| a review. innate resistance in malaria. | | 1976 | 7463 |
| malaria in the republic of the philippines. a review. | malaria in the republic of the philippines is caused principally by p. falciparum and p. vivax, with the former as predominant species. p. malariae is occasionally reported, while p. ovale is very rare and has been reported only in the island of palawan. malaria is widespread in distribution with prevalence varying from one area to the other. in 1970, the malaria morbidity rate was reported to be 77.6 per 100,000 while the mortality rate was 1.8 per 100,000. case detection activities revealed th ... | 1977 | 21558 |
| in vitro cultivation of the sporogonic stages of plasmodium: a review. | complete and continuous in vitro development of the sporogonic stages of the malarial parasite has not yet been accomplished, although success with erythrocytic stages (falciparum malaria) and exoerythrocytic stages (avian malaria) has been achieved. this lag in progress appears to be due to several inherent differences between sporogony and these other sequences of development. the trager-jensen system for in vitro development of erythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum results in the forma ... | 1977 | 22406 |
| culture of malaria parasites. | a human malaria vaccine that will protect against the blood stages of plasmodium falciparum is dependent upon the continuous cultre of the parasite. scientists have demonstrated that it is now possible to achieve this on a small scale. present expertise needs to be expanded to produce larger quantities of material for antigenic studies and potential vaccine production. | 1977 | 22942 |
| plasmodium falciparum malaria: probable role of mosquitoes imported by aerial way. | | 1978 | 24831 |
| gametocyte and gamete development in plasmodium falciparum. | | 1978 | 27809 |
| plasmodium falciparum: physiological interactions with the human sickle cell. | | 1979 | 33821 |
| plasmodium falciparum: microaerophilic requirements in human red blood cells. | | 1979 | 36286 |
| comparative studies on dihydrofolate reductases from plasmodium falciparum and aotus trivirgatus. | dihydrofolate reductase (e.c. 1.5.1.3) from plasmodium falciparum and from its host, the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus), were partially purified and characterized. the molecular weight of the parasite enzyme was estimated to be over 10 times as high as that of the host enzyme. the host enzyme had 2 ph optima whereas the parasite enzyme only one. the activity of the host enzyme was greatly stimulated by kcl and urea, while that of the parasite enzyme was inhibited at high concentrations of such c ... | 1979 | 44526 |
| letter: adjuvant treatment of severe falciparum malaria, intravascular coagulation, and heparin. | | 1975 | 46084 |
| letter: disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe falciparum malaria. | | 1975 | 46976 |
| refeeding-malaria and hyperferraemia. | during the central african (sahelian) drought, attacks of falciparum malaria were common in patients and their relatives shortly after their arrival in a hospital in eastern niger. a prospective study of 72 adult patients not admitted for malaria and 109 accompanying relatives was undertaken to investigate this observation. 23 attacks occurred in patients and 51 in relatives, with a peak frequency five days after arrival. on arrival, parasitaemia was low but reached a maximum by five days. s ... | 1975 | 47080 |
| complement changes and disseminated intravascular coagulation in plasmodium falciparum malaria. | complement activation as shown by increased clearance of radioactive c1q and reduction in serum-c3 level was found in fifteen (83%) of eighteen patients studied during plasmodium falciparum infection. six patients had haemostatic defects suggesting disseminated intravascular coagulation (d.i.c.), and five others had other clinical complications. a correlation was found between reduction of c3 and clinical complications as well as with the degree of anaemia and with thrombocytopenia. moreover, th ... | 1975 | 48001 |
| relation between malaria serum gamma-globulin concentration and the d-xylose absorption test. | d-xylose excretion after a 25 g. oral load was determined in 15 african subjects suffering from malaria. nine of them were re-investigated after the malaria had been or was being treated. malarial parasitaemia and pyrexia did not significantly influence results of the d-xylose test. however, in the untreated subjects, there was a significant inverse correlation between the weight of d-xylose excreted and the serum gamma-globulin concentrations. the observation may have a nutritional importance. | 1975 | 49959 |
| the indirect hemagglutination test for malaria. evaluation of antigens prepared from plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. | soluble antigens were prepared from plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax and were evaluated in the indirect hemagglutination test. these antigens, attached to aldehyde-fixed type "o" erythrocytes, detected antibodies in more than 91% of infections with the homologous plasmodium species. detection rates in infections caused by the heterologous species ranged from 72% to 76%. positive reactions occurred in less than 2% of sera from persons without malaria infection. | 1975 | 50747 |
| occurrence of s-antigens in serum in plasmodium falciparum infections in man. | gambians with severe plasmodium falciparum infections frequently have malarial s-antigens in their serum or plasma. detection of these with the available antisera which are from immune adults is complicated because there are many different s-antigens and none of the antisera contains antibodies to them all. despite this we found s-antigens in about 60% of a large series of malarious children and demonstrated that this was a considerable underestimate of the true incidence. we also showed that th ... | 1975 | 59433 |
| specificity of the circum-sporozoite precipitation antigen(s) of human and simian malarias. | | 1976 | 60482 |
| continuous culture of human-malaria parasites. | | 1977 | 64661 |
| [strain related differences in the immunodiagnosis of malaria (author's transl)]. | in infections with p. falciparum and p. vivax antibody titers were found to differ in relation to strains. various strains of both plasmodium species used as antigens showed differences in their sensitivity in reactions with one patient serum. in p. vivax infections it is supposed that some antibody titer differences are caused by antigen variations. | 1977 | 67686 |
| merozoite vaccination of douroucouli monkeys against falciparum malaria. | erythrocytic merozoites of plasmodium falciparum (gambia) were isolated from cultures of schizont-infected human red cells on cf 11 cellulose columns. douroucouli monkeys vaccinated with such preparations stored in liquid nitrogen and then emulsified in freund's complete adjuvant (f.c.a.), were resistant to successive challenges with west african (lagos) and east african (uganda palto-alto) strains of p. falciparum. the induced immunity is specific since vaccination with p. knowlesi merozoites i ... | 1977 | 69057 |
| open heart surgery complicated by postoperative malaria. | | 1977 | 70631 |
| malaria antigen-specific t-cell responsiveness during infection with plasmodium falciparum. | protective immunity against plasmodium falciparum develops only after several years of repeated exposure to the malarial parasite. we therefore investigated the possibility that acute malaria was associated with malarial antigen-specific immunosuppression. peripheral lymphocytes of west africans with and without p. falciparum infections were tested for their in vitro proliferative responses to a preparation of p. falciparum antigen. there was no significant difference between the magnitude of th ... | 1977 | 73436 |
| fetal haemoglobin and malaria. | the distribution and growth of plasmodium falciparum was compared in red blood-cells containing either adult or fetal haemoglobins. in in-vitro cultures, cord blood-cells were invaded more readily, but there was a paucity of parasites in cells containing haemoglobin f in the blood of infected infants aged 3-6 months. these findings suggest that p. falciparum may preferentially invade young, metabolically active erythrocytes. there was a significant retardation of parasite growth in vitro in cell ... | 1976 | 73695 |
| parasites which migrate to the brain. | | 1976 | 73713 |
| looking back for a view of the future: observations on immunity to induced malaria. | | 1977 | 74211 |
| fetal haemoglobin and malaria. | | 1976 | 74487 |
| drug sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum. an in-vitro microtechnique. | | 1978 | 74500 |
| low erythrocyte pyridoxal-kinase activity in blacks: its possible relation to falciparum malaria. | the red-cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g.-6-p.d.) activity and red-cell pyridoxal-kinase (p.l.k.) activity of 27 nigerian children with severe plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia were compared with those of 26 healthy nigerian children and 6 white adults. the mean p.l.k. activity of the malaria patients was similar to that of the whites but significantly higher than that of the nigerian controls. correction for reduced mean red-cell age in patients was made by comparing the p.l.k.: g.-6- ... | 1978 | 76019 |
| impairment of the immune response to vaccination after acute malaria. | children with acute malaria were vaccinated with salmonella typhi and meningococcal vaccines at varying times after the onset of their illness. the immune response to both vaccines was depressed when they were given on the day of presentation at hospital. immune responsiveness to s. typhi vaccine was rapidly regained after treatment, but a month after the attack the immune response to meningococcal vaccine was still impaired. | 1978 | 78096 |
| transient changes in serum lipoproteins during antimalarial therapy and malaria. | | 1978 | 80548 |
| malaria and immunology. | | 1978 | 81994 |
| cultured plasmodium falciparum used as antigen in a malaria indirect fluorescent antibody test. | human sera obtained from persons infected with plasmodium falciparum were tested by a standard indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) technique using antigen obtained from long term in vitro cultures of two strains of p. falciparum, and antibody in high titer was reproducibly detected. sera from uninfected persons had undetectable or very low titers of antibody. the use of cultured parasites offers a convenient, stable source of antigens from different p. falciparum strains without requiring their ... | 1978 | 82407 |
| severe malaria and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency: a reappraisal of the malaria/g-6-p.d. hypothesis. | nigerian children with convulsions and plasmodium falciparium parasitaemia above 100,000/microliter did not show a decreased frequency of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (g.-6-p.d.) deficiency. a re-evaluation of earlier studies has led to the conclusion that clinical evidence of protection against falciparum malaria in g.-6-p.d.-deficient individuals is lacking. evidence for the possible role of malaria in selecting for g.-6-p.d.-deficient genes consists solely of the geographical association ... | 1979 | 85108 |
| cause of anaemia in malaria. | 51cr studies showed that after complete eradication of malarial parasites erythrocyte life-span is reduced for 4-5 weeks and that the reduction is associated with the presence of complement-containing immune complexes on the red-cell surface. the rate of erythrophagocytosis in the spleen is increased during this period. 59fe studies of erythropoiesis indicated a mild degree of marrow depression. a very important factor causing anaemia in malaria appears to be a complement-mediated immune process ... | 1979 | 86777 |
| the malaria/g.-6-p.d. hypothesis. | | 1979 | 86896 |
| increasing incidence of malaria in britain. | | 1979 | 87705 |
| fansidar resistant falciparum malaria in indonesia. | | 1979 | 89577 |
| antigenicity of the infected-erythrocyte and merozoite surfaces in falciparum malaria. | the antigenicity of altered structures induced by plasmodium falciparum in the membranes of infected aotus monkey and human erythrocytes was examined. antisera were obtained from monkeys made immune to malaria. bound antibodies were shown to be localized on the knob protrusions of infected erythrocytes of both human and monkey origin and from both in vitro and in vivo infections. therefore, p. falciparum infection has produced similar antigenic changes in the erythrocyte surfaces of both man and ... | 1979 | 91658 |
| chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum from east africa: cultivation and drug sensitivity of the tanzanian i/cdc strain from an american tourist. | a strain of plasmodium falciparum, designated tanzanian i/cdc, from an american tourist returning from tanzania, was isolated in vitro and in the aotus monkey. clinically, the infection showed a late recrudescent pattern of chloroquine resistance. in 2 inoculated aotus monkeys, the infection recrudesced after a dose of chloroquine (40 mg/kg) curative for sensitive p. falciparum strains in the aotus monkey. in 4 ,dditional monkeys two primary infections and one of the recrudescent parasitaemias w ... | 1979 | 91887 |
| chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum in africa. | | 1979 | 92720 |
| recent advances in applied malaria immunology. | our present knowledge of cellular and humoral factors which are involved in immunity to plasmodial infections are discussed. immunization against plasmodial infection has been achieved in birds, rodents, simians, and humans. avian hosts have been immunized against gametocytes which resulted in inhibition of gametocytes within the mosquito vector. immunization of humans against plasmodial gametocytes would indirectly protect them against malaria by blocking mosquito transmission to other suscepti ... | 1979 | 93828 |
| studies on the burma (thau.) strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. | the burma (thau.) strain of plasmodium falciparum was established in 3 aotus trivirgatus monkeys by the inoculation of parasitized blood from man. subsequently, passage from monkey to monkey was obtained through subinoculation of blood parasites to 15 aotus monkeys. anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were fed on these infections on 207 occasions; in 105 of these trials, mosquitoes became infected. a total of 335 (9.9%) of the 3,378 individual mosquitoes dissected were infected. passage of the infect ... | 1978 | 96244 |
| stage-specific antigens on the surface membrane of sporozoites of malaria parasites. | | 1978 | 96355 |
| quinine-like drug attacks resistant malaria strains. | | 1978 | 97402 |
| antimalarial activities of various 4-quinolonemethanols with special attention to wr-142,490 (mefloquine). | pilot appraisals of the activities of a selected group of 4-quinolinemethanols against acute plasmodium falciparum infections in owl monkeys indicated that compounds of this class are equally active against infections with chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-susceptible strains and that this efficacy is not compromised by concomitant resistance to pyrimethamine, and in addition, identified three derivatives with outstanding activity (wr-226,253; wr-142,490; and wr-184,806). wr-142,490, the sec ... | 1978 | 98104 |
| immunopathology of malaria. | | 1978 | 98476 |
| summing up of the symposium: immunology and immunopathology of malaria. | | 1978 | 98477 |
| malaria immunity induced by infection with cultured parasites of plasmodium falciparum. | | 1978 | 98625 |
| [immuno-electro-diffusion on cellulose acetate membrane for serological testing in human malaria (author's transl)]. | an immuno-electro-diffusion assay for human malaria, using cellulose acetate gel, is described. more than 3500 sera have been tested by this method, which proved very useful for epidemiology since 400 sera a day can be tested by one person, with simple equipment. its sensitivity compared well to the ifa test, although the antibodies revealed are quite different. a constnat precipitin line appeared, against 56 degrees c labile antigens, in sera of subjects infected by p. falciparum, and up to 8 o ... | 1978 | 98748 |
| plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections in the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus). i. the courses of untreated infections. | this study, the first of three designed to determine the feasibility of using owl monkeys infected with human plasmodia in the search for new, more broadly active antimalarial drugs, dealt with the characteristics of untreated infections with eight strains of plasmodium falciparum and two strains of p. vivax. such infections, induced by standardized inocula of these strains in 1,733 monkeys, all aotus trivirgatus griseimembra, were followed from day of inoculation to death of self-cure. the viru ... | 1978 | 99055 |
| plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections in the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus). ii. responses to chloroquine, quinine, and pyrimethamine. | the studies described in this report were designed to determine the responses of established infections with eight strains of plasmodium falciparum and two strains of p. vivax in owl monkeys to treatment with chloroquine, quinine, and pyrimethamine. responses with these different strains ranged from cure via application of well-tolerated doses of two of the above drugs and refractoriness to treatment with maximally tolerated doses of the third, to complete resistance to maximally tolerated doses ... | 1978 | 99056 |
| plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections in the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus). iii. methods employed in the search for new blood schizonticidal drugs. | this report describes, illustrates, and validates the major features of a procedure designed to provide primary assessments of the activities of potential antimalarial drugs against infections with chloroquine-resistant or pyrimethamine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum in owl monkeys of colombian origin. studies with 14 specially selected compounds have shown that the test method has the capacity to identify and quantify diverse levels of therapeutic efficacy among agents that differ w ... | 1978 | 99057 |
| effect of falciparum malaria infection on the in vitro mitogen responses of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes from owl monkeys. | the response of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) to mitogen stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (pha), concanavalin a (cona), and pokeweed mitogen (pwm) was determined for owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus) experimentally infected with the vietnam-oak knoll (fvo) and the uganda-palo alto (fup) strains of plasmodium falciparum. pbl from panamanian aotus monkeys with less than 25% fvo infection responded normally to mitogen stimulation; however, increased parasitemia of 25--50% resulted ... | 1978 | 99058 |
| vaccination of experimental monkeys against plasmodium falciparum: a possible safe adjuvant. | owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus griseimembra) were effectively immunized against a human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. two injections of antigen, primarily mature segmenters with fully developed merozoites, mixed with adjuvant (6-o-stearoyl-n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine and liposomes) were administered intramuscularly at a 4-week interval. approximately 2 weeks after the second vaccination, the monkeys were challenged with the homologous strain of p. falciparum. all immunized ... | 1978 | 99814 |
| antimalarial activities of various 9-phenanthrenemethanols with special attention to wr-122,455 and wr-171,669. | pilot appraisals of the activities of 16 specially selected 9-phenanthrenemethanols against acute infections with plasmodium falciparum in owl monkeys showed that all were more active than the reference compound, wr-33,063. wr-122,455, the most active derivative, and wr-171,669, ranked sixth, were selected for study in human volunteers. to assist this undertaking, appraisals of both compounds in owl monkeys infected with various strains of p. falciparum were expanded. these assessments showed: ( ... | 1978 | 101127 |
| antimalarial activities of various 4-pyridinemethanols with special attention to wr-172,435 and wr-180,409. | pilot appraisals of the activities of 10 specially selected 2,6-substituted-4-pyridinemethanols against acute plasmodium falciparum infections in owl monkeys identified three derivatives that were two to three times as active as chloroquine against infections with a 4-aminoquinoline-susceptible strain and, at the same doses, were equally effective against infections with a strain fully resistant to treatment with maximally tolerated doses of chloroquine, quinine, and pyrimethamine. two of these ... | 1978 | 101132 |
| suppression of lymphocyte transformation by plasma from owl monkeys acutely infected with plasmodium falciparum. | plasma collected from owl monkeys during the acute phase of plasmodium falciparum infection was shown to adversely affect several in vitro responses which are considered to be correlates of cell-mediated immune functions of normal monkeys. in the presence of acute-phase plasma, response of normal monkey peripheral blood lymphocytes to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin a, and pokeweed mitogen was severely reduced, as was the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to respond to al ... | 1978 | 101455 |
| [an epidemiological consideration of the status of infection in 29 patients with malaria (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 101609 |
| folate antagonists. 13. 2,4-diamino-6-](alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)thio]quinazoline and related 2,4-diamino-6-[(phenyl- and naphthyl)thio]quinazolines, a unique class of antimetabolites with extraordinary antimalarial and antibacterial effects. | an array of nonclassical thioquinazoline analogues (viii) of methotrexate was prepared by cyclization of the requisite 2-amino-5-(arylthio)benzonitrile with chloroformamidine hydrochloride (28--79%). the aminonitrile precursors were obtained by sncl2-hcl reduction (28--99%) of the corresponding 2-nitro-5-(arylthio)benzonitriles, which were synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitriles with various arylthiols (36--83%). many of the thioquinazolines (viii) showed ... | 1978 | 102792 |
| immunization against malaria with antigen from plasmodium falciparum cultivated in vitro. | aotus monkeys, which are generally killed when infected with the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, have been identified and grouped by karyotype. these animals were immunized with parasite material obtained from p. falciparum cultivated in vitro which had been maintained in culture for over a year. when sufficient amounts of this antigenic material were used with a synthetic muramyl dipeptide (mdp), protective immunity was induced without presenting the antigen in complete freund's a ... | 1978 | 103100 |
| partial protection of plasmodium falciparum-vaccinated aotus trivirgatus against a challenge of a heterologous strain. | two aotus trivirgatus griseimenbra monkeys which had been immunized with the merozoite-enriched fup strain of plasmodium falciparum were protected against a primary challenge with the homologous strain. the results described here show that these two monkeys were protected against a subsequent challenge with a heterologous strain (fvo) of p. falciparum. the unimmunized control monkey died of fvo infection by day 18. | 1978 | 103450 |
| antimalarial activities of wr-194,965, an alpha-amino-o-cresol derivative. | pilot appraisals of the activities of wr-194,965 and wr-204,165, two closely related o-cresol derivatives (both mannich bases), in owl monkeys infected with the multidrug-resistant vietnam smith strain of plasmodium falciparum showed that these compounds had similar levels of efficacy. total course doses effecting 90% cures (cd(90)s) were 27 and 37 mg/kg of body weight for the respective compounds, values almost identical to the cd(90) of mefloquine (a highly promising 4-quinolinemethanol) again ... | 1978 | 103492 |
| antimalarial activities of the 4-quinolinemethanols wr-184,806 and wr-226,253. | wr-184,806 and wr-226,253, two 4-quinolinemethanols structurally similar to wr-142,490 (mefloquine), have been studied in depth in owl monkeys infected with various drug-resistant and drug-susceptible strains of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax in an effort to provide support and guidance for projected evaluations in human volunteers. the results of these studies, confirmatory of preliminary appraisals, showed that wr-184,806 was approximately one-third as active as wr-142,490 against infectio ... | 1978 | 103493 |
| fine structure of human malaria in vitro. | the erythrocytic cycle of the human malaria parasite, plasmodium, falciparum, was examined by electron microscopy. three strains of parasites maintained in continuous culture in human erythrocytes were compared with in vivo infections in aotus monkeys. the ultrastructure of p. falciparum is not altered by continuous cultivation in vitro. mitochondria contain dna-like filaments and some cristae at all stages of the erythrocytic life cycle. the golgi apparatus is prominent at the schizont stage an ... | 1978 | 105129 |
| application of radioisotopes in the study of malaria in thailand. | | 1979 | 109557 |
| susceptibility of owl monkeys to plasmodium falciparum infection in relation to location of origin, phenotype, and karyotype. | the relationship among geographic origin, phenotype, karyotype, and susceptibility of owl monkeys to 2 strains of plasmodium falciparum was investigated. owl monkeys from columbia and panama were both susceptible to fatal infections with the asian fvo (vietnam-oak knoll) strain of p. falciparum. however, when inoculated with the african fup (uganda-palo alto) strain, most colombian owl monkeys developed fatal or potentially fatal (bled out with parasitemias of over 25%) infections, but panamania ... | 1979 | 109608 |
| inhibition of the in vitro growth of plasmodium falciparum. i. the effects of immune serum and purified immunoglobulin from owl monkeys. | sera from aotus sp. monkeys (karyotypes ii, iii, and iv) which were immune to plasmodium falciparum have been used to inhibit the in vitro growth of this human malaria parasite. culture conditions used for the assays allowed 50- to 100-fold increases in the number of a+ erythrocytes infected in a 96-hr period in control cultures. although normal monkey serum did not support growth as well as normal human serum, mixtures of normal monkey and human serum were found that did. compared to such contr ... | 1979 | 113460 |
| studies on the 2,4-diamino-6-substituted quinazolines. ii. activities of selected derivatives against infections with various drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in owl monkeys. | four 6-thio-, one 6-sulfinyl-, and two 6-sulfonyl-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines were evaluated for capacities to cure established infections with the chloroquine-resistant vietnam oak knoll and pyrimethamine-resistant malayan camp-ch/q strains of plasmodium falciparum in owl monkeys. as compared with the doses of standard drugs required for cure of infections with drug-susceptible strains or doses of the newly developed aminoalcohols required for cure of either drug-susceptible or drug-res ... | 1979 | 114065 |
| studies on the 2,4-diamino-6-substituted quinazolines. iii. the capacity of sulfadiazine to enhance the activities of wr-158,122 and wr-159,412 against infections with various drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in owl monkeys. | previous studies showed: 1) that the activities of the 2,4-diamino-6-substituted quinazolines. wr-158,122 and wr-159,412, against plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections in owl monkeys, were seriously impaired when infecting strains were pyrimethamine-resistant; and 2) that primary treatment failure with either agent led frequently to emergence of parasites resistant to these derivatives. taking advantage of the potencies of wr-158,122 and wr-159,412 as dihydrofolic acid reductase ... | 1979 | 114066 |
| the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for malaria. i. the use of in vitro-cultured plasmodium falciparum as antigen. | using the panama ii strain of plasmodium falciparum obtained from continuous in vitro culture as antigen, the micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to test serum samples from 50 persons from the southeastern united states and serum specimens collected weekly from four non-immune and nine semi-immune patients infected with p. falciparum. none of the 50 sera from the united states had elisa antibody titers greater than 1:80. the nine semi-immune patients had rapid elisa antibody ... | 1979 | 116555 |
| effect of sequential infection with plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum in the aotus trivirgatus monkey. | aotus trivirgatus monkeys with prior experience with plasmodium vivax were inoculated with p. falciparum via the bites of infected mosquitoes. the animals with prior malaria had higher parasitemias and significantly higher levels of mosquito infectivity than monkeys with no prior p. vivax experience. monkeys with a history of p. falciparum that were inoculated with p. vivax had essentially the same parasitemias as those with no prior malaria. however, levels of mosquito infectivity were markedly ... | 1979 | 117086 |
| studies on the west african i strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. | the west african i strain of plasmodium falciparum was isolated from a commercial airline pilot who had an overnight stay in nigeria. once established in the aotus trivirgatus griseimembra monkey, the parasite produced high parasitemias and readily infected mosquitoes. anopheles freeborni and an. maculatus mosquitoes transmitted the infection to additional animals. infected salivary glands were also seen in an. culcifacies. comparative infectivity studies indicated the most susceptible mosquito ... | 1979 | 117091 |
| bleeding diathesis in malaria. | | 1979 | 117556 |
| antimalarial properties of floxacrine, a dihydroacridinedione derivative. | evaluations of the activities of floxacrine [7-chloro-10-hydroxy-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,4-dihydroacridine-1,9(2h, 10h)-dione] in owl monkeys infected with trophozoites of a chloroquine-quinine-resistant strain of plasmodium falciparum, a strain of this plasmodium resistant to both of these quinolines and pyrimethamine, or a strain of p. vivax resistant only to pyrimethamine showed that: (i) this compound regularly effected temporary clearance of parasitemia at daily doses of 1.25 to 2.5 m ... | 1979 | 117747 |
| renal disease in acute plasmodium falciparum infection in man. | | 1979 | 119089 |
| [advantages of the errecart's technique for the identification of plasmodium (author's transl)]. | errecart (1945) proposed a modified technique for making thick films for the diagnosis of chaga's disease. we applied his technique to the study of malaria in mammals; the morphology of the blood parasites is very well preserved and allows the identification of species which are frequently not identifiable in ordinary thick films. | 1979 | 120125 |
| [current information on treatment and prophylaxis of malaria (author's transl)]. | malaria is not a disease of the past. as long as worldwide eradication has not been achieved there is a close connection between countries which export it and those which import it. if the european doctor is presently confronted with a feverish disease which may have been brought in from a tropical area, he should immediately think of malaria and take the necessary measures for treatment. if patients or travelers come into the office and enquire about drugs and preventive measures against malari ... | 1979 | 120502 |
| immunization of aotus trivirgatus against plasmodium falciparum with irradiated blood forms. | five owl monkeys, aotus trivirgatus, were immunized against falciparum malaria by the intravenous injection of gamma-irradiated parasitized blood from donor monkeys with high parasitaemias. each animal received approximately 1 x 10(8) parasitized erythrocytes per immunizing dose. three monkeys received 4 doses and 2 monkeys received a single dose. after challenge, 3 control monkeys that received saline and the 2 monkeys that received a single dose of parasitized blood died with fulminant parasit ... | 1979 | 120764 |
| factors affecting the in vitro culture of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium knowlesi. | plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium knowlesi have been established in continuous culture using the basic method of trager & jensen. various parameters of the culture system have been examined, namely, the gas requirements, serum and red cell requirements, frequency of medium replacement, and a comparison of static and agitated cultures made. the most important factors affecting growth in vitro seem to be the oxygen tension, red cell concentration, the frequency with which old medium is replaced ... | 1979 | 120767 |
| immunization of experimental monkeys against plasmodium falciparum: use of synthetic adjuvants. | the replacement of freund's adjuvant by a possible safe adjuvant for effective immunization of owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus griseimembra) against a human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum, has been investigated. experiments involved the use of two synthetic adjuvants: mdp (n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine) and stearoyl-mdp (6-o-stearoyl-n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine). in both cases, p. falciparum merozoites obtained through short-term in vitro cultivation were used as an ... | 1979 | 120768 |
| malaria vaccination with irradiated sporozoites: serological evaluation of the antigen and antibody responses. | vaccination against plasmodium falciparum with attenuated sporozoites is the goal of the us navy's malaria vaccine program. one requirement in the development of this vaccine is an immunological test to study the sporozoite antigen and immune responses it induces. using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and p. berghei in the mouse or rat as a model, we have made significant progress toward this goal. four antigens were detected in vaccine preparations: sporozoite-specific antigens, mo ... | 1979 | 120769 |
| in vitro inhibition of the growth of plasmodium falciparum by aotus serum. | an in vitro assay for measuring growth and reinvasion inhibition of plasmodium falciparum was developed from a microculture system. inhibition of growth was observed after parasites had been incubated with aotus serum obtained from monkeys that had become immune to malaria after repeated exposure to p. falciparum. immune aotus serum (ias), at concentrations as low as 1.25%, showed a marked inhibitory effect upon parasites cultured in 10% normal human serum (nhs). growth was also inhibited when 5 ... | 1979 | 120771 |
| a study of cellular and humoral immune responses in owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus) following vaccination against plasmodium falciparum. | vaccination of animals against malaria parasites is thought to induce two basic immunological responses: (i) specific recognition of parasite antigens by the host, and (ii) a generalized immune enhancement due to the presence of adjuvant. immunological techniques were used in this study to monitor cellular and humoral immune changes in owl monkeys prior to and following immunization with a vaccine consisting of merozoite-enriched schizonts of plasmodium falciparum and one of three adjuvants: n-a ... | 1979 | 120772 |
| use of attenuated sporozoites in the immunization of human volunteers against falciparum malaria. | three human volunteers were successfully protected against sporozoite challenge by immunization with attenuated sporozoites of the tamenie strain of plasmodium falciparum from ethiopia. the immunizing sporozoites were attenuated by exposing infected anopheles stephensi mosquitos to x-rays at a dose of at least 120 gy (12 000 rad). these irradiated, infected mosquitos were allowed to feed upon volunteers, thereby inoculating sporozoites into their blood stream. during the 10- to 38-week period of ... | 1979 | 120773 |
| isolation of stages of the human parasite plasmodium falciparum from culture and from animal blood. | procedures for isolation of various forms of the asexual erythrocytic stages of the human parasite plasmodium falciparum are outlined. the procedures employ the plasma expander physiogel, which is composed of a chemically modified, partially hydrolysed gelatin dissolved in ringer's lactate. based on the observation that parasitized cells which are easily separable by this technique differ appreciably at the ultrastructural level, a mechanism by which separation occurs is proposed. | 1979 | 120774 |
| parasitic infections and the genitourinary tract. | | 1975 | 124862 |
| [chemotherapy in areas of persistent malaria transmission and resistence of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in panama]. | | 1975 | 125597 |
| [introduction of malaria into the rsfsr]. | | 1975 | 126355 |
| chloroquine-resistant malaria in burma. | two field trials to detect chloroquine-resistant malaria were conducted according to who recommendations in a malaria free area near rangoon. peripheral blood smears were examined for asexual forms of p. falciparum on day one through to day seven, on day 14, 21, and 28 after a standard dose of 1500 mg. of chloroquine base. haskins test to detect chloroquine in urine was done on all cases and plasma chloroquine levels were measured in some. out of 105 patients tested ri resistance was detected in ... | 1975 | 128638 |
| [gel diffusion tests in malaria. validity according to different techniques of extracting soluble antigens. sensitivity compared with indirect immunofluorescence]. | the value of the gel diffusion test in human malaria varied considerably, depending on the different methods tested to obtain soluble antigens. with one of these antigens, a saponin lysate of plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes, the test proved as sensitive and specific as the ifa test with the homologous antigen. | 1975 | 129243 |
| the kidney in infectious diseases. | | 1976 | 129758 |
| clinical and experimental investigation of immune complexes in malaria. | | 1976 | 133011 |
| [renal involvement in malaria (author's transl)]. | malaria infection leads to renal involvement. reversible proteinuria accompanies many plasmodial infections. chronic malarial nephrotic syndrome is specifically associated with quartan malaria. acute renal failure is restricted to infections with plasmodium falciparum. the pathogenesis of renal involvement during malarial infections includes immunological mechanisms. it is now realized that there exist at least two types of immunological processes: acute transient immune-complex glomerulonephrit ... | 1976 | 135874 |
| exotic diseases. ounce of prevention or pound of cure? | with the growth of international travel, exotic diseases have assumed increasing importance to the physician. they can be effectively prevented by the use of commonsense measures. the physician should be prepared to offer advice on food, drink, and use of prophylactid drugs and to give needed immunizations to patients planning to travel. the biggest pitfall in diagnosis of exotic disease is failure to connect a history of travel with the signs and symptoms. an answer to the simple question, "whe ... | 1977 | 142245 |
| resistance to antimalarials by plasmodium falciparum in burma. | | 1977 | 142304 |
| [imported malaria in leningrad in 1975-1977]. | | 1979 | 154588 |
| [chemotherapy of infections in the third world]. | | 1979 | 162323 |
| parasitology survey and seroepidemiology of amoebiasis in south kalimantan (borneo), indonesia. | a parasitology surevy was conducted among inhabitants of 7 villages in 3 regencies in south kalimantan province, indonesia. a total of 2,169 stool specimens, 2,756 blood smears and 1,027 serum specimens were obtained, representing samples from approximately 10%, 12% and 5% of the population, respectively. one to 8 different intestinal parasitic infections were detected in 97% of the people. those parasites most frequently found were trichuris trichiura (83%), ascaris lumbricoides (79%), and hook ... | 1975 | 167454 |
| biomedical survey in irian jaya (west irian), indonesia. | a biomedical survey was conducted in several areas of irian jaya, indonesia in july 1972 in association with an investigation of reports of a cholera outbreak. stool specimens, blood smears and sera were collected and examined for evidence of parasitic as well as other infectious diseases. a total of 114 stools were examined and the most commonly found intestinal parasites were trichuris trichiura (94%), ascaris lumbricoides (74%), hookworm (58%), entamoeba coli (15%), endolimax nana (8%), entam ... | 1977 | 208184 |
| [severe forms of imported malaria concerning three pernicious attacks and a black water fever (hemoglobinuria) (author's transl)]. | four severe cases of imported malaria are reported here. three of them are pernicious and the fourth is a black water fever (hemoglobinuria). the difficulties of initial diagnosis are exposed. there was no mortality in these four cases which represent the annual recruiting of a multipurpose intensive care unit. but the complications are severe in contradiction with easy effective chemoprophylaxis. the principles of treatment and prophylaxis are resumed in the light of these four observations. | 1979 | 230588 |