1995 | 8544089 |
| catheter-associated fungemia due to wangiella (exophiala) dermatitidis. | we describe a case of catheter-associated wangiella (exophiala) dermatitidis fungemia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected child who was successfully treated with antifungal therapy and catheter removal. catheter-associated w. dermatitidis fungemia appears to be distinct from previously described cases of disseminated infection with organ involvement. | 1996 | 8815072 |
| the effect of 5-fluorocytosine on the synthesis of 80s ribosomes by pathogenic fungi. | we studied the influence of 5-fluorocytosine(5fc) on the monomeric 80s ribosomes isolated by gradient ultracentrifugation from candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus and wangiella dermatitidis. labelling of the cultures with 32po4 and [3h]-leucine showed marked inhibition of both ribosomal rna and ribosomal protein synthesized during the contact of the fungi with the drug. the degree of inhibition was very similar for the synthesis of both ribosomal constituents, (mostl ... | 1981 | 7292207 |
| induction of synchronous growth in the yeast phase of wangiella dermatitidis. | synchronous yeast-phase cultures of wangiella dermatitidis were induced by starvation, heat shock, and inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by hydroxyurea. hydroxyurea-induced synchrony resulted in some distortion of the yeast-phase cell cycle. however, induction of synchrony by hydroxyurea is a rapid and simple technique which generates a marked degree of synchronous growth. | 1980 | 7364723 |
| expression of a constitutively active cdc42 homologue promotes development of sclerotic bodies but represses hyphal growth in the zoopathogenic fungus wangiella (exophiala) dermatitidis. | in contrast to the cdc42 homologues of saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe, the wdcdc42 gene in the human pathogenic fungus wangiella (exophiala) dermatitidis was found to be nonessential for cell viability. expression of the constitutively active allele wdcdc42(g14v) at 37 degrees c induced nonpolarized growth that led to cell enlargement and multiple nucleation. the swollen cells subsequently converted into planate divided bicellular forms or multiply septated sclerotic bodi ... | 2000 | 10940039 |
| cystic chromomycosis caused by wangiella dermatitidis. | | 1980 | 7416769 |
| [fluconazole and itraconazole susceptibility testing with clinical yeast isolates and algae of the genus prototheca by means of the etest]. | preliminary own results suggest, that the etest (produced by ab biodisk, solna, sweden) performed on casitone medium meets the requirements of a routine test of yeast susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole. testing of 46 clinical yeast isolates, of 5 strains of exophiala dermatitidis and 4 strains of algae of the genus prototheca revealed species-, genus- and strain-specific variations of the susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole. candida glabrata was less susceptible to both tr ... | 1996 | 9198743 |
| a comparison of methods of phenotypic and genotypic fingerprinting of exophiala dermatitidis isolated from sputum samples of patients with cystic fibrosis. | phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 11 strains of exophiala dermatitidis were investigated. ten strains (including three reference strains) were isolated from sputum samples of six patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) in germany, and one reference strain was isolated from a patient with phaeohyphomycosis in japan. the strains showed differences in their ability to assimilate sorbitol, palatinose, rhamnose, gluconate and melezitose, leading to the differentiation of seven auxotypes. the ic3 ... | 1997 | 9291887 |