| interactions between sarcocystis gigantea lectin and toxin-containing fractions in human lymphocyte cultures. | sarcocystis gigantea extract (sge) was separated by affinity chromatography into one lectin-containing fraction (sgl) that was mitogenic to mononuclear cells (mnc) and another that lacked this lectin activity. the sgl-depleted sarcocystis extract (sgtf) contained the so-called sarcotoxin, inducing only a slight increase in mnc proliferation. furthermore, preincubation of mnc with sgtf for 60 min suppressed the mitogenic capacity of sgl by 60%-90%. the results presented indicate that sgtf interac ... | 1989 | 2516315 |
| isolation and characterization of a lectin from sarcocystis gigantea. | a hydrophobic, galactose-specific lectin was isolated by means of affinity chromatography from sarcocystis gigantea. adsorbents with different spacer lengths were tested. s. gigantea lectin differs from sheep muscle lectin in the spacer length needed for adsorption. sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of the s. gigantea lectin revealed a subunit size about 19 kda and the presence of disulfide cross-linked dimers. the lectin is present in high concentration in cystozoites, cyst fluid and c ... | 1985 | 3932850 |
| the outdoor survival of sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts. | sporocysts of sarcocystis gigantea in cat faeces were placed in vented polystyrene tubes and superficially buried in both open and shaded sites. their survival, as measured by their ability to excyst in vitro, was then monitored during the course of two separate experiments extending over 12-month periods. the results showed that the viability of these sporocysts declined most rapidly over the summer months and suggested that they were unlikely to remain infective for more than 1 year. | 1994 | 7886918 |
| the distribution pattern of sarcocystis species, their transmission and pathogenesis in sheep in fars province of iran. | of 1362 sheep examined during two years in fars province of iran, 786 (57.7%) were positive for sarcocystis spp. the prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in animals owned by nomadie assyrians (67.95%) than in those owned by local people (41.86%). more of the animals above 2 years age were infected (69.98%) than young ones (30.02%). females had a higher prevalence of infection (61.07%) than males (38.93%) but most of the males were younger. there was no variation in the infection rate d ... | 1996 | 8739523 |
| the in vitro excystation of sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts. | studies on the in vitro excystation of sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts revealed that pretreatment before exposure to trypsin and bile was an essential prerequisite. however, in contrast to sarcocystis tenella and sarcocystis capracanis, incubation in cysteine hydrochloride under co2 was largely unsuccessful for excysting sarcocystis gigantea: of the pretreatments tested, only exposure to sodium hypochlorite proved effective. excystation from sodium hypochlorite-pretreated s. gigantea sporocysts ... | 1990 | 2125159 |
| sarcocystis gigantea lectin--mitogen and polyclonal b-cell activator. | the present study further examined the in vitro response of human mononuclear cells (mnc) to the sarcocystis gigantea lectin (sgl). the results confirm our previous report that sgl is mitogenic for human mnc. we now report that sgl is not only a potent mitogen but also a polyclonal activator for human peripheral b cells. as was true for pokeweed mitogen (pwm, 2 micrograms/ml), the addition of sgl (25 micrograms protein/ml) to cultures of mnc caused lymphocyte proliferation and b-cell maturation, ... | 1990 | 2110673 |
| identification of synapomorphic characters in the genus sarcocystis based on 18s rdna sequence comparison. | in order to further investigate synapomorphic characters in the genus sarcocystis, the small subunit ribosomal rna gene sequences of sarcocystis capracanis and sarcocystis moulei were determined and used to infer the phylogenetic position of these two organisms within the cyst-forming coccidia. phylogenies derived using distance, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods demonstrated that s. capracanis groups with sarcocystis tenella and sarcocystis arieticanis as a clade that shares the ... | 1997 | 9304808 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against ovine sarcocystis spp. antigens by immunoblotting and immuno-electron microscopy. | six monoclonal antibodies were raised in mice against purified cytozoite extracts of sarcocystis gigantea and s. tenella from sheep. each monoclonal antibody was evaluated for specificity by enzyme immunoassay, immunoblotting and immuno-electron microscopy using homologous and heterologous antigenic preparations. all six monoclonal antibodies exhibited good species-specificity when reacted against crude soluble cystozoite antigens in enzyme immunoassays. however, only two monoclonal antibodies ( ... | 1990 | 2107621 |
| separation of antigens from sarcocystis species using chromatofocusing. | crude antigen preparations from bradyzoites of sarcocystis species exhibit a high degree of cross-reactivity with antisera against heterologous sarcocystis species, preventing the development of a species-specific immunological test for sarcocystiosis. in this study, we fractionated bradyzoite-derived protein extracts from sarcocystis tenella, sarcocystis arieticanis, sarcocystis gigantea, and sarcocystis muris by chromatofocusing and obtained distinct protein elution profiles for each species. ... | 1991 | 1919920 |
| the in vivo excystation of sarcocystis gigantea and s. tenella sporocysts. | in vivo studies on the excystation of sarcocystis gigantea and s. tenella sporocysts indicated that this process was, as in vitro, a diphasic one involving both pretreatment and treatment phases. the studies also tended to support in vitro observations that the requirements for the excystation of these two species are quite different. the results suggested that for neither species was the pretreatment stimulus likely to be provided by conditions in the rumen alone. however, exposure to abomasal ... | 1991 | 1910220 |
| comparison of immunological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of infections with pathogenic sarcocystis species in sheep. | sheep may be infected by four species of sarcocystis: sarcocystis tenella and sarcocystis arieticanis are pathogenic, sarcocystis gigantea and sarcocystis medusiformis are non-pathogenic. the two pathogenic species may cause abortion or acute disease during the early phase of infection and chronic disease during the late phase of infection. thus far, diagnosis of sarcocystiosis has been limited, because traditional diagnostic tests based on the detection of sarcocystis-specific antibodies are on ... | 1998 | 10622625 |
| activation of human cd4+ and cd8+ cells by sarcocystis gigantea lectin. | as recently reported, sarcocystis gigantea lectin (sgl) is a powerful mitogen and a polyclonal activator (syn. s. ovifelis) of human peripheral b-cells. in the present study we investigated the reactivity of human t-helper (cd4) and t-suppressor (cd8) cells to sgl. mononuclear cells (mncs) from five newborns and six adults were examined cytofluorometrically for the expression of cell-surface differentiation and activation antigens using a set of seven monoclonal antibodies. in all, 96% of cord-b ... | 1991 | 1686494 |
| molecular identification of macroscopic and microscopic cysts of sarcocystis in sheep in north khorasan province, iran. | sarcocystis is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite which can infect humans and animals. sheep are intermediate hosts of four sarcocystis species: sarcocystis tenella, sarcocystis gigantea, sarcocystis arieticanis, and sarcocystis medusiformis the purpose of this study was to perform a molecular identification of the macroscopic and microscopic cysts of sarcocystis in sheep. in this investigation, the macroscopic and microscopic cysts of sarcocystis were assessed in slaughtered sheep. ... | 2014 | 24551821 |
| [diagnosis of sarcocystosis in sheep using the indirect fluorescence test and elisa]. | the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of specific antibodies to sarcocystis sp. a set of 275 ovine blood samples was examined by both reactions. cystozoites of sarcocystis gigantea were used as the corpuscular antigen for the ifat. for the diagnostics of sarcocystosis by the elisa technique used the sandwich test of the antibody titration with a soluble antigen which was also prepared from s. gigantea macro ... | 1992 | 1641936 |
| comparison of in vitro translation products of sarcocystis gigantea and sarcocystis tenella. | poly(a)+ rna was purified from cystozoites of sarcocystis gigantea and sarcocystis tenella and used to in vitro translate polypeptides in a wheat germ and a rabbit reticulocyte translation system. the in vitro translated polypeptides were compared by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the s. tenella mrna translated at least two polypeptides (mol. wt about 80,000 and 21,500) in both translation systems that were not translated by the s. gigantea mrna. to study co-translat ... | 1992 | 1587678 |
| [autoimmune phenomena during trypanosoma equiperdum inoculation of the laboratory mouse]. | in the course of the trypanosoma equiperdum-infection of mice an increase of igm antibodies against the autoantigens dsdna, keratin and collagen as well as against a protozoan foreign antigen consisting of sarcocystis gigantea-extract could be observed with a maximum level between 4th and 8th day p. i. the igg-antibodies did not significantly change during the investigation time. a splenomegaly appeared after the infection. the weight of spleen was four times higher than normal. it was suggested ... | 1992 | 1497580 |
| a rapd-pcr derived marker can differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic sarcocystis species of sheep. | random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr was used to differentiate among four cyst-forming coccidia of sheep, sarcocystis tenella, sarcocystis gigantea, sarcocystis arieticanis, and toxoplasma gondii. genomic dna of the four parasite species was amplified using rapd-pcr and the dna fragments were separated on agarose gels. a rapd-pcr band derived from s. tenella was isolated from the gel and subcloned into puc18. the insert was sequenced and found to be 1278 nucleotides long. this sequence ap ... | 1996 | 8799369 |
| [effect of sarcocystis gigantea extract (sge) on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)]. | basis of this study were the previous findings regarding isolation and characterization of a sarcocystis gigantea lectin (sgl) especially the activation of human mononuclear cells (cd3+, cd4+, cd8+, mø, b-lymphocytes). hiv-susceptible, immortaliced cell lines (h9-, mt-4) should be investigated to examine their reactivity against sge which contains this strong mitogen. using lymphocyte proliferation assay a strong stimulation of noninfected cd(4+)-positive h9-cell by sge was observed. hiv-infecte ... | 1996 | 8720736 |
| species-specific identification of sarcocystis and toxoplasma by pcr amplification of small subunit ribosomal rna gene fragments. | the small subunit (ssu) ribosomal rna (rrna) genes of four cyst-forming coccidia (sarcocystis tenella, sarcocystis arieticanis, sarcocystis gigantea, toxoplasma gondii) infecting sheep were analysed for unique target sequences which could be used as priming sites for species-specific polymerase chain reactions (pcr). a total of 11 putatively species-specific oligonucleotides were tested in combination with universal oligonucleotides designed for conserved regions of the ssu rrna genes of eukaryo ... | 1994 | 7951394 |
| phylogenetic relationships between toxoplasma and sarcocystis deduced from a comparison of 18s rdna sequences. | the current taxonomy of parasites in the genus sarcocystis is largely based on morphological characteristics as well as on host specificity and life-cycle structure. recently, phylogenetic analyses of partial ribosomal rna (rrna) sequences provided support for paraphyly of sarcocystis. we have tested the validity of this hypothesis by sequencing the complete 18s rrna genes of sarcocystis arieticanis, sarcocystis gigantea and sarcocystis tenella and comparing them with gene sequences derived from ... | 1995 | 7596636 |
| studies on sarcocystis species vii: the effect of temperature on the viability of macrocysts (sarcocystis gigantea) of sheep. | | 1980 | 6779247 |
| morphology of sarcocystis gigantea in experimentally-infected sheep. | the development of the parasite and lesions was studied in 32 sheep killed 10 days to 47 months after inoculation with sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts from cats. at 21-42 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.), there was a mild encephalitis, but organisms were not seen in the brain. immature sarcocysts were detected from 40-84 d.p.i. the cyst wall was not measurable by light microscopy at 40 d.p.i., but was 1.5-2 microns thick at 84 d.p.i. at 119 d.p.i. both immature cysts containing only metrocytes, an ... | 1984 | 6440347 |
| development and growth of sarcocystis gigantea in experimentally-infected sheep. | immature, microscopic sarcocystis gigantea sarcocysts were detected in experimental sheep from 1.3 to 4 months after dosing with sporocysts from cats. mature, microscopic sarcocysts were also present at 4 months post-inoculation (p.i.). s. gigantea sarcocysts were 0.35 mm long at 8.5 months p.i. and gradually increased in size to 7.5 mm by 45 months p.i. transmission back to cats was demonstrated at 14 months p.i. | 1984 | 6437054 |
| indirect haemagglutination reaction with antigen of sarcocystis gigantea (railliet, 1886) ashford, 1977. | the water extract from cryolyzed whole muscle cysts of sarcocystis gigantea from sheep, in spite of the high lectin content, is a suitable antigen for the detection of specific antibodies by means of indirect haemagglutination reaction (iha). the agglutinating effect of lectin from parasitic cysts can be eliminated with a 0.5% concentration of lactose dissolved in all solutions used for iha. in sera of slaughterhouse sheep, positive titres ranging from 1:80 to 1:1 280 were registered. positive r ... | 1983 | 6414913 |
| phylogenetic relationships of the apicomplexan protist sarcocystis as determined by small subunit ribosomal rna comparison. | reverse transcription of total cellular rna was used to obtain the partial nucleotide sequence of the small subunit ribosomal rna (srrna) of sarcocystis gigantea. the sequence was compared with the homologous sequences of 24 other eukaryotes. phylogenetic analysis of the semiconserved regions by 4 different tree-building methods using bacteria as an outgroup all concur in showing monophyly of sarcocystis gigantea and toxoplasma gondii to the exclusion of all other taxa for which homologous seque ... | 1988 | 3138398 |
| mitogenicity of extracts from sarcocystis gigantea on human and animal lymphocytes. | | 1986 | 3132752 |
| prevalence of sarcocystis cysts in pigs and sheep in spain. | samples of serum and diaphragm muscle were collected from 100 pigs, and serum samples and oesophagi were collected from 100 sheep. the diaphragm muscle and oesophageal tissues were examined for the presence of macroscopic and microscopic sarcocystis cysts by compression between trichinoscope plates as well as by tissue digestion with pepsin solution. the sera were examined by the indirect haemagglutination test (iha), using antigens from sarcocystis gigantea. with these methods, 95% of the sheep ... | 1988 | 3130717 |
| recovery of sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts from cat faeces. | a method for the mass recovery of s. gigantea sporocysts from cat faeces involving homogenisation and centrifugation in water, passage through 250- and 53-microns sieves and floatation in 1.2 sg nacl solution, is described. an examination of the various processes involved in this procedure showed that the greatest yields were obtained when a proportion of faeces to floatation medium of 1:20 and centrifugation at 6000 x g for at least 5 min was used. ninety-six per cent of the sporocysts recovere ... | 1988 | 3126598 |
| evaluation of a concentration method for counting sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts in cat faeces. | a technique for determining the numbers of s. gigantea sporocysts in cat faeces using a concentration procedure and haemocytometer was evaluated. the results showed that it was more accurate than a modified mcmaster method and had a mean recovery rate of 73% at four levels of infection ranging from about 2000 to over 20,000 sporocysts per gram of faeces. | 1988 | 3126597 |
| extracts from sarcocystis gigantea macrocysts are mitogenic for human blood lymphocytes. | extracts were prepared from macrocysts of sarcocystis gigantea, an animal parasite, by sonication and high speed centrifugation. mononuclear cells were obtained from the blood of 14 adults and 5 newborns and used for transformation assays. addition of sarcocystis extracts (equivalent to 400 micrograms protein/ml) to these cells increased the lymphocyte proliferation approximately 71 fold over the background. the control with pokeweed mitogen (5 micrograms/ml) gave a stimulation index of 58. ther ... | 1986 | 3099605 |
| prevalence, transmission, and pathogenicity of sarcocystis gigantea of sheep. | between march and may 1983, tongues and esophagi of 355 adult ewes from colorado and idaho were examined for grossly visible sarcocysts. sarcocysts of sarcocystis gigantea were found in 35 sheep. cats fed sarcocysts from these naturally infected sheep shed sporocysts in their feces. two adult ewes and 12 lambs inoculated with 1,000 to 1,000,000 sporocysts were euthanatized at postinoculation days (pid) 146, 230, 265, 391, 721, and 882, and their tissues were fed to sarcocystis-free cats. all ino ... | 1986 | 3084406 |
| demonstration of schizogonous stages of sarcocystis gigantea in experimentally infected sheep. | sarcocystis-free lambs were orally dosed with 1 x 10(6) sporocysts of sarcocystis gigantea. schizonts were found in endothelial cells of capillaries and arterioles of the brain, lung and kidney of lambs 7 and 14 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.). between 21 and 35 d.p.i. there was extensive multi-focal encephalitis; however no organisms were detected in association with these lesions. | 1986 | 3083575 |
| genetic diversity in sarcocystis gigantea assessed by rflp analysis of the its1 region. | the genetic diversity among sarcocystis gigantea isolates derived from individual cysts within a given infected animal at two abattoirs in australia and one abattoir in germany was studied using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the intergenic transcribed spacer region 1 (its 1) of the ribosomal rna gene operon. s. gigantea isolates were obtained from infected sheep from blayney (new south wales), katanning (western australia), and detmold (north-rhine westfalia, german ... | 1996 | 9060175 |
| stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus expression in permanent monocytic cells by sarcocystis gigantea extract. | as recently reported, a strong stimulation of noninfected cd4+ h9- cells by sarcocystis gigantea (syn. s. ovifelis) extract (sge) was observed using the lymphocyte proliferation assay. after sge prestimulation, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected h9+ cells showed an exacerbation of viral replication. in the present study we investigated the reactivity of hiv-infected human monocytes using sge. the highly sensitive p24 core-profile enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to exa ... | 1998 | 9660134 |
| [endoparasitic infections in sheep from the swabian alb]. | the endoparasite fauna of 59 slaughtered sheep (30 lambs, 29 ewes) from the swabian alb, germany, was examined. one species of trematodes, 3 species of cestodes, 29 species of nematodes (23 species of gastro-intestinal and 6 species of lung nematodes), 1 species of arthropodes and 1 species of protozoa were recorded. all animals were infected with dicrocoelium dentriticum as well as gastro-intestinal and lung nematodes, 45.8% with moniezia spp., 15.3% with cysticercus tenuicollis, 55.9% with oes ... | 1998 | 9857565 |
| development and validation of species-specific nested pcrs for diagnosis of acute sarcocystiosis in sheep. | sheep may be infected by four species of sarcocystis. two of these species, sarcocystis tenella and sarcocystis arieticanis, are pathogenic. they may cause abortion or acute disease during the early phase of infection, and chronic disease during the late phase of infection. thus far, diagnosis of sarcocystiosis in sheep has been limited, because traditional diagnostic tests based on the detection of sarcocystis-specific antibodies are only genus-specific and, thus, cannot differentiate between p ... | 1999 | 10576582 |
| determination of the mitogenic effect of sarcocystis gigantea extracts in the lectin fraction. | | 1986 | 3132753 |
| the mitogenicity of extracts from sarcocystis gigantea macrocysts is due to lectin(s). | as recently reported, extracts from macrocysts of sarcocystis gigantea obtained by sonication show mitogenic activity towards lymphocytes. by affinity chromatography using a galactose gel, a lectin fraction which contained the entire mitogenic activity was obtained from these extracts. | 2011 | 3125545 |
| molecular determination of abundance of infection with sarcocystis species in slaughtered sheep of urmia, iran. | sarcocystis is one of the most prevalent parasites of domestic ruminants worldwide. this study was aimed to determine prevalence of sarcocystis infection and molecular discrimination of sarcocystis gigantea and sarcocystis medusiformis infecting domestic sheep. tissue samples from 638 sheep slaughtered at urmia abattoir were randomly collected from february 2011 to january 2012. genomic dna extraction and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed to amplify a 964 bp fragment of nuclear 18s r ... | 2014 | 25568716 |
| molecular detection of sarcocystis species in slaughtered sheep by pcr-rflp from south-western of iran. | sarcocystis spp. are the cyst forming protozoan parasites that prevalent in livestock all around the world. in the presented work, we examined 40 macroscopic and 40 microscopic sarcocysts from khouzestan and lorestan provinces, south-western iran, utilizing pcr-rflp based on amplification of 18s rrna gene. using avai, hindii, taqi and ecori restriction enzymes the results represented sarcocystis gigantea in both macroscopic and microscopic cysts. this result supports the importance of molecular ... | 2014 | 24808658 |
| phylogenetic relationships among sarcocystis species in cervids, cattle and sheep inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene. | coccidian parasites in the genus sarcocystis have a two-host life cycle, and have traditionally been identified on the basis of morphological features of the sarcocyst stage in their intermediate hosts. additional molecular species identification, delimitation and phylogeny of sarcocystis spp. have been based mainly on the nuclear ssrrna gene. this gene is well suited for discrimination between more distant species but less so for closely related species. the objective of this study was therefor ... | 2013 | 23542092 |
| the survival of sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts following exposure to various chemical and physical agents. | using in vitro excystation as a measure of viability, it was found that at 4 degrees c sarcocystis gigantea sporocysts survived considerably better in tap water (85% excystation after 174 days) than in either 2.5% potassium dichromate (15% excystation after 174 days) or 2% sulphuric acid (0% excystation after 5 days). although they were able to resist 48 h suspension at room temperature in most laboratory reagents and disinfectants tested, six (sulphuric acid, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, potassi ... | 1992 | 1485409 |