| toxoplasma gondii-vertebrate cell interactions. i. the influence of bicarbonate ion, co2, ph and host cell culture age on the invasion of vertebrate cells in vitro. | a controlled-environment culture system was used to show that both physical and biologic parameters can influence the penetration of vertebrate cells by toxoplasma gondii. the optimum bicarbonate ion concentration for the penetration of bovine embryo skeletal muscle (besm) cells is 36.25 mm. higher or lower bicarbonate ion concentrations are increasingly inhibitory to penetration. as co2 increases in the range from 0.5-3.7 mm, penetration is progressively inhibited. no relationship was found bet ... | 1977 | 21287 |
| specific labeling of intracellular toxoplasma gondii with uracil. | radioactive uracil was not significantly incorporated into the nucleic acids of human fibroblast cells. infection of these cells with toxoplasma gondii resulted in an exponential increase in the rate of uracil incorporation that paralleled the exponential growth of the parasite. one day after infection the rate of uracil incorporation was increased 100-fold. it was established by autoradiography that all of the 3h uracil was incorporated into the intracellular parasites. a possible explanation f ... | 1977 | 21288 |
| toxoplasma antibodies and spontaneous abortion. | one hundred and fifty-two women with spontaneous abortion were investigated by hemagglutination (ha) and immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) tests for toxoplasmosis. in 48 cases, quantitive immunoglobulin (ig) studies and mouse inoculation with gestational material were performed. positive toxoplasma antibody titers were observed in 62 cases (40.8%) using ha and in 52 cases (38.2%) using ifa. this prevalence was significantly higher than that observed in 80 normal women who served as controls. tox ... | 1978 | 25801 |
| structural changes of toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites and cysts following therapy with sulfamethoxypyrazine-pyrimethamine: studies by light and electron microscopy. consequences for chemotherapy. | mastomys natalensis chronically infected with toxoplasma gondii strain alt over two months were treated with sulfamethoxypyrazine-pyrimethamine for 10 and 25 days. 72 hours after discontinuation of therapy the animals were sacrificed. the brains were removed and, following corresponding preparation, studied for the presence of the parasite and structural changes of cysts by light and transmission electron microscopy. more or less pronounced structural changes could be found in cyst walls, bradyz ... | 1979 | 44617 |
| the effect of toxoplasma cell fractions and mycobacterial immunostimulants against virulent toxoplasma gondii in mice. | toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were disrupted in a ribi cell fractionator and separated into cell walls and protoplasm by differential centrifugation. these products were used alone or combined with a mycobacterial glycolipid (p3) and injected either as oil-in-water emulsions or incorporated in freund's incomplete adjuvant. mice were vaccinated by intravenous or intradermal routes and challenged intraperitoneally with a highly virulent strain of toxoplasma gondii. a local granuloma formation was ... | 1979 | 44793 |
| studies on antibody levels to brucella abortus, toxoplasma gondii and leptospira serogroups in sera collected by the national serum bank during 1974-1976. | the new zealand national serum bank is a collection of human sera consisting predominantly of specimens taken from healthy new zealand blood donors. the studies presented here were designed to assess the antibody levels in two urban centres to brucella abortus, toxoplasma gondii and several leptospiral serogroups including all those found in new zealand. in none of the sera could complement fixing leptospiral antibodies be detected. there was evidence of low level immunity to both toxoplasma gon ... | 1979 | 44946 |
| antigenic and enzymatic changes in infected and transformed human diploid cells. | human diploid fibroblasts, wi-38, were infected with various agents and the levels of lysosomal enzymes determined by immunochemical quantitation. esterase levels were raised by mumps virus and toxoplasma gondii infection. the concentration of beta-d-glucuronidase was reduced by these same agents. beta-d-n-acetyl glucosaminidase was greatly increased in cultures infected with t. gondii and decreased by mycoplasma infection. two cultures transformed by sv40 showed reduced levels of esterase compa ... | 1975 | 46837 |
| [vital fluorochromasia of mikroorganisms using fluorescein-3',6'-diacetate (fda). ii; communication: the influences of humoral and cellular defence-mechanisms on vitality of toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]. | fluorochromization by using the non-fluorescent, but fluorogenic substrate fluorescein-3',6'-diacetate indicates vitality and metabolic activity of extra- and intracellular toxoplasma gondii. specific humoral antibody diminishes the metabolism and, therefore, also the fluorochromization of these parasites; because toxoplasms invade host cells mainly by active penetration, they are found not only in phagocytes but also in lymphocytes and in hepatocytes. in these cells, a further multiplication of ... | 1975 | 50679 |
| impairment of immunity during pregnancy and antiviral effect of amniotic fluid. | in 297 pregnant women serum-levels of antibody to rubella virus were determined by haemagglutination inhibition, and serum-levels of antibodies to herpes-simplex virus and toxoplasma gondii were measured by indirect immunofluorescence tests. sera of age-matched non-pregnant women with intrauterine devices were also tested for the antibodies. a lower level of humoral immunity was found in the pregnant women than in the controls, and this fell further as pregnancy progressed. investigation of seru ... | 1977 | 64858 |
| a fluorescence phase contrast study of the interaction between toxoplasma gondii and lysosomes in living cells. | lysosomes of peritoneal macrophages, selectively pinpointed by aminoacridine-induced fluorescence, do not fuse with vacuoles containing viable toxoplasma gondii rh strain. | 1977 | 70118 |
| [cytochemical study of different stages in the life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. i. nucleic acids and proteins in endozoites]. | using the feulgen technique in addition to the methyl green-pyronin and gallocyanin-chromalum staining, nucleic acids were detected in toxoplasma gondii of strains ss-119 and rh dna was revealed in the nuclei of both intracellular and free individuals examined on various days (2--6) after mouse inoculation. a high rna content in the cytoplasm of endozoites is a most characteristic feature of this stage. however, no definite nucleolus has been demonstrated in the endozoite nucleus. using the fast ... | 1977 | 70874 |
| effects of beta-1,3 glucan upon infection by toxoplasma gondii rh. studies in vivo and in vitro [proceedings]. | | 1978 | 80191 |
| failure to detect mouse species-specific antigens in toxoplasmin sevac. | toxoplasmin--a highly purified extract from the protozoa toxoplasma gondii propagated in mice--was tested for the presence of the mouse species-specific antigens by immunodiffusion in agar gel and by pca test. neither test gave positive reaction. it was concluded therefore that toxoplasmin sevac used for the detection of dermal hypersensitivity to toxoplasma antigens in humans does not contain any detectable contamination by mouse species-specific antigens within the limits of sensitivity of bot ... | 1978 | 82576 |
| fluorescence and electron microscope studies on the interaction between lysosomes of mammalian host-cells and toxoplasma gondii rh following treatment with cotrimoxazole [proceedings]. | | 1978 | 84590 |
| toxoplasma gondii: ultrastructure and antigenicity of purified tachyzoite pellicle. | | 1979 | 89966 |
| macrophage oxygen-dependent antimicrobial activity. i. susceptibility of toxoplasma gondii to oxygen intermediates. | a sensitive method for evaluating extracellular parasite viability was used to determine the in vitro susceptibility of virulent toxoplasma gondii to selected oxygen intermediates. by acridine orange fluorescent staining criteria, toxoplasmas were resistant to up to either 10(-3) m reagent h2o2 or h2o2 generated by glucose-glucose oxidase. in keeping with a lack of sensitivity to h2o2, toxoplasmas contained endogenous catalase (5.7 x 10(-4) baudhuin units/10(6) organisms). the addition of a pero ... | 1979 | 92521 |
| role for activated macrophages in resistance against trichinella spiralis. | to determine whether activated macrophages are important in resistance against the intestinal phase of nematode parasites, we studied trichinella spiralis infections in mice with normal macrophages and in mice with macrophages activated by either chronic toxoplasma gondii or acute listeria monocytogenes infections. the peak t. spiralis adult worm burden in the intestines of normal c57bl/6 or swiss webster mice occurred from 6 to 14 days after infection. subsequent expulsion of worms from the int ... | 1978 | 99366 |
| toxoplasma gondii: penetration into differentiating friend erythroleukemia cells. | | 1978 | 103745 |
| [examination of cats for the elimination of toxoplasma gondii oocysts]. | two hundred and two samples of excrements were investigated for the presence of toxoplasma gondii oocysts. fifty-two samples were taken from dead domestic cats and a hundred and fifty samples were obtained from wild cats living in various localities of the cssr. the investigation was orientative and a flotation method with the breza flotation solution of the specific weight of 1.300 was used. if the finding was positive, residues of the excrements were floated with a saccharose, solution of the ... | 1979 | 105452 |
| age-related defense against infection with intracellular pathogens. | young adult (6--12 weeks old) and aged (20--24 months old) nmri mice were infected with various intracellular parasites. the following results were obtained: (1) after a sublethal infection with listeria monocytogenes, aged mice were found to show a resistance similar to that of young adults. a challenge infection with this pathogen was followed by specific immunity of long duration in both age-groups. (2) on the other hand, young animals were significantly more resistant to salmonella typhimuri ... | 1979 | 116909 |
| the prevalence of sarcocytis spp in dogs, foxes and sheep and toxoplasma gondii in sheep and the use of the indirect haemagglutination reaction in serodiagnosis. | sporocysts of sarcocystis spp were found in the faeces of 39.3 per cent and 25 per cent of farm dogs and foxes respectively. the indirect haemagglutination serodiagnostic test suggested that nearly all sheep in the area sampled became infected early in life and diagnosis of infection by this means correlates well with trichinoscopy findings. the sarcocystis antigens used in serodiagnostic tests did not cross react with sera positive for toxoplasma gondii. sarcocystis antigens derived from cattle ... | 1979 | 120576 |
| experimental congenital infection of toxoplasma gondii in macaca arctoides. | congenital toxoplasmosis was studied in macaca arctoides as a model for primates. time-mated female monkeys were assigned to 5 experimental groups and inoculated with 4 different strains of toxoplasma gondii before pregnancy and during various stages of gestation. all monkeys showed a rise in indirect hemagglutination antibody (iha) titers following infection, and some had demonstrable parasitemia. of the 23 progeny, 2 were stillbirths and 2 died soon after birth, but only the one neonate born o ... | 1979 | 120735 |
| [preparation of pure suspensions of toxoplasma gondii zoites from tissue cultures (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 129292 |
| cell-mediated hypersensitivity in guinea-pigs infected with toxoplasms gondii. | this investigation demonstrated delayed hypersensitivity by macrophage migration inhibition (mmi) and skin-testing (st) at 4, 8, 12, and 17 weeks and by lymphocyte transformation (lt) at 4, 12, and 17 weeks after infection of guinea-pigs (gp) with toxoplasma gondii (c-37 strain). mmi and lt were both most pronounced at 4 and 17 weeks post-infection. gp immunized with toxoplasmin in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) demonstrated positive blast transformation and st, but gp immunized with phosphate ... | 1976 | 134544 |
| [study of chromosome characteristics of artificially-induced ascite tumors]. | some ascite tumours have been induced in rat by intraperitoneal injection of radlv and in mouse by intraperitoneal injection of radlv, or of protozoa such as trypanosoma brucei and toxoplasma gondii. cytological examination of the resulting ascite tumours has shown that chromosome aberrations were associated with the presence of c and a viral particles. | 1976 | 134821 |
| [evolution of immunity to toxoplasma gondii in an apparently healthy human population]. | in order to detect the evolution of the immune background in infections with t. gondii, investigations were carried out by the indirect immunofluorescence test in 231 apparently healthy subjects, belonging to different age-groups, from three rural localities in moldavia. a second serologic test was performed after various intervals (6 months, 16 months, 5 years). the results showed that:--the evolution of the immune background appears to be conditioned by the factor time, significant variations ... | 1976 | 135332 |
| toxoplasma gondii: characterization of a mutant resistant to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. | | 1977 | 140809 |
| [cytochemical study of different stages in the life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. i. amylopectin and lipids in endozoites]. | attempts were made to localize cytochemically acid micopolysaccharides, in addition to sulphate groups of mucosubstances in toxoplasma endozoites of ss-119 and rh strains with negative results. amylopectin was found to be the only polysaccharide so far detected in the endozoite stage, using the pas technique. with rh strain toxoplasmas, the dynamics of amylopectin was followed within 6 days after mouse inoculation. on day 2, toxoplasmas and the host cells of the mouse peritoneal exudate being pr ... | 1977 | 143097 |
| [cytochemical study of the different stages in the life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. viii. nucleic acid distribution in the parasites at developmental stages from the cat intestine and the problem of the systematic position of toxoplasma]. | | 1977 | 146290 |
| [cytochemical study of the different stages in the life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. ix. the polysaccharides and lipids in the parasites at developmental stages from the cat intestine]. | amylopectin was detected in all the stages examined. in the oval stages the minute granules of pas-positive material were seen in the cytoplasm when examined on fresh-frozen sections. in merozoites, amylopectin was more conspicuous with maturation. the residual body of microgametocytes contain large amounts of amylopectin; no polysaccharide was visualized in microgamete bodies. amylopectin was most abundant in macrogametocytes and zygotes. however, no peripheral position of pas-positive "plastic ... | 1977 | 146291 |
| toxoplasma gondii: the enzymic defect of a mutant resistant to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. | | 1978 | 146608 |
| [cytochemical study of various stages of life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. 10. phosphatases in the parasites during developmental stages in cat's intestines]. | several methods of acid and alkaline phosphatese and atpase detection using both natural and artificial substrates were applied to the intestinal stages of toxoplasma gondii with negative results to reveal enzymatic activity in all the stages except the microgametocyte. possible explanation of this unexpected phenomenon is discussed taking into account host-parasite relationships with intestinal stages of toxoplasma and with coccidia in general. | 1978 | 148759 |
| quantitative studies of the mutagenesis of toxoplasma gondii. | the induction of mutants resistant to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (fudr) was used to measure the efficiency of various physical and chemical mutagens on extracellular and intracellular toxoplasma gondii. the frequency of resistant mutant was measured by plaque assay in human fibroblast cultures in the presence and absence of fudr. when considered as a function of lethality, the most efficient mutagenesis was obtained with nitrosoguanidine treatment of extracellular parasites and with ethylmethane sulfo ... | 1979 | 158076 |
| specific immunity and nonspecific resistance to infection: listeria, protozoa, and viruses in mice and hamsters,. | specific immunity developed by mice against protozoan (toxoplasma gondii and besnoitia jellisoni) and bacterial (listeria monocytogenes) infections was compared with nonspecific protection conferred by prior infections. the results indicated that homologous immunity protected mice from more than 10-5 ld50 of t. gondii or b. jellisoni, but from only 10-2 ld50 of l. monocytogenes. heterospecific protection among these organisms was for 10-0.4 minus 10-1.2 ld50. in studies in hamsters specific immu ... | 1975 | 165241 |
| antibodies to epstein-barr virus-associated nuclear antigen and to other viral and non-viral antigens in hodgkin's disease. | antibody reactivity to epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated nuclear antigen (ebna) was investigated by means of the anticomplement immunofluorescence technique on sera from patients with hodgkin's disease (hd) and from appropriate controls. antibody levels to other ebv-determined antigens, i.e. viral capsid (vca) and early antigens (ea), and to measles and rubella viruses, to cytomegalovirus (cmv), and to toxoplasma gondii were also measured. the results of anti-ebv antibody titrations demonstrat ... | 1975 | 168161 |
| epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation and immunosuppression. | viral infections and clinical complications were studied during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and epstein-barr viruses was found in 35%, 24%, and 0% of patients, respectively. cytomegalovirus viremia developed in 42% of patients an average of two months after renal transplantation, lasted 1.75 (+/- 1.5) months (except in one patient with chr ... | 1975 | 171315 |
| serological study of amebiasis and toxoplasmosis in the lindu valley, central sulawesi, indonesia. | results of a serology survey in april 1972 for entamoeba histolytica and toxoplasma gondii antibodies among 484 inhabitants of the isolated lake lindu valley of central sulawesi (celebes) are presented. indirect hemagglutination antibody titers for amebiasis were found in over 10% of the population, although only 3.7% demonstrated significant titers of 1:128 or greater. there appeared to be no relationship between antibody titers and the age and sex of individuals tested, and the frequency distr ... | 1975 | 171809 |
| the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in central java, indonesia. | sera collected from people living along the slopes of mt. merapi and mt. merbabu (900-1900 m) in boyolali regency, central java, indonesia were tested by indirect hemagglutination tests for antibodies to entamoeba histolytica and toxoplasma gondii. a total of 695 sera from 439 males and 256 females, 2 to 75 years of age were tested for amoebiasis and 17.6% had positive antibody titers of 1:128 or greater. the prevalence of antibodies was the same for males and females and increased with age. the ... | 1975 | 179151 |
| [histochemistry of the carbohydrate metabolism in cysts of toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]. | mice were infected with cysts of the alt strain toxoplasma by intraperitoneal injection. after 2-8 weeks disseminated cysts could be demonstrated in the brain tissue. all cysts showed identical histochemical characteristics, independent of their sizes or their cell number. the encysted organisms were intensely stained after the pas-reaction. this polysaccharide is highly diastase and acid resistant. glycogen synthetase activity could not be demonstrated, but phosphorylase activity was very high. ... | 1977 | 193313 |
| infectious mononucleosis and mononucleosis syndromes. | infectious mononucleosis (im) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) mononucleosis are caused by a primary infection with related viruses, epstein-barr virus (ebv) and cmv. despite the similarity of clinical manifestations, basic differences exist: (1) the heterophil antibody (ha) response is absent in cmv mononucleosis, whereas it is present in im. (2) in im atypical lymphocytosis reflects proliferation of b cells early and of t cells later in the disease course; in cmv mononucleosis the situation appears c ... | 1977 | 195404 |
| [antibodies against the cytomegalic virus and toxoplasma gondii in a sample of the monrovia population]. | cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma gondii antibodies were titered in 133 serum specimens from students, physicians and technical staff of monrovia hospital. the findings obtained show that both infections are widely spread: cytomegalovirus antibody was detected in 81%, and toxoplasma antibody in 70% of tested sera. no significative differences were observed among sera from different tribes and birth places. | 1976 | 195860 |
| [cytochemical study of different stages in the life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. vii. oxidation--reduction enzymes in the cyst forms]. | dehydrogenases of glycolysis, kreb's cycle, and pentose-phosphate shunt were detected in cystozoites of toxoplasma gondii strain ss-119 with various degrees of activity. a mixed oxidative metabolism may be postulated on this stage of the toxoplasma life cycle. besides, the activity of cytochrome oxidase was detected in cystozoites; the addition of cytochrome c to the incubation medium significantly intensified the reaction intensity. of interest seems the observation of a layer of higher enzymat ... | 1977 | 203066 |
| the biochemical basis for resistance to adenine arabinoside in a mutant of toxoplasma gondii. | we have previously reported the isolation and preliminary characterization of a mutant of toxoplasma gondii that was resistant to adenine arabinoside. fiftyfold higher concentrations of adenine arabinoside were required to inhibit the growth of the resistant parasite in human fibroblast cultures. to determine the enzymic basis for resistance, we measured the kinases and deaminases that act on adenosine or deoxyadenosine. all of these enzymic activities were found in uninfected human fibroblast c ... | 1978 | 207846 |
| biomedical survey in irian jaya (west irian), indonesia. | a biomedical survey was conducted in several areas of irian jaya, indonesia in july 1972 in association with an investigation of reports of a cholera outbreak. stool specimens, blood smears and sera were collected and examined for evidence of parasitic as well as other infectious diseases. a total of 114 stools were examined and the most commonly found intestinal parasites were trichuris trichiura (94%), ascaris lumbricoides (74%), hookworm (58%), entamoeba coli (15%), endolimax nana (8%), entam ... | 1977 | 208184 |
| antibodies to rubellavirus, herpes simplex virus and toxoplasma gondii in serial serum samples of pregnant and non-pregnant women. | by testing serial serum samples of 213 pregnant women for rubellavirus, of 196 for herpes simplex virus and of 134 for toxoplasma gondii, it was found that during pregnancy there was a fall in the humoral antibody level. presence and titre of antibodies were lower in sera of pregnant than of non-pregnant women. alteration of the humoral antibody level during pregnancy may influence serological studies aimed at clarifying the role of infections in fetal malformations. serial serum samples (4 samp ... | 1978 | 211807 |
| [ultrastructural localization of the oxydasic activity in toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]. | toxoplasma belonging on the rh strain were studied under a transmission electron microscope. the activities looked for were: peroxidase, cytochrome oxydase and acid phosphatase. an oxydasic cytochrome respiratory activity was seen. it is localised on the crests and on the peripheral membrane of the mitochondria of toxoplasma gondii. in the given experimental conditions, no such activity appeared in the other intracytoplasmic organels of the parasite, nor in the vacuoles of the host-cells contain ... | 1978 | 215069 |
| pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus and the compromised host. | pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii are the two major parasitic protozoan pathogens in the immunocompromised host. both organisms cause latent infection in humans and many animals. cats are the definitive hosts for toxoplasmosis; the animal vector for pneumocystis (if any) has not been defined. toxoplasma is an obligate intracellular parasite, whereas the available evidence suggests that pneumocystis carinii exists primarily extracellularly. in compromised hosts, pneumocystis infection us ... | 1979 | 217182 |
| infectious mononucleosis and related syndromes. | the "mono syndrome" is an acute febrile disease of older children and young adults which involves the lymphatic system and is characterized hematologically by the presence of 50% or more lymphocytes and monocytes and 10% or more atypical lymphocytes. epstein-barr virus (ebv) causes over 90% of the syndrome, cytomegalovirus (cmv) about 5% to 7%, and toxoplasma gondii less than 1%. viral hepatitis, adenovirus, rubella, and herpes simplex are rare causes. only ebv produces classical heterophile-pos ... | 1978 | 217270 |
| csf viral antibodies. evaluation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and late-onset postpoliomyelitis progressive muscular atrophy. | serum and csf from 48 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and six patients with late-onset postpoliomyelitis progressive muscular atrophy were investigated for the presence of antibody to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, coxsackie viruses b3 and b4, influenza a, measles, rubella, mumps, herpes simplex types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster, and toxoplasma gondii. these results were compared with those from 53 control patients with neuromuscular disease matched for age, sex, race, ... | 1979 | 220938 |
| perinatal infections: prevention of long-term sequelae. | all the congenital infections and most of the natal and postnatally acquired infections of man are associated with disease of the central nervous system and long-term sequelae in the survivors. the most important perinatal pathogens in this regard are group b streptococcus, escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasma gondii and herpes simplex virus. all these agents are the subject of active and, in some instances, promising investigation. the strategies for prevent ... | 1979 | 233357 |
| [determination of umbilical cord blood ig and its correlation with prenatal infections (author's transl)]. | igg, igm and iga were measured in 120 funicular blood samples. at the same time, these determinations were assayed in the mothers. in the serum samples of the newborn, iga and igm were found to have levels over 20 mg/100 ml. antibodies against rubella virus, cytomegalus virus, listeria monocytogenes and toxoplasma gondii were measured in order to investigate a possible intrauterine infection. all ig determinations were performed through the radial immunodiffusion method. | 1979 | 233390 |
| prevalence of maternal and neonatal infections in a developing country: possible low-cost preventive measures. | the frequency and duration of infectious illnesses in 408 pregnant rural women and 417 poor urban infants in guatemala have been investigated, together with morbidity and mortality among the offspring of the rural women. rural women suffered high rates of infection during the gestation period. symptomatic illnesses, mainly acute respiratory infection and diarrhoeal disease, usually showed a higher incidence during the last months of pregnancy. significant bacteriuria was identified in 21% of the ... | 1979 | 261759 |
| the prevalence and epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in ontario. | the results of testing 7060 human serum specimens obtained in the province of ontario, canada, were analysed for the presence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. of these samples 38% were serologically positive at a titre of 1/16 or greater. the age-specific rates climbed from 2.7% in infants between 6 months and 1 year of age, to about 50% in individuals aged 25 years or over. variations in prevalence were noted between different areas within the province and evidence is put forward to show tha ... | 1977 | 265346 |
| [ultrastructure of parasitophore vacuoles containing toxoplasma gondii]. | | 1977 | 283476 |
| biological properties and clinical application of propolis. ii. studies on the antiprotozoan activity of ethanol extract of propolis. | solutions of the ethanol extract of propolis (eep) have shown a lethal effect on trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. similar lethal action was exhibited by eep after a 24-h contact with toxoplasma gondii. | 1977 | 302709 |
| studies on production of biologically active substance which inhibits the intracellular multiplication of toxoplasma within mouse macrophages. | in vitro assessments were carried out to study some biological aspects of immune lymphocytes producing a new lymphokine, called by the authors toxoplasma growth inhibitory factor (toxo-gif), which inhibits the intracellular multiplication of toxoplasma gondii within nonimmune mouse macrophages. concanavalin a and phytohemagglutinin-p were found to induce vigorous production of toxo-gif, whereas bacterial lipopolysaccharide did not. in vitro treatment of splenic lymphocytes with rabbit anti-mouse ... | 1977 | 303417 |
| a search for serum antibodies in adie's syndrome. | serum specimens from a large number of patients with adie's syndrome were checked for virus antibody levels: measles hemagglutination inhibition (hi), parainfluenza types i, ii and iii (hi), epstein-barr immunofluorescence, mumps complement fixation (cf), adenovirus (cf), varicella-zoster (cf), herpes simplex (cf), cytomegalovirus (cf), mycoplasma hominis (cf), toxoplasma gondii passive hemagglutination. these antibody levels were compared with specimens from a control group of similar age distr ... | 1977 | 304687 |
| types of cells involved in antigen-stimulated and spontaneous rosette formation with toxoplasma gondii. | antigen-binding cells were identified by using rosette formation of toxoplasma gondii and defined lymphoid populations under different experimental conditions. treatment of immunized spleen cell suspensions with anti-thy 1 serum plus complement inhibited 5 to 29% of the rosette-forming cells (rfc). higher numbers of thymus-derived lymphocyte-rfc were obtained after incubation at 4 degrees c and by the centrifugation method than by simple incubation at 20 degrees c. rfc were also observed with th ... | 1978 | 309488 |
| effects of 60co irradiation on virulent toxoplasma gondii and its use in experimental immunization. | the effects of 60co irradiation on the virulence and immunogenicity of the rh strain of toxoplasma gondii was studied by infecting batches of mice with graded inocula of tachyzoites that had been exposed to radiation doses ranging from 0 to 20 000 rad. while doses of 15 000 and 20 000 rads appeared to be effective, and 10 000 rad nearly effective in annulling the virulence, irradiation at 5000 rad was only partially effective in rendering the organisms avirulent and could achieve only a prolonga ... | 1979 | 313919 |
| depressed antibody responses to a thymus-dependent antigen in toxoplasmosis. | the immunodepressive effect of toxoplasma gondii infection in mice was studied, using sheep erythrocytes (srbc) as the testing antigen and serum hemagglutinins, hemolysins, and both direct and indirect splenic plaque-forming cells (pfc) to srbc as assays. in the primary antibody response, immunoglobulin m (igm), hemagglutinins, and hemolysins and both igm- and igg-secreting pfc were depressed in animals immunized after infection. maximum immunodepression occurred during the first 3 weeks of toxo ... | 1977 | 319057 |
| toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis: electron-microscopic and immunofluorescence studies of formalin-fixed tissue. | an 82-year-old white man had bilateral, chronic recurrent uveitis caused by toxoplasma gondii. in spite of extensive therapy for toxoplasmosis, the left eye became painful and blind and was enucleated. histopathologically, the retina disclosed unusually large numbers of necrotic cysts and a few presumably viable cysts containing crescent-shaped organisms and scanty free forms of t gondii. electron-microscopic studies confirmed the presence of a true wall of the cysts as well as additional ultras ... | 1977 | 319779 |
| diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis in experimentally infected rabbits by intradermal and immunofluorescence tests. | the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test was performed on serial blood samples from eight young new zealand white rabbits with experimental encephalitozoonosis. the test showed seroconversion in six of the eight infected rabbits by the 8th day after inoculation and in all rabbits by the 15th day. antibody titers reached a peak by about the 36th day after inoculation and remained significantly elevated until the termination of the experiment at 84 days after inoculation. none of four sham-in ... | 1977 | 323570 |
| tazonomy of toxoplasma. | after reviewing reports of the hosts, structure and life cycle of toxoplasma, the genus is placed in the apicomplexan family eimeriidae and the folllowing 7 species are recognized: toxoplasma gondii (nicolle & manceaux) (type species) from about 200 species of mammals and birds, with oocysts in felids; toxoplasma alencari (da costa & pereira) from the frog leptodactylus ocellatus; toxoplasma brumpti coutelen from the iguana iguana tuberculata; toxoplasma colubri tibaldi from the snakes coluber m ... | 1977 | 325203 |
| toxoplasmosis in greater victoria. | titres of antibody to toxoplasma gondii were determined in 596 inhabitants of greater victoria who were either patients at two hospitals or healthy volunteers. the survey included 404 women of childbearing age, 305 of whom had just given birth. the proportion of persons with antibody to t. gondii at a titre of 1:8 or greater as determined by a methylene blue dye test was 28%. titration of igm antibody specific to t. gondii by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, performed in the serum samples ... | 1977 | 334355 |
| [cerebrospinal toxoplasmosis: detection, clinical course and therapy]. | with modern techniques (membrane marking by indirect immunofluorescence and identification by morphological criteria) toxoplasma gondii can be reliably identified in the csf. identification of the causative agent confirms the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis of the meninges, the central nervous system and the nerve roots. toxoplasma encephalomyelitis associated with meningoradiculitis has hitherto only rarely been described. our own cases afford evidence of the fact that even in the most typical cases ... | 1977 | 335505 |
| investigation into the immunoglobulin class responsible for the polar staining of toxoplasma gondii in the fluorescent antibody test. | bipolar staining of the trophozoites of toxoplasma gondii has been observed with a number of sera from patients. it has been demonstrated that the serum factors involved are igm. the majority of sera demonstrating this phenomenon had raised nonspecific igm levels. | 1977 | 341602 |
| titration of human serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii with a simple fluorometric assay. | a new technique, fiax, has been evaluated for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. it is based on a "dipstick" principle, and a special fluorometer is used to perform the indirect immunofluorescence test. the procedure appears to be simple and rapid and merits consideration as a useful serological test for toxoplasmosis. | 1978 | 344343 |
| [basis for the interpretation of toxoplasmosis immunofluorescence serology]. | exact knowledge of the sensitivity and reproducibility of immunofluorescence serology is essential in interpreting antibody titers. comparison of titers from laboratory to laboratory is difficult, and the expression of titers in international units is worth attempting. 66% of bernese people over 20 years of age have fluorescent-reacting antibodies against toxoplasma gondii. | 1978 | 349680 |
| [toxoplasma gondii. infection and its prevention]. | | 1978 | 351357 |
| [toxoplasma infection of the liver (author's transl)]. | two months after a severe febrile attack a liver biopsy was performed in a 23 years old female patient with strongly elevated serological antibody levels of toxoplasma infection. the immunohistological investigation of the liver specimen showed the typical demonstration of toxoplasma gondii in the liver parenchyma. except a slightly elevated gamma-gt no signs of a "hepatitis" could be demonstrated. | 1978 | 359456 |
| [fluorescence-histology demonstration of toxoplasma gondii in sheep abortions]. | | 1978 | 363394 |
| effect of immunization of cats with isospora felis and bcg on immunity to reexcretion of toxoplasma gondii oocysts. | the effect of pretreatment with isospora felis and bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) on the reexcretion of toxoplasma gondii oocysts was studied in 16 coccidia-free cats. the following conclusions were drawn: (a) chronically t. gondii-infected cats reexcreted t. gondii oocysts after superinfection with i. felis, and this reexcretion was prevented in cats infected with i. felis before t. gondii infection. (b) administration of bcg before toxoplasma infection had no apparent effect on the outcome of ... | 1978 | 364044 |
| a comparison of cross protection between bcg, hammondia hammondi, besnoitia jellisoni and toxoplasma gondii in hamsters. | the effect of pretreatment with bcg strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis or hammondia hammondi 21 days before challenge with lethal doses of t oxoplasma gondii and besnoitia jellisoni was studied in hamsters. the results indicated that the intracardial administration of bcg provided no protection against either t. gondii or b. jellisoni. the hamsters immunized with h. hammondi survived challenge with 10(4) lethal doses of t. gondii but only 1 lethal dose with b. jellisoni, indicating strong cros ... | 1978 | 364045 |
| the prevalence of toxoplasma infection in southern iran. | to determine the prevalence of infection with toxoplasma gondii in the fars province of iran, sera from 300 patients hospitalised at the pahlavi university medical centre in shiraz were tested. there were 157 males and 143 females, with a mean age of 39 years (range 10--80 years). the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique was used and titres of 1:16 and above were considered positive. eighty eight patients of whom 50 were male and 38 female (mean age 41 years, range 14--80 years) had pos ... | 1978 | 366166 |
| [non-leukemic disease of the central nervous system in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. iii. subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (author's transl)]. | diseases of the central nervous system (cns) occurring during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) may be of leukemic or nonleukemic origin. well known examples for cns disease of nonleukemic origin are somnolence following prophylactic cns irradiation, methotrexate-induced encephalopathy and acute infections caused by bacteria, viruses and toxoplasma gondii. less known is the fact that also subacute cns infections may occur in patients undergoing cytostatic therapy. progressive multi ... | 1978 | 366390 |
| probable transmission of toxoplasma gondii by organ transplantation. | two heart transplant recipients developed toxoplasmosis shortly after surgery. as neither recipient had serologic evidence of exposure to toxoplasma gondii before transplantation, infection was acquired from an exogenous source. of the possible modes of transmission of toxoplasma to the recipients, infection by the oral route or through transfusion of blood or blood products seems remote. since both heart donors had serologic evidence of recently acquired toxoplasma infection at the time of tran ... | 1979 | 369424 |
| simplified chromatographic separation of immunoglobulin m from g and its application to toxoplasma indirect immunofluorescence. | the indirect immunofluorescent (iif) antibody technique for the detection of toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin m (igm) often gives false negative results, probably due to the competition between igg and igm. we therefore adapted a gel filtration procedure for the separation of igg and igm to a routine diagnostic test capable handling at least 10 sera per day and requiring only 50 microliters of serum. the results from 108 sera having positive complement fixation titers for toxoplasma showed that ... | 1979 | 372221 |
| a method to evaluate the capacity of monocytes and macrophages to inhibit multiplication of an intracellular pathogen. | a new method to assess intracellular inhibition of multiplication or killing by normal and activated mouse peritoneal macrophages, human peripheral blood monocytes, and human monocyte-derived macrophages is described. this method involves measurement of incorporation of [3h]uracil into nucleic acids of the obligate intracellular parasite toxoplasma gondii. the method utilizes the observation by pfefferkorn and pfefferkorn (1977) that [3h]uracil is incorporated in substantially greater amounts by ... | 1979 | 379229 |
| [toxoplasma gondii: indirect immunofluorescence diagnosis in swine in the state of são paulo, brazil]. | the frequency of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in apparently healthy swine from botucatu and from são paulo industrial abattoir was assessed through the indirect immunofluorescence test using blood smears collected in filter paper. 225 (22.5%) of the 1000 samples examined were reagent with titles varying between 1:20 and 1:640. | 1978 | 383046 |
| different appearance of parasitized erythrocytes in blood between normal and toxoplasma-infected rats after infection of plasmodium berghei. | when normal rats were infected with plasmodium berghei (pb), both igg and igm immunofluorescent antibody titers were found to rise in the 1st week with increase of parasitaemia. after reinoculation of p. berghei into pb-immune rats, igg titer was further increased remarkably, although no parasitaemia was observed. no elevation of igm titer was found. in rats infected with toxoplasma gondii (tg), igg and igm antibody activities were demonstrated in the 1st to the 3rd week postinfection but only i ... | 1979 | 388945 |
| fundamental studies on macrophage migration inhibitory factor(s) in the supernatant from spleen cells in mice infected with toxoplasma gondii. | when migration inhibitory factor (mif) assay in vitro was conducted on the lymphokines (lks), it was observed that the percentage of mif activity was greatly increased from the 3rd to the 4th week postinfection. on the succeeding weeks there was a noticeable decrease in the mif activity noted on the 8th week postinfection of toxoplasma. mif activity was examined at 1, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 48 hours in non-immune spleen cells as well as toxoplasma immune spleen cells in the 2nd week after the final c ... | 1979 | 388946 |
| propagation of toxoplasma gondii in suspension cultures of hela cells. | a novel method of toxoplasma gondii cultivation in suspension cultures has been introduced using silicone-coated glass vessels (working volume 100 ml). the cells were kept in suspension by a magnetic impeller at 75 rpm at a temperature of 37 degrees c. hela cells grown on mem with calf serum were used as host substrate. the hela cells were infected with zoites of toxoplasma gondii virulent p strain. after seven days the host cells were destroyed by the toxoplasmas and the number of zoites was up ... | 1979 | 393592 |
| prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in oregon. | sera from 95,929 pregnant women were screened for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii with the indirect hemagglutination test (iha) at a 1:64 dilution of the sera. an indirect fluorescent antibody-igm specific test (ifa-igm) was used on all sera found to have an iha titer of greater than or equal to 1:256. from august 1973 to december 1976, 8.1% of pregnant women had iha titers of greater than or equal to 1:64. in addition, 129 (18.4%) of 700 pregnant women with iha titers of greater than or equal t ... | 1979 | 393778 |
| [modes of entry of toxoplasma gondii trophozoites into normal mouse peritoneal macrophage and hela cell monolayers. a phase-contrast microcinematographic study (author's transl)]. | the mode of entry of living trophozoites of toxoplasma gondii (rh strain) into normal mouse peritoneal macrophage and hela cell monolayers was studied by phase-contrast microcinematography. the results have shown that toxoplasma can enter into macrophages either by phagocytosis (figs. 1 and 2) and/or by active penetration (fig. 3). only the latter process was observed with normally non-phagocytic hela cells (fig. 4). during this process the parasites actively moved towards the host-cells by flex ... | 1979 | 397691 |
| [etiological importance of toxoplasma gondii in chronic prurigo]. | | 1978 | 398917 |
| an evaluation of indirect immunofluorescence in the serological diagnosis of nosema cuniculi infection. | an indirect immunofluorescence test for serum antibodies to nosema cuniculi was evaluated in rabbits by comparison with established histopathological methods of diagnosis. cell-culture isolation procedures and immunofluorescence and histological techniques designed to detect the parasite in urine or tissues were used to confirm the diagnosis. the serological diagnosis showed excellent correlation with presence of brain lesions characteristic of nosematosis, and n cuniculi were detected in 63 per ... | 1977 | 402687 |
| cellular immunity to toxoplasma and besnoitia in hamsters: specificity and the effects of cortisol. | the inhibitory effects of cortisol on cellular immunity were studied in vitro by using hamster peritoneal exudate cells. two obligate, intracellular protozoa--toxoplasma gondii and besnoitia jellisoni-- were used to control for specificity of effects. results indicate that immune lymphocytes specifically confer immunity to (or "arm") macrophages that specifically express immunity. this arming can be inhibited by 5 microng of cortisol per ml. macrophages that have been armed already will continue ... | 1977 | 404250 |
| age-related decline in the resistance of mice to infection with intracellular pathogens. | resistance to infection with toxoplasma gondii and listeria monocytogenes in balb/c female mice decreased with increasing age. the decrease was apparent as early as 9 months of age and was more marked as the animals aged further. this age-related decline in resistance was not restricted to balb/c female mice, as male and female mice of the c57bl/6 strain exhibited similar responses. with both pathogens, aged mice showed a more marked susceptibility to the strain of lesser virulence. transfer of ... | 1977 | 405325 |
| cross-immunity between hammondia and toxoplasma infections in mice and hamsters. | cross-immunity between six strains of hammondia hammondi and the m-7741 strain of toxoplasma gondii was studied in mice and hamsters. mice and hamsters were inoculated orally with 10(5) h. hammondi oocysts. all mice and hamsters survived. four weeks later, they were challenged with 1 to 10(5) mean lethal doses (ld50) of the toxoplasma oocysts. animals that died were necropsied. survivors were killed 30 days after challenge inoculation, and the number of cysts in brain and musculature was determi ... | 1977 | 411757 |
| trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice chronically infected with toxoplasma gondii. | | 1977 | 412940 |
| toxoplasma gondii cysts in cell culture: new biologic evidence. | | 1977 | 412941 |
| cockroaches as vectors of sarcocystis muris and of other coccidia in the laboratory. | to assess the roles of the german cockroach (blatella germanica) and the american cockroach (periplaneta americana) in the transmission of sarcocystis muris and of 3 other coccidia of cats-toxoplasma gondii, isospora felis, and isospora rivolta, cockroaches exposed to feces containing these coccidia were periodically fed to mice, as was a portion of the fecal matter. sarcocystis muris sporocysts, which in feces remained infectious for at least 20 days, were also transmitted to mice by p. america ... | 1978 | 417163 |
| increased toxoplasma antibodies in idiopathic inflammatory muscle disease. a case-controlled study. | antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were measured in sera from 69 patients with polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and myositis associated with other connective tissue diseases and compared to 69 age-, race-, and sex-matched controls with unrelated diseases. complement fixation toxoplasma antibodies were significantly more frequent in polymyositis and correlated with high igm levels. other distinguishing clinical or laboratory features of these patients were not found. the high toxoplasma antibodies wer ... | 1979 | 420715 |
| porcine toxoplasmosis in indiana. | toxoplasmosis was diagnosed at necropsy in a 4-week-old pig from a litter of 16 born to a clinically normal sow. multifocal acute necrosis of blood vessels and parenchyma was found in the small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain. numerous tachyzoites, ultrastructurally indistinguishable from toxoplasma gondii, were found in lesions. the affected pig and seven other littermates died after diarrhea had developed within 1 to 2 weeks of birth. the most likely source of infect ... | 1979 | 422464 |
| toxoplasma gondii antibodies in california swine. | in a serologic survey for toxoplasma gondii in 891 swine from 20 california counties, 478 (54%) were seronegative, 153 (17%) were nonspecific reactors, and 260 (29%) were seropositive. most of the titers (81%) were low, ie, from 1:64 to 1:128, but a few (2%) were high, ie, 1:1024 or greater. | 1979 | 422465 |
| studies of macrophage function during trichinella spiralis infection in mice. | studies were made to investigate the quantitative and functional changes which occur in peritoneal macrophage populations obtained from mice infected orally with trichinella spiralis larvae. c57bl/6 mice infected with t. spiralis larvae became parasitized with adult worms which were rejected from the intestine from 14 to 20 days after infection. infected mice developed a striking increase in peritoneal exudate cells, composed largely of macrophages, which was maximal at from 16 to 18 days after ... | 1979 | 437839 |
| cerebral toxoplasmosis in the adult. | we report a case of cerebral toxoplasmosis in an adult patient. the diagnosis was established by demonstration of toxoplasma gondii in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the patient was evaluated by computed tomography. | 1979 | 438386 |
| [role of toxoplasma gondii in human and animal chromosomal pathology]. | toxoplasma gondii was found to cause an appearance of cells with a changed number of chromosomes in the bone marrow of infected white rats. besides the increase of aneuploid and polyploid cells the infection with toxoplasms inhibits the mitotic activity in bone marrow of rats. the similar changes were observed in blood leucocytes of toxoplasmosis patients. | 1979 | 440780 |
| density gradient centrifugation for separation of different stages of toxoplasma gondii. | suitable procedures for separation of various stages of toxoplasma gondii by density gradient centrifugation have been delineated using peritoneal exudate of infected mouse as a model. separation from host cells was effected by gradient centrifugation at 450 g for 30 minutes. using ficoll, dextran and sucrose, average parasite recoveries by pooling up to and including the peak fraction of 73.65%, 66.18% and 65.68% respectively were obtained. toxoplasma trophozoites peaked at density of 1.040 g/m ... | 1979 | 447130 |
| kinetics of the growth of toxoplasma gondii (rh strain) in mice. | | 1979 | 447444 |