| structure of trichomonads as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. | a scanning electron microscope (sem) study of hypotrichomonas acosta (moskowitz), trichomonas vaginalis donné, pentatrichomonas hominis (davaine), and tritrichomonas foetus (riedmüller) provided new information about the structure of the periflagellar canal; emergence of the flagella from the cell body; structure of the undulating membrane; and position, shape, and size of the pelta. of special interest were the spatial relationships of the attached part of the recurrent flagellum and the access ... | 1979 | 314517 |
| cloning and characterization of a repetitive dna sequence specific for trichomonas vaginalis. | a family of 650-bp-long repeats from the trichomonas vaginalis genome, designated the tv-e650 family, was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence is a+t-rich (73.3% a+t in the consensus sequence) and highly conserved among the 8 molecular clones analyzed. the differences among the clones are single-nucleotide and 2-nucleotide substitutions and insertions or deletions. the sequence uniformity of the clones as well as the presence of identical mutations in different clones suggest that effic ... | 1992 | 1435862 |
| molecular probe for identification of trichomonas vaginalis dna. | trichomoniasis is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted diseases in the world. diagnosis can be achieved by several methods, such as direct microscopic observation of vaginal discharge, cell culture, and immunological techniques. a 2.3-kb trichomonas vaginalis dna fragment present in strains from diverse geographic areas was cloned and used as a probe to detect t. vaginalis dna in vaginal discharge by a dot blot hybridization technique. this probe was specific for t. vaginalis dna. it ... | 1991 | 1890171 |
| [pentatrichomonas hominis from beagle dogs--detection method, characteristics and route of infection]. | pentatrichomonas sp. from the feces of beagles was cultured axenically, and identified as p. hominis. the culture medium used was slightly modified diamond's medium supplemented with chicken liver extract and rifampicin. based upon good proliferation after inoculating only a few organisms in this medium, a fecal examination method employing cultivation was developed. resistance of the trichomonad against disinfectants and metronidazole was tested, and it was found that the protozoan was rather s ... | 1990 | 2361520 |
| immunoglobulin m-dependent classical complement pathway activation in killing of pentatrichomonas hominis. | complement pathway activity in the killing of pentatrichomonas hominis was investigated in this study. at 10(5) organisms per ml, p. hominis was completely killed by the presence of 1% normal human serum. in contrast, no killing effect on p. hominis was observed when specific antibodies were absorbed or when the complement was destroyed. moreover, mg2+-ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid-treated serum had no killing effect on p. hominis, while serum heated at 5 ... | 1989 | 2917791 |
| basic properties of tritrichomonas mobilensis hemagglutinin. | tritrichomonas mobilensis is a recently described enteric protozoon of squirrel monkeys. an earlier report identified one of the metabolic products of this organism as a lectinlike hemagglutinin. its further properties were determined in this study. culture supernatants of t. mobilensis fp4190 were concentrated by ultrafiltration through a membrane with 100,000-molecular-weight cutoff. high titers of agglutinin against human erythrocytes were obtained. incubation at 70 degrees c for 15 min resul ... | 1988 | 3170709 |
| intestinal parasites in the camiri, gutierrez and boyuibe areas, santa cruz department, bolivia. | a parasitological study was carried out on 381 apparently healthy subjects from camiri, boyuibe, gutierrez. intestinal parasites and non-pathogenic protozoa were present in 78.7% of the population sampled; multiple infections were observed in 67.7% of the parasitized individuals. the protozoon most commonly found was entamoeba coli (in 40.7% of specimens), followed by giardia intestinalis (30.7%), iodamoeba bütschlii (10%), chilomastix mesnili (8.7%). other protozoon parasites also present were ... | 1988 | 3271990 |
| multiple loop purification method for selective cultivation of pentatrichomonas hominis. | it is always troublesome having protozoan cultures contaminated with other organisms in the laboratory. the method described here produces high efficiencies of purification for fast moving flagellate protozoa. a human strain pentatrichomonas hominis was employed in the study to examine the effects of multiple loop tubes on the purification of flagellates. trichomonads were harvested from a trypticase yeast extract iron-serum-33 (tyi-s-33) medium, adjusted to 2 x 10(5) organisms/ml, and mixed wit ... | 1987 | 3295920 |
| the use of a highly sensitive electrophoretic method to compare the proteinases of trichomonads. | a highly sensitive electrophoretic method involving gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels has been used to analyse trichomonad proteinases. multiple forms, optimally active at ph 5-6, were present in all four species examined, but the species could be distinguished from one another by both quantitative and qualitative differences. the intestinal parasites, trichomitus batrachorum and pentatrichomonas hominis, had lower specific activities than the urogenital parasites, trichomonas vaginalis and ... | 1987 | 3302703 |
| pentatrichomonas hominis: purine salvage pathway. | 1. pentatrichomonas hominis was found incapable of de novo synthesis of purines. 2. pentatrichomonas hominis can salvage adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, adenosine, guanosine and inosine, but not xanthine for the synthesis of nucleotides. 3. hplc tracing of radiolabelled purines or purine nucleosides revealed that adenine, adenosine and hypoxanthine are incorporated into adenine nucleotides and imp through a similar channel while guanine and guanosine are salvaged into guanine nucleotides via ano ... | 1988 | 3409669 |
| genetic differentiation and biochemical polymorphism among trichomonads. | isoenzyme electrophoresis was used to study levels of genetic differentiation among strains and clones of trichomonas gallinae, trichomonas vaginalis, tritrichomonas foetus, tetratrichomonas gallinarum, and pentatrichomonas hominis. strain variation was found within t. gallinae, t. vaginalis, and t. foetus, however, levels of enzyme polymorphism were greater in t. gallinae than in t. vaginalis or t. foetus. isoenzyme genotypes were not a stable property of t. gallinae clones cultivated in vitro. ... | 1988 | 3418458 |
| l-methionine catabolism in trichomonads. | trichomonas vaginalis growing in complex medium produced volatile thiols at a rate of 0.7 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1 and the parasite suspended in pbs with l-methionine excreted volatile thiols, including methanethiol, and alpha-keto acid. cell-free extracts of the parasite also produced volatile thiols from l-methionine, at the rate of 5.4 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1. thiol production was not detectable with living cells or cell-free extracts of tritrichomonas foetus, trichomitus batrachorum or pe ... | 1987 | 3496535 |
| electrophoretic analysis of soluble proteins and esterase, superoxide dismutase and acid phosphatase isoenzymes of members of the protozoan family trichomonadidae. | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to compare the proteins and isoenzymes of esterase, superoxide dismutase, and acid phosphatase in soluble, whole-cell extracts of four strains of trichomonas vaginalis, two strains of trichomonas gallinae, and one strain each of tritrichomonas foetus, tritrichomonas augusta, tetratrichomonas gallinarum, and pentatrichomonas hominis. intraspecific, interspecific, and intergeneric differences were found in protein and isoenzyme profiles. at least four to ... | 1985 | 4017542 |
| intestinal parasites in kampuchea, takeo province. | fresh stool samples obtained from 1407 adult patients who sought treatment in takeo province hospital and 332 takeo preschool and school-age children from 3 to 18 years of age were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites using the technique of native preparation and the flotation method of faust with subsequent staining with lugol solution to demonstrate cysts. in hospital patients, a total of 13 protozoan and 9 helminth species were diagnosed. the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica ( ... | 1985 | 4086816 |
| structure of pentatrichomonas hominis (davaine) as revealed by electron microscopy. | | 1968 | 5703074 |
| isoenzyme characterisation of trichomonas vaginalis. | clones of 32 strains of trichomonas vaginalis isolated from patients attending a venereal diseases clinic were compared among themselves and with authentic pentatrichomonas hominis on the basis of their isoenzyme patterns for eight enzymes by thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis. the enzymes examined were: glucose phosphate isomerase (gpi); phosphoglucomutase (pgm); malic enzyme (nadp+) (me); hexokinase (hk); malate dehydrogenase (nad+) (mdh); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd); aldolase ... | 1982 | 6980685 |
| antibody to trichomonas vaginalis in human cervicovaginal secretions. | human cervicovaginal secretions were obtained from patients at the gynecology and obstetrics clinics at national taiwan university hospital and cathay general hospital, republic of china. among the 500 patients examined, 33 (6.6%) were infected with trichomonas vaginalis as determined by the culture method. secretions from 24 of the infected patients and 30 noninfected women were assayed for anti-t. vaginalis immunoglobulins by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. a few serum sampl ... | 1982 | 6982231 |
| the prevalence of giardia and other intestinal parasites in children, dogs and cats from aboriginal communities in the kimberley. | to determine the prevalence of giardia duodenalis and other intestinal parasites in children, dogs and cats from aboriginal communities in the west kimberley region of western australia. | 1993 | 8450779 |
| colorimetric one-tube nested pcr for detection of trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal discharge. | a colorimetric one-tube nested pcr was developed for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis in clinical vaginal discharge specimens. a family of 650-bp specific dna repeats from the t. vaginalis genome was targeted. there was no cross-reaction with human dna or other infectious agents, including pentatrichomonas hominis and giardia lamblia. the colorimetric assay was applied as an adjunct to nested pcr for semiquantitative determination of t. vaginalis dna at levels corresponding to 1 to 1,000 p ... | 1997 | 8968894 |
| one-tube, nested-pcr assay for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal discharges. | to shorten the time and improve the accuracy of diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis, a novel, one-tube, nested pcr, which targets a family of 650-bp specific dna repeats from the trichomonas vaginalis genome, has been developed. samples were prepared by a rapid boiling method and the pcr products analysed by gel electrophoresis. a 290-bp dna fragment was observed in all positive cases. no cross-reaction with any other pathogens, including the pentatrichomonas hominis and giardia lamblia used as ... | 1997 | 9093430 |
| evidence for the presence of a resistant form in pentatrichomonas hominis (davaine, 1860) wenrich, 1931 (trichomonadida: trichomonadidae). | | 1989 | 9709795 |
| comparative sequence analysis of 5.8s rrna genes and internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of trichomonadid protozoa. | the taxonomic situation in the genus tritrichomonas is the subject of controversial discussion: potentially t. foetus and t. suis, the tritrichomonads from cattle and swine, respectively, could belong to the same species. in order to shed some light on this question, a molecular biological analysis was performed. the 5.8s rrna gene and the flanking internal transcribed spacer regions (its1 and its2) of 12 different isolates of 3 tritrichomonas species t. foetus, t. suis and t. mobilensis were en ... | 1997 | 10190167 |
| molecular phylogeny of parabasalids based on small subunit rrna sequences, with emphasis on the trichomonadinae subfamily. | we determined small subunit ribosomal dna sequences from three parabasalid species, trichomitus batrachorum strain r105, tetratrichomonas gallinarum, and pentatrichomonas hominis belonging to the trichomonadinae subfamily. unrooted molecular phylogenetic trees inferred by distance, parsimony, and likelihood methods reveal four discrete clades among the parabasalids. the trichomonadinae form a robust monophyletic group. within this subfamily t. gallinarum is closely related to trichomonas species ... | 2000 | 10651299 |
| pentatrichomonas hominis infection in four kittens. | four purebred domestic cats examined because of diarrhea were found to have pentatrichomonas hominis, a rarely reported trichomonad parasite, in their feces. treatment with a combination of metronidazole and enrofloxacin tended to improve consistency of the feces, whereas treatment with metronidazole alone reduced the number of p hominis trophozoites in fecal smears but did not necessarily result in an improvement in clinical signs. two cats were euthanatized. necropsy revealed lymphoplasmacytic ... | 2000 | 10767968 |
| pentatrichomonas hominis in empyema thoracis. | | 2000 | 10897364 |
| phylogenetic relationships of class ii fumarase genes from trichomonad species. | class ii fumarase sequences were obtained by polymerase chain reaction from five trichomonad species. all residues known to be highly conserved in this enzyme were present. nuclear run-on assays showed that one of the two genes identified in tritrichomonas foetus was expressed, whereas no fumarase transcripts were detected in the related species trichomonas vaginalis. these findings corroborate previous biochemical data. fumarase genes were also expressed in monocercomonas sp. and tetratrichomon ... | 2001 | 11470849 |
| single-tube nested pcr for detection of tritrichomonas foetus in feline feces. | tritrichomonas foetus, a venereal pathogen of cattle, was recently identified as an inhabitant of the large intestine in young domestic cats with chronic diarrhea. recognition of the infection in cats has been mired by unfamiliarity with t. foetus in cats as well as misdiagnosis of the organisms as pentatrichomonas hominis or giardia sp. when visualized by light microscopy. the diagnosis of t. foetus presently depends on the demonstration of live organisms by direct microscopic examination of fr ... | 2002 | 12409385 |
| comparison of the 5.8s rrna gene and internal transcribed spacer regions of trichomonadid protozoa recovered from the bovine preputial cavity. | sequence analysis of the 5.8s rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacer regions (itsrs) was used to compare trichomonadid protozoa (n = 39) of varying morphologies isolated from the bovine preputial cavity. a multiple sequence alignment was performed with bovine isolate sequences and other trichomonadid protozoa sequences available in genbank. as a group, tritrichomonasfoetus isolates (n = 7) had nearly complete homology. a similarity matrix showed low homology between the t. foetus isolates ... | 2003 | 12580289 |
| tritrichomonas foetus and not pentatrichomonas hominis is the etiologic agent of feline trichomonal diarrhea. | recently, several investigators have reported large-bowel diarrhea in cats associated with intestinal trichomonad parasites. these reports have presumptively identified the flagellates as pentatrichomonas hominis, a n organism putatively capable of infecting the intestinal tracts of a number of mammalian hosts, including cats, dogs, and man. the purpose of the present study was to determine the identity of this recently recognized flagellate by means of rrna gene sequence analysis; restriction e ... | 2003 | 12659310 |
| use of a commercially available culture system for diagnosis of tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats. | to evaluate the efficacy of and optimize a commercially available culture system for sensitive and specific in-clinic culture of tritrichomonas foetus from cat feces. | 2003 | 12762381 |
| identification of trichomonadid protozoa from the bovine preputial cavity by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism typing. | accurate identification of the bovine pathogen tritrichomonas foetus is sometimes complicated by the presence of other trichomonadid protozoa in clinical samples. a highly specific and reproducible approach for differentiating 3 common types of bovine trichomonadid protozoa found in the bovine preputial cavity, t. foetus, pentatrichomonas hominis, and a tetratrichomonas species, was developed using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. univ ... | 2003 | 12918825 |
| cryopreservation of protozoan parasites. | conventional methods for the propagation and preservation of parasites in vivo or in vitro have some limitations, including the need for labor, initial isolation and loss of strains, bacterial, and fungal contamination, and changes in the original biological and metabolic characteristics. all these disadvantages are considerably reduced by cryopreservation. in this study, we examined the effects of various freezing conditions on the survival of several protozoan parasites after cryopreservation. ... | 2004 | 14969677 |
| detection of pentatrichomonas hominis dna in biological specimens by pcr. | to develop a sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pentatrichomonas hominis in biological specimens. | 2004 | 15130148 |
| trichomonas vaginalis adherence mediates differential gene expression in human vaginal epithelial cells. | trichomonas vaginalis, an ancient protist, colonizes the vaginal mucosa causing trichomonosis, a vaginitis that sometimes leads to severe health complications. preparatory to colonization of the vagina is the adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells (vecs) by trichomonads. we hypothesized that vecs alter the gene expression to form a complex signalling cascade in response to trichomonal adherence. in order to identify the genes that are upregulated, we constructed a subtraction cdna library after co ... | 2005 | 15888089 |
| lack of evidence for the involvement of rectal and oral trichomonads in the aetiology of vaginal trichomoniasis in ghana. | to investigate the possible involvement of human trichomonads (pentatrichomonas hominis and trichomonas tenax) other than trichomonas vaginalis in the aetiology of vaginal trichomoniasis. | 2007 | 16790560 |
| molecular characterization of trichomonads from feces of dogs with diarrhea. | trichomonads are occasionally observed in the feces of dogs with diarrhea. on the basis of superficial morphological appearance, these infections have been attributed to opportunistic overgrowth of the commensal, pentatrichomonas hominis. however, molecular characterization of canine trichomonads has never been reported. this study was performed to determine, by means of rrna gene sequence analysis, the identity of trichomonads observed in feces from dogs with diarrhea. total dna was isolated fr ... | 2005 | 17089769 |
| identification of pentatrichomonas hominis in feline fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction assay. | pentatrichomonas hominis is considered to be a commensal protozoan of the vertebrate digestive tract. on the basis of light microscopic examination of feces, some investigators presumptively identified p. hominis as a causative agent of feline diarrhea. however, molecular identification of p. hominis infection in the cat has not been reported. another trichomonad, tritrichomonas foetus, is recognized as an intestinal pathogen in cats and often presumptively diagnosed on the basis of the presence ... | 2007 | 17127004 |
| morphological and molecular identification of non-tritrichomonas foetus trichomonad protozoa from the bovine preputial cavity. | tritrichomonas foetus is the causative agent of bovine trichomonosis. this protozoan is found in the preputial cavity of bulls and is transmitted to cows during coitus. currently, the diagnosis of this parasite is based on microscopic examination of preputial washings or scrapings, but it was recently recognized that other trichomonads similar in size, shape, and motility to t. foetus can be present in preputial samples. despite the serious consequences of an incorrect diagnosis for bovine trich ... | 2007 | 17403157 |
| optimization of a species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of pentatrichomonas hominis in canine fecal specimens. | to determine the optimum reaction conditions and detection limits of pcr assay for identification of pentatrichomonas hominis in dna extracted from canine feces. | 2007 | 17605615 |
| tetratrichomonas spp. and pentatrichomonas hominis are not persistently detectable after intravaginal inoculation of estrous heifers. | virgin heifers (44) were intravaginally inoculated at estrus with low (10(6)) or high (10(8)) doses of live tetratrichomonas sp., pentatrichomonas hominis (p. hominis), or tritrichomonas foetus (t. foetus). controls were inoculated with diamond's trypticase yeast extract maltose media. genital infection was determined by culture of cervico-vaginal mucus (cvm) in schneider's media and inpouch tf as well as by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr/rflp). the prese ... | 2007 | 17950533 |
| comparative histopathology and antibody responses of non-tritrichomonas foetus trichomonad and tritrichomonas foetus genital infections in virgin heifers. | the potential pathogenicity of non-tritrichomonas foetus trichomonads (ntfts) recently isolated from the prepuce of virgin bulls is not known. the purpose of this study was to determine the ability of these ntfts to cause disease in the female reproductive tract relative to t. foetus. forty-four virgin heifers were experimentally infected intravaginally with either one of two ntfts (pentatrichomonas hominis or tetratrichomonas spp.), t. foetus, or sterile media and cultured weekly from 0 time un ... | 2008 | 18078717 |
| detection of trichomonad species in the reproductive tracts of breeding and virgin bulls. | trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease of cattle and a large bowel diarrheal disease of cats caused by tritrichomonas foetus. recently, other species of trichomonads have been identified from the prepuce of virgin bulls. it is not clear whether these non-t. foetus isolates are common (nor) or is it clear whether they are also present on the prepuce of breeding bulls. to answer these questions, we first developed an immunofluorescent assay (ifa) with t. foetus-specific monoclonal antibo ... | 2008 | 18450382 |
| [prevalence of intestinal canine and feline parasites in saitama prefecture, japan]. | we studied the prevalence of intestinal parasites in animal companions in saitama prefecture, japan, where no detailed data is currently available. between may 1999 and december 2007, fecal samples were collected from 906 dogs and 1,079 cats in public animal shelters and examined by microscopy. overall, prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs was 38.6% and cats 43.1%. trichuris vulpis was the most prevalent canine parasite species (22.3%), followed by toxocara canis (12.5%), ancylostoma canin ... | 2009 | 19522305 |
| trichomonas vaginalis is highly prevalent in adolescent girls, pregnant women, and commercial sex workers in ndola, zambia. | objectives:: the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of trichomonas sp. infection among adolescent girls, pregnant women, and commercial sex workers in ndola, zambia. methods:: a cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 girls attending school, 307 pregnant women, and 197 commercial sex workers. self-collected specimens from the vagina, rectum, and mouth were tested by polymerase chain amplification assays for the presence of trichomonas vaginalis, pentatrichomonas hominis, and tri ... | 2009 | 19940808 |
| pcr detection and molecular characterization of pentatrichomonas hominis from feces of dogs with diarrhea in the republic of korea. | pentatrichomonas hominis is considered a commensal protozoan in the large intestine of a number of mammalian hosts, such as cats, dogs, and non-human primates. the resulting infections, which can induce diarrhea, have been attributed to opportunistic overgrowth of p. hominis. this study was performed to confirm the p. hominis infection and its molecular characterization from the feces of puppies with diarrhea. fecal samples were obtained from 14 german shepherd puppies with diarrhea over 1 week ... | 2010 | 20333280 |
| design and validation of an oligonucleotide probe for the detection of protozoa from the order trichomonadida using chromogenic in situ hybridization. | infections with protozoal parasites of the order trichomonadida are often observed in veterinary medicine. based on the trichomonad species involved these infections are either asymptomatic or can lead to sometimes serious disease. to further study protozoal agents of the order trichomonadida the establishment of a method to detect trichomonads directly in the tissue, allowing parasite-lesion correlation, is necessary. here we describe the design and evaluation of an oligonucleotide probe for ch ... | 2010 | 20395049 |
| molecular identification of pentatrichomonas hominis in two patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. | | 2011 | 21551465 |
| rare case of trichomonal peritonitis. | to the editor: trichomonads are flagellated protozoa with several species capable of infecting or colonizing humans. the most common, trichomonas vaginalis, causes genitourinary infection in adults and, rarely, respiratory infections in premature neonates of infected mothers. pentatrichomonas hominis has been isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract, and trichomonas tenax, a human oropharynx commensal, has caused empyema in immunocompomised persons. rare cases of human peritonitis caused b ... | 2011 | 21762600 |
| identification of putative mirnas from the deep-branching unicellular flagellates. | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of extensively studied rnai-associated small rnas that play a critical role in eukaryotic gene regulation. however, knowledge on the mirna and its regulation in unicellular eukaryotes is very limited. in order to obtain a better understanding on the origin of mirna regulation system, we used deep-sequencing technology to investigate the mirna expression pattern in four deep-branching unicellular flagellates: giardia lamblia, trichomonas vaginalis, tritrichomonas fo ... | 2011 | 22120185 |
| intestinal tritrichomonas suis (= t. foetus) infection in japanese cats. | tritrichomonas suis (=t. foetus) has recently been reported to be a causative agent of chronic large-bowel diarrhea in cats. while the disease was previously attributed to pentatrichomonas hominis, the etiologic agent for feline trichomonal diarrhea was identified as t. suis. although feline trichomonosis due to t. suis has been reported at prevalences ranging from 14 to 31% in europe and the us, no reports of the pathogen have been published to date in japan. in 2008, however, we encountered a ... | 2011 | 22104396 |
| Detection of Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in intestinal tissue specimens of cats by chromogenic in situ hybridization. | In this retrospective study 102 cats were analyzed for the presence of trichomonads in intestinal tissue sections using chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Two intestinal trichomonad species are described in cats: Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus. While P. hominis is considered a mere commensal, T. foetus has been found to be the causative agent of feline large-bowel diarrhea. For the detection of both agents within intestinal tissue CISH assays using three different prob ... | 2012 | 21856079 |
| species identification of trichomonads and associated coinfections in dogs with diarrhea and suspected trichomonosis. | trichomonads have been infrequently reported in the feces of dogs where their pathogenicity remains uncertain. it is currently unknown whether tritrichomonas foetus or pentatrichomonas hominis is identified more commonly in dogs with trichomonosis or how often these infections are accompanied by concurrent enteric infectious agents. the objective of this study was to determine the identity of trichomonads present in a series of 38 unsolicited canine diarrheic fecal samples submitted for t. foetu ... | 2011 | 22264747 |
| loop mediated isothermal amplification of 5.8s rdna for specific detection of tritrichomonas foetus. | tritrichomonas foetus is the causative agent of bovine trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease leading to infertility and abortion. a test based on loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) targeting the 5.8s rdna subunit was designed for the specific identification of t. foetus. the lamp assay was validated using 28 t. foetus and 35 non-t. foetus trichomonads strains. it did not exhibit cross-reaction with closely related parasites commonly found in smegma cultures like tetratrichomon ... | 2012 | 23265811 |
| new hosts of simplicimonas similis and trichomitus batrachorum identified by 18s ribosomal rna gene sequences. | trichomonads are obligate anaerobes generally found in the digestive and genitourinary tract of domestic animals. in this study, four trichomonad isolates were obtained from carabao, dog, and pig hosts using rectal swab. genomic dna was extracted using chelex method and the 18s rrna gene was successfully amplified through novel sets of primers and undergone dna sequencing. aligned isolate sequences together with retrieved 18s rrna gene sequences of known trichomonads were utilized to generate ph ... | 2013 | 23936631 |
| [detection of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar by pcr in children, less than five years of age with diarrhea, in maracaibo, venezuela. a preliminary study]. | to determine the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica as a producer of diarrhea, a study was conducted in children, less than five years of age, with diarrhea who attended several out patient clinics of the servicio aut6nomo hospital universitario, maracaibo, venezuela. a macroscopic and microscopic examination with physiological saline, lugol and kinyoun staining were performed to the stool samples obtained. the remainder of the sample was frozen until dna extraction, and pcr amplification was p ... | 2013 | 24502179 |
| intestinal parasitic infections and anaemia among pregnant women in the highlands of papua new guinea. | this study determined the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associations with risk factors among pregnant women in their second or third trimester in goroka, eastern highlands province, papua new guinea. among the 201 pregnant women enrolled in this study, 163 (81%) were infected with one or more intestinal parasites. infections with protozoan parasites (65%) were more prevalent than infections with nematodes (31%); protozoan infections included entamoeba histolytica (43%), giard ... | 2015 | 26288929 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the rapid detection of the sexually-transmitted parasite, trichomonas vaginalis. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed to detect the sexually-transmitted parasite, trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swabs. the presence of t. vaginalis was detected from 121 female sex workers attending a social hygiene clinic in balibago, angeles city, pampanga, philippines using culture, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and the developed lamp assay. the high analytical sensitivity of lamp detected a higher prevalence of t. vaginalis (42.06%) compared to culture (8 ... | 2016 | 27262954 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of trichomonas vaginalis. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay targeting the 2-kbp repeated dna species-specific sequence was developed for detection of trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of trichomoniasis. the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the lamp assay were evaluated using pooled genital swab and urine specimens, respectively, spiked with t. vaginalis trophozoites. genital secretion and urine did not inhibit the detection of the parasite. the sensitivity of the lamp was 10-1000 tim ... | 2014 | 24792836 |
| pcr amplification and dna sequence analysis of parasitic intestinal protozoa in specimens stained with chlorazol black e. | chlorazol black e (cbe) stain has been used for the detection and identification of intestinal parasitic protozoa. in recent years, genotyping of protozoa has been performed to examine pathogenicity and for epidemiologic analysis. in this study, protozoan dna was amplified from preserved human fecal specimens stained with cbe that were positive for giardia intestinalis (syn. g. lamblia and g. duodenalis), chilomastix mesnili, pentatrichomonas hominis, and entamoeba histolytica. dna was amplified ... | 2013 | 23666647 |
| prevalence, risk factors of infection and molecular characterization of trichomonads in puppies from french breeding kennels. | the trichomonad species tritrichomonas fetus and pentatrichomonas hominis were recently identified in the feces of dogs with diarrhea. however the prevalence and pathogenicity of these parasites in the canine population still remained poorly resolved. therefore the aim of the present study was (1) to determine the prevalence of trichomonads infecting puppies living in french breeding kennels, (2) to confirm the predominance of p. hominis in dogs, (3) to investigate the genetic diversity of p. ho ... | 2013 | 23993636 |
| what is the importance of zoonotic trichomonads for human health? | trichomonads are common parasites of many vertebrate and invertebrate species, with four species classically recognized as human parasites: dientamoeba fragilis, pentatrichomonas hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, and trichomonas tenax. the latter two species are considered human-specific; by contrast, d. fragilis and p. hominis have been isolated from domestic and farm mammals, demonstrating a wide host range and potential zoonotic origin. several new studies have highlighted the zoonotic dimensio ... | 2014 | 24951156 |
| molecular characterization of various trichomonad species isolated from humans and related mammals in indonesia. | trichomonad species inhabit a variety of vertebrate hosts; however, their potential zoonotic transmission has not been clearly addressed, especially with regard to human infection. twenty-one strains of trichomonads isolated from humans (5 isolates), pigs (6 isolates), rodents (6 isolates), a water buffalo (1 isolate), a cow (1 isolate), a goat (1 isolate), and a dog (1 isolate) were collected in indonesia and molecularly characterized. the dna sequences of the partial 18s small subunit ribosoma ... | 2014 | 25352694 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of intestinal trichomonads in pet dogs in east china. | the trichomonad species tritrichomonas foetus and pentatrichomonas hominis were recently detected in the feces of dogs with diarrhea. however, little information is available on the prevalence and pathogenicity of these parasites in the canine population. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of trichomonads infecting pet dogs in anhui and zhejiang provinces, east china. in total, 315 pet dogs, with or without diarrhea, from 7 pet hospita ... | 2016 | 28095654 |
| responding to a zoonotic emergency with multi-omics research: pentatrichomonas hominis hydrogenosomal protein characterization with use of rna sequencing and proteomics. | pentatrichomonas hominis is an anaerobic flagellated protist that colonizes the large intestine of a number of mammals, including cats, dogs, nonhuman primates, and humans. the wide host range of this organism is alarming and suggests a rising zoonotic emergency. however, knowledge on in-depth biology of this protist is still limited. similar to the human pathogen, trichomonas vaginalis, p. hominis possesses hydrogenosomes instead of mitochondria. studies in t. vaginalis indicated that hydrogeno ... | 2016 | 27828770 |
| detection of pentatrichomonas hominis in dogs using real-time pcr. | trichomonadidae family is a protozoan occurring in different animal species. it inhabits the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. p. hominis is rarely found in faecal samples of dogs, and its identification and differentiation from other trichomonads by light microscopy are difficult. methods of molecular biology are the most effective in this case, because they confirm the presence of the specific species in animal organisms, irrespective of the protozoan form. the aim of this study was to find ... | 2015 | 26812819 |
| pentatrichomonas hominis: prevalence and molecular characterization in humans, dogs, and monkeys in northern china. | pentatrichomonas hominis is an anaerobic amitochondrial flagellated protist that primarily colonizes the large intestines of a number of species, including cats, dogs, nonhuman primates, and humans. the prevalence of this parasite in dogs, monkeys, and humans is, however, poorly understood. in this study, a total of 362 fecal samples including 252 dogs, 60 monkeys, and 50 humans from northern china were collected for an epidemiological survey of p. hominis infection.the average prevalence of p. ... | 2016 | 26481488 |
| pentatrichomonas hominis in laboratory-bred common marmosets. | trichomonadid protozoa have been found in the intestinal tracts of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). however, there is little information available on species identification and the pathogenicity of these trichomonads. in this study, we conducted a fecal survey of a common marmoset colony maintained as laboratory animals in japan and identified the trichomonad species. screening using a fecal smear examination revealed that 66% (58/88) of the marmosets had trichomonadid trophozoites in thei ... | 2015 | 26156572 |
| the prevalence of intestinal trichomonads in chinese pigs. | intestinal infection of pigs with trichomonads, (tritrichomonas suis, tetratrichomonas buttreyi, and pentatrichomonas hominis) has been reported in many countries, such as the philippines, belgium, and the czech republic. however, the prevalence of trichomonads infection of swine in china has not yet been investigated. in this study, we used small subunit ribosomal rna genes to detect the prevalence of t. suis, t. buttreyi and p. hominis among 158 fecal specimens from healthy pigs. infection rat ... | 2015 | 25981103 |
| molecular and morphologic identification of pentatrichomonas hominis in swine. | a marasmic pig with watery diarrhea was identified to harbor the human-pathogenic protist pentatrichomonas hominis by pcr and sequence analysis of three genetic loci (its1-5.8s rrna-its2, 18s rrna, and ef-1α), electron microscopy, and infection experiments. dna sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated the organism isolated in this study was most closely related to p. hominis. sem and tem observation of the ultrastructure demonstrated that it had a morphology identical to p. hominis. the re ... | 2014 | 24636786 |
| pentatrichomonas hominis: first isolation from the feces of a dog with diarrhea in china. | a trichomonad-like parasite isolated from canine fecal samples in changchun, china was successfully cultivated in vitro using rpmi1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated calf serum and antibiotics. these were then subjected to scanning and transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural study. this parasite has four anterior flagella of unequal length, one independent flagellum, and one recurrent flagellum. it exhibits an anterior nucleus, a golgi complex, an axostyle, food vacuo ... | 2014 | 24623347 |
| determination of internal transcribed spacer regions (its) in trichomonas vaginalis isolates and differentiation among trichomonas species. | the nucleotide sequence of the 5.8s rrna gene and the flanked internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of six trichomonas vaginalis isolates with different metronidazole sensitivity and geographic origin were genotyped. a multiple sequence alignment was performed with different sequences of other isolates available at the genbank/embl/ddbj databases, which revealed 5 different sequence patterns. although a stable mutation in position 66 of the its1 (c66t) was observed in 26% (9/34) of the t. va ... | 2014 | 24412628 |
| inpouch™ tf-feline medium is not specific for tritrichomonas foetus. | trichomonads are a group of anaerobic flagellates. two species of intestinal trichomonads have been described in cats - pathogenic tritrichomonas foetus and probably harmless pentatrichomonas hominis. inpouch™ tf-feline medium (bio-med diagnostics, white city, oregon, usa) is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of t. foetus infection in cats. it is commercially available, relatively cheap and easy-to-use. the medium is intended to be highly specific to t. foetus as morphologically similar ... | 2013 | 23643452 |
| molecular characterization of trichomonads isolated from animal hosts in the philippines. | trichomonads are amitochondrial anaerobic flagellated protists that are either parasites or commensals, generally living in the digestive or genitourinary tract of humans and animals. it has been reported that these protozoa can migrate to other sites in their target host, can adapt to new hosts, and are capable of zoonotic transmission. in this study, 59 trichomonad isolates from different animal hosts in the philippines were identified and characterized. primer sets were designed and were succ ... | 2013 | 23622817 |
| pentatrichomonas hominis infection in rheumatoid arthritis treated with adalimumab. | | 2013 | 23325039 |
| feline tritrichomonas foetus adhere to intestinal epithelium by receptor-ligand-dependent mechanisms. | tritrichomonas foetus (tf) is a protozoan that infects the feline ileum and colon resulting in chronic diarrhea. up to 30% of young purebred cats are infected with tf and the infection is recognized as pandemic. only a single drug, characterized by a narrow margin of safety and emerging development of resistance, is effective for treatment. while the venereal pathogenicity of bovine tf is attributed to adherence to uterovaginal epithelium, the pathogenesis of diarrhea in feline tf infection is u ... | 2013 | 23182300 |