| [proteinuria in quartan malaria-infected aotus monkeys]. | this paper describes the characterization of proteinuria in aotus monkeys infected with quartan malaria (plasmodium brasilianum), using a micro-disc-electrophoresis system. in the post infection urine samples, increases in total proteinuria, albuminuria and gamma-globulinuria were noted a few weeks after peak parasitaemia. two new proteins also appeared in the urine of malaria infected animals. these findings are discussed with reference to the belief that the aotus-p. brasilianum system can be ... | 1975 | 56072 |
| plasmodium brasilianum antigen for use in the indirect hemagglutination test. | antigen was prepared from plasmodium brasilianum harvested from an infected spider monkey. this antigen was attached to aldehyde-fixed, human type o cells, and was tested against sera from human cases of p. malaria, p. vivax, p. falciparum, and p. ovale infection, and sera from noninfected persons. at dilutions of 1:16 or greater the antigen failed to react in sera from noninfected persons. it reacted at titers of 16 or above with sera from 85% of the persons with p. malariae infection, 83% with ... | 1976 | 1259094 |
| simian malaria in brazil. | in brazil simian malaria is widely spread, being frequent in the amazon region (10% of primates infected) and even more in the forested coastal mountains of the southeastern and southern regions (35% and 18% infected, respectively), but absent in the semi-arid northeast. only two species of plasmodia have been found: the quartan-like plasmodium brasilianum and the tertian-like p. simium, but the possible presence of other species is not excluded. p. brasilianum is found in all enzootic foci, but ... | 1992 | 1343676 |
| epstein-barr virus transformation of saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkey) b cells and generation of a plasmodium brasilianum-specific monoclonal antibody in p. brasilianum-infected monkeys. | the new-world monkeys saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkeys) are currently used as a model to test the efficacy of vaccines against human malaria. to improve our knowledge on this model, we tested the susceptibility of s. sciureus b cells to epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection. b-lymphoblastoid cell lines were obtained from six of six healthy animals after infection with the b95-8 source of ebv. the frequency distributions of spleen b cells clonally committed to the production of immunoglobulins m a ... | 1991 | 1646769 |
| blood stage-induced plasmodium brasilianum infection in the squirrel monkey induces antibodies which react with the circumsporozoite protein. | a blood stage-induced p. brasilianum infection in a naive squirrel monkey induced antibodies which reacted with the circumsporozoite protein of the parasite. titers increased with duration of infection and persisted for 3 months after cure. in an immunoblot, these antibodies detected two polypeptides with molecular weights identical to those of the circumsporozoite protein and its precursor. | 1991 | 1997421 |
| the peruvian iii strain of plasmodium brasilianum in saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium brasilianum was isolated from a naturally infected saimiri monkey from peru and subsequently passaged to 21 splenectomized saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. nine of 12 attempts to transmit infection by sporozoite inoculation were successful with prepatent periods ranging from 23 to 41 days. gametocytes were infective to anopheles freeborni, anopheles stephensi, anopheles dirus, anopheles maculatus, and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. the strain demonstrated a high level ... | 1990 | 2213410 |
| on the evolutionary history of the circumsporozoite protein in plasmodia. | we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the circumsporozoite (cs) gene of plasmodium brasilianum and present an analysis of its evolutionary profile. despite the lack of a reliable time scale, the analysis of the number and distribution of fixations among seven taxa provides a first glimpse of the evolutionary history of the cs gene, and suggests that the branching events of this gene are completely unconnected with--and far precede in time--the speciation event of the parasite's vertebrat ... | 1990 | 2323391 |
| sero-epidemiological studies of malaria in indian tribes and monkeys of the amazon basin of brazil. | a sero-epidemiological study of malaria, with special emphasis on plasmodium brasilianum/p. malariae, was conducted on 4 indian tribes living in the amazon basin of northern brazil: the arara, the parakana, the asurini, and the metuktire. the incidence of malaria, as determined by blood films, was very low in all tribes. parasitemia levels in most individuals were less than 0.02%; determination of the plasmodial species was not feasible. high levels of antibodies to both blood stages and sporozo ... | 1989 | 2508499 |
| association of microneme antigens of plasmodium brasilianum merozoites with knobs and other parasite-induced structures in host erythrocytes. | the localization of plasmodium brasilianum antigens, common to merozoite micronemes and parasite-induced structures in the host erythrocyte, was determined by means of immunogold electron microscopy and monoclonal antibodies directed against blood stages of this parasite. all monoclonal antibodies reacted with micronemes. in addition, some reacted with either knob protrusions or caveolae of the host erythrocyte membrane; one reacted with a parasite-derived antigen present in the erythrocyte cyto ... | 1989 | 2643577 |
| glomerulonephritis in common marmosets infected with plasmodium brasilianum and epstein-barr virus. | plasmodium brasilianum causes chronic quartan malaria in the common marmoset callithrix jacchus, whereas epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection is followed by an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome that resolves. we infected weanling marmosets with one or both of these pathogens. timing of the infections influenced outcome. six animals were simultaneously infected with both agents; four became seriously ill (with accompanying proteinuria and edema) and either died or were killed. histopathology i ... | 1988 | 2844917 |
| structure of the circumsporozoite gene of plasmodium malariae. | the sequence of the gene encoding the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium malariae was determined. the central immunodominant region of the protein consists of 45 copies of the sequence asn-ala-ala-gly and 6 copies of the sequence asn-asp-ala-gly. the csp of the monkey parasite plasmodium brasilianum contains the same repetitive sequences. further comparison of the two genes in regions outside the immunodominant domains reveals only three nucleotide differences and each results in an amino ac ... | 1988 | 3054537 |
| circumsporozoite protein gene from plasmodium brasilianum. animal reservoirs for human malaria parasites? | we describe here the sequence of the circumsporozoite protein gene of the monkey malaria parasite plasmodium brasilianum and show that the immunodominant repeat domain is the same as that of the human malaria parasite, plasmodium malariae. the immunodominant epitope on the surface of sporozoites of a third species of human malaria parasite has, therefore, been identified. this genetic based data and the biological similarities between p. brasilianum and p. malariae support their putative zoonoti ... | 1988 | 3128542 |
| membrane-associated antigens of blood stages of plasmodium, brasilianum, a quartan malaria parasite. | the localization of plasmodium brasilianum-derived antigens in short and long clefts within the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes and in association with knobs of the host cell membrane was demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy with monoclonal antibodies. our results document that malaria-induced short and long clefts, previously distinguishable only by morphology, differ also in antigenic composition. another parasite-derived antigen was found to be associated with the parasitophorous vacu ... | 1988 | 3397184 |
| [attempt to develop erythrocyte forms of plasmodium brasilianum in vitro]. | | 1987 | 3507978 |
| monoclonal antibodies produced against sporozoites of the human parasite plasmodium malariae abolish infectivity of sporozoites of the simian parasite plasmodium brasilianum. | we have used a sporozoite neutralization assay to define the biological relevance of the cross-reactivity of two monoclonal antibodies, raised against sporozoites of the human parasite plasmodium malariae (uganda 1/cdc), with sporozoites of the simian parasite plasmodium brasilianum (colombian). in vitro incubation of each of these two monoclonal antibodies with sporozoites of p. brasilianum totally abolished the infectivity of these parasites for saimiri sciureus. using western blot analysis an ... | 1985 | 3899939 |
| plasmodium brasilianum in the common marmoset callithrix jacchus. | chronic quartan malarial infection has been established in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). plasmodium brasilianum from a douroucouli monkey (aotus trivirgatus) was used to infect splenectomized twin animals, passed to an intact animal, and then to 4 other intact adults, 2 pairs of twins. in 2 of the 4 latter animals there was continuing patency with parasitaemias of less than or equal to 0.5% parasitized erythrocytes for 30 weeks. the other 2 had lower initial levels of parasitaemia; i ... | 1985 | 3925423 |
| studies on a newly isolated strain of plasmodium brasilianum in aotus and saimiri monkeys and different anophelines. | a strain of plasmodium brasilianum was isolated from an aotus vociferans monkey from peru. the parasite readily infected aotus monkeys from bolivia and columbia and saimiri sciureus monkeys from peru and bolivia. highest level mosquito infections were obtained by feeding on the saimiri monkeys. the most susceptible mosquito was anopheles freeborni, followed by anopheles dirus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles gambiae, anopheles culicifacies, anopheles maculatus and anopheles albimanus. anopheles q ... | 1985 | 4093810 |
| [new simian hosts of plasmodium brasilianum in the state of acre, brazil: the ouacari cacajo rubicundus rubicundus, the howling monkey allouatta seniculus seniculus and the wooly-monkey lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii]. | | 1973 | 4200149 |
| studies of the exoerythrocytic stages of simian malaria. iv. plasmodium brasilianum. | | 1969 | 4902908 |
| [a new natural host of plasmodium simium and plasmodium brasilianum: the woolly spider monkey]. | | 1968 | 4974015 |
| natural infection of red howler-monkeys, alouatta seniculus straminea, with plasmodium brasilianum, in the state of amazonas, brazil. | | 1967 | 4979810 |
| [presence of plasmodium brasilianum in monkeys from the federal territory of amapa, brazil]. | | 1969 | 4980990 |
| anopheles (kerteszia) cruzi, a natural vector of the monkey malaria parasites, plasmodium simium and plasmodium brasilianum. | | 1970 | 4991945 |
| a aturally acquired ifection of plasmodium brasilianum in the marmset, saguinus geoffroyi. | | 1971 | 4994292 |
| [natural infection of a monkey, alaouatta seniculus straminea, by plasmodium brasilianum in venezuela]. | | 1967 | 5628989 |
| plasmodium brasilianum in colombian monkeys. | | 1968 | 5683360 |
| infectivity of plasmodium brasilianum for six species of anopheles. | | 1969 | 5815354 |
| monoclonal antibody identifies circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium malariae and detects a common epitope on plasmodium brasilianum sporozoites. | we produced a hybridoma secreting an immunoglobulin g1 monoclonal antibody against the circumsporozoite protein of the human malaria parasite plasmodium malariae (uganda 1/cdc). the monoclonal antibody produces a circumsporozoite precipitation reaction when incubated with viable sporozoites of p. malariae and reacts at high titers with heat-fixed sporozoites in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. using the purified monoclonal antibody and western blot analysis, we identified two polypep ... | 1984 | 6381308 |
| experimental infection of anopheles gambiae s.s., anopheles freeborni and anopheles stephensi with plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum. | susceptibility to infection of 2 strains of anopheles gambiae s.s., an. freeborni and an. stephensi, was determined for 2 closely related malaria parasites, plasmodium malariae and p. brasilianum. neither strain of an. gambiae supported development of oocyst densities as great as the other 2 anopheline mosquitoes. the zan strain of an. gambiae s.s. from zanzibar was more susceptible to infection with the strain of p. malariae from uganda than the g-3 strain of an. gambiae s.s. from the gambia. a ... | 1993 | 8468576 |
| simian malaria at two sites in the brazilian amazon. i--the infection rates of plasmodium brasilianum in non-human primates. | the parasite that causes simian malaria in the brazilian amazon, plasmodium brasilianum, is infective to man. in this region, where humans live within and in close proximity to the forest, it was suspected that this parasite could be the cause of a zoonosis. a study was performed in the areas surrounding two hydroelectric plants in the amazon, balbina and samuel, aiming at determining the zoonotic potential of this parasite. p. brasilianum was detected in, respectively, 15.8% and 9.9% of 126 and ... | 1995 | 8544737 |
| parasitized erythrocyte membrane antigens of plasmodium brasilianum: relationships with the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen of plasmodium falciparum. | an antigen, designated here as the parasitized erythrocyte membrane antigen (pema), is present in the erythrocyte membrane surrounding all intraerythrocytic stages of plasmodium brasilianum. an antibody specific for pema appeared in 21 (50%) of 42 antisera from saimiri sciureus monkeys naturally infected with p. brasilianum. of these 42 sera, nine (21.4%) contained antibody to the ring-infected erythrocyte membrane antigen (resa); of these nine sera, six did not react with pema. sera of humans i ... | 1995 | 8561264 |
| simian malaria at two sites in the brazilian amazon--ii. vertical distribution and frequency of anopheline species inside and outside the forest. | an anopheline survey was carried out in two simian malaria areas in the brazilian amazon, balbina and samuel, to determine the potential vectors of plasmodium brasilianum. the most abundant and/or acrodendrophilic anophelines in the forest and the most likely vector were anopheles mediopunctatus, an. nuneztovari, an. oswaldoi, an. triannulatus and an. shannoni. an. darlingi and an. marajoara were captured essentially in anthropic habitats outside the forest and are unlikely to be involved in the ... | 1996 | 9283645 |
| plasmodium inui is not closely related to other quartan plasmodium species. | plasmodium inui (halberstaedter and von prowazek, 1907), a malarial parasite of old world monkeys that occurs in isolated pockets throughout the celebes, indonesia, malaysia, and the philippines, has traditionally been considered to be related more closely to plasmodium malariae of humans (and its primate counterpart plasmodium brasilianum), than to other primate plasmodium species. this inference was made in part because of the similarities in the periodicities or duration of the asexual cycle ... | 1998 | 9576499 |
| monkeys of the rainforest in french guiana are natural reservoirs for p. brasilianum/p. malariae malaria. | monkey blood samples were collected from 214 monkeys relocated as part of the wildlife rescue organized in french guiana during the filling of the petit saut dam on the sinnamary river. these samples were tested for malaria parasites by microscopy of thick blood filsm and by nested pcr for small subunit rrna genes (ssurrna). parasitic blood forms similar to plasmodium brasilianum were detected in 4 monkey species: alouatta seniculus macconnelli, saguinus midas midas, pithecia pithecia and ateles ... | 2000 | 10726261 |
| a survey of hemoparasite infections in free-ranging mammals and reptiles in french guiana. | blood smears of 1,353 free-ranging mammals (35 species) and 112 reptiles (31 species) from french guiana were examined for hemoparasites. parasites from 3 major groups were recorded: apicomplexa (including hemogregarines, piroplasms, and plasmodium spp.), trypanosomatidae, and filaroidea. fifty percent of the individuals (86% of the species) were infected by parasites from at least 1 group. hemogregarines, identified as hepatozoon sp., infected numerous snakes with high prevalences (30-100%); in ... | 2000 | 11128476 |
| health evaluation of translocated free-ranging primates in french guiana. | among over 40 mammal species threatened by the filling of a hydroelectric dam reservoir in french guiana, three species of primates have been translocated, comprising 124 red howler monkeys, six white-faced sakis, and 95 golden-handed tamarins. health status of the animals was evaluated by direct physical examination and by hematological, biochemical, virological, and parasitological surveys of collected blood. the physical condition of the howlers was slightly worse toward the end of the captur ... | 2001 | 11329164 |
| unusual plasmodium malariae-like parasites in southeast asia. | during malaria surveys in myanmar, 2 peculiar forms of plasmodium malariae-like parasites were found. the morphologies of their early trophozoite stages were distinct from that of the typical p. malariae, resembling instead that of plasmodium vivax, var. minuta, reported by emin, and plasmodium tenue, reported by stephens, both in 1914. two polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based diagnoses, which target the same regions in the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssurrna) genes, indicated that these paras ... | 2002 | 12054010 |
| identification and typing of cameroonian isolates of p. malariae using monoclonal antibodies against p. brasilianum. | in the present study, monoclonal antibodies raised against plasmodium brasilianum were used to demonstrate, for the first time, antigenic diversity in natural populations of plasmodium malariae isolates and as diagnostic tool to detect low parasitaemia p. malariae infection. seventeen mcabs reacting by indirect immunoflorescence antibody (ifa) assay with no other plasmodium species than p. brasilianum, were shown to react with p. malariae and were used for typing 29 p. malariae isolates from hyp ... | 2006 | 16962978 |
| malaria epidemiology in low-endemicity areas of the atlantic forest in the vale do ribeira, são paulo, brazil. | we describe a seroepidemiological survey of malaria prevalence in two areas of low endemicity: intervales state park and alto ribeira state tourist park (petar). both are located in the vale do ribeira in the state of são paulo, brazil. in this study, 318 subjects from both areas had their blood analyzed for the presence of malaria parasites by thin and thick blood smears. one hundred and sixty-three (51.2%) of the subjects were from intervales state park and 155 (48.7%) were from petar. we anal ... | 2006 | 17126279 |
| epidemiologic aspects of the malaria transmission cycle in an area of very low incidence in brazil. | extra-amazonian autochthonous plasmodium vivax infections have been reported in mountainous regions surrounded by the atlantic forest in espírito santo state, brazil. | 2007 | 17371598 |
| genetic analysis of the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene from geographically diverse isolates of plasmodium malariae. | plasmodium malariae, the parasite responsible for quartan malaria, is transmitted in most areas of malaria endemicity and is associated with significant morbidity. the sequence of the gene coding for the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (dhfr-ts) was obtained from field isolates of p. malariae and from the closely related simian parasite plasmodium brasilianum. the two sequences were nearly 100% homologous, adding weight to the notion that they represent genetically distinct l ... | 2007 | 17682097 |
| plasmodium malariae: parasite and disease. | a review of the life history of plasmodium malariae, the quartan malaria parasite of humans, is presented. much of the information is based on data obtained from induced infections in humans who were given malaria therapy for the treatment of neurosyphilis between 1940 and 1963. prepatent periods (i.e., the time until the first day of parasite detection) fever episodes, and maximum parasitemias as a result of infection with p. malariae were obtained and are presented. experimental and known vect ... | 2007 | 17934075 |
| observations on the uganda i strain of plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum in aotus and saimiri monkeys and anopheles mosquitoes. | splenectomized aotus lemurinus griseimembra, a. azarae boliviensis, a. nancymaae, a. vociferans, and saimiri boliviensis monkeys were infected with the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae. the maximum parasite counts were lower if the animals had been previously infected with plasmodium vivax. mosquito infection was concentrated in the 12 days following the rise in count above 1,000/microl. mosquito infection and parasite counts were highest with a. l. griseimembra. anopheles freeborni wa ... | 2010 | 19891516 |
| zoonotic malaria - global overview and research and policy needs. | the four main plasmodium species that cause human malaria, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale, are transmitted between humans by mosquito vectors belonging to the genus anopheles. it has recently become evident that plasmodium knowlesi, a parasite that typically infects forest macaque monkeys, can be transmitted by anophelines to cause malaria in humans in southeast asia. plasmodium knowlesi infections are frequently misdiagnosed microscopically as ... | 2014 | 25184118 |
| first case of a naturally acquired human infection with plasmodium cynomolgi. | since 1960, a total of seven species of monkey malaria have been reported as transmissible to man by mosquito bite: plasmodium cynomolgi, plasmodium brasilianum, plasmodium eylesi, plasmodium knowlesi, plasmodium inui, plasmodium schwetzi and plasmodium simium. with the exception of p. knowlesi, none of the other species has been found to infect humans in nature. in this report, it is described the first known case of a naturally acquired p. cynomolgi malaria in humans.the patient was a 39-year- ... | 2014 | 24564912 |
| natural plasmodium infection in monkeys in the state of rondônia (brazilian western amazon). | simian malaria is still an open question concerning the species of plasmodium parasites and species of new world monkeys susceptible to the parasites. in addition, the lingering question as to whether these animals are reservoirs for human malaria might become important especially in a scenario of eradication of the disease. to aid in the answers to these questions, monkeys were surveyed for malaria parasite natural infection in the amazonian state of rondônia, brazil, a state with intense envir ... | 2013 | 23731624 |
| new potential plasmodium brasilianum hosts: tamarin and marmoset monkeys (family callitrichidae). | non-human primates (nhps) as a source for plasmodium infections in humans are a challenge for malaria elimination. in brazil, two species of plasmodium have been described infecting nhps, plasmodium brasilianum and plasmodium simium. both species are infective to man. plasmodium brasilianum resembles morphologically, genetically and immunologically the human quartan plasmodium malariae. plasmodium brasilianum naturally infects species of non-human primates from all new world monkey families from ... | 2017 | 28187764 |
| first full draft genome sequence of plasmodium brasilianum. | plasmodium malariae is a protozoan parasite that can cause human malaria. the simian parasite plasmodium brasilianum infects new world monkeys from latin america and is morphologically indistinguishable from p. malariae here, we report the first full draft genome sequence for p. brasilianum. | 2017 | 28183758 |
| molecular detection of plasmodium malariae/plasmodium brasilianum in non-human primates in captivity in costa rica. | one hundred and fifty-two blood samples of non-human primates of thirteen rescue centers in costa rica were analyzed to determine the presence of species of plasmodium using thick blood smears, semi-nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (snm-pcr) for species differentiation, cloning and sequencing for confirmation. using thick blood smears, two samples were determined to contain the plasmodium malariae parasite, with snm-pcr, a total of five (3.3%) samples were positive to p. malariae, clon ... | 2017 | 28125696 |
| merozoite surface protein-1 genetic diversity in plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum from brazil. | the merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) gene encodes the major surface antigen of invasive forms of the plasmodium erythrocytic stages and is considered a candidate vaccine antigen against malaria. due to its polymorphisms, msp1 is also useful for strain discrimination and consists of a good genetic marker. sequence diversity in msp1 has been analyzed in field isolates of three human parasites: p. falciparum, p. vivax, and p. ovale. however, the extent of variation in another human parasite, p. m ... | 2015 | 26572971 |
| natural infection of plasmodium brasilianum in humans: man and monkey share quartan malaria parasites in the venezuelan amazon. | the quartan malaria parasite plasmodium malariae is the widest spread and best adapted human malaria parasite. the simian plasmodium brasilianum causes quartan fever in new world monkeys and resembles p. malariae morphologically. since the genetics of the two parasites are nearly identical, differing only in a range of mutations expected within a species, it has long been speculated that the two are the same. however, no naturally acquired infection with parasites termed as p. brasilianum has be ... | 2015 | 26501116 |
| simian malaria in the brazilian atlantic forest: first description of natural infection of capuchin monkeys (cebinae subfamily) by plasmodium simium. | in brazil, two species of plasmodium have been described infecting non-human primates, plasmodium brasilianum and plasmodium simium. these species are morphologically, genetically and immunologically indistinguishable from the human plasmodium malariae and plasmodium vivax parasites, respectively. plasmodium simium has been observed naturally infecting monkeys of the genera alouatta and brachyteles in a restricted area of the atlantic forest in the south and southeast regions of brazil. however, ... | 2015 | 25889933 |
| the genetic diversity of plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum from human, simian and mosquito hosts in brazil. | plasmodium malariae is a protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans and is genetically indistinguishable from plasmodium brasilianum, a parasite infecting new world monkeys in central and south america. p. malariae has a wide and patchy global distribution in tropical and subtropical regions, being found in south america, asia, and africa. however, little is known regarding the genetics of these parasites and the similarity between them could be because until now there are only a very few ... | 2012 | 22705349 |