| hemolymph of anopheles stephensi from noninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes. 1. collection procedure and physical characteristics. | hemolymph was collected from adult female anopheles stephensi by centrifugation of incised mosquitoes. approximately 0.1 muliter was collected from each recently emerged mosquito, although smaller amounts were recovered with increasing age of the mosquito. determinations were made of the ph, osmotic pressure, and specific gravity of this hemolymph at various times during the life of the adult mosquito. the values obtained were within the ranges found for other insects. hemolymph collected from m ... | 1978 | 31425 |
| dependence of plasmodial glutathione metabolism on the host cell. | | 1979 | 34799 |
| rapid, large-scale isolation of plasmodium berghei sporozoites from infected mosquitoes. | the discontinuous gradient technique for recovery of malarial sporozoites from mosquitoes (beaudoin et al., 1977) has been modified to speed up recovery and prevent sensitization of mice by components of the gradient which contaminate the sporozoites used as antigen. mouse serum was substituted for bsa in the gradient because the latter produced hypersensitivity. best results were obtained with gradients consisting of medium 199, renografin and mouse serum. heavy and light solution of gradient c ... | 1979 | 39127 |
| refeeding-malaria and hyperferraemia. | during the central african (sahelian) drought, attacks of falciparum malaria were common in patients and their relatives shortly after their arrival in a hospital in eastern niger. a prospective study of 72 adult patients not admitted for malaria and 109 accompanying relatives was undertaken to investigate this observation. 23 attacks occurred in patients and 51 in relatives, with a peak frequency five days after arrival. on arrival, parasitaemia was low but reached a maximum by five days. s ... | 1975 | 47080 |
| immunosuppression in murine malaria. i. response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | acute plasmodium yoelii yoelii and chronic plasmodium berghei malaria infections of cba mice were accompanied by a reduced capacity to give an antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (siii). the depression of response initiated by acute malaria persisted for several weeks after recovery from clinical infection. during chronic infection, and at the peak of acute parasitaemia, virtually no response to siii was detected. a substance which crossreacted serologically with siii was f ... | 1977 | 67996 |
| plasmodium-infected blood cells analyzed and sorted by flow fluorimetry with the deoxyribonucleic acid binding dye 33258 hoechst. | red cells from plasmodium berghei infected mouse blood can be sorted on the basis of their dna content with the bisbenzimidazole dye 33258 hoechst. the optimal conditions for dye uptake have been established and with these conditions uninfected cells are nonfluorescent and can be completely separated from infected cells which exhibit fluorescence in almost direct proportion to the number of parasite nuclei (i.e. dna) they contain. the number of fluorescent cells detected and their fluorescence i ... | 1979 | 87413 |
| rapid detection of malaria and other bloodstream parasites by fluorescence microscopy with 4'6 diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi). | dapi is a fluorescent dye which appears to complex specifically with dna. we have used this probe to detect and identify malarial infections by fluorescence microscopy. experiments were conducted using plasmodium berghei yoeli--infected mouse blood, p. lophurae--infected duck blood, and p. vivax--infected human blood. infected avian blood was used to detect parasites within nucleated erythrocytes. control blood smears from uninfected hosts revealed fluorescence only in the leukocytes of mammalia ... | 1979 | 90141 |
| recent advances in applied malaria immunology. | our present knowledge of cellular and humoral factors which are involved in immunity to plasmodial infections are discussed. immunization against plasmodial infection has been achieved in birds, rodents, simians, and humans. avian hosts have been immunized against gametocytes which resulted in inhibition of gametocytes within the mosquito vector. immunization of humans against plasmodial gametocytes would indirectly protect them against malaria by blocking mosquito transmission to other suscepti ... | 1979 | 93828 |
| ia antigens in serum during different murine infections. | there exists in the mouse a family of i-region-controlled (ia) antigens which carry carbohydrate-defined determinants. these antigens appear in serum as glycolipids and seem to be actively secreted by antigen-activated t-cells. this paper describes the ability of selected viral, bacterial, and protozoal infections of mice to markedly alter the serum levels of these ia antigens. all the infectious agents examined induced substantial augmentation or suppression of serum ia concentrations or both. ... | 1979 | 94905 |
| stage-specific antigens on the surface membrane of sporozoites of malaria parasites. | | 1978 | 96355 |
| [changes in plasmodium berghei berghei in mice maintained at high temperatures]. | the study of the evolution of plasmodium berghei berghei is made in mice kept in a high temperature (35 degrees c) throughout the experiment. some of these mouse parasites (less than 30%) show a gigantic atypical morphology. in the parasite growing in animals kept at 35 degrees c, the amount of dna is higher than dna rate of the parasites growing in control mice (20-22 degrees c). there is no evidence of any relation between the increase of dna amount and the morphological modification of these ... | 1978 | 96992 |
| folate antagonists. 12. antimalarial and antibacterial effects of 2,4-diamino-6-[(aralkyl and alicyclid)thio-, sulfinyl-, and sulfonyl]quinazolines. | a series of 2,4-diamino-6-[(aralkyl and alicyclic)thio-, sulfinyl-, and sulfonyl]quinazolines was prepared via condensation of 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile or 5,6-dichloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile with the appropriate aralkyl or alicyclic thiopseudourea, reduction of the resulting 2-nitro-5-[(aralkyl or alicyclic)thio]benzonitrile with stannous chloride to the amine, and cyclization with chloroformamidine hydrochloride. oxidation was effected with hydrogen peroxide or the bromine complex of 1,4-diaza ... | 1978 | 97382 |
| plasmodium berghei. iii. the partial separation of a putative species-specific antigen from a soluble extract. | | 1978 | 98474 |
| immunopathology of malaria. | | 1978 | 98476 |
| summing up of the symposium: immunology and immunopathology of malaria. | | 1978 | 98477 |
| studies on the transfer of protective immunity with lymphoid cells from mice immune to malaria sporozoites. | in an effort to understand the mechanisms involved in the protective immunity to malarial sporozoites, an a/j mouse/plasmodium berghei model was studied. protective immunity could consistently be adoptively transferred only by using sublethal irradiation of recipients (500 r); a spleen equivalent (100 x 10(6))of donor cells from immune syngeneic mice; and a small booster immunization (1 x 10(4)) of recipients with irradiation-attenuated sporozoites. recipient animals treated in this manner were ... | 1978 | 99475 |
| antimalarial activities of various 4-pyridinemethanols with special attention to wr-172,435 and wr-180,409. | pilot appraisals of the activities of 10 specially selected 2,6-substituted-4-pyridinemethanols against acute plasmodium falciparum infections in owl monkeys identified three derivatives that were two to three times as active as chloroquine against infections with a 4-aminoquinoline-susceptible strain and, at the same doses, were equally effective against infections with a strain fully resistant to treatment with maximally tolerated doses of chloroquine, quinine, and pyrimethamine. two of these ... | 1978 | 101132 |
| folate antagonists. 13. 2,4-diamino-6-](alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)thio]quinazoline and related 2,4-diamino-6-[(phenyl- and naphthyl)thio]quinazolines, a unique class of antimetabolites with extraordinary antimalarial and antibacterial effects. | an array of nonclassical thioquinazoline analogues (viii) of methotrexate was prepared by cyclization of the requisite 2-amino-5-(arylthio)benzonitrile with chloroformamidine hydrochloride (28--79%). the aminonitrile precursors were obtained by sncl2-hcl reduction (28--99%) of the corresponding 2-nitro-5-(arylthio)benzonitriles, which were synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitriles with various arylthiols (36--83%). many of the thioquinazolines (viii) showed ... | 1978 | 102792 |
| synthesis of 2-substituted primaquine analogues as potential antimalarials. | a series of 2-substituted primaquine analogues has been synthesized and evaluated against plasmodium berghei in the mouse and leishmania donovani in the hamster. three members (3a,d,e) of the series were evaluated against plasmodium cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey. one analogue (3d) was evaluated against trypanosoma rhodesiense in the mouse, and two (3b,e) were evaluated against schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. several analogues possessed significant activity against p. berghei (3e,f) and l. don ... | 1978 | 102798 |
| environmental chemical-induced immune dysfunction. | antibody formation, endotoxin sensitivity, and resistance to a challenge malarial infection were evaluated in mice fed a diet containing polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) (aroclor 1242) or hexachlorobenzene (hcb). antibody synthesis to the antigen sheep rbc (srbc) was significantly depressed in the pcb- and hcb-treated (167 ppm) animals as evidenced by the fact that control mice elicited an approximate twofold increase in antibody formation over the chemical-treated mice. serum iga concentrations i ... | 1978 | 103706 |
| synthesis of some 4-substituted 8-amino-6-methoxyquinolines as potential antimalarials. | the 4-vinyl, 4-ethyl, and three 4-[beta-(arylthio)ethyl] derivatives of primaquine and other 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial agents were prepared for antimalarial evaluation. 8-[(4'-amino-1'-methylbutyl)amino]-4-ethyl-6-methoxyquinoline (4-ethylprimaquine), which showed activity approximately equal to that of primaquine against plasmodia cynomolgi in rhesus monkey, was the most active of the compounds tested. 4-ethylprimaquine was also less toxic than primaquine, as measured in the rane mouse scre ... | 1979 | 110932 |
| studies on the 2,4-diamino-6 substituted quinazolines. i. antimalarial activities of 2,4-diamino-6-[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-nitrosoamino]-quinazoline (ci-679) as exhibited in rhesus monkeys infected with the ro or ro/pm strains of plasmodium cynomolgi. | this report summarizes the results of appraisals of various activities of ci-679 (a 2,4-diamino-6-amino-substituted quinazoline) in rhesus monkeys infected with the ro and ro/pm strains of plasmodium cynomolgi. in subjects inoculated with sporozoites, ci-679, administered in appropriate schedules in doses up to and including the maximum tolerated level, neither prevented development of infections with these strains nor cured those already established. although these evaluations showed that ci-67 ... | 1979 | 114064 |
| antimalarials. 11. synthesis of 3- and 5-aminoquinolines as potential antimalarials. | a series of 3-quinolinediamines (1g, 2c, and 3e) structurally related to primaquine and 4-methylprimaquine have been prepared and tested for antimalarial activity against plasmodium berghei in mice and antileishmanial activity against leishmania donovani in the hamster. all were inactive. in addition, three 5-quinolinediamines (4b, 5, and 6) were prepared. all were inactive against leishmania donovani in hamsters. one of the examples, 6, was curative against plasmodium cynmolgi in the rhesus mon ... | 1979 | 114654 |
| the development of a "high volume tissue schizonticidal drug screen" based upon mortality of mice inoculated with sporozoites of plasmodium berghei. | a biological test system has been developed to assess the prophylactic activity of compounds against sporozoite-induced plasmodium berghei malaria in mice. the procedure was designed to serve as the foundation of an effort to develop tissue schizonticidal drugs in a manner parallel to that of a previous system employed in the u.s. arym antimalarial drug development program to screen compounds for blood schizonticidal activity. in tests with 35 known antimalarial compounds, the new screen was fou ... | 1979 | 116556 |
| folate antagonists. 15. 2,3-diamino-6-(2-naphthylsulfonyl)quinazoline and related 2,4-diamino-6-[(phenyl and naphthyl)sulfinyl and sulfonyl]quinazolines, a potent new class of antimetabolites with phenomenal antimalarial activity. | oxidation of an array of 2,4-diamino-6-(arylthio)quinazolines provided the corresponding arylsulfinyl and arylsulfonyl analogues. a variety of these nonclassical analogues of methotrexate exhibited suppressive antimalarial activity superior to that of the parent thioquinazolines against drug-sensitive lines of plasmodium berghei in mice and p. gallinaceum in chicks, and several displayed potent prophylactic activity against p. gallinaceum. the sulfinyl- and sulfonylquinazolines also retained ant ... | 1979 | 117107 |
| synthesis of 4-alkyl and 4-(beta-alkylvinyl) derivatives of primaquine as potential antimalarials. | 4(beta-alkylvinyl)-6-methoxy-8-nitroquinolines (6) were prepared from 6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline-4-carboxaldehyde (5) via a wittig reaction. stannous chloride reduction of 6 gave 4-(beta-alkylvinyl)-8-amino-6-methoxyquinolines (8), whereas catalytic reduction of 6 using raney nickel catalyst gave 4-alkyl-8-amino-6-methoxyquinolines (7). alkylation of 7 and 8 with 4-iodo-1-phthalimidopentane, followed by removal of the phthaloyl-protecting group with hydrazine, gave 4-alkyl and 4-(beta-alkylvinyl ... | 1979 | 118257 |
| experimental nephritis associated with plasmodium infection in mice. | | 1979 | 119090 |
| antimalarial activity of floxacrine (hoe 991) i. studies on blood schizontocidal action of floxacrine against plasmodium berghei, p. vinckei and p. cynomolgi. | floxacrine (hoe 991), 7-chloro-10-hydroxy-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)3,4-dihydroacridine-1,9-(2h, 10h) dion, shows a high level of antimalarial action against blood-induced infection of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant lines of plasmodium berghei in mice, rats and syrian hamsters. the drug is also a potent blood schizontocide against drug-sensitive p. vinckei strains in rodents and p. cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys. the cd50/cd90 values against the drug-sensitive p. berghei strain ascertained in t ... | 1979 | 120142 |
| duration of immunity following a single vaccination with irradiated sporozoites of plasmodium berghei. | a rodent model of sporozoite immunization against malaria based on a single immunizing dose is described. the duration of protective immunity was measured as a function of dose, and the results suggest that the percentage of protection follows a bimodal distribution. the first peak occurs between days 7-12 after immunization, while the second peak occurs at approximately 28 days. although the percentage of protection declines steadily after the second peak, some immunity was detectable as long a ... | 1979 | 120765 |
| particulate beta 1-3 glucan and casual prophylaxis of mouse malaria (plasmodium berghei). | | 1979 | 121199 |
| chemotherapeutic studies with mefloquine and selection of a mefloquine resistant strain of plasmodium berghei. | | 1979 | 121298 |
| antifolate studies. activities of 40 potential antimalarial compounds against sensitive and chlorguanide triazine resistant strains of folate-requiring bacteria and escherichia coli. | as part of the search for new antimalarial drugs, a screening program was developed using sensitive and chlorguanide triazine (cgt, cycloguanil) resistant strains of the folate-requiring bacteria, streptococcus faecium durans, lactobacillus casei, and pediococcus cerevisiae. the activities of 40 compounds have been studied against these strains and escherichia coli. observations have been made on the points of 50% growth inhibition, the fold increase of resistance shown to each compound by the r ... | 1977 | 137981 |
| malaria infection in mice. plasmodium berghei infection in mice: a model for immune complex disease and autoimmunity. | | 1979 | 157057 |
| from sharks to coenzyme q10. | | 1976 | 187031 |
| plasmodium berghei: high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of nucleotides from erythrocyte-free malarial parasites. | | 1977 | 195832 |
| immunity to plasmodium berghei yoelii in mice. i. the course of infection in t cell and b cell deficient mice. | the course of infection with 17x nonlethal plasmodium berghei yoelii was examined in balb/c mice which were deficient in either t cells or b cells. markedly increased parasitemia and mortality were observed in athymic (nude) mice which had been backcrossed on a balb/c background (t cell deficient) compared to similar mice which had been grafted with neonatal balb/c thymus, and were also observed in balb/c mice suppressed from birth with goat antiserum to mouse mu-chain (b cell deficient) compare ... | 1976 | 136472 |
| development and suppression of a population of late-adhering macrophages in mouse malaria. | changes in phagocytic and adherent cell numbers were compared during the course of infections of mice with plasmodium yoelii (py) and p. berghei (pb) and in vaccinated mice challenged with homologous parasites. nucleated cells in the spleen increased in number in py-infected mice and were maximal at the time of recovery. the number of phagocytic cells increased in parallel, as did the number of blood leucocytes. rates of increase were accelerated in vaccinated mice. changes in pb-infected mice r ... | 1979 | 233150 |
| low-temperature preservation of sporozoites of plasmodium berghei. | large numbers of biologically active sporozoites are needed as a source of potential antigen in the development of a malaria vaccine and the most practical method of accumulating sufficient numbers of these forms would be to freeze and store them at low temperature. the purpose of this work was to determine the feasibility of preserving the infectivity of frozen and thawed sporozoites. the results indicate that sporozoites of plasmodium berghei exhibit a typical response to freezing over a wide ... | 1979 | 120776 |
| the use of membrane screen filters in the isolation of plasmodium berghei sporozoites from mosquitos. | an improved procedure is presented for the isolation of plasmodium berghei sporozoites from host mosquitos. the method employs filtration through a series of nuclepore membranes followed by two consecutive centrifugations of the filtrate layered over renografin-60 solutions of different densities. a coulter counter was used to compare isolations prepared by this technique with those prepared by a routinely employed discontinuous gradient method. when the sporozoite concentration in each preparat ... | 1979 | 120775 |
| characterization of sporozoite surface antigens by indirect immunofluorescence: detection of stage- and species-specific antimalarial antibodies. | indirect immunofluorescence (if) was used to localize stage-specific antigen(s) on the surface of the sporozoite membrane. the authors examined the feasibility of using an if assay to determine whether an antisporozoite response is developed by individuals living in endemic areas. the specificity and sensitivity of the if assay were first defined by using hyperimmune sera of sporozoite-immunized hosts protected against rodent (p. berghei), simian (p. knowlesi), and human (p. falciparum, p. vivax ... | 1979 | 120770 |
| persistence and reactivation of rickettsia tsutsugamushi infections in laboratory mice. | the persistence of r. tsutsugamushi in tissues of experimentally infected mice for 565 days was demonstrated. reactivation of apparently dormant infections was accomplished by inoculating the mice with a heterologous strain of the organism or treatment with cyclophosphamide. | 1979 | 120458 |
| plasmodium berghei: suppression of antibody response to sporozoite stage by acute blood stage infection. | | 1979 | 118833 |
| conformational studies of a family of related antimalarial phenanthrene amino alcohols. | a conformational study utilizing quantum chemical methods was performed on a family of antimalarial alpha-(piperidyl)-3,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9-phenanthrenemethanols whose structures differ by the placement of the substituent on either the 2,3, or 4 position of the piperidyl ring. the antimalarial activity of these 3-substituted compounds has been shown experimentally to be highly stereospecific while the 2-substituted compounds are not and the 4-substituted compounds are inactive. in this stud ... | 1977 | 319232 |
| correlation between genetic regulation of antibody responsiveness and protective immunity induced by plasmodium berghei vaccination. | high (h) and low (l) antibody responder lines of mice were produced by two independent bidirectional selective breedings for quantitative antibody responsiveness to heterologous erythrocytes (selection i and selection ii). in both selections the antibody response to p. berghei antigens was 8- to 10-fold higher in h than in l lines. the character "high response" presents an incomplete dominance o- 18% in selection i and 67% in selection ii. in selection ii the variance analysis indicates that at ... | 1979 | 112057 |
| protection of mice against babesia spp. and plasmodium spp. with killed corynebacterium parvum. | mice which had been pre-treated with killed corynebacterium parvum given intravenously or intraperitoneally, but not subcutaneously, were completely resistant to infection with babesia microti or b. rodhaini, and were protected from death caused by plasmodium vinckei or p. chabaudi infection. there is evidence that the parasites died within circulating erythrocytes. this occurred much too soon for a specific antibody response to be evoked, and no antibody could be detected by the indirect fluore ... | 1977 | 320544 |
| rodent malaria: bcg-induced protection and immunosuppression. | one dose of 10(7) viable units of mycobacterium bovis, strain bcg, protected a significant number of swiss mice from a primary challenge with 10(4) thoracic sporozoites of plasmodium berghei. immunization with irradiated sporozoites induced greater protection than that observed in bcg-treated with bcg and surviving a primary sporozoite challenge were not protected from rechallenge, whereas mice immunized with irradiated sporozoites and surviving initial challenge of sporozoites were solidly immu ... | 1978 | 100553 |
| impaired host resistance to endotoxin and malaria in polychlorinated biphenyl- and hexachlorobenzene-treated mice. | the in vivo effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) and hexachlorobenzene (hcb) on murine endotoxin sensitivity and resistance to malaria (plasmodium berghei nyu-2) infection was studied. the dietary administration of 167 ppm (167 microgram/g) of pcb 1242 or hcb for 3 weeks resulted in an enhanced sensitivity to gram-negative endotoxin (salmonella typhosa), which was further increased in animals maintained on the diets for 6 weeks. by 6 weeks, a 5.2- or 32-fold increase in endotoxin sensitivity ... | 1978 | 97225 |
| [influence of a hot environmental temperature on the evolution of experimental paludism of the mouse with plasmodium berghei berghei]. | swiss mice infected with plasmodium berghei berghei and maintained in permanence in a hot environmental temperature undergo a chronic infection whereas controls maintained at the laboratory temperature develop always an acute and lethal infection. the hot environmental temperature does not seem to have any action on the pathogenicity of the parasites. host defences are stimulated. | 1978 | 96968 |
| plasmodium berghei - infected red cells sorted according to dna content. | a cell-sorting method is described for the analysis and separation of red blood cells in plasmodium berghei-infected mouse blood based on their dna content. this method involves a selective uptake of the bis-benzimidazole dye 33258 hoechst, a dna-binding dye, by red blood cells containing parasites. infected blood is incubated at 37 degrees c with the dye then washed at 4 degrees c to remove unbound dye. uninfected cells are then non-fluorescent at the characteristic wavelengths for 33258 hoechs ... | 1979 | 90356 |
| linkage of chloroquine resistance in plasmodium berghei to infection of immature erythrocytes of mice. | | 1977 | 321904 |
| immunity to plasmodium berghei yoelii in mice. ii. specific and nonspecific cellular and humoral responses during the course of infection. | the kinetics of various specific and nonspecific immunologic responses were examined in balb/c mice infected with 17x nonlethal plasmodium berghei yoelii (a self-limiting infection). the sequence of events after infection was characterized by rapid sensitization of splenic t cells to malaria antigen and polyclonal b cell activation, followed by a period of depressed splenic proliferative responses in vitro to mitogens (pha and lps) and malaria (specific) antigen. at the same time, suppressed pri ... | 1978 | 79610 |
| cyclophosphamide-induced specific suppression of the protective immune response to rodent malaria. | nonspecific and specific chemosuppression of the immune response to plasmodium berghei protective antigens were investigated. specific immunosuppression was defined operationally as the selective suppression of the protective response to the parasite in mice injected with a combination of gamma-irradiated infected mouse erythrocytes (gammapb) and cyclophosphamide (cy) with continued responsiveness to sheep erythrocytes (srbc). after initial treatment (gammapb + cy), mice were injected with gamma ... | 1977 | 65425 |
| plasmodium berghei: selective release of "protective" antigens. | | 1977 | 324787 |
| plasmodium berghei: immunosuppression and hyperimmunoglobulinemia. | | 1977 | 324788 |
| plasmodium berghei: t cell dependence of sporozoite-induced immunity in rodents. | | 1977 | 324789 |
| serum-soluble malarial antigens and immune complex nephritis in plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. | swiss albino mice infected with plasmodium berghei berghi showed the serum-soluble malarial antigen and antibody on day 10 of infection onward. immune complex nephritis in these mice developed on the seventh day after inoculation. the infected kidneys revealed the deposition of mouse gamma globulin, mouse beta1c globulin and malaria antigen along the capillary wall of the glomeruli. proteinuria was detected on seventh day of infection. serum-soluble malaria antigen in probably responsible for fo ... | 1976 | 59812 |
| sustained release of sulphadiazine. | an implantable system was developed which released sulphadiazine in mice over an extended period of time efficacious against infective challenges by plasmodium berghei. the most successful preparation was a copolymer of l(+)-lactic acid + (+/-)-lactic acid (90 and 10% by weight, respectively) with a molecular weight of 150 000, with which sulphadiazine was mixed at 33.3% of the total weight, in a formulation as beads of 1.5 mm diameter. this preparation released sulphadiazine at a nearly constan ... | 1978 | 31430 |
| experimental studies of the potentiation of proguanil and pyrimethamine by dapsone using plasmodium berghei in white mice. | an accurate system with stringent criteria has been established to test antimalarial drugs and drug combinations against plasmodium berghei in mice. minimum effective doses for a number of antimalarial drugs have been determined when used in this system. considerable potentiation of the activity of pyrimethamine and to a somewhat less extent of proguanil by dapsone has been demonstrated. the need to extend studies of these combinations to the parasites of human malaria is discussed in terms of e ... | 1977 | 326205 |
| development of effective antisporozoite immunity by natural bites of plasmodium-berghei-infected mosquitoes in rats under prophylactic treatment with various drug regimens. | | 1978 | 28303 |
| studies on plasmodium ookinetes: ii. in vitro formation of plasmodium berghei ookinetes. | | 1977 | 21234 |
| separation of parasitized erythrocytes from plasmodium berghei infected mouse blood. | | 1977 | 329491 |
| plasmodium berghei: sporozoite challenge, protection, and hypersensitivity in mice. | | 1976 | 9308 |
| crossreactivity with sporozoites, exoerythrocytic forms and blood schizonts of plasmodium berghei in indirect fluorescent antibody tests with sera of rats immunized with sporozoites or infected blood. | ifa studies are reported using plasmodial antigens from three different stages of the life cycle of plasmodium berghei: sporozoites (sp); exoerythrocytic schizonts in rat liver (eef); and parasitized rat erythrocytes (sch = schizonts). two series of specific sera were applied: sera from adult rats with a blood-induced infection (series a) and sera from rats immunized against sporozoites by mosquito bites and protected against parasitaemia by chloroquine (series b). in series a antibody titres wi ... | 1977 | 330066 |
| plasmodium berghei: suppressed response of antibody-forming cells in infected mice. | | 1977 | 330185 |
| plasmodium berghei: formation of secondary immune complexes in hyperimmune mice. | | 1977 | 330189 |
| plasmodium yoelii and plasmodium vinckei: the effects of nonspecific immunostimulation on murine malaria. | | 1977 | 330190 |
| plasmodium berghei: transmission by intraperitoneal inoculation of immature exoerythrocytic schizonts from rats into rats, mice, and hamsters. | | 1977 | 330191 |
| transmission of mammalian malaria using immature exoerythrocytic schizonts. | | 1977 | 330199 |
| prevention of recrudescent malaria in nude mice by thymic grafting or by treatment with hyperimmune serum. | nude mice died when infected with the normally avirulent malarial parasite plasmodium berghei yoelii. furthermore, malaria recrudesced in nu/nu mice after the termination of acute disease by treatment with clindamycin. recrudescence was not observed in nu/nu mice that had been grafted with thymic tissue or treated with hyperimmune serum. mice mad b cell deficient by treatment with anti-mu-chain serum also died when infected with p. berghei yoelii. the data suggest that a crucial role of the thym ... | 1977 | 330396 |
| host heme catabolism in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant malaria. | chloroquine resistance has arisen in both human and murine forms of malaria. cr plasmodium berghei in mice does not produce the malaria pigment which is characteristic of the cs form. determinations of carbon monoxide production (i.e., host heme catabolism) by individual mice revealed that those infected with cs p. berghei produce only one fourth as much carbon monoxide as do cr infected mice at all levels of infection. these observations confirm the idea that malaria pigment is composed of prec ... | 1977 | 333045 |
| plasmodium berghei: protection against sporozoites by normal mosquito tissue vaccination of mice. | | 1976 | 9307 |
| a review. innate resistance in malaria. | | 1976 | 7463 |
| amodiaquin accumulation by mouse erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei. | 14camodiaquin accumulation by washed erythrocyte preparations was characterized to permit comparisons with chloroquine accumulation. erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei cs (chloroquine-susceptible) accumulate amodiaquin by a saturable process that has an apparent dissociation constant for amodiaquin of 7.6 x 10(-8) m and is competitively inhibited by chloroquine, quinine and quinacrine, as is the process of chloroquine accumulation. within experimental error, the k1 of 8 x 10(-7) m est ... | 1975 | 488 |
| transfer of immunity to plasmodium berghei by spleen and lymph node immune rna. | | 1977 | 334380 |
| [antimalaria fluorescent antibodies evolution in young children living in a stable malaria area (author's transl)]. | the detection of malarial fluorescent antibodies have been performed in an abidjan dispensary on 30 newborn babies with their mothers, 30 children 3 months old and 120 children from 6 to 24 months. this survey took place during the small rainy season and it demonstrates that: --synthesis of specific antibodies is significantly starting after the 3rd month; --the rise, after six months, of the malarial antibodies is parallel to the plasmodic index checked during the same period in the same area; ... | 1979 | 231178 |
| malaria enhances cyclic amp production by immature erythrocytes in vitro. | | 1979 | 225632 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of 2,5-bis(4-guanylphenyl)thiophenes and -pyrroles. | | 1977 | 336890 |
| chloroquine susceptibility in malaria: dependence on exposure of parasites to the drug. | | 1977 | 337017 |
| sarcomas induced by injection of simian virus 40 into neonatal cfw mice. | sarcomas were induced in cfw mice by the iv inoculation of simian virus 40 (sv40) in neonatal animals. infection with murine malaria parasites, plasmodium berghei yoelli, decreased the latency and increased the incidence and invasiveness of the tumors. all mice given both sv40 and p. berghei yoelli had sarcomas of the liver and spleen at 9 months of age. at 11 months of age, 70% of the sv40-inoculated mice had sarcomas of the liver indistinguishable from those in the group given both pathogens. ... | 1979 | 225503 |
| enhanced cytotoxicity in mice of combinations of concanavalin a and selected antitumor drugs. | concanavalin a (con a) injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg per kg was not lethal for male balb/c mice. six hours after administration of 5 mg con a/kg, the proportioy 24 hr, the proportion of granulocytes had decreased to 56%. adiministration of 5 mg con a/kg 24 hr before 200 mg of 5[3,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-triazeno]-imidazole-4-carboxamide per kg, or 100 mg of 5-fluorouracil per kg resulted in a significant enhancement of lethality. simulatenous administration of 5 mg con a/gm and 10 m ... | 1975 | 168746 |
| malaria studies in vitro. iv: chloroquine resistance and the intracellular ph of erythrocytes parasitised with plasmodium berghei. | the erythrocytic stages of strains of plasmodia sensitive to chloroquine (cq) concentrate some three to six times more drug than cq-resistant strains. a simple, but so far untested hypothesis is that the intracellular ph of drug resistant strains is higher than that for sensitive strains. this would result in a reduced accumulation of any weakly basic drug molecule (e.g. cq) which is capable of passive diffusion through the cellular membran. the mean intracellular ph of erythrocytes parasitised ... | 1975 | 239645 |
| studies on parasitic crisis in malaria: i. signs of impending crisis in plasmodium berghei infections of the white rat. | white rats infected with plasmodiam berghei were observed throughout the course of infection for indicators of impending crisis (penultimate stage). two ratios, percentage young compact forms:percentage trophozoites and percentage reticulocytes:percentage parasitaemia, were reliable markers of the penultimate period and impending crisis. when the percentage young compact form:percentage trophozoite ratio exceeded 1.0 and was coincident with an increase of uninfected reticulocytes in the circulat ... | 1977 | 339858 |
| the course of a plasmodium berghei infection in six different mouse strains. | | 1977 | 341557 |
| the immunological response of cba mice to p. yoelii. ii. the passive transfer of immunity with serum and cells. | cba mice infected with the malaria parasite plasmodium berghei yoelii (p. yoelii) develop a self-resolving infection lasting 15-18 days; on recovery from a primary infection they are immune to further infection. cell and serum transfers from immune to non-immune mice were used to analyse the mechanism of resistance. whereas serum from mice which had recovered from a single infection was ineffective in transferring immunity, hyperimmune serum (from mice repeatedly challenged with p. yoelii) prote ... | 1978 | 342396 |
| cell-mediated immunity in mice vaccinated against malaria. | mice vaccinated with a formalin-fixed preparation of either plasmodium berghei or p. yoelli exhibited delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) to the homologous antigen. this manifested itself in increased delayed thickening of antigen-challenged pinnae of the vaccinated mice as compared to the non-vaccinated controls. dth was also evident in the vaccinated mice using the homing of radio-labelled bone marrow cells (bmc) to the delayed lesion as a criterion of reactivity. when p. yoelii vaccinated mic ... | 1978 | 310745 |
| column separation of plasmodium berghei sporozoites. | | 1978 | 342682 |
| the possible role of isoantigens in protective immunity to malaria. | the possibility that autoimmune responses to modified red cell antigens might be involved in protective immunity to malaria was investigated in plasmodium berghei infection of august rats. animals rendered anaemic by phenylhydrazine treatment at the time of immunization showed significantly greater protection than rats given antigen alone, or phenylhydrazine alone. adoptive transfer experiments indicated that this enhanced response could be transferred with spleen cells. | 1979 | 317438 |
| cell mediated and humoral immunity in experimental plasmodium berghei infection. | adoptive passive transfer of immunity to plasmodium berghei infection has been investigated in an inbred strain of swiss mice. the mice were made hyperimmune by repeated passage of 10(3) parasites and subsequent therapy with an antimalarial drug. immune sera and cells obtained from thymus, spleen and peritoneal exudate were transferred to normal animals which were subsequently challenged with standard doses of p. berghei. it was observed that: (a) immune serum in high doses (0.5 ml/mouse) enhanc ... | 1977 | 343309 |
| cellular aspects of immunoregulation in malaria. | malaria infection dramatically induces two nonspecific perturbations in immune responsiveness, polyclonal b cell activation and immunosuppression. polyclonal activation occurs early in infection and results in secretion of antibodies that lack antiplasmodial specificity. immunosuppression occurs later in infection and is characterized by blunted humoral and cellular immune responses to heterologous (nonplasmodial) as well as plasmodial antigens. previous studies have suggested that defects in ma ... | 1979 | 317442 |
| [morphologic changes in erythrocytes following the penetration and intra-erythrocyte development of plasmodium berghei in the mouse]. | | 1977 | 345925 |
| alterations in membrane proteins of mouse erythrocytes infected with different species and strains of malaria parasites. | 1. the membrane fraction, prepared by hypotonic lysis, of mouse red cells infected with plasmodium berghei, p. yoelii ym, p. yoelii 17 x, p. yoelii 33 x, p. vinckei or p. chabaudi shows significant alterations from normal in protein composition as observed by dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2. there is a reduction in intensity of various protein bands, notably bands i and ii (spectrin), of membranes prepared from infected red cells. 3. new bands are observed as a result of in ... | 1979 | 318403 |
| plasmodium berghei: polyribosome profiles in the spleens of infected mice. | | 1977 | 320032 |
| immunopathological studies of plasmodium berghei berghei-infected mice: effect of cyclophosphamide. | | 1978 | 347101 |
| fading of malaria immunity in mice. | fading of immunity in swiss and c3h/stz mice was progressive, and related to both, the interval elapsed since the last challenge infection and survival of parasites. in both mouse strains the proportion of mice that remained immune to challenge decreased with increasing fading periods. moreover, a shift from delayed mortality to a normal course of infection as seen in non-immune controls was observed in c3h/stz mice. early parameters of fading were increasing peak parasitaemias after challenge i ... | 1978 | 347653 |
| resolution of antimalarial agents via complex formation with alpha-(2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenylideneaminooxy) propionic acid. | the resolution of several antimalarial agents via pi-complex formation with alpha-(2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenylideneaminooxy) propionic acid (tapa) is reported. since this represents the first use of this agent for the resolution of amines, some details of the separations are presented. the method proved successful for resolving weakly alkaline amines that did not form stable salts with common resolving acids, highly insoluble amines that did not form soluble salts with usual resolving acids, ... | 1978 | 349156 |
| folate antagonists. 10. synthesis and antimalarial effects of 6-[[(aryl and aralkyl)amino]methyl]-2,4-pteridinediamines and -pteridinediamine 8-oxides. | various 6-[[(aryl and aralkyl)amino]methyl]-2,4-pteridinediamines and their 8-oxides have been synthesized for antimalarial evaluation. condensation of 3-amino-6-(bromomethyl)-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile 4-oxide (v) with the appropriately substituted amine afforded a series of 3-amino-6-[[(aryl and aralkyl)amino]methyl]-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile 4-oxides vi. deoxygenation gave the corresponding pyrazines vii. cyclization of vi and vii with guanidine then produced the desired 6-(aminomethyl)-2,4-pteridin ... | 1978 | 349157 |
| folate antagonists. 11. synthesis and antimalarial effects of 6-[(aryloxy- and arylthio-)methyl]-2,4-pteridinediamines and -pteridinediamine 8-oxides. | condensation of 3-amino-6-(bromomethyl)-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile 4-oxide with 4-chlorophenol gave 3-amino-6-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile 4-oxide (1), which was deoxygenated to obtain the de-n-oxide 4. cyclization of 4 and 1 produced 6-[(4-chlorophenoxy)methyl]-2,4-pteridinediamine and the 8-oxide, respectively. 6-[(arylthio)methyl]-2,4-pteridinediamines and their 8-oxides were produced analogously. controlled oxidation of the former gave the anticipated sulfoxide 12 and sulfone ... | 1978 | 349158 |
| non-antibody factor(s) in adult serum decreases the infectivity of plasmodium berghei. | | 1976 | 320729 |
| immunity to sporozoite-induced malaria infeciton in mice. i. the effect of immunization of t and b cell-deficient mice. | the cellular basis of immunity to sporozoites was investigated by examing the effect of immunization of t and b cell-deficient c57bl/6n x balb/c ann f1 (blcf1) mice compared to immunocompetent controls. immunization of t cell-deficient (atx-bm-ats) blcf1 mice with x-irradiated sporozoites did not result in the generation of protective immunity. the same immunization protocols protected all immunocompetent controls. in contrast, b cell-deficient (micron-suppressed) blcf1 mice were protected by im ... | 1977 | 321689 |
| plasmodium berghei: biological variation in immune serum-treated mice. | | 1978 | 350601 |