| identification, purification and properties of clone-specific glycoprotein antigens constituting the surface coat of trypanosoma brucei. | soluble glycoproteins have been purified from a series of clones of trypanosoma brucei 427. each clone yielded a characteristic predominant glycoprotein which induced clone-specific immunity to trypanosome infection in mice. these glycoproteins were shown by specific labelling and enzyme digestion of cells to be the major components of the trypanosome surface coat. each glycoprotein consisted of a single polypeptide chain having an apparent molecular weight of 65 000 (as measured by sds-polyacry ... | 1975 | 645 |
| the nad-linked alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase of trypanosomes. | | 1975 | 1018 |
| identification of t. brucei-subgroup strains isolated from game. | several t. brucei-subgroup strains isolated from game were investigated with the blood incubation infectivity test (biit) and in human volunteers. original isolates and their clones derivatives were tested. in order to check the validity of the biit, volunteer tested clones were used under modified biit conditions. inoculation of different trypanosome strains into volunteers yielded positive parasitaemia for original isolates from lion, hyaena, and coke's hartebeest. changing antibody titers dur ... | 1975 | 1983 |
| active-site-directed inhibition of the plasma-membrane carrier transporting short-chain, neutral amino acids into trypanosoma brucei. | 1. glycine chloromethyl inhibited the active-transport of l-serine into bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei. 2. substrates of the short-chain, neutral amino acid transport system (n1), but not of other amino acid transport systems, protected the carrier protein from inhibition. 3. inhibition was never more than 80% complete. the residual activity might have due to a proportion of n1 carrier active sites which had not reacted with the inhibitor. 4. the inhibition was highly selective for the ... | 1976 | 4307 |
| pentamidine transport and sensitivity in brucei-group trypanosomes. | sensitivity to pentamidine of bloodstream forms and culture forms of trypanosoma brucei brucei, strains of this subspecies, and strains of t. brucei rhodesiense characteristically differs in vitro. analyses of transport parameters for pentamidine uptake in these organisms show differences that correspond with drug sensitivity. long slender bloodstream forms of t. b. brucei have a high affinity for the drug and high rates of uptake at indicated by km and vmax values for 3hpentamidine transport. a ... | 1976 | 6797 |
| development of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei in glossina morsitans inoculated into the tsetse haemocoel. | classically, infective development of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei in tsetse flies is thought to take the route crop-midgut-hindgut proventriculus-hypopharynx-salivary gland, where the parasites reach their infective phase. it has been shown experimentally that t. (t.) brucei is capable of developing up to the infective stage in g. morsitans following inoculation of bloodstream form trypanosomes into the haemocoel. the rabbit on which flies were maintained became infected 18 days after expos ... | 1976 | 8974 |
| filaments of trypanosoma brucei: some notes on differences in origin and structure in two strains of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei rhodesiense. | filaments attached to trypanosomes of two strains of t. (t.) brucei were studied by electron microscopy and two distinct types identified: short-thick and long-thin. the former are associated with stumpy trypanosomes and are secretions, via the flagellar pocket, which originate in the area of the golgi complex, during the infection of the host. they are referred to as 'secretory filaments'. their diameter is 0.09 to 0.14 mum. the long-thin filaments are associated with slender forms of trypanoso ... | 1976 | 8975 |
| presence and properties of thymidylate synthase in trypanosomatids. | high speed centrifugal supernatant fractions of homogenates of a number of trypanosomatids were assayed for thymidylate synthase (5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate: dump c-methyltransferase, ec 2.1.1.45) activity using the method of lomax and greenberg (1967) j. biol. chem. 242, 109-113). similar activities were detected in crithidia fasciculata, crithidia oncopelti, the blood forms of trypanosoma brucei, trypansoma congolense and trypanosoma lewisi and the blood, intracellular and culture forms o ... | 1977 | 14696 |
| a new semi-defined medium for trypanosoma brucei sspp. | a new, easy to prepare semi-defined medium for the cultivation of trypanosomes of the t. brucei complex is introduced. containing the two commercially available media mem (minimum essential medium) and medium 199 tc45 as well as 10% inactivated foetal calf serum (fcs), the medium supports optimum growth and direct adaptation of bloodstream forms. growth characteristics, glucose uptake, amino acid utilization and the ultrastructure of trypanosomes grown in this medium are described briefly. | 1977 | 16465 |
| anaemia in trypanosomiasis: mechanisms of erythrocyte destruction in mice infected with trypanosoma congolense or t. brucei. | studies in mice infected with t. brucei or t. congolense showed that increased red cell destruction in the spleen occurred as from the third day of patent parasitaemia and this resulted in a marked reduction of the half-life of transfused syngeneic 51cr labelled cells. there was a progressive increase in the osmotic fragility of the red cells, especially in t. congolense infected mice which also showed a more severe anaemia. the antiglobulin test was only rarely positive in the late stages of t. ... | 1977 | 16466 |
| factors affecting transmission of vector-borne blood parasites. | | 1977 | 16469 |
| experiments on trypanosome transmission by auchmeromyia larvae. preliminary note. | | 1977 | 16472 |
| changes in the kinetic behaviour of threonine transport into trypanosoma brucei elicited by variation in hydrogen ion concentration. | 1. the dependence of v and v/k(m) for threonine transport into trypanosoma brucei upon the external concentration of h(+) was studied. 2. two ionizing groups, the alpha-amino group of the substrate and a group at the substrate-binding site of the carrier, were found to influence the observed kinetic behaviour of transport. 3. the pk of the group at the substrate-binding site on the free carrier was found to be 6.95 at 30 degrees c and to be temperature-dependent; its heat of ionization was -63.8 ... | 1977 | 18141 |
| bruce and the african trypanosomes. | | 1977 | 20787 |
| quantitative effects of salycylhydroxamic acid and glycerol on trypanosoma brucei glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. | during anaerobic glycolysis in vitro in the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid, trypanosoma brucei brucei converts glucose to equimolar amounts of glycerol and pyruvate as end products. glycerol, whether generated endogenously and pyruvate as end products. glycerol, whether generated endogenously or added exogenously, can inhibit anaerobic glycolysis sufficiently in vitro to result in cell death. the concomitant administration of salicylhydroxamic acid and glycerol to rats infected with t. bruce ... | 1978 | 24994 |
| antigenic variation in trypanosomes. | | 1978 | 27816 |
| growth of infective forms of trypanosoma (t.) brucei on buffalo lung and chinese hamster lung tissue culture cells. | infective cultures of trypanosoma (t.) brucei (strain 427) have been initiated and maintained on chinese hamster lung tissue culture cells and buffalo lung tissue culture cells. by changing daily one-third of the rpmi-1640 plus 20% fetal bovine serum medium, the cell numbers can be maintained at 2--4 x 10(6) cells/ml. the cultured trypanosomes on these two tissue culture cell types were infective to mice and morphologically similar to bloodstream slender trypomastigotes in having a subterminal k ... | 1978 | 31773 |
| free plasma amino acid profiles of normal and trypanosoma brucei-infected rats. | | 1978 | 31783 |
| adenylate cyclase in bloodstream forms of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei sp. | 1. the adenylate cyclase in trypanosoma brucei is located in the plasma membrane. 2. a partial kinetic analysis of the properties of the enzyme revealed a km for atp of 1.75 mm and a km for mg2+ of 4mm. 3. at low concentrations, mg2+ activated the enzyme directly in addition to its effect of lowering the concentration of inhibitory free atp species. 4. at high concentrations, mg2+ inhibited the enzyme. furthermore, the enzyme was inhibited at any mg2+ concentration if the concentration of atp ex ... | 1978 | 32875 |
| royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene, brunel university school of biological sciences 20th april, 1978. abstracts. | | 1979 | 35867 |
| tsetse movement in wind fields: possible epidemiological and entomological implications for trypanosomiasis and its control. | this paper presents evidence that tsetse flies (glossina) can be dispersed by wind. this dispersal in west africa is suggested to be along a south-west north-east axis. the implications of wind dispersal of glossina for chemical and genetic control operations is discussed. field experiments necessary to test this hypothesis are recommended. a study of human trypanosomiasis foci in west africa has revealed that foci are orientated in roughly parallel lines in a south-west north-east direction. th ... | 1979 | 35935 |
| cultivation and in vitro cloning or procyclic culture forms of trypanosoma brucei in a semi-defined medium. short communication. | | 1979 | 43092 |
| acid hydrolases of trypanosomatid flagellates. | homogenates from 5 species of trypanosomatids were screened for the presence of a series of acid hydrolases. the insect flagellae, crithidia sp., contains 5 enzymes reminiscent of plant parasitism, which were absent from or of very low specific activity in parasites of the genera, trypanosoma and leishmania. the latter mammalian parasites, on the other hand, exhibited higher acid proteinase and alpha-d-mannosidase activity levels. | 1979 | 44097 |
| identification by the blood incubation infectivity test of trypanosoma brucei subspecies isolated from game animals in the luangwa valley, zambia. | a total of 7 stocks of trypanosoma brucei subspecies, isolated from naturally infected game animals in the luangwa valley, eastern province, zambia were examined using a modified version of the blood incubation infectivity test (biit). one stock giving consistent biit responses typical of t.b. rhodesiense, was obtained from warthog (phacochoerus aethiopicus). four other stocks, 2 from hyaena (crocuta crocuta), 1 from a waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) and 1 from a lion (panthera leo) responded l ... | 1979 | 44098 |
| cultivation of vertebrate infective forms derived from metacyclic forms of pleomorphic trypanosoma brucei stocks. short communication. | | 1979 | 44103 |
| non-specific induction of increased resistance in mice to trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma brucei by immunostimulants. | administration of the immunostimulants corynebacterium parvum, bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) or bordetella pertussis prior to, or at the same time as, challenge with trypanosoma congolense significantly increased survival times in mice, both of trypano-susceptible (a/j) and trypano-resistant (c57bl) strains. the increased survival time was associated with significant alterations in parasitaemia, which included lengthening of the pre-patent period, a delay in the time taken to reach the first pe ... | 1979 | 44360 |
| trypanosoma brucei infection in nude mice: b lymphocyte function is suppressed in the absence of t lymphocytes. | b lymphocyte function was assessed in outbred nude mice and nu/+controls infected with trypanosoma brucei brucei. on day 10 of the infection in outbred nu/nu mice in which the initial wave of parasites was strongly controlled, b cell function was unaltered on enhanced compared with uninfected animals or infected nu/+. in other nu/nu mice unable to control the initial parasitaemia, thymidine incorporation and ig secretion by spleen cells were increased on day 10 and their response to lipopolysacc ... | 1979 | 45125 |
| immunodepression and the course of infection of a chronic trypanosoma brucei infection in mice. | the relationships between course of infection, antigenic variation, and immunodepression of antibody responses to heterologous antigens have been investigated in mice chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei. t. brucei brunel university trypanosomiasis (but) 64 produces a fluctuating parasitaemia lasting about 80 days and ending fatally. it is demonstrated that recurring peaks of parasitaemia are associated with the appearance of new variant antigenic types. at 21 and 31 days of infection, i ... | 1979 | 45126 |
| ultracytochemistry of the surface coat/pellicle complex in trypanosoma brucei. | ultracytochemistry of polysaccharides and specific sugar residues reveals differences in the surface staining pattern between developmental forms of trypanosoma brucei. the techniques used were the pa (periodic acid)-tch (thiocarbohydrazide)-silver albumose reaction for the polysaccharides, and the concanavalin a (con a)-perioxdase-dab coupling method for specific sugar residues. blood and metacyclic forms, both possessing a surface coat, stain distinctly for carbohydrates at the level of the pe ... | 1975 | 51580 |
| ablastin in trypanosoma lewisi and related phenomena in other species of trypanosomes. | | 1975 | 54264 |
| a study of the antigenic relationships of isolates of trypanosoma brucei from three areas in east africa. | eleven stabilates of t. brucei, prepared from isolates collected from cattle and tsetse flies in three areas of east africa, were compared serologically by direct agglutination tests, using (a) stabilate-specific antisera prepared in rats and (b)antisera to the predominant variant antigens of each isolate prepared in rabbits. the results indicated that groups of isolates from any one area tended to produce antigens in common, whereas isolates from different areas were generally antigenically dis ... | 1976 | 57741 |
| factors controlling igm and igg antibody responses to denatured trypanosome dna. | rabbits immunized with complexes of denatured calf thymus dna and methylated bovine serum albumin (mbsa) produced only igm antibodies to denatured dna, confirming the results of previous studies. in contrast, both igm and igg antibodies were induced by mbsa complexes of trypanosoma brucei dna. a similar response was observed by gruenewald and stollar (1973) to t2 bacteriophage dna, in which the normal base cytosine is replaced by hydroxymethylcytosine. t2 bacteriophage dna is known to have a hig ... | 1976 | 58830 |
| [antigenic structure of trypanosoma brucei (protozoa, kinetoplastids). immunoelectrophoretic analysis and comparative study]. | | 1975 | 60088 |
| evasion of the immune response by parasites. | | 1975 | 60788 |
| the synthesis of a variant-specific antigen by trypanosoma brucei in vitro. | a variant-specific surface antigen from a cloned population of trypanosoma brucei s42 has been isolated and partially characterized. [35s]l-methionine was found to be incorporated into this material by cells incubated in vitro in a chemically defined medium. incorporation of [35s]l-methionine was inhibited by cycloheximide and puromycin at concentrations which are known to specifically inhibit protein synthesis in other systems. the rate of synthesis of the variant-specific antigen in vitro has ... | 1977 | 65762 |
| comparisons of antigenic types of trypanosoma (t)brucei strains transmitted by glossina m. morsitans. | a modified infection and maintenance procedure for the cyclical transmission of t. (t.) brucei in glossina m. morsitans is described which produced high mature infection rates in the flies. freshly extruded metacyclic forms and bloodstream forms were serologically typed, using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and the neutralization infectivity test (nit). metacyclic forms of a certain strain and its cloned derivative were antigenically homogenous and of the same antigenic type, wher ... | 1977 | 67786 |
| salicylhydroxamic-acid/glycerol in experimental trypanosomiasis. | | 1977 | 71581 |
| of mice, men, and trypanosomes. | | 1977 | 72203 |
| antigenic variation in trypanosomes. | | 1977 | 74212 |
| antigenic variation in african trypanosomiasis: a memorandum. | after reviewing the present knowledge on antigenic variation of the trypanosomes of the trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei species, this memorandum discusses the relevance of this phenomenon to the possible development of new tools for trypanosomiasis control.as antigenic variation is related to protective immunity and immunopathology, it is of crucial importance for the feasibility of vaccine development and for treatment principles. it is also of interest as a model for understanding antigenic v ... | 1977 | 74295 |
| stabilization and preservation of the antigenic specificity of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei variant specific surface antigens by mild fixation techniques. | living bloodstream trypansomes fixed by suspension in a 1% formalin solution maintain both their morphology and the immunological specificity of their variant specific surface glycoprotein, so allowing precise identification of the variant types present in a trypanosome population by direct or indirect immunofluorescence combined with phase microscopy. the technique is simple, adaptable to the study of low parasitaemias and should facilitate analysis of the phenomenon of antigenic variation both ... | 1977 | 74941 |
| acquisition by trypanosoma brucei brucei of potential infectivity for man by passage through birds. | | 1978 | 76270 |
| crossreacting determinants in variant-specific surface antigens of african trypanosomes. | a number of variant-specific surface antigens (vssas) were purified from clones of trypanosoma brucei and t. congolense and tested for immunological crossreactivity. anti-vssa sera were clone-specific when tested by indirect immunofluorescence of living trypanosomes, but they were not clone-specific when tested by radioimmunoassay with purified 125i-labeled vssas. in this double-antibody radioimmunoassay every vssa tested was precipitated by the homologous and all heterologous anti-vssa sera. an ... | 1978 | 77021 |
| new leads for trypanosomiasis chemotherapy. | | 1978 | 82152 |
| trypanosoma brucei: some properties of the cytotoxic reaction induced by normal human serum. | | 1978 | 83247 |
| crossreacting determinants in the c-terminal region of trypanosome variant surface antigens. | | 1979 | 84339 |
| antigenic analysis by agglutination of trypanosoma brucei brucei parasitemias initiated in mice with in vitro-produced metacyclics. | trypanosomes from 14 first-peak parasitemias initiated in mice by injection of in vitro-produced metacyclics were stabilated. strains derived from these stabilates were analyzed for their antigenic composition by cross-agglutination with immune sera produced in rabbits against 12 of the stabilates. the antigenic composition of the 14 stabilates was compared also with two first-peak parasitemias from mice inoculated with fly-derived metacyclics, the variant-specific antigen of the strain used to ... | 1979 | 86245 |
| detection of multiple variable antigen types in metacyclic populations of trypanosoma brucei. | the identification of antigen types in tsetse salivary gland metacyclic populations of trypanosoma brucei requires the production of monospecific antisera to the corresponding bloodstream variable antigen types. monospecific antisera against clones from cyclically transmitted populations are difficult to prepare, however, owing to the antigenic lability of such clones. this problem has been overcome by isolating an antigenically stable clone from a syringe-infected rabbit at a time when its seru ... | 1979 | 89727 |
| evidence for reappearance of trypanosoma brucei variable antigen types in relapse populations. | seven out of 11 bovines infected with different clones of trypanosoma brucei showed 2 peaks of antibody activity against the infecting clone within 7 weeks, as measured by immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay, and neutralization of infectivity tests. using other clones from an unrelated stock, antibodies to these clones were not detectable, indicating that the antibodies produced were specific to the infecting organisms. these results suggest that there was a reappearance or increase in numbers ... | 1979 | 92560 |
| [serologic differentiation between t. brucei-, t.-congolense- and t-. vivax-infection (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 94474 |
| ca2+ is essential cofactor for trypanocidal activity of normal human serum. | normal human serum has been known to exert a cytotoxic effect on trypanosoma brucei subspecies for nearly 80 yr. but in spite of many attempts, no trypanocidal factor was found in human or baboon serum, until rifkin demostrated a high density lipoprotein (hdl) in normal human serum with trypanocidal activity. the conclusion that this was the trypanocidal factor was supported by the report that serum from patients with tangier disease, characterised by a severe deficiency of hdl, lacked trypanoci ... | 1979 | 95209 |
| differential suppression of experimental allergic diseases in rats infected with trypanosomes. | pvg/c rats, infected 3 days previously with 10(3) trypanosoma brucei brucei s.42 organisms failed to develop adjuvant disease in response to an intradermal inoculation of mycobacterial adjuvant. by contrast, similarly infected rats, immunized with heterologous brain and spinal cord in freund's complete adjuvant with pertussis vaccine as a secondary adjuvant, developed clinical signs of allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) at least as severe as those in uninfected rats. delayed hypersensitivity react ... | 1979 | 95215 |
| immunological purification and partial characterization of variant-specific surface antigen messenger rna of trypanosoma brucei brucei. | polyadenylated rna isolated from total polyribosomes of two variable antigen types (vats) of t. brucei brucei were shown to program the synthesis, in mrna-dependant reticulocyte lysates, of a wide variety of polypeptides. after immunoprecipitation of these cell-free products with an homologous antiserum raised against purified variant-specific surface antigen (vssa), a major electrophoretic band was apparent on fluorography. it was confirmed that this band corresponds to the variable antigen sin ... | 1979 | 116191 |
| human and animal trypanosomiases as world public health problems. | | 1979 | 117460 |
| oligomycin sensitivity of the mitochondrial atpase as a marker for fly transmissability and the presence of functional kinetoplast dna in african trypanosomes. | | 1976 | 133016 |
| [study of chromosome characteristics of artificially-induced ascite tumors]. | some ascite tumours have been induced in rat by intraperitoneal injection of radlv and in mouse by intraperitoneal injection of radlv, or of protozoa such as trypanosoma brucei and toxoplasma gondii. cytological examination of the resulting ascite tumours has shown that chromosome aberrations were associated with the presence of c and a viral particles. | 1976 | 134821 |
| localization of glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase in the mitochondrion and particulate nad+-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the microbodies of the bloodstream form to trypanosoma brucei. | | 1977 | 142010 |
| localization of nine glycolytic enzymes in a microbody-like organelle in trypanosoma brucei: the glycosome. | | 1977 | 142663 |
| [experimental endoparasitism of trypanosoma brucei in blabera fusca: parasite survival and hemoglobin toxicity]. | attempts for infestation of the cockroach, blabera fusca, by trypanosoma brucei directly inoculated in the insect's haemocoele allowed to prove the obligation of the presence of red cells in the cockroach for the survival of the flagellates, in variable assessment. these free and moving trypanosomes may be studied in the haemolymph by an original in vivo observation technic; they have few pathogenic effect on the insect but remain infectious for mice. moreover, haemoglobin shows a direct toxic e ... | 1977 | 146541 |
| functional depletion of t- and b-memory cells and other lymphoid cell subpopulations-during trypanosomiasis. | t. brucei infection in mice causes generalized immunosuppression with multiple changes in the cells of the lymphoid tissue. loss of b cell responsiveness to antigens and mitogens, and the induction of suppressive t-cells and macrophages, have been previously reported (hudson, byner, freeman & terry, 1976; corsini, clayton, askonas & ogilvie, 1977; jayawardena & waksman, 1977). in this study, purified b- or t-cell populations from infected mice have been tested functionally in vitro or in vivo by ... | 1979 | 155650 |
| adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in reproducing and differentiated trypanosomes. | trypanosoma lewisi, a blood protozoan of rats, undergoes differentiation from a rapidly reproducing form to a nonreproducing form in response to the host antibody ablastin. intracellular concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic amp), which has been implicated in controlling reproduction in cultured mammalian cells, was measured in the two developmental forms of t. lewisi. the concentrations were significantly different, and the results support a hypothesis under which ablastin sti ... | 1975 | 171773 |
| nucleotide transport in african trypanosomes. | | 1976 | 175997 |
| particle-bound enzymes in the bloodstream form of trypanosoma brucei. | we have screened the bloodstream form of trypanosoma brucei for the presence of enzymes that could serve as markers for the microbodies and the highly repressed mitochondrion of this organism. none of seven known microbody enzymes were detected at all, but glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, atpase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and part of the hyperoxide dismutase and malate dehydrogenase activities were found to be particle-bound after fractionation of homogenates by differential centri ... | 1977 | 195809 |
| chemotherapeutically active nitro compounds. 4. 5-nitroimidazoles (part i). | more than 135 new 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazoles substituted in 1-position and 1-methyl-5-nitroimidazoles substituted in 2-position were investigated for their activity against various protozoan species, in particular entamoeba histolytica in the golden hamster, trichomonas fetus, trypanosoma brucei and t. cruzi in the nmri mouse. among the nitroimidazoles substituted in the 1-position only two preparations exhibited a similar effect as metronidazole preparations exhibited a similar effect as metron ... | 1977 | 203293 |
| identification of the trypanocidal factor in normal human serum: high density lipoprotein. | the differentiation of trypanosoma brucei from t. rhodesiense, the causative agent of human sleeping sickness, depends on their relative sensitivities to the cytotoxic effects of normal human serum. the molecule responsible for the specific lysis of t. brucei has now been isolated. serum lipoproteins were fractionated and purified by ultracentrifugal flotation and chromatography on bio-gel a-5m. trypanocidal activity was recovered in the high density lipoprotein fraction (density, 1.063-1.216 g/ ... | 1978 | 210461 |
| effect of chronic trypanosoma brucei infection on the course of louping ill virus infection in mice. | the course of louping-ill virus infection in mice chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei was investigated. the mean survival time of mice infected with virus alone was 10.2 days, compared to 12.8 days in mice infected with t. brucei 14 days before virus challenge, and the cumulative mortality in the two groups was 62.5 and 90%, respectively. virus was only inconsistently detected in the blood of mice given virus alone but was regularly present at high titers for up to 12 days in the blood ... | 1979 | 217825 |
| trypanosoma brucei: morphometric changes and loss of infectivity during transformation of bloodstream forms to procyclic culture forms in vitro. | | 1979 | 228962 |
| kinetoplast dna of trypanosoma brucei: physical map of the maxicircle. | | 1979 | 231267 |
| kinetoplast dna minicircles of trypanosoma brucei share regions of sequence homology. | | 1979 | 231269 |
| trypanosomes and experimental trypanosomaisis in east african bats. | using the haematocrit centrifuge technique, four hundred and twenty-seven bats from east africa were examined for trypanosome infections. approximately 21% of the bats were found to be infected. the infection rate varied from zero to 73.3%. no trypanosome was found in fruit-eating bats (megachiroptera). three species of trypanosomes were found in insect-eating bats (microchiroptera), none of the trypanosome was infective to mice or rats. the trypanosomes encountered in the survey were trypanosom ... | 1975 | 239552 |
| genital lesions in experimental chronic trypanosoma brucei infection in rams. | rams inoculated intravenously with trypanosoma brucei developed scrotal oedema and a nonsuppurative granulomatous periorchitis resulting in testicular degeneration, atrophy, calcification and sclerosis. the tunica vaginalis was the seat of an intense granulomatous inflammation and focal necrosis, which extended to the epididymis and spermatic cord. lesions in the seminal vesicles were suggestive of diminished testosterone production even though leydig cells were discernible in the sclerotic test ... | 1979 | 262595 |
| the blood volumes and erythrokinetics of ndama and zebu cattle experimentally infected with trypanosoma brucei. | the responses of susceptible ndama and zebu cattle to experimental infection with trypanosoma brucei were compared using haematological, parasitological and radioisotopic methods. animals of both breeds became anaemic, but this was more severe in the zebu cattle, one of which died. although the prepatent period was the same in animals of both breeds, the levels of the first and subsequent peaks of parasitaemia were higher in the zebu. the anaemia was due to an accelerated rate of red cell break- ... | 1979 | 262609 |
| a comparative study of the ribonucleic acids of three species of trypanosomatids. | | 1978 | 299637 |
| suppressor cells in experimentally trypanosomiasis. | | 1977 | 299925 |
| suppressor cells in mice infected with trypanosoma brucei. | within 2 to 3 days of infection with trypanosoma brucei strain s42, the ability of spleen cells from infected cba mice to mount a primary in vitro antibody response to sheep red blood cells (srbc) is profoundly reduced, and suppressor cells are generated as detected by cell mixture experiments. suppressor cell activity lies in the t and adherent cell compartments of spleens from infected mice, but not in the b cell compartment, although antibody responses to a thymus-independent antigen, dnp-fic ... | 1977 | 302268 |
| cultivation of bloodstream trypanosoma brucei. | animal-infective forms of trypanosoma brucei (strain 427) were successfully propagated in hepes-buffered rpmi 1640 medium in the presence of bovine fibroblast-like cells for over 310 days. the organisms grown in this system were morphologically identical to the long slender bloodstream forms, retained their infectivity for mammalian hosts, and displayed variant-antigen on their surface. technical details for establishing such bloodstream form cultures are described in the present paper. | 1977 | 303956 |
| antigenic heterogeneity of metacyclic forms of trypanosoma brucei. | | 1978 | 306579 |
| [antigenic variation in trypanosoma african: memorandum]. | | 1978 | 308405 |
| the role of the host immune response in the development of tissue lesions associated with african trypanosomiasis in mice. | a variety of tissue lesions occurs in african trypanosomiasis, in the pathogenesis of which direct toxic effects of the parasite as well as immunological mechanisms may be involved. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of the host immune response in inducing tissue damage in this disease and particularly in the production of lesions in striated muscle. the development of muscle lesions in t. brucei infection was studied in several groups of mice with different forms of immun ... | 1978 | 309369 |
| autoimmune response to dna, red blood cells, and thymocyte antigens in association with polyclonal antibody synthesis during experimental african trypanosomiasis. | | 1979 | 310833 |
| trypanosomiasis leads to extensive proliferation of b, t and null cells in spleen and bone marrow. | | 1978 | 311257 |
| the phosphoglucose isomerases of the bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma vivax. | 1. the phosphoglucose isomerases (pgi's) of the bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei and t. vivax have been purified some 150-fold, using cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and isoelectric focussing. 2. the two trypanosome enzymes showed many similarities in kinetic properties, but differed from each other somewhat in thermal stability and in isoelectric point. 3. both trypanosome enzymes differ from pgi's from other sources in having a higher ki for the competitive inhibit ... | 1978 | 318331 |
| application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serodiagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serodiagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is described. a crude extract of a trypanosoma brucei suspension which was purified from all blood components was used as antigen. in rabbits experimentally infected with t. brucei or t. rhodesiense both homologous (anti-t. brucei) and heterologous (anti-t. rhodesiense) trypanosoma antibodies could be detected with elisa using t. brucei as antigen. the sensitivity of elisa was ... | 1977 | 320895 |
| catabolism of deoxythymidylate in some trypanosomatids. | an initial observation concerning the failure of [3h]thymidine at high specific activity to be incorporated into the dna of crithidia fasciculata for more than a brief initial period has been correlated with the presence at high specific activity in the organism of a thymidine phosphorylase activity with an equilibrium in the direction of catabolism. this enzyme degrades thymidine to thymine which is not utilized by the organism. the enzyme has also been shown to be present in a number of other ... | 1977 | 327402 |
| determination of igg antibodies produced by the kinetoplast fraction antigens of trypanosoma rhodesiense, t. vivax and t. brucei by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. | antibodies to trypanosome homegenate and subcellular particles of different trypanosome species, with emphasis on the kinetoplast fraction, were measured by the elisa method. the antibodies formed to these homogenates and subcellular particles could be titrated; the kinetoplast fraction, particularly, not only gave titration against a heterologous strain, but also showed activity against this strain after two to three antigenic variations. | 1977 | 327720 |
| experimental meningoencephalitis in trypanosoma brucei infection of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). a light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopic study. | | 1977 | 331839 |
| detection of antibodies in trypanosome-infected cattle by means of a microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a micromodification of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was evaluated for its potential application in the immunodiagonsis of bovine trypanosomiasis. serum samples from infected and non-infected zebu cattle and samples from friesian cattle with experimental infections were exmained for the presence of trypanosomal antibodies. there were significant differences between the microelisa values obtained with samples from infected and non-infected cattle. during the course of infection mi ... | 1977 | 333677 |
| trypanosoma brucei: detection of low parasitaemias in mice by a miniature anion-exchanger/centrifugation technique. | a method is described for the detection of trypanosomaemia in mice using the samples of about 55 microliter of blood which can be readily obtained from mice by puncture of the retro-orbital plexus with heparinized glass microhaematocrit tubes. the samples, mixed with an appropriate diluent, are passed through small (2 ml) anion-exchanger columns by means of peristatic pumps and the eluates collected in tubes which can be centrifuged so as to concentrate any organisms in the terminal part of the ... | 1977 | 339422 |
| the resistance to human plasma of trypanosoma brucei, t. rhodesiense and t. gambiense: iii. clones of two plasma-resistant strains. | tests for resistance to human plasma were made on six clones of a stabilate of trypanosoma rhodesiense (lump 10) which was calculated to contain about 3,000 resistant trypanosomes per million. two of the clones were not resistant and four were only subresistant. tests were also made on 12 lines (clones) of a stabilate of polymorphic trypanosomes isolated from tsetse flies. one of them, etat 10, had infected a laboratory worker and was found to be fully resistant to human plasma; the other lines ... | 1977 | 339423 |
| immunoprophylaxis against african trypanosomiasis. | | 1977 | 339684 |
| comparisons of variable antigenic types produced by trypanosome strains of the subgenus trypanozoon. | | 1977 | 345981 |
| trypanosoma brucei: use of miniature anion-exchange/centrifugation technique to recover trypanosomes from tissue suspensions. | | 1978 | 349790 |
| [comparative value of immunofluorescence and immunoenzymology on figured antigen in the immunological diagnosis of african trypanosomiasis]. | indirect immunoperoxydase method is compared with indirect immunofluorescence using immunized animal and human sera, and negative control sera. the obtained results show a good statisticly established concord and allow to propose the indirect immunoperoxydase method being used in the biological diagnostic of african trypanosomiasis because its easy carrying out and its examin with an ordinary microscope. | 1977 | 352560 |
| activation of distinct helper and suppressor t cells in experimental trypanosomiasis. | spleen cells taken from mice soon after infection with trypanosoma brucei s 42 enhance the primary in vitro antibody response of normal spleen cells to sheep red blood cells (srbc), but do not affect their response to dnp-ficoll. spleen cells harvested later in the infection (day 6 onwards) suppress the antibody response of normal spleen cells to both srbc and dnp-ficoll. the enhancing and suppressive effects of "infected" spleen cells are sensitive to treatment with anti-thy 1.2 anti-serum and ... | 1978 | 355549 |
| comparative immunological analysis of host plasma proteins bound to bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei subspecies. | the presence, location, host specificity, identity, and quantity of rat plasma proteins bound to bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei subsp. brucei, t. brucei subsp. rhodesiense, and t. brucei subsp. gambiense were determined by a quantitative indirect fluorescent-antibody method and gel immunoassays. fluorescence differences between trypanosomes obtained from rats and mice and treated with antiserum to normal rat plasma indicated that most, if not all, of the bound plasma proteins were host ... | 1978 | 357291 |
| analysis of the antigenic composition of trypanosoma brucei brucei bloodstream and culture forms by the quantitative direct fluorescent antibody methods. | the quantitative direct fluorescent antibody (qdfa) methods were employed for the antigenic analysis of bloodstream forms and culture procyclics of 2 variants, trum (trypanosome research university of of massachusetts) 106 and trum 107, of trypanosoma brucei brucei. intact and trypsinized trypanosomes were studied. it was demonstrated that: (a) the specific variant antigens are localized in the surface coat of bloodstream trypomastigotes. (b) in addition to the common antigens shared by bloodstr ... | 1978 | 357714 |
| circadian rhythms of trypanosoma congolense in laboratory rodents. | | 1978 | 366815 |
| competition among serologically different clones of trypanosoma brucei gambiense in vivo. | when different antigenic variant clones are injected in equal numbers into white mice one variant clone always replaces the other. this phenomenon appears to be a predictable one, even under conditions analogous to a chronic infection. it is hypothesized that a constant ratio is approached between the number of cells of different antigenic serotypes present in a single population, in such a manner that there is always a major antigenic variant and minor populations of different antigenic variant ... | 1978 | 368326 |
| trypanosoma brucei: loss of variable antigens during transformation from bloodstream to procyclic forms in vitro. | | 1979 | 383489 |
| capping of variable antigen on trypanosoma brucei, and its immunological and biological significance. | pathogenic trypanosomes undergo antigenic variation, whereby the glycoprotein molecules constituting the cell coat are changed, the parasite thus evading the host's immune response. on application of homologous antiserum in indirect immunofluorescence to a given variable antigen type of trypanosoma brucei, the surface variable antigen moves to the flagellar pocket region, which overlies the golgi apparatus. this redistribution, or capping, is temperature-dependent, occurring at 37 degrees c but ... | 1979 | 383734 |