| [antigenic variations in strains of trypanosoma evansi]. | | 1979 | 93300 |
| effect of neocarzinostatin on the nucleus, kinetoplast and microtubules of trypanosoma gambiense and trypanosoma evansi. | the antibiotic neocarzinostatin (ncs) induces the anucleate form, not the dyskinetoplastic form, of trypanosoma gambiense and trypanosoma evansi. light and electron microscopic studies indicated that production of the anucleate form is due to delay or inhibition of nuclear division. excess pellicular microtubules are formed after treatment of trypanosomes with ncs, suggesting that in trypanosomes the microtubules replicate by induction, not by division. ncs also causes deformation of the axonema ... | 1978 | 157735 |
| [cloning effectivity of trypanosoma evansi obtained from different hosts]. | | 1979 | 293837 |
| a comparison of the isoenzymes, soluble proteins, polypeptides and free amino acids from ten isolates of trypanosoma evansi. | 1. soluble extracts from different strains of trypanosoma evansi were compared by several analytical procedures. 2. no isoenzymic differences were detected. 3. some clear intraspecies differences in protein isoelectric points, in polypeptide sizes and in free amino acid contents were found. | 1978 | 318325 |
| comparison of the diagnostic value of serum immunoglobulin levels, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a fluorescent antibody test in experimental infections with trypanosoma evansi in rabbits. | | 1978 | 363078 |
| serodiagnosis of infection with trypanosoma evansi in camels in the sudan. | five diagnostic tests for infection with trypanosoma evansi have been compared in groups of camels experimentally infected or exposed to natural infection in the sudan. the correlation of positive results obtained by assays of igm levels, the mercuric chloride test and the formol gel test with the presence of active infection was unsatisfactory, but there was a good correlation between results obtained using ifat and elisa and proven infection. sera from a high proportion of apparently uninfecte ... | 1979 | 375518 |
| [trypanocidal effect of isometamidium chloride hydrochlorate on trypanosoma evansi and treatment attempt of trypanosomiasis in dromedary]. | | 1977 | 566944 |
| studies on experimental surra (trypanosoma evansi infection) in buffalo and cow calves. | | 1978 | 738788 |
| effect of delta 'hydrocortisone (prednisolone-hoechst) on the course of trypanosoma evansi infection in rats. | | 1978 | 751980 |
| the proechimys rat; a potential laboratory host and model for the study of trypanosoma evansi. | a group of proechimys rats (family echimyidae, subfamily echimyinae( was experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi. the long-term chronic infection induced, and the nature of the tissue lesions encountered, point towards their possible use as laboratory models for the study of t. evansi infections. comparisons were made with albino rats in which the flagellate produced a short-term infection following inoculation. | 1976 | 936296 |
| trypanosoma evansi: therapeutic efficacy of diminazine aceturate in crossbred calves, bos taurus and b. indicus. | | 1976 | 976424 |
| immunological studies of the mechanism of anaemia in experimental trypanosoma evansi infection in rats. | | 1975 | 1116896 |
| the efficacy of killed trypanosoma evansi vaccines in mice. | four strains of trypanosoma evarsi (d3, d4, d5 and d6) isolated from german shepherd dogs were inoculated into mice, and infected blood was used to prepare 9 separate killed vaccines. white mice inoculated with 1:100 diluted pbs vaccine, 0.5% carbol vaccine, or 100% lugol vaccine showed survival rates of more than 60%. among these 3 vaccines pbs vaccine and 0.5% carbol vaccine showed higher survival rates at 1:500 and 1:1000 dilutions, respectively. when young mice (15-20 g) were immunized with ... | 1975 | 1243897 |
| the prevalence and diagnosis of trypanosoma evansi infection in camels in southern ethiopia. | an investigation of trypanosomiasis in camels indicated a high prevalence of infection in southern ethiopia. various direct and indirect laboratory methods for the diagnosis of infection with trypanosoma evansi were compared and evaluated. at the present time inoculation of camel blood into laboratory rodents appears to be the best direct diagnostic method. the formol-gel test and the takata test appear to be the most sensitive and accurate of the biochemical methods available. however, there st ... | 1976 | 1258151 |
| complement (c3) levels and activation in rabbits experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi. | rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used to monitor the levels of the third complement component (c3) in the blood of rabbits experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi. although a reduction in the circulating levels of c3 was associated with c3 activation in rabbits with high levels of parasitaemia, there was no evidence for c3 activation in uninfected rabbits, rabbits with early-stage, light infections or rabbits cleared of infection by drug treatment. host-tolerance to current infection and ... | 1992 | 1288428 |
| evaluation of mono- and polyclonal antibody-based antigen detection immunoassays for diagnosis of trypanosoma evansi infection in the dromedary camel. | two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), one based on a mouse anti-trypanosoma brucei group-specific monoclonal antibody and the other on rabbit anti-trypanosoma evansi polyclonal antibodies, have been evaluated for their ability to detect circulating trypanosome antigens in camel sera as a means for the diagnosis of t. evansi infections. all 91 sera from a negative control camel herd from kenya gave negative antigen-elisa results in the monoclonal antibody-based elisa and only 2 of them ... | 1992 | 1301627 |
| productivity and health of camels (camelus dromedarius) in somalia: associations with trypanosomosis and brucellosis. | in somalia, one of the world's largest dromedary populations of about 5.3 million animals are kept by nomadic pastoralists under traditional management. interest in the development potential of camel herds in the semi-arid areas of central somalia initiated an investigation to determine the productivity of herds, their major diseases and likely associations among these parameters. using a systems approach, data were collected for herd production parameters, environmental factors, management and ... | 1992 | 1304662 |
| kinetoplast dna and molecular karyotypes of trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma equiperdum from china. | we compared 12 stocks of trypanosoma evansi and 1 recently isolated stock of trypanosoma equiperdum from different regions of china by analysis of kinetoplast dna (kdna), nuclear dna and molecular karyotypes. the t. equiperdum stock was remarkably similar to the t. evansi stocks, except for the possession of kdna maxi-circles, suggesting a very close evolutionary relationship between t. evansi and t. equiperdum. the maxi-circles of the chinese t. equiperdum stock were approximately 14.3 kb in si ... | 1992 | 1311051 |
| dna comparisons of trypanosoma evansi (indonesia) and trypanosoma brucei spp. | two clones from separate isolates of trypanosoma evansi in indonesia were found by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analyses to contain 3 different repeated nuclear dna sequences of trypanosoma brucei spp: the consensus sequence for a highly repetitive 177 base pairs and the gene repeats encoding procyclin and the spliced leader. in addition, the 994 bp minicircle sequence of one of the clones was determined, and pcr amplification primers specific for minicircles of t. evansi were identified that ... | 1992 | 1319564 |
| the rapid development of drug-resistance by trypanosoma evansi in immunosuppressed mice. | the effect of immunosuppression on the development of drug resistance by trypanosomes was investigated in mice infected with trypanosoma evansi. as a result of frequent passage in immunosuppressed mice given subcurative drug treatments clones of t. evansi rapidly developed high levels of resistance to mel cy, diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride. similar protocols in normal immunocompetent mice infected with the same parent clones did not lead to the development of drug-resistance. th ... | 1992 | 1348601 |
| preliminary efficacy trial of cymelarsan, a novel trypanocide, in camels naturally infected with trypanosoma evansi in kenya. | | 1992 | 1348603 |
| antibody patterns in rabbits showing different levels of susceptibility to an experimental trypanosoma evansi infection. | using sds-page and western blotting, the antibody spectrum of rabbits infected with trypanosoma evansi to homologous t. evansi antigens was monitored. animals that developed parasitaemia later or had lower levels of parasitaemia as the infection progressed were considered to have a degree of resistance to the infection. sera of these resistant animals recognised the t. evansi antigens earlier and subsequently identified more antigens than their susceptible counterparts. the susceptible animals d ... | 1992 | 1363178 |
| kinetoplast minicircle dna of trypanosoma evansi encode guide rna genes. | | 1992 | 1371353 |
| identification of the surface components of trypanosoma evansi. | 125i-labelling was used to characterise the surface components of five stocks of trypanosoma evansi. two components of 67 and 60.5 kd were labelled in two of the stocks, a single 60.5 kd component in two other stocks and no components in the remaining stock. these differences are probably related to the labelling method and biochemical differences between the stocks. | 1992 | 1439216 |
| the isoenzyme characteristics of trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma equiperdum isolated from domestic stocks in china. | twelve stocks of trypanosoma evansi and one of trypanosoma equiperdum isolated from domestic animals in china were examined for 16 enzymes using cellulose acetate and thin-layer starch gel electrophoresis. differences were seen between stocks in only two of the enzymes, mdh and alat. three of the t. evansi stocks, isolated from buffalo, and the t. equiperdum stock had the unusual pattern mdh-3, while all the other chinese stocks had the common mdh-1. two other stocks of t. evansi and again the t ... | 1992 | 1463353 |
| report of the twelfth international meeting of the oie ad hoc group on non tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomosis. paris, 15 may 1991. | studies of trypanosoma evansi strains of widely varied origin (africa, asia, south america) have continued, leading to two groups of diagnostic procedures, tested first in the laboratory and then in the field: the card agglutination trypanosomosis test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to supplement microscopic examination of smears. a microscopy procedure for differentiating trypanosoma species in smears was proposed. diagnostic kits have again been made available free of charge to inte ... | 1992 | 1472739 |
| a specific dna probe which identifies babesia bovis in whole blood. | a genomic library of babesia bovis dna from the mexican strain m was constructed in plasmid pun121 and cloned in escherichia coli. several recombinants which hybridized strongly to radioactively labeled b. bovis genomic dna in an in situ screening were selected and further analyzed for those which specifically hybridized to b. bovis dna. it was found that pmu-b1 had the highest sensitivity, detecting 25 pg of purified b. bovis dna, and 300 parasites in 10 microliters of whole infected blood, or ... | 1992 | 1496779 |
| biometrical observations on different strains of trypanosoma evansi. | biometrical studies on buffalo, bovine and canine strains of trypanosoma evansi isolated from species in madras, india, were carried out. the buffalo, bovine and canine trypanosomes varied significantly in total length and width. the buffalo strain had a greater free flagellum, total length and width compared with the canine strain. | 1992 | 1496797 |
| experimental infection of friesian holstein calves with an indonesian isolate of trypanosoma evansi. | the effect of a single, primary, artificial infection with trypanosoma evansi was studied in nine friesian holstein calves. body temperature, packed cell volume (pcv) and parasitaemia measurements were obtained daily from each of the infected calves for up to 90 days after parasites were injected, body weights were monitored weekly. t. evansi infection had a marked depressive effect on pcv profiles and the rate of body weight gain. | 1992 | 1519022 |
| eleventh international meeting on trypanosoma evansi: report of the working group. paris, 17 may 1990. | three objectives have been achieved by the working group since its creation in 1983: more detailed information (and consequently better awareness) of zones infected by t. evansi; refinement of diagnostic techniques and the development of test kits suitable for field use; development of a new synthetic trypanocide. exchange of strains between specialist laboratories should be encouraged in order to compare isolates from africa, asia and south america by using current techniques of biotechnology, ... | 1992 | 1525422 |
| pathology of experimental trypanosoma evansi infection in rabbits. | histopathological examination of tissue sections from the organs of rabbits experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi revealed evidence of a vigorous immunological response. changes in the spleen, lymph nodes, vulva, eyelids and ears indicated a protective immune response, but changes in the kidneys, lungs and heart were destructive in nature and capable of causing sudden death of the host. hepatic damage capable of interfering with the host's immune response was also observed. the presenc ... | 1992 | 1602062 |
| a simplified method for identifying subspecies and strain groups in trypanozoon by isoenzymes. | to characterize trypanosomes from the subgenus trypanozoon, 272 stocks in 111 zymodemes were analysed by the polymorphisms seen in a rationalized range of nine enzymes, resolved by electrophoresis, mostly on cellulose acetate. several highly polymorphic or invariant enzymes used previously were omitted, while two new enzymes, nhd and sod were included; the isoenzymes seen for sod were interpreted as two separate enzymes, soda and sodb. isoenzyme band patterns were analysed by two complementary n ... | 1992 | 1616401 |
| kinetoplast dna analysis of four trypanosoma evansi strains. | kinetoplast dna (kdna), the mitochondrial dna of trypanosomes, is a network of thousands of topologically interlocked dna minicircles and about 50 maxicircles. in this study, we have analysed the kdna molecules of 6 strains of trypanosoma evansi from different geographical areas. 2 strains were found to be dyskinetoplastic mutants and other 4 kinetoplastic strains absent of maxicircles. the electrophoretic analysis of the minicircles digested with various restriction endonucleases clearly shows ... | 1991 | 1677160 |
| cymelarsan in the treatment of buffaloes naturally infected with trypanosoma evansi in south china. | forty buffaloes naturally infected with trypanosoma evansi in the south of china were treated with a single dose of a new arsenical. cymelarsan (mel cy) at 0.25 mg/kg to 3.0 mg/kg by intramuscular injection. all animals were cured, with the exception of two out of four animals treated with 0.25 mg/kg mel cy which relapsed two months after drug administration. two out of eight buffaloes in control groups treated with a single dose of diminazene aceturate (berenil), 3.5 mg/kg, relapsed two months ... | 1991 | 1685304 |
| in vivo and in vitro sensitivity of trypanosoma evansi and t. equiperdum to diminazene, suramin, melcy, quinapyramine and isometamidium. | the sensitivity of three trypanosoma equiperdum clones and thirteen trypanosoma evansi clones originating from the people's republic of china, the philippines, ethiopia and elsewhere to a series of drugs was determined in vivo and in vitro. the drugs tested were diminazene aceturate (berenil), suramin (naganol), melcy (cymelarsan), quinapyramine sulfate (trypacide) and isometamidium chloride (samorin). the activity of each drug was expressed as: 1) in vitro: the minimal effective concentration w ... | 1991 | 1685865 |
| multiplication of trypanosoma evansi at the site of infection in skin of rabbits and cattle. | local skin reactions (chancres) developed at the sites of inoculation with trypanosoma evansi in rabbits and calves. trypanosomes multipled in the dermal collagen and, in the rabbit, were present in large numbers by 7 days after infection. thereafter, however, numbers decreased and few parasites were observed by 11 days after infection. the presence of trypanosomes in the skin caused an extensive inflammatory reaction with disruption of collagen, oedema, necrosis of the skin and increases princi ... | 1991 | 1686141 |
| trypanosoma evansi infection in worked and unworked buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in indonesia. | the effect of controlled amounts of exercise on the outcome of trypanosoma evansi infection was studied in groups of swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) experimentally infected with t. evansi. daily body temperature, packed cell volume (pcv) and parasitaemia measurements were obtained from each animal for up to 110 days after infection. exercise did not appear to exacerbate the effect of t. evansi infection in that similar temperature, pcv and parasitaemia profiles were obtained with both exercise ... | 1991 | 1788927 |
| evidence for widespread asymptomatic trypanosoma rhodesiense human infection in the luangwa valley (zambia). | the rotat 1/2 catt test developed for trypanosoma evansi was used in comparison with other diagnostic tests for the detection of t. rhodesiense infection in the northern part of the luangwa valley. the human population, the domestic and a large number of game animals were positive with the rotat 1/2 catt, the ag-elisa, the ifat and the radioimmunoprecipitation tests. human sera from these areas precipitated the same trypanosome-antigen components 35s-methionine labelled whereas few differences i ... | 1991 | 1796239 |
| predisposing factors in enterotoxemias of camels (camelus dromedarius) caused by clostridium perfringens type a. | c. perfringens type a was isolated from different organs and intestines from breeding and racing camels which died from peracute and acute enterotoxemias in two separate outbreaks. pathological changes in the digestive tract were mild in breeding camels, and severe in racing camels. a polyvalent clostridial antiserum of bovine origin given intravenously had a life-saving effect on breeding camels, but not on racing camels. in the two outbreaks, fifty percent of the breeding camels were suffering ... | 1991 | 1818358 |
| trypanosoma evansi infection in cattle, buffaloes and horses in indonesia. | cattle, buffaloes and horses in several areas of indonesia were examined for evidence of infection with trypanosoma evansi by the microhaematocrit centrifugation technique (mhct) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of antibodies to t. evansi. evidence of infection was found in animals at each sampling site although differences were seen in prevalence rates between sites. prevalence rates in buffalo were usually higher than in cattle in the same area while in horses the ... | 1991 | 1858281 |
| trypanosoma evansi infection in bovine and buffalo calves in indonesia. | fifteen bovine and 11 buffalo calves born on different farms in a trypanosoma evansi-endemic area of west java were monitored for the presence of t. evansi and t. evansi antibody at monthly intervals until they were 12 months of age. fifty percent of the bovine and 83% of the buffalo calves sampled in the first month of life were antibody positive. this antibody was considered to be of colostral origin. antibody developing later in life persisted for up to 12 months and was considered to have ar ... | 1991 | 1858294 |
| the glycosomes of trypanosomes: number and distribution as revealed by electron spectroscopic imaging and 3-d reconstruction. | computer-aided 3-d reconstruction of trypanosomes from 0.35-micron-thick sections imaged on the zeiss 902 electron microscope are being used to study the dynamics of cell organization. segregation of glycolytic enzymes into glycosomes raises questions concerning the distribution and biogenesis of these organelles. direct counts of glycosomes from trypanosoma evansi indicate 30-40 per cell and for the closely related t. brucei, 65 per cell. these figures contrast with the estimates of others who ... | 1991 | 1870115 |
| multinuclear forms in a dyskinetoplastic strain of trypanosoma evansi in mice. | the production of short stumpy and multinuclear trypanosomes in a chinese strain of dyskinetoplastic trypanosoma evansi maintained in rabbits and mice is described. production of multinuclear trypanosomes was increased following passage through a reptile (gecko), in which the trypanosomes did not multiply, and transfer back to mice. the multinuclear trypanosomes showed more nuclei than flagella indicating that disruption of the normal cell cycle had taken place and not simply inhibition of cleav ... | 1991 | 1952696 |
| influence of fever and flurbiprofen on trypanosome growth. | the administration of flurbiprofen, a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid), to goats infected with trypanosomes resulted in high elevated parasitaemia and suppression of fever. in contrast to goats, rats infected with trypanosomes do not show febrile reactions. therefore, the role of body temperature was investigated with yeast-induced fever in trypanosoma evansi and t. brucei infected rats. these investigations did not support the hypothesis that a high body temperature causes a ... | 1990 | 1969700 |
| evidence for kinetoplast and nuclear dna homogeneity in trypanosoma evansi isolates. | the kinetoplast dna minicircles from 13 stocks of trypanosomes designated as trypanosoma evansi were digested with various restriction enzymes. we also examined the distribution of restriction site polymorphisms in the nuclear dna of 9 of these stocks, using 7 different variable surface glycoprotein (vsg) and non-vsg probes. restricted kinetoplast dna (kdna) fragments of some of these strains were cloned into m13 or puc 18 vectors and sequenced. the restriction and sequence mapping showed that m ... | 1990 | 1982554 |
| an outbreak of trypanosomiasis caused by trypanosoma evansi on the island of madura, indonesia. | during an outbreak of trypanosomiasis in cattle, buffalo and horses on the island of madura, a survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of trypanosoma evansi in the region. blood samples were collected from 130 cattle and 147 buffalo in 5 villages, whole blood was examined for trypanosomes by the microhaematocrit (mhct) method and serum samples were subjected to an enzyme linked immuno absorbent assay to detect t. evansi antibodies. t. evansi was detected by mhct in 50% of the buffalo ex ... | 1990 | 2075393 |
| [ninth international reunion concerning trypanosoma evansi: report of the task group]. | | 1990 | 2132153 |
| trypanosomiasis in domestic animals: the problems of diagnosis. | animal trypanosomiasis presents special problems with regard to diagnosis. the clinical signs are not pathognomonic and the standard techniques for the detection of trypanosomes are not sufficiently sensitive. although significant improvements have been made in diagnosis, a high proportion of infections still remain undetected as the chronic, more common form of the disease, is often aparasitaemic. in the face of these constraints, alternative methods of diagnosis have been developed, most of wh ... | 1990 | 2132685 |
| tenth international meeting on trypanosoma evansi: report of the working group. paris, 24 may 1989. | some epidemiological surveys have provided information on the incidence of trypanosoma evansi infection among dromedaries in mali, and among buffaloes in java and indonesia. the disease among camels has been reported again from kazakhstan in the ussr, with the coexistence of t. evansi and cephalopina titillator in animals which developed acute infection. the disease has been studied among horses in venezuela and among buffaloes in vietnam and indonesia, and suspected among horses in brazil. diag ... | 1990 | 2132713 |
| specific probes for trypanosoma (trypanozoon) evansi based on kinetoplast dna minicircles. | trypanosoma evansi is difficult to distinguish from other members of subgenus trypanozoon, save for its inability to develop cyclically in the tsetse fly and its characteristic kinetoplast dna (kdna). we have used cloned kdna minicircle fragments as specific probes to distinguish t. evansi from other trypanosomes of subgenus trypanozoon. two probes were required, each specific for one of the subgroups of t. evansi previously described. probe a reacted only with the major isoenzyme group of t. ev ... | 1990 | 2163493 |
| production of interleukin 2 and expression of interleukin 2 receptors by pony peripheral blood lymphocytes after stimulation with a soluble fraction of trypanosoma evansi. | pony peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) were stimulated with a soluble fraction of trypanosoma (t.) evansi (sf). as determined by 3h-thymidine incorporation, the cells underwent a proliferative response and were able to: a) produce a factor having the biological activities of interleukin 2 (il-2) since their supernatants could support the in vitro growth of pony pbl stimulated with concanavalin a (con a-blasts); b) undergo a further proliferative response when incubated in short term cultures wi ... | 1990 | 2220199 |
| trypanosoma (trypanozoon) evansi in the coati from the pantanal region of mato grosso do sul state, brazil. | | 1990 | 2278072 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of trypanosoma evansi in tissues of experimentally infected rats and a naturally infected water buffalo (bubalus bubalis). | trypanosoma evansi was demonstrated by an immunohistochemical technique in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of experimentally infected rats. trypanosoma evansi was visible readily, nuclei were stained darkly, the cytoplasm was stained moderately, and the cell membranes were delineated clearly. the parasites were present in small- to large-sized blood vessels of all organs, in extravascular spaces of ventricles and neuropil of the brain, and in interstitial tissues of the lung and testes. ... | 1990 | 2319414 |
| comparison between six parasitological methods for diagnosis of trypanosoma evansi in the subtropical area of argentina. | in a total of 165 blood samples from horses in the province of formosa (argentina), the diagnosis for equine trypanosomiasis (t. evansi) was made using giemsa-stained smears (gss), wet blood films (wbf), strout's concentration method (scm), haematocrit centrifuge technique (hct), buffy coat method (bcm) and mouse inoculation of blood (mbi). trypanosoma evansi was demonstrated in 52 samples. mouse inoculation gave a sensitivity of 88.2%; hct 71.1%; bcm 63.4%; wbf 53.8%; scm 46.1% and gss 45.6%. n ... | 1990 | 2382382 |
| serum proteins in guinea-pigs and horses infected with trypanosoma evansi (steel, 1885). | the serum protein pattern in guinea-pigs infected with t. evansi was analysed and compared with those found in horses with either a natural or experimental infection. in both species, a highly significant decrease in albumin levels and an increase in gamma-globulins were seen, leading to a very low albumin/globulin ratio. no significant differences in total protein levels between healthy and infected animals were registered. likewise, alpha-globulins were not significantly affected. a decrease i ... | 1990 | 2399649 |
| specific dna probe for the sensitive detection of trypanosoma evansi. | trypanosoma evansi is the parasitic protozoon that causes "surra", a wasting disease of domestic animals. detection of t. evansi plays an important role in epidemiology and animal health. dna probes were constructed from t. evansi genomic dna and kinetoplast dna for sensitive detection of the parasite in infected blood. a 6.5 kb dna insert of pmut ec6 plasmid derived from the genomic dna of t. evansi npl isolate, selected from 575 recombinant e. coli exhibited the strongest nucleic acid hybridiz ... | 1990 | 2402677 |
| antigenic variation in trypanosoma evansi: variable antigen type (vat) composition of first relapse populations in mice. | the variable antigen type (vat) composition of first relapse populations developing in mice infected with 11 vat populations of a stock of t. evansi was shown to be independent of the infecting vat. trypanosomes representing three of the vats were found in all relapse populations resulting from infection with each vat. a further seven vats were detected in at least one relapse population from each vat. these 10 vats had previously been classed as predominant vats from studies on vat development ... | 1985 | 2417302 |
| antigenic variation in trypanosoma evansi: a comparison of the predominant variable antigen type repertoire of stocks from sudan. | the predominant vat repertoire of 15 stocks of t. evansi from sudan was characterised using 30 predominant vats isolated from six of the stocks. the 15 stocks were grouped into three distinct serodemes, each member of a serodeme being associated by the presence of 6-7 particular vats as part of their predominant vat repertoire. two vats were part of the predominant vat repertoire of all 15 stocks and were considered to represent isovats of t. evansi. the limited antigenic diversity found among t ... | 1985 | 2418487 |
| studies on the sequence of variable antigen types in ponies infected with a clone of trypanosoma evansi. | the sequential appearance of variable antigen types (vats) of a clone of trypanosoma evansi was studied in four ponies. using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, vat populations which had been isolated from parasitemic peaks of single ponies, were tested for specificity with serum samples collected from other ponies. when antibody activity was demonstrated in a combination of trypanosomes and serum, it was concluded that a major vat appeared in common. in the serum of all animals antibody activ ... | 1986 | 2422820 |
| [serologic study of experimental infections by trypanosoma evansi, in guinea pigs]. | sera of 20 guinea-pigs experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi were obtained in order to compare the efficacy of gel diffusion, indirect immunofluorescence and agglutination tests, to detect antibodies to t. evansi. the fluorescent antibody test was positive in six (6) animals and the antibody titres were very low (1:4 to 1:16). the agglutination test detected trypanosomal antibodies in sera one (1) week after infection. after two (2) weeks all animals were positive with high titres (1:8 ... | 1989 | 2513635 |
| isoenzyme characterization of trypanosoma evansi isolated from capybaras and dogs in brazil. | trypanosoma evansi was seen in blood samples taken randomly from both wild and semi-captive capybaras caught in mato grosso do sul state, brazil and in sick dogs brought into local veterinary clinics. trypanosome stocks from capybaras and dogs were significantly different in their patterns of growth in mice, while the trypanosomes from dogs were mostly dyskinetoplastic. by isoenzyme electrophoresis all the trypanosomes were of the most common type of t. evansi found elsewhere. | 1989 | 2571248 |
| efficacy of rm110, a novel trypanocide, in the treatment of trypanosoma evansi infections in camels. | camels artificially infected with a field stock of trypanosoma evansi isolated from a camel near gewane, ethiopia were cured by treatment with rm110, administered by subcutaneous injection at 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg body weight. local reactions were mild and transient. further evaluation of rm110 is indicated, in particular the determination of minimum curative doses for this and other t. evansi stocks in camels. | 1989 | 2617676 |
| two simple antigen-detection enzyme immunoassays for the diagnosis of trypanosoma evansi infections in the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | a monoclonal antibody against a plasma membrane antigen of trypanosoma rhodesiense was used in a microplate- and a tube-elisa for the detection of t. evansi circulating antigen in camel sera from endemic areas in mali and kenya. the colour reactions could be read visually and the results obtained for both assays were identical. the sera from the control herd of 30 camels from a farm in a non-endemic area in kenya were all negative for antigen, while 18 out of 20 sera from infected camels in an e ... | 1989 | 2623422 |
| detection of circulating trypanosomal antigens in trypanosoma evansi-infected animals using a t. brucei group-specific monoclonal antibody. | an antigen-detection enzyme immunoassay based on a t. brucei group-specific monoclonal antibody was used for the detection of circulating antigens in several animal species experimentally infected with t. evansi stocks from sudan, indonesia, thailand and south america. circulating antigens were detected as early as 6 days after infection, and they persisted throughout the observation period of up to 60 days postinfection. in an analysis of sera from naturally infected water buffaloes from thaila ... | 1989 | 2694313 |
| evaluation of enzyme immunoassays in the diagnosis of camel (camelus dromedarius) trypanosomiasis: a preliminary investigation. | three enzyme immunoassays were used for the serodiagnosis of trypanosoma evansi in camels in the sudan in order to evaluate their ability to discriminate between infected and non-infected animals. two assays were used for the detection of trypanosomal antibodies, one using specific anti-camel igg conjugate and another using a non-specific protein a conjugate. the third assay detected the presence of trypanosomal antigens using anti-t. evansi antibodies in a double antibody sandwich assay. inspec ... | 1989 | 2703023 |
| characterization of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) evansi from dromedary camels in kuwait by isoenzyme electrophoresis. | blood from 115 camels in kuwait was examined for blood parasites. two camels of a local herd (1.7%) were found to be infected with trypanosoma (trypanozoon) evansi and three camels (2.6%) with microfilarial nematodes. the trypanosoma stocks isolated from these two camels were screened for isoenzyme patterns of 10 enzymes using thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis. the results revealed that these two stocks were identical to camel stocks of t. evansi from certain countries in africa, as well as ... | 1989 | 2773274 |
| camel trypanosomiasis and its vectors in somalia. | blood samples from 3000 somali camels (camelus dromedarius) were examined for trypanosome infection. of these, 160 (5.33%) were infected with trypanosoma evansi, one (0.03%) with t. congolense and one (0.03%) with t. brucei. camel trypanosomiasis occurred in most areas of tabanid infestation throughout the country. the tabanids philoliche zonata and p. magretti are incriminated as the major vectors of the disease. | 1989 | 2781715 |
| malic enzyme type vii isoenzyme as an indicator of suramin resistance in trypanosoma evansi. | this study analysed the suramin sensitivity of 29 stocks of trypanosoma evansi isolated from egypt, sudan, and indonesia and compared the results with the isoenzyme banding patterns of 20 soluble enzymes in these stocks of t. evansi. the results showed that the type vii banding pattern of malic enzyme was found only in t. evansi stocks which were highly resistant to suramin. | 1989 | 2806458 |
| influence of induced disease states on the disposition kinetics of imidocarb in goats. | the influence of fever, induced by different agents, on the disposition kinetics of imidocarb was determined in goats. escherichia coli endotoxin (0.2 microgram/kg), trypanosoma evansi (10(7) in 1 ml sterile glucose citrate), and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (10(6.5)tcid50) were the agents administered to induce the febrile state. in control and febrile animals the two-compartment model was used to describe the disposition kinetics of the drug. fever caused significant changes to occu ... | 1986 | 3014166 |
| kinetoplast dna of trypanosoma evansi. | we show here that the kinetoplast dna (kdna) networks from six trypanosoma evansi strains differ from those of t. brucei by their lack of maxi-circles and absence of mini-circle sequence heterogeneity. the lack of maxi-circles is sufficient to account for the inability of t. evansi to multiply in tsetse flies, since this requires functional mitochondria containing maxi-circle gene products. judged by restriction enzyme analysis, five of the six t. evansi strains contain mini-circles that differ ... | 1987 | 3033499 |
| discontinuous counter-immunoelectrophoresis test for detection of trypanosoma evansi antibody in buffalo calves and its comparison with agar gel precipitation test. | discontinuous counter-immunoelectrophoresis was used to detect trypanosoma evansi antibodies in experimentally-infected buffalo calves. the method was found to be simple, reproducible, rapid and sensitive. results could be read within 15 min and compared favourably with results obtained with the agar gel precipitation test. | 1986 | 3095982 |
| in vitro stimulation of pony peripheral blood lymphocytes by a soluble fraction of trypanosoma evansi. | | 1988 | 3188723 |
| a card agglutination test (catt) for veterinary use based on an early vat rotat 1/2 of trypanosoma evansi. | | 1988 | 3223785 |
| nomenclature of trypanosoma evansi. | | 1988 | 3256130 |
| isoenzyme characterisation of 15 stocks of trypanosoma evansi isolated from camels in the sudan. | fifteen stocks of t. evansi isolated in sudan were compared using isoenzyme banding patterns. differences between the stocks were found but overall they formed a homogeneous group. the results were similar to those obtained for other stocks of t. evansiisolated from kenya, w. africa, s. america and kuwait and indicate that little genetic variation occurs in t. evansi over its geographical range. this low variation may have important implications in the development of new methods of controlling t ... | 1988 | 3291076 |
| thiol-dependent proteases of african trypanosomes. analysis by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels co-polymerized with fibrinogen. | the proteases of several species of african trypanosomes were analysed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels containing fibrinogen or collagen. after electrophoresis the gels were incubated in the presence of enzyme activators and/or inhibitors and then stained with coomassie brilliant blue. the areas where the proteolytic activity had degraded the fibrinogen did not stain and so formed clear bands against a blue background. the proteases were found to have ph optima ... | 1986 | 3514210 |
| trypanosomiasis in indonesia. a review of research, 1900-1983. | this review describes research conducted from 1900-1983 on trypanosomiasis due to trypanosoma evansi in indonesia. clinical signs and post-mortem findings in horses, cattle, buffaloes, pigs and dogs, experimental transmission tests to establish possible surra vectors in indonesia, and research on chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are discussed. | 1986 | 3529600 |
| the efficacy of furazolidone against experimental infections with trypanosoma evansi in camels and mice in sudan: comparisons with quinapyramine and suramin. | | 1986 | 3589066 |
| existence of a connecting system in the flagellar apparatus and the accessory structures of trypanosoma evansi. | the three-dimensional architecture of a quartet of microtubules (qm) of trypanosoma evansi and its related structures was examined with a transmission electron microscope (tem). the initiation of the qm as a successive bundle of microtubules was confirmed at the juxtaposition of the second barren body (sbb). after connecting with the distal part of the basal body (bb), the qm ascended to the level of the terminal plate (tp) and gained access most closely to the inner membrane of the flagellar po ... | 1987 | 3660978 |
| application of chemi- and bioluminescence in studies of immunological reactions against protozoa. | the opsonization and lysis of different protozoa by antibodies and/or complement was followed using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and bioluminescence. the addition of immune serum to variable antigen type populations of trypanosoma evansi led to the specific opsonization of trypanosomes resulting in an intense metabolic activation and chemiluminescence response of phagocytic cells. in comparison to those of uninfected control mice, the phagocytosis of coccidia merozoites by spleen cells fr ... | 1986 | 3705427 |
| trypanosoma evansi infection in buffaloes in north-east thailand. ii. abortions. | by exclusion of other possible aetiological agents, strong circumstantial evidence is presented of trypanosoma evansi infection being the cause of late gestation abortion and stillbirth in buffaloes. | 1986 | 3738993 |
| some observations on the toxicosis of isometamidium chloride (samorin) in camels. | healthy camels were experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi and then treated with isometamidium chloride (samorin) at single intravenous doses of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg. five to 10 min after the drug administration, the camels at both dosages showed lacrimation, salivation, trembling, restlessness, frequent urination and defecation, followed by diarrhea. moreover, the camels at the higher dose showed an unsteady gait for about an hour with hindleg weakness and walking backward. the animals fel ... | 1986 | 3776085 |
| trypanosoma evansi infection in pigs in india. | | 1987 | 3824859 |
| the incidence of canine haematozoa in peninsular malaysia. | in 3 urban areas in selangor, peninsular malaysia between 1973 and 1981, blood from 4084 dogs was examined for haematozoa. the following frequencies were found: babesia gibsoni 17.7%; microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis 9.6%; hepatozoon canis 1.2%; b. canis 1.1%; ehrlichia canis 0.2%; trypanosoma evansi 0.1%. a detailed examination of b. gibsoni infections and microfilariasis due to d. immitis with regards to monthly distribution, breed frequency, sex and age, revealed that pedigree and non-ped ... | 1985 | 3922103 |
| variant specific opsonization of trypanosoma evansi measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. | using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (lcl), the specificity of antibodies to variable antigen type (vat)-populations of trypanosoma evansi was studied in four infected ponies. trypanosomes of each wave of parasitemia were isolated and multiplied in irradiated mice. their opsonization by serum collected during the infection was investigated with lcl and results for isolated vat-populations are shown in the paper. antibodies specific to each vat-population were first found three days after th ... | 1985 | 3997196 |
| antigenic variation in trypanosoma evansi: variable antigen type development in mice, sheep and goats. | the early vat development of a stock of trypanosoma evansi was studied in mice, sheep and goats. host species did not appear to influence the range of vats which were detected early in infection, although differences were seen in the vat composition of individual trypanosome populations isolated at similar periods after infection in the different hosts. ten vats, previously classed as predominant vats from studies on t. evansi-infected rabbits, were also found to act as predominant vats in sheep ... | 1985 | 4001768 |
| a clinical evaluation of samorin in trypanosoma evansi infections in camelus dromedarius. | | 1985 | 4020952 |
| trypanosoma evansi infection in buffaloes in north-east thailand. i. field investigations. | clinical, parasitological and serological findings of trypanosoma evansi infections in buffaloes (bubalis bubalis) from north-eastern thailand are reported. the overall infection rate was found to be around 20% with a distinct peak of acute infections during the rainy season. the disease is aggravated by normally well tolerated concomitant infections such as liver fluke infestations and by other stress factors. | 1985 | 4024265 |
| oral transmission of trypanosoma evansi infection in dogs and mice. | a successful attempt has been made to transmit t. evansi orally in dogs and mice by allowing them to feed on infected meat and blood. the infection status was determined by daily examination of blood smears and clinical manifestations of trypanosomiasis. | 1985 | 4049728 |
| isoenzyme analysis of stocks of trypanosomes isolated from cattle in indonesia. | three trypanosome stocks isolated from cattle in indonesia were shown to differ markedly from an indonesian stock of trypanosoma evansi on the basis of the isoenzyme banding patterns of 12 soluble enzymes. the results obtained for these stocks were not consistent with those reported for typical forms of t evansi but were very similar to enzyme patterns obtained for rodent adapted stocks of t vivax. | 1985 | 4081347 |
| [comparative ultrastructural study of dyskinetoplastic strains of trypanosoma gambiense and trypanosoma evansi]. | | 1974 | 4214246 |
| resistance of trypanosoma evansi to quinapyramine, suramin, stilbamidine and tryparsamide and analysis of cross-resistance. | | 1971 | 4254332 |
| study of immunity to trypanosoma evansi following drug cure of the infection. | | 1971 | 4254936 |
| a note on the efficacy of homidium bromide and pyrithidium bromide against trypanosoma evansi infection in the dog. | | 1973 | 4714721 |
| electron microscope investigations of the structure of some representatives of trypanosomidae family in connection with their ability to occur in the diskinetoplastic state. trypanosoma evansi (steel 1885). | | 1973 | 4768074 |
| diminazine aceturate in the treatment of experimental trypanosoma evansi infection in buffalo calves. | | 1973 | 4782513 |
| letter: disappearance of trypanosoma evansi from a vampire bat colony in western colombia. | | 1974 | 4818671 |
| stimulation of antibodies in trypanosoma evansi infection of rabbits and their disappearance after treatment of the infection. | | 1970 | 5002287 |
| [isolation of trypanosoma evansi steel 1885 from a capybara (hydrochoerus hydrochoeris lin.) imported to belgium and preliminary study of its virulence]. | | 1971 | 5004234 |
| the potential for physiological variation in strains of trypanosoma evansi in relation to the state of the kinetoplast. | | 1972 | 5021571 |