| polyamine synthesis and levels during the growth and replication of leishmania tropica minor and leishmania aethiopica. | | 1979 | 499494 |
| an in vitro model for screening antileishmanial drugs: the human leukaemia monocyte cell line, thp-1. | standard anti-leishmanial drugs were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of intracellular amastigotes of leishmania aethiopica, l. donovani and l. infantum in the human leukemia monocyte thp-1 cell line. sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate were active against l. donovani with ed50 values of 8.9 micrograms sbv/ml and 2.9 micrograms sbv/ml, respectively. l. aethiopica was less sensitive to sodium stibogluconate with an ed50 value of 25.3 micrograms sbv/ml while pentamidine h ... | 1992 | 1359751 |
| isolation and characterization of recombinant antigens from leishmania aethiopica that react with human antibodies. | a genomic expression library of leishmania aethiopica was constructed in lambda gt11 and screened with patient sera and sera from healthy people living in an area of endemicity. forty-five recombinant clones were isolated and partly characterized. clone-specific antibodies were prepared and used with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western immunoblot analysis to estimate the molecular masses of the parasite-derived antigens containing the reactive epitope(s). antige ... | 1992 | 1372294 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-western ethiopia: ocholo revisited. | the borough of ocholo, on the western side of the ethiopian rift valley, is an endemic focus for leishmania aethiopica infection and has been surveyed thrice between 1987 and 1990. in 1989, 3022 inhabitants (> 95% of the population) were interviewed and examined. the overall prevalence of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl) was 3.6-4.0%, with a peak value of 8.5% in the 0-10 years old age group. in half of the patients the active disease was estimated to last for 9.6 +/- 6 months; in 10%, it ... | 1992 | 1440773 |
| cells from healthy non-exposed individuals produce cytokines to selected fractions of leishmania promastigotes. | we are interested in cellular responses to antigens of parasites to which the cell donor has not been previously exposed and how such responses may influence parasite establishment. in order to characterize such responses we have used cells from unexposed healthy donors and analysed the lymphoproliferative response to various leishmania aethiopica antigen preparations and the cytokines produced in the process. peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with sds-page separated l. aethiopica ant ... | 1992 | 1514038 |
| mechanisms of resistance to leishmania aethiopica. i. interferon-gamma in combination with a cytokine (not tumor necrosis factor-alpha) is required, but cannot act alone in the inhibition of intracellular forms of l. aethiopica in thp1 cells. | following exposure to promastigotes of various leishmania species, mononuclear cells from non-exposed as well as potentially exposed individuals produced a cytokine response which inhibited intracellular forms of leishmania aethiopica in a permissive monocytic cell line (thp1). interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), was one of the cytokines responsible for this anti-leishmanial effect. ifn-gamma was necessary for inhibition but could not act on its own inhibiting l. aethiopica. tumor necrosis factor-alph ... | 1992 | 1516623 |
| the effect of heat shock on the relative activity of proteinkinase of leishmania aethiopica. | the effect of heat shock on the relative activity of proteinkinase of the promastigotes of leishmania aethiopica was investigated. the relative proteinkinase activity increased to six fold when promastigotes grown at 25 degrees c for four days with concomitant transformation to amastigote like shape. | 1992 | 1563361 |
| the use of dna hybridization for the detection of leishmania aethiopica in naturally infected sandfly vectors. | hybridization with kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid (kdna) probes was used to detect leishmania aethiopica in naturally infected sandflies in south-west ethiopia, an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis. 396 sandflies were dissected; microscopy revealed flagellates in the midgut of 5 phlebotomus pedifer. the infecting flagellates were confirmed as l. aethiopica by isoenzyme typing. gut specimens for all dissected sandflies were hybridized with total l. aethiopica kdna as well as with a clon ... | 1991 | 1664149 |
| the value of a direct agglutination test in the diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in ethiopia. | the usefulness and sensitivity of a direct agglutination test (dat) in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania aethiopica infection has been investigated. formalin-fixed, trypsin-treated and coomassie blue-stained leishmania promastigotes of various origins were used as antigens. l. major, l. donovani, l. aethiopica but not l. tropica antigen preparations were able to distinguish sera from individuals infected with leishmania from sera of uninfected controls, although the titr ... | 1990 | 1701934 |
| contribution of non-leishmania-specific immunity to resistance to leishmania infection in humans. | lymphocytes of individuals from a country non-endemic for leishmania (sweden), responded with a vigorous interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and il-6 response when exposed to live or dead promastigotes of leishmania aethiopica. this response was sometimes as strong as when the same cells were exposed to the mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin (pha)). furthermore, supernatants of cells exposed to leishmania promastigotes were able to inhibit the amastigote form of the same parasite. in some few instances there ... | 1992 | 1733638 |
| immune reactivity to fractionated leishmania aethiopica antigens during coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | | 1992 | 1734066 |
| molecular karyotype and chromosomal localization of genes encoding two major surface glycoproteins, gp63 and gp46/m2, hsp70, and beta-tubulin in cloned strains of several leishmania species. | the molecular karyotypes of several leishmania isolates (leishmania amazonensis, leishmania braziliensis, leishmania guyanensis, leishmania panamensis, leishmania donovani, leishmania major, leishmania aethiopica, leishmania tropica, leishmania enriettii) have been analyzed by clamped homogeneous electric field (chef) gel electrophoresis. the chromosomal localization of genes encoding 2 major surface glycoproteins, gp63 and gp46/m2, heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), and beta-tubulin was determined ... | 1991 | 1779988 |
| immune reactivity to fractionated leishmania aethiopica antigens during active human infection. | fractionated antigen preparations of leishmania aethiopica parasites were used to stimulate the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with active cutaneous leishmaniasis. in assays measuring lymphocyte proliferation, 9 of 10 patients with similar clinical presentations of infection responded in a similar pattern to the fractionated antigens. marked proliferation was observed in response to antigen fractions with molecular masses of 43 to 36, 33 to 27, and less than 22 kda. the induction of re ... | 1991 | 1909712 |
| the use of itraconazole in the treatment of leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica. | | 1990 | 1965355 |
| generation of species-specific dna probes for leishmania aethiopica. | we report here the cloning of kinetoplast dna (kdna) sequences from leishmania aethiopica in order to develop a specific and sensitive method for the identification of the parasite. analysis of the cloned kdna sequences showed different taxonomic specificities demonstrating sequence diversity within the kinetoplast dna. cloned whole minicircle hybridized with all old world leishmania species tested. some cloned fragments of minicircle kdna hybridized with leishmania species causing cutaneous lei ... | 1991 | 2052028 |
| serum antibody specificities to leishmania aethiopica antigens in patients with localized and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. | in order to characterize the antigenic determinants of leishmania aethiopica, we have analysed by immunoblotting the antibody reactivity of leishmaniasis patients with either the localized (lcl) or diffuse (dcl) clinical forms of disease. in this study we have compared the reactivity of antibodies from eight lcl and dcl patients to parasites isolated from each individual, or the parasite isolates of the other lcl and dcl patients studied. the immunoblot profiles of antibodies from lcl patients d ... | 1990 | 2255561 |
| the isolation of leishmania aethiopica from the ground squirrel xerus rutilus. | | 1990 | 2278071 |
| characterization of two proteins from leishmania donovani and their use for vaccination against visceral leishmaniasis. | two proteins from leishmania donovani, dp72 and gp70-2, have been previously utilized to specifically serodiagnose patients with visceral leishmaniasis. the proteins were shown by elisa and western blotting with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to be present in both stages of the parasite. antibodies to gp70-2 recognize in promastigotes multiple discrete bands of similar m.w. which are common to several isolates of l. donovani. the total amount of ag and number of bands observed per isolate ... | 1990 | 2295807 |
| serum tumor necrosis factor levels and disease dissemination in leprosy and leishmaniasis. | it has been suggested that tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) may serve as an important antigen-independent host defense mechanism against parasitic organisms. sera from 66 patients with leishmaniasis and 68 patients with leprosy, all from ethiopia, were tested for tnf alpha using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. sera from patients with the multi-parasitic/bacillary type of disease (visceral or diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and lepromatous leprosy), known to be associated with absent or low ... | 1990 | 2324549 |
| the pathogenesis of leishmania aethiopica infection in balb/c mice. | a mouse model for l. aethiopica infection is described. balb/c mice were unable to clear an infection with 1 x 10(7) promastigotes injected into the hind footpad. however, there was no ulceration of the lesion and no development of overt clinical symptoms after 203 days of infection. spread of viable organisms was evident in the draining lymph node but not in the spleen or liver. the control of the infection was associated with the development of classical delayed hypersensitivity responses to p ... | 1990 | 2389113 |
| a kinetoplast dna probe diagnostic for leishmania major: sequence homologies between regions of leishmania minicircles. | a restriction fragment from a cloned kinetoplast minicircle dna has been shown to be diagnostic for leishmania major. this 402-bp taqi fragment has been used routinely (as a radiolabelled probe) to detect 10(4) parasites in simple dot blots, both experimentally and in epidemiological surveys. it positively identified all stocks of l. major tested (including all six known zymodemes) and showed very low homology to kinetoplast dna (kdna) and chromosomal dna of leishmania infantum and leishmania tr ... | 1989 | 2558320 |
| leishmania aethiopica: infections in laboratory animals. | leishmania aethiopica parasites were inoculated into 11 different strains and species of small laboratory animals. clinical lesions were only produced following inoculation of hamster noses and thus this parasite is highly selective in both species and site for the laboratory animals tested. parasites could, however, be recovered from draining lymph nodes 3 weeks after infection of balb/c mice. lesions in hamsters were progressive and nonulcerating (up to 1 year) and histologically resembled dif ... | 1989 | 2647503 |
| effects of thiastearic acids on growth and on dihydrosterculic acid and other phospholipid fatty acyl groups of leishmania promastigotes. | thiastearic acid positional isomers (8, 9, 10, 11) were examined for their ability to inhibit population growth and the biosynthesis of a phosphatidylethanolamine cyclopropane fatty acyl group, cis-9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid (dihydrosterculic acid), by promastigotes of leishmania species. thiastearic acids are candidate chemotherapeutic agents, since cyclopropane fatty acids are not formed by vertebrate cells. 8- and 10-thiastearic acids strongly inhibited the growth of strains containing t ... | 1989 | 2761573 |
| leishmaniasis in kenya: description of leishmaniasis of a domestic goat from transmara, narok district, kenya. | extensive research has been carried out in eastern africa for animal reservoirs of both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. the domestic dog has been the only domestic animal so far implicated as a possible reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis. for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica, the hyrax and the giant rat are the proven reservoirs of the disease while several species of rodents have been demonstrated to harbor l. major. recent studies conducted in domestic animals in ... | 1989 | 2772523 |
| an experimental model system for leishmaniasis. an ultrastructural study on cultured macrophages exposed to leishmania parasites and sodium stibogluconate. | to facilitate studies on the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the host-parasite interaction in leishmaniasis, we have developed an experimental model for infecting mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture with recently-isolated leishmania donovani promastigotes. as the drug action is often dependent on concentration, the distribution of sodium stibogluconate, which is the commonly used drug for treatment of leishmaniasis, was studied in various parts of the macrophages by energy dispersive x- ... | 1988 | 2841954 |
| electron microscopical studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis in ethiopia. ii. parasite and host cell differences between the localized and the diffuse form. | the ultrastructure of leishmania aethiopica parasites and their host cells was investigated in lesions of 7 patients suffering from diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl) and in lesions of 4 patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl). the appearance of host cells and parasites varied considerably in both disease forms. host cell variations occurred especially in the number of cytoplasmic vesicles, the size of the parasitophorous vacuoles, and the number of amastigotes per parasitophoro ... | 1987 | 2894130 |
| responsiveness in diffuse versus local cutaneous leishmaniasis is due to parasite differences. | leishmania aethiopica infection results in two main clinical entities, diffuse disease (dcl) and localized ulcers (lcl). the lack of reactivity to leishmanial antigens has been attributed, among other things, to some inherent immunological defect of the host or considered as a consequence of the initial site of infection. properties unique to the infecting parasite have been said to contribute little if anything to the differences between dcl and lcl found in the same areas of ethiopia. data are ... | 1987 | 3122314 |
| differential recognition of leishmania aethiopica antigens by lymphocytes from patients with local and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. evidence for antigen-induced immune suppression. | data are presented to suggest that differential ag expression by parasites derived from diffuse (dcl) vs local (lcl) cutaneous leishmaniasis patients may be responsible for the ag-specific anergy seen in dcl patients. the evidence suggests that promastigotes derived from dcl patients express epitopes which preferentially stimulate suppressor activities in dcl patients. these determinants appear to be expressed less, if at all by promastigotes derived from lcl patients. the ag-specific suppressio ... | 1988 | 3171177 |
| heat shock and the relative hexokinase activity of leishmania aethiopica and leishmania donovani. | | 1988 | 3215177 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in ethiopia: i. lymphocyte transformation and antibody titre. | the ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis (ecl) caused by leishmania aethiopica manifests itself in two different forms: the self-healing localized form (lcl) and the non-self-healing diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl). in patients suffering from these two forms of ecl, the leishmania antigen induced in-vitro lymphocyte response and the leishmania specific antibody titres were investigated. whole promastigotes and a soluble fraction thereof were used as antigens and antibody titres were determine ... | 1986 | 3563321 |
| the agglutination of erythrocytes and leishmania parasites by sandfly gut extracts: evidence for lectin activity. | lysates of heads, hind- and midguts of male and female phlebotomus papatasi were found to contain lectins or lectin-like molecules capable of agglutinating human red blood cell types of the abo(h) system and promastigotes of leishmania aethiopica, l. major and l. donovani but not l. hertigi hertigi promastigotes or crithidia fasciculata choanomastigotes. the agglutination of erythrocytes from the human o rhesus positive blood group by sandfly midgut extracts was inhibited by two disaccharides; t ... | 1986 | 3563322 |
| leishmania aethiopica: topical treatment with paromomycin and methylbenzethonium chloride ointment. | | 1987 | 3597872 |
| leishmania in the old world: 3. the distribution of l. aethiopica zymodemes. | isoenzyme profiles of 28 stocks of leishmania aethiopica were compared with those of reference strains of l. aethiopica, l. tropica and l. major using starch-gel electrophoresis of 13 enzymes (gpi, gd, es, pgm, pepd, nh, asat, alat, pk, mpi, 6pgd, sod, mdh). 13 zymodemes were seen. l. aethiopica showed some infraspecific variation. stocks from phlebotomus longipes and procavia habessinica were indistinguishable from those from man. stocks from cases of diffuse cutaneous and cutaneous leishmanias ... | 1986 | 3798530 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of leishmania kinetoplast dna characterizes parasites responsible for visceral and cutaneous disease. | the kinetoplast dna (kdna) from promastigotes of leishmania responsible for old and new world cutaneous and visceral disease was characterized to determine if species and strains causing similar or different diseases could be identified. restriction enzymes were used to digest kdna into fragments that were separated into characteristic banding patterns after electrophoresis in agarose or linear gradient polyacrylamide gels. hybridization was conducted with a 32p-kdna probe and kdna fragments tra ... | 1984 | 6091469 |
| limited therapeutic action of rifampicin/isoniazid against leishmania aethiopica. | | 1981 | 6114258 |
| in vitro effect of tb-450 on leishmania aethiopica. | | 1980 | 6161808 |
| high-dose sodium stibogluconate treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in kenya. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica usually responds poorly to conventional doses of pentavalent antimonial drugs. we treated three patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired in kenya, presumed or documented to be caused by l. aethiopica, with intravenous sodium stibogluconate, 18 to 20 mg sb/kg body-weight twice daily for 30 days. all patients had a good response to treatment, with disappearance of parasites from skin smears and cultures after 14 to 27 days, clinical hea ... | 1983 | 6318408 |
| on the identity of the parasite causing diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in the dominican republic. | three isolates from disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl) patients from an unusual focus in the dominican republic were studied and typed according to their behaviour in culture and experimental animals, their malate dehydrogenase (mdh) electrophoretic variant type, and excretory factor (ef) serotype. they were compared with parasites known to cause dcl in other parts of the world. on the basis of these characteristics, this parasite appears to be different from leishmania aethiopica which ... | 1983 | 6665827 |
| in vitro lymphocyte stimulation in patients with lepromatous and borderline tuberculoid leprosy. the effect of dapsone treatment on the response to mycobacterium leprae antigens, tuberculin purified protein derivative and non-mycobacterial stimulants. | lymphocytes from peripheral blood were isolated from leprosy patients and healthy contacts (hc) of leprosy patients and stimulated in vitro with: mycobacterium leprae and a m. leprae cell wall antigen, mlw 1; tuberculin purified protein derivative (ppd); antigens prepared from candida albicans, entamoeba histolytica, leishmania aethiopica, and parotitis virus; the non-specific mitogens phytohemagglutinin (pha) and concanavalin a (con-a). lymphocytes from patients with untreated lepromatous lepro ... | 1982 | 6763003 |
| [significance of enzymatic polymorphism in leishmaniae--on three heterozygous stocks of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, leishmania cf. tarentolae wenyon, 1921 and leishmania aethiopica bray, ashford and bray, 1973 (author's transl)]. | the analysis of 8 isoenzymes (pgm, pgi, g-6-pdh, 6-pgdh, idh, mdh, me, got)of 49 stocks of leishmaniae [35 of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, 10 of leishmania cf. tarentolae wenyon, 1921, 2 of leishmania tropica (wright, 1903) and 2 of leishmania aethiopica bray, ashford and bray, 1973] revealed heterozygous structures in three stocks. these structures were expressed by two (pgm) or three (pgi, 6-pgdh) spots on the electrophoretic gels. two stocks were heterozygous for pgi alone [one of l. in ... | 1981 | 7332193 |
| [the application of a numerical method to the taxonomy of the genus leishmania ross, 1903,--the recognition of 146 original lines in the old world. use of allozymic characters. epidemiological and phyletic significance (author's transl)]. | using enzyme characters determined by starch gel electrophoresis, the authors have applied the method of numerical taxonomy to the genus leishmania ross, 1903. eight isoenzymes (pgi, me, pgm, got, g-6-pdh, 6-pgdh, mdh and idh) of 146 old world strains are examined. 35 electromorphs, corresponding to equivalent number of isoenzymes, are identified by this method, and then grouped into 14 zymodemes. these zymodemes were used as operational taxonomy units (otu) and pairs were compared, using jaccar ... | 1981 | 7337375 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and recurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis long after healed localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania aethiopica. | | 1995 | 7570878 |
| leishmania aethiopica: experimental infections in non-human primates. | six cercopithecus aethiops monkeys, 4 theropithecus gelada baboons and 2 papio anubis baboons were infected using leishmania aethiopica isolates originating either from localized (lcl) or diffuse (dcl) cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. the history of lesions in 4 c. aethiops monkeys infected by lcl strains mimicked the process in human lcl patients. infection of 2 c. aethiops monkeys using a dcl strain resulted in localized, non-ulcerative, self-healing nodular lesions. such lesions were also ob ... | 1995 | 7572430 |
| detection of cutaneous leishmania infection in paraffin-embedded skin biopsies using the polymerase chain reaction. | in this study the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with previously developed oligonucleotide primers was used to detect leishmania aethiopica in paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens. the leishmania-specific 120 base pair fragment of the kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid (kdna) minicircles has been amplified from all parasitologically or histologically confirmed cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), as demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and hybridization with l. aethiopica kdna. control speci ... | 1995 | 7660431 |
| conservation among old world leishmania species of six physical linkage groups defined in leishmania infantum small chromosomes. | we have characterised 49 dna probes specific for each of the six smallest chromosomes in leishmania infantum and have examined the allocation of these probes in the molecular karyotypes of the other old world leishmania species leishmania donovani, leishmania major, leishmania tropica and leishmania aethiopica. these 49 probes define 6 physical linkage groups in the molecular karyotypes of various strains of l. infantum. 40 of these probes hybridise in the other old world leishmania species and ... | 1995 | 7723776 |
| protein kinase activities in leishmania aethiopica: control by growth, transformation and inhibitors. | promastigotes of l. aethiopica express an ectokinase activity preferring histone v-s as substrate. a soluble kinase activity utilizing protamine and histone v-s, as well as a particulate fraction associated kinase activity preferring protamine are also expressed. the soluble histone kinase activity, but not the ectokinase, was expressed at a higher level in cells from late phases of growth, as compared to early log phase cultures. transformation of l. aethiopica to an amastigote-like stage, resu ... | 1995 | 7727538 |
| the polymerase chain reaction can reveal the occurrence of naturally mixed infections with leishmania parasites. | on isolation and characterization of leishmania parasites from sudanese patients with visceral leishmaniasis (vl), four cases of mixed infections were found. three of those cases were from the eastern sudan focus of vl. in one case the patient was found to be concomitantly infected with leishmania donovani and leishmania aethiopica, while the remaining three patients possessed mixed infections of leishmania donovani and leishmania major. mixed infections were identified by pcr amplification of l ... | 1994 | 7810388 |
| natural and acquired resistance to leishmania: cellular activation by leishmania aethiopica of mononuclear cells from unexposed individuals is through the stimulation of natural killer (nk) cells. | cells from normal non-leishmania-exposed individuals could respond in vitro by proliferation and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production to leishmania aethiopica stimulation. the main cell type that appeared to be activated following such stimulation was cd3-, cd16+/56+, i.e. nk cells. of the few cd3+ cells responding, an involvement of cd8+ cells was evident in the absence of activation of cd4+ cells in normal individuals, while a different feature was observed when patients' cells were investi ... | 1993 | 7902789 |
| aminosidine and its combination with sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica. | treatment of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl) caused by leishmania aethiopica remains unsatisfactory as the parasite is relatively insensitive to antimonial compounds. reports of the clinical effectiveness of aminosidine sulphate, especially in combination with sodium stibogluconate, in visceral leishmaniasis and the finding that this antibiotic is potent against l. aethiopica in vitro, prompted us to evaluate its usefulness in dcl. two patients with long-standing, active dcl were treated f ... | 1994 | 7974682 |
| glycoinositol-phospholipid profiles of four serotypically distinct old world leishmania strains. | glycoinositol-phospholipids (gipls) are the major glycolipid class and prominant surface antigens of leishmanial parasites. the gipls from four serologically distinct old world strains of leishmania were characterized to determine inter- and intra-specific differences in these glycolipids. these studies showed that: (1) the major gipls of leishmania topica (lrc-l36) and leishmania aethiopica (lrc-l495) belong to the alpha-mannose-terminating gipl series (im2, im3 and im4) that are structurally r ... | 1994 | 7998997 |
| high serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor is not associated with the immunosuppression in diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. | diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl) is a rare complication of leishmania aethiopica-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis which is associated with non-self healing and in vivo and in vitro antigen-specific non-responsiveness. such antigen-specific unresponsiveness is also observed in visceral leishmaniasis (vl). the non-responsiveness seen in vl disease is believed to be due, in part, to serum-derived factors, including raised serum soluble il-2 receptor (sil-2r). raised sil-2r in serum was not a co ... | 1994 | 8191226 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania aethiopica, on mount elgon, kenya. | a survey of cutaneous leishmaniasis was carried out on the slopes of mount elgon, kenya, including a detailed study of two villages in which cases were known to occur. the disease appeared to be restricted to altitudes between 1750 and 1900 metres, which coincides with an escarpment region. vector sandflies were not found in houses and transmission appeared to be predominantly associated with caves found in the escarpment region. the parasites which were isolated were identified as leishmania ae ... | 1993 | 8250625 |
| the in vitro activity of vernonia amygdalina on leishmania aethiopica. | anti-leishmanial activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of vernonia amygdalina, a plant widely used in ethiopia for the treatment of parasitic infections, has been assessed in vitro on leishmania aethiopica. amastigotes were more sensitive to v. amygdalina than promastigotes. the chloroform extract had a stronger parasiticidal activity, with median effective doses (ed50) of 18.5 micrograms/ml and 13.3 micrograms/ml for promastigotes and amastigotes, than the methanol extract with ed50 of 7 ... | 1993 | 8404883 |
| crossreactions and sequence homologies between recombinant polypeptides from leishmania aethiopica and human igg and igm. | recombinant dna fragments m (154 bp) and g (206 bp), coding for recombinant polypeptides that crossreact with human igm and igg, have been isolated from a genomic library of leishmania aethiopica. epitope scanning of the two recombinant polypeptides, using overlapping octapeptides, revealed several crossreactive epitopes present in both recombinant proteins. by comparing amino acid sequences, similar sequences in human mu and gamma immunoglobulin heavy chains were identified. one of the parasite ... | 1997 | 9012439 |
| leishmania aethiopica derived from diffuse leishmaniasis patients preferentially induce mrna for interleukin-10 while those from localized leishmaniasis patients induce interferon-gamma. | exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to promastigotes of leishmania aethiopica derived from patients with the self-limiting, localized form of the disease (local cutaneous leishmaniasis; lcl) preferentially induced mrna for interferon (ifn)-gamma but little for interleukin (il)-10. in contrast, stimulation of the same cells with promastigotes derived from patients with the persistent, disseminated form of the disease (diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis; dcl) stimulated the expression of i ... | 1997 | 9041358 |
| leishmania major in an egyptian patient manifested as diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. | diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl) is an unusual form of cutaneous leishmaniasis mainly caused by infection with leishmania aethiopica in the old world. in this paper, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis was reported for the first time, in an egyptian patient from sinai peninsula resulting from infection with l. major zymodeme lond-1 as proved by enzymatic characterization, using seven enzymes. | 1997 | 9097542 |
| identification and characterization of human b-cell epitopes in recombinant antigens of leishmania aethiopica. | recombinant dna fragments from leishmania aethiopica that code for epitopes which react with human antibodies have been characterized by cross-hybridization studies and dna sequence analysis. twenty clones could be grouped into seven different groups (i-vii), probably representing seven different l. aethiopica antigens. the dna sequences of representative clones from the seven groups have been obtained and the amino acid sequence of the respective recombinant antigens established. the recombinan ... | 1996 | 9229379 |
| characterization of leishmania aethiopica from rock hyrax, procavia capensis trapped in najran, saudi arabia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by l. aethiopica is endemic in ethiopia, kenya and south-west africa. in a previous paper, the present authors reported natural leishmania species infection in two hyraxes, p. capensis. in this paper, an isolate from a rock hyrax. p. capensis (pallas, 1766) was enzymatically characterized by demonstrating the mobilities of seven enzymes, to be identical with the reference strain of l. aethiopica. | 1997 | 9257973 |
| rapid identification of causative species in patients with old world leishmaniasis. | conventional methods for the identification of species of leishmania parasite causing infections have limitations. by using a dna-based alternative, the present study tries to develop a new tool for this purpose. thirty-three patients living in marseilles (in the south of france) were suffering from visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis. dna of the parasite in clinical samples (bone marrow, peripheral blood, or skin) from these patients were amplified by pcr and were directly sequenced. the sequen ... | 1997 | 9316906 |
| indications of the protective role of natural killer cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis in an area of endemicity. | the role of natural versus acquired immunity to leishmania aethiopica infection in humans is the focus of our studies. we found in previous studies that mononuclear cells from nonexposed healthy swedish donors responded to leishmania antigen stimulation by proliferation and gamma interferon production. the main cell type responding was cd3- cd16/56+ natural killer (nk) cells. these findings led us to suggest that the potential to produce a rapid, nonacquired nk cell response may be a protective ... | 1998 | 9596736 |
| drosophila antibacterial protein, cecropin a, differentially affects non-bacterial organisms such as leishmania in a manner different from other amphipathic peptides. | the effects of the antibacterial protein drosophila cecropin a on developmental forms of leishmania were compared with the effect of hyalophora cecropin a in vitro. both cecropins had a potent lytic activity on the promastigotes at concentrations not far from those occurring in vivo in the respective insect. drosophila cecropin a had strong differential effects on the two maturation forms of leishmania aethiopica at high concentrations: inhibiting intracellular amastigotes and stimulating extrac ... | 1998 | 9852202 |
| genetic variability within the species leishmania aethiopica does not correlate with clinical variations of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | leishmania aethiopica infections in man result in a spectrum of diseases from lcl to dcl. these clinical manifestations have been attributed to genetic differences within the host or the parasites. in this study two different pcr-based methods were used to elucidate genetic variation within the species l. aethiopica. inter- and intra-specific variations were detected in the its of the ribosomal operon in different strains and species of leishmania, using a pcr-rflp approach, and by a pcr fingerp ... | 2000 | 10699253 |
| induction and abrogation of lack reactive cells in the evolution of human leishmaniasis. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with ongoing leishmania aethiopica infection and individuals cured/under treatment from l. infantum or l. donovani infection were stimulated in vitro with lack, the leishmania homologue of receptors for activated c kinase. the lack protein is conserved in related leishmanial species and is expressed both in the promastigote and amastigote stages of leishmania. our results show that lack induced marked nk and some cd8 ... | 2001 | 11422202 |
| the use of direct agglutination test (dat) in serological diagnosis of ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis. | leishmania aethiopica (l.a.) is the main species of leishmania that causes ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis (ecl). the routine diagnosis of ecl depends on parasitological examination of smear, culture or biopsy. in this study, dat was set-up and evaluated for its diagnostic performance using defined sera of 45 ecl patients, 18 visceral leishmaniasis (vl) patients, 12 patients with other diseases, and 37 normal controls. the test was also evaluated in 64 patients clinically diagnosed as ecl, lep ... | 2002 | 12007442 |
| evaluation of amastigote reactive cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica. | lymphoproliferative responses to three affinity chromatography purified amastigote antigens of leishmania pifanoi, p-2, p-4 and p-8, were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis. antigen-stimulated cells were analysed for the percentage of cd4+, cd8+ and cd16/56+ cells and the expressed levels of gamma interferon (ifngamma) and interleukin (il)-10 were determined in culture supernatants. the amastigote antigens induced cellular ... | 2003 | 12699423 |
| in vitro antileishmanial effects of antibacterial diterpenes from two ethiopian premna species: p. schimperi and p. oligotricha. | three antibacterial diterpenes: (5r,8r,9s,10r)-12-oxo-ent-3,13(16)-clerodien-15-oic acid (1), 16-hydroxy-clerod-3,13(14)-diene-15,16-olide (2) and ent-12-oxolabda-8,13(16)-dien-15-oic acid (3) were previously isolated form premna schimperi and p. oligotricha. since andrographolide and other structurally related diterpenes were shown to have antileishmanial activity, the aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro effect of premna diterpenes against leishmania aethiopica; the causative ag ... | 2003 | 12793911 |
| leishmanial amastigote antigen p-2 induces major histocompatibility complex class ii-dependent natural killer-cell reactivity in cells from healthy donors. | innate mechanisms involving natural killer cells have been implied to play an important role in immunity against leishmania infection. previous studies have evaluated responses to three purified amastigote antigens, p-2, p-4 and p-8, of leishmania pifanoi. the p-4 and p-8 antigens have been demonstrated to induce protection in mouse models, as well as to induce cellular responses in american cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. cells from leishmania aethiopica-infected leishmaniasis patients prefer ... | 2004 | 15030581 |
| leishmania aethiopica: strain identification and characterization of superoxide dismutase-b genes. | this study was performed to characterize the genes that code for superoxide dismutase (sod) in leishmania aethiopica. it involved three main steps: specimen collection and parasite isolation, species identification, and molecular characterization of the sod genes. out of 20 skin slit specimens cultured and processed from suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis patients enrolled in the study, five (25%) were found to be positive for motile promastigotes. isoenzyme electrophoresis and pcr-rflp results c ... | 2006 | 16516199 |
| the effect of cicerfuran, an arylbenzofuran from cicer bijugum, and related benzofurans and stilbenes on leishmania aethiopica, l. tropica and l. major. | the effect of 3 arylbenzofurans and 7 stilbenes on the growth of leishmania parasites and human monocytes was evaluated. promastigotes from cultures of l. aethiopica, l. major and l. tropica were tested in the exponential phase of growth. all compounds were active at concentrations of 100 microg/ml within 6 hours. the 2-hydroxylstibene showed activity at a concentration < 1 microg/ml, with an ld (50) of 3 - 5 microg/ml after 48 hours of incubation. the most active compounds: cicerfuran, 2-hydrox ... | 2006 | 16902862 |
| identification, sequencing and expression of peroxidoxin genes from leishmania aethiopica. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a painful, disfiguring and debilitating disease prevalent in ethiopia and other countries around the world. in ethiopia, cl is primarily caused by leishmania aethiopica and less often by l. tropica and l. major. the intracellular survival mechanisms of leishmania parasites are still not well understood. recently a new family of antioxidant enzymes called peroxidoxins have been identified that play an important role in parasite survival. in this study, we have iden ... | 2006 | 16962062 |
| leishmania (kinetoplastida): species typing with isoenzyme and pcr-rflp from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in ethiopia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is an increasing public health problem in ethiopia. there is a concern that it is spreading with increased incidence. in this study, we used isoenzyme electrophoresis and internal transcribed spacer one (its1) pcr-rflp techniques to identify leishmania species from cl patients in ethiopia. we obtained isolates from 55 localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl), 3 diffused cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl) and 36 biopsy samples from 34 lcl and 2 dcl cases from all africa lep ... | 2007 | 17083934 |
| leishmania aethiopica: identification and characterization of cathepsin l-like cysteine protease genes. | there is limited information on the biology and pathogenesis of leishmania aethiopica, causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in ethiopia. in this study we have identified and characterized two cathepsin l-like cysteine protease genes, laecpa and laecpb, from l. aethiopica. the predicted amino acid sequence of laecpa and laecpb is more than 75% identical with homologous cathepsin l-like cysteine protease genes of other leishmania species and less than 50% identical with human cathepsin ... | 2007 | 17083936 |
| outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in silti woreda, ethiopia: risk factor assessment and causative agent identification. | an outbreak of skin lesions was reported in june 2005 in the district of silti woreda, 150 km south of addis ababa, by the christian children's fund (ccf) and confirmed to be cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) by our group from the armauer hansen research institute in july 2005. a house-to-house survey of 1907 residents in three kebeles of silti woreda conducted in april 2006 showed a prevalence of 4.8%. rflp analysis of the internal transcribed spacer rna (its1) showed that leishmania aethiopica was ... | 2008 | 18479722 |
| leishmanicidal activity of yucatecan medicinal plants on leishmania species responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the leishmanicidal activity of 15 extracts and 4 pure metabolites obtained from urechites andrieuxii, colubrina greggii, dorstenia contrajerva, and tridax procumbens was evaluated using the newly developed mts ({3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium, inner salt) assay, optimized for promastigotes of leishmania major, leishmania tropica, and leishmania aethiopica, as well as for l. aethiopica axenic amastigotes. the assay was then used for calcul ... | 2009 | 18771334 |
| identification of old world leishmania spp. by specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of cysteine proteinase b genes and rapid dipstick detection. | we used the cysteine proteinase b (cpb) gene family of the trypanosomatid genus leishmania as a target to develop rapid, specific, and easy-to-use polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests to discriminate leishmania infantum, leishmania donovani, leishmania tropica, leishmania aethiopica, and leishmania major. identification of all 5 old world species and validation of intraspecies variability are features lacking in other species-specific pcrs. amplicon analysis was done on agarose gels and was fur ... | 2009 | 19097841 |
| geographical distribution and epidemiological features of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis foci, based on the isoenzyme analysis of 1048 strains. | a series of 1048 leishmania strains from old world cutaneous leishmaniasis foci, isolated between 1981 and 2005, were studied by isoenzyme analysis. the strains were obtained from humans, rodents, dogs and sandflies from 33 countries. the four typically dermotropic species, leishmania major, l. tropica, l. aethiopica and l. killicki, were found. the viscerotropic species l. donovani and l. infantum, which can occasionally be responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis, are not considered in this pap ... | 2009 | 19624480 |
| a zoonotic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in addis ababa, ethiopia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is endemic in the highlands of ethiopia, and almost always caused by leishmania aethiopica. hitherto, addis ababa (the capital city of ethiopia) was not considered endemic for cl, mainly due to absence of epidemiological and field ecological studies. this report summarizes the preliminary epidemiological investigation that proved the existence of active transmission in southeastern addis ababa. | 2009 | 19954530 |
| leishmanicidal activity of saponins isolated from the leaves of eclipta prostrata and gymnema sylvestre. | to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of saponin, dasyscyphin c of eclipta prostrata and sapogenin, gymnemagenol from gymnema sylvestre leaves under in vitro conditions. | 2009 | 20177579 |
| an enhanced method for the identification of leishmania spp. using real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the 7sl rna gene region. | the accurate identification of leishmania spp. is important for the treatment of infected patients. molecular methods offer an alternative to time-consuming traditional laboratory techniques for species determination. we redesigned a 7sl rna gene-based polymerase chain reaction and sequence assay for increased species identification. dna extracted from 17 reference strains and 10 cultured clinical isolates was examined. sequence comparison was used successfully to identify organisms to the compl ... | 2010 | 20226334 |
| successful treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica with liposomal amphothericin b in an immunocompromised traveler returning from eritrea. | abstract. cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica is rarely encountered outside disease-endemic areas and there have been no clinical trials evaluating its pharmacotherapy. we describe the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by l. aethiopica using liposomal amphothericin b in an immunocompromised traveler returning from eritrea. | 2011 | 21540377 |
| natural leishmania donovani/leishmania aethiopica hybrids identified from ethiopia. | natural hybridization events have been demonstrated between closely and distantly related leishmania groups despite a predominantly clonal and endogamically sexual mode of reproduction. here we report the first natural hybrid between leishmania aethiopica and leishmania donovani, as evidenced from the analysis of several clones from strain mhom/et/94/abauy. targeted species-identification pcrs revealed the presence of both genotypes, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms indicated that the ... | 2011 | 21558020 |
| leishmania aethiopica: development of specific and sensitive pcr diagnostic test. | pcr has proved useful for rapid diagnosis and typing of leishmania. lack of specificity to discriminate between species and/or sensitivity to detect from clinical samples has always been an issue. previously developed primers either require pcr-rflp analysis for leishmania aethiopica discrimination or lack sensitivity to detect l. aethiopica from clinical samples. here we report the development and validation of l. aethiopica specific pcr primers (v5f/v10r) based on cysteine protease b (cpb), a ... | 2011 | 21616071 |
| leishmaniasis recidivans in ethiopia: cutaneous and mucocutaneous features. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is endemic in ethiopia. an unusual clinical form of this disease is leishmaniasis recidivans (lr), a prolonged, relapsing form of cutaneous leishmaniasis resembling tuberculosis of the skin that may persist for many years with a chronic and relapsing course. this rare variant has been shown to be caused by leishmania tropica species in the old world and by leishmania braziliensis, leishmania amazonensis, leishmania panamensis, and leishmania guyanensis in the new wor ... | 2017 | 28141598 |
| study of antileishmanial activity of 2-aminobenzoyl amino acid hydrazides and their quinazoline derivatives. | a new small library of 2-aminobenzoyl amino acid hydrazide derivatives and quinazolinones derivatives was synthesized and fully characterized by ir, nmr, and elemental analysis. the activity of the prepared compounds on the growth of leishmania aethiopica promastigotes was evaluated. 2-benzoyl amino acid hydrazide showed higher inhibitory effect than the quinazoline counterpart. the in vitro antipromastigote activity demonstrated that compounds 2a, 2b, 2f and 4a had ic50 better than standard dru ... | 2017 | 28087274 |
| detection and molecular identification of leishmania rna virus (lrv) in iranian leishmania species. | leishmania rna virus (lrv) was first detected in members of the subgenus leishmania (viannia), and later, the virulence and metastasis of the new world species were attributed to this virus. the data on the presence of lrv in old world species are confined to leishmania major and a few leishmania aethiopica isolates. the aim of this study was to survey the presence of lrv in various iranian leishmania species originating from patients and animal reservoir hosts. genomic nucleic acids were extrac ... | 2016 | 27604119 |
| treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica: a systematic review. | leishmania aethiopica is the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in ethiopia and can cause severe and complicated cases such as diffuse cl (dcl), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis or extensive cl, requiring systemic treatment. despite the substantial burden, evidence-based treatment guidelines are lacking. we conducted a systematic review of clinical studies reporting on treatment outcomes of cl due to l aethiopica in order to help identify potentially efficacious medications on cl that ... | 2016 | 26938448 |
| the genetic relationship between leishmania aethiopica and leishmania tropica revealed by comparing microsatellite profiles. | leishmania (leishmania) aethiopica and l. (l.) tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniases and appear to be related. l. aethiopica is geographically restricted to ethiopia and kenya; l. tropica is widely dispersed from the eastern mediterranean, through the middle east into eastern india and in north, east and south africa. their phylogenetic inter-relationship is only partially revealed. some studies indicate a close relationship. here, eight strains of l. aethiopica were characterized genetically an ... | 2015 | 26196393 |
| new heterocyclic hybrids of pyrazole and its bioisosteres: design, synthesis and biological evaluation as dual acting antimalarial-antileishmanial agents. | a new series of pyrazole derivatives were synthesized by hybridization with five-membered heterocyclic moieties such as thiazoles, thiazolidinones, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and pyrazolines. the compounds were evaluated for their in vivo antimalarial activity against plasmodium berghei infected mice and the most active derivatives were further examined for their in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine resistant (rkl9) strain of plasmodium falciparum. compounds 2c, 2d, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 6c, 8c ... | 2015 | 25768697 |
| evaluation of some 1h-pyrazole derivatives as a dual acting antimalarial and anti-leishmanial agents. | the synthesis of a novel series of 1h-pyrazole derivatives was achieved by condensation of pyrazole aldehyde 1 with hydrazine hydrate to give hydrazone 7. on the other hand, cyclization of α,β-unsaturated ketone counterpart 2 using hydrazine hydrate in liquid aliphatic acids rendered compounds 4-6 and hydrazine hydrate in ethanol afforded compound 3. the later was allowed to react with aroyl chloride giving rise to compounds 8, 9. all compounds were tested for their in vivo anti-malarial and in ... | 2014 | 25362601 |
| phytochemistry and antileishmanial activity of the leaf latex of aloe calidophila reynolds. | leishmaniasis is a major protozoal disease threatening the lives of 350 million people throughout the world. however, the therapeutic options for the disease are limited. in the present study, the antiprotozoal activity of the latex obtained from the ethiopian plant aloe calidophila reynolds was evaluated by in vitro testing against leishmania aethiopica and leishmania major. it was found that the latex possesses moderate activity against both parasites with ic50 values of 64.05 and 82.29 µg/ml, ... | 2014 | 25066209 |
| leishmania aethiopica field isolates bearing an endosymbiontic dsrna virus induce pro-inflammatory cytokine response. | infection with leishmania parasites causes mainly cutaneous lesions at the site of the sand fly bite. inflammatory metastatic forms have been reported with leishmania species such as l. braziliensis, guyanensis and aethiopica. little is known about the factors underlying such exacerbated clinical presentations. leishmania rna virus (lrv) is mainly found within south american leishmania braziliensis and guyanensis. in a mouse model of l. guyanensis infection, its presence is responsible for an hy ... | 2014 | 24762979 |
| genetic variation in rpoiils gene encoding rna polymerase ii largest subunit from leishmania major. | leishmaniasis is a geographically widespread severe disease which includes visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). there are 350 million people at risk in over 80 countries. in the old world, cl is usually caused by leishmania major, leishmania tropica, and leishmania aethiopica complex which 90 % of cases occurring in afghanistan, algeria, iran, iraq, saudi arabia, syria, brazil, and peru. recently, some reports showed that some strains of l. major have internal transcribed space ... | 2014 | 24452714 |
| development and validation of four leishmania species constitutively expressing gfp protein. a model for drug discovery and disease pathogenesis studies. | green fluorescent protein (gfp)-parasite transfectants have been widely used as a tool for studying disease pathogenesis in several protozoan models and their application in drug screening assays has increased rapidly. in the past decade, the expression of gfp has been established in several leishmania species, mostly for in vitro studies. the current work reports generation of four transgenic parasites constitutively expressing gfp (leishmania mexicana, leishmania aethiopica, leishmania tropica ... | 2014 | 24252638 |
| multilocus microsatellite signature and identification of specific molecular markers for leishmania aethiopica. | leishmaniasis is a clinically and epidemiologically diverse zoonotic disease caused by obligatory, intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania. cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most widely distributed form of the disease characterized by skin lesions. leishmania aethiopica is considered the predominant etiological agent in ethiopia. the current study was aimed at developing multilocus microsatellite markers for l. aethiopica isolated from human cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in eth ... | 2013 | 23734874 |
| susceptibility of clinical isolates of leishmania aethiopica to miltefosine, paromomycin, amphotericin b and sodium stibogluconate using amastigote-macrophage in vitro model. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania aethiopica is a public health and social problem with a sequel of severe and mutilating skin lesions. it is manifested in three forms: localized cl (lcl), mucosal cl (mcl) and diffuse cl (dcl). unresponsiveness to sodium stibogluconate (sb(v)) is common in ethiopian cl patients. using the amastigote-macrophage in vitro model the susceptibility of 24 clinical isolates of l. aethiopica derived from untreated patients was investigated. eight strains ... | 2013 | 23434530 |
| local increase of arginase activity in lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in ethiopia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is in ethiopia mainly caused by the parasite leishmania aethiopica. this neglected tropical disease is common in rural areas and causes serious morbidity. persistent nonhealing cutaneous leishmaniasis has been associated with poor t cell mediated responses; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. | 2012 | 22720104 |
| treatment response of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania aethiopica to cryotherapy and generic sodium stibogluconate from patients in silti, ethiopia. | cutaneous leishmaniasis in ethiopia is caused mainly by leishmania aethiopica. in this study, the response of l. aethiopica to sodium stibogluconate (ssg) and liquid nitrogen in silti has been investigated. patients were divided into two groups by the treating physician and were treated with either liquid nitrogen or ssg. punch biopsy samples were collected from 54 patients with mean age of 20.61 (± 9.87 sd) years for histological characterization. the histological spectrum found to be type-1, t ... | 2012 | 22503475 |
| apoptotic induction induces leishmania aethiopica and l. mexicana spreading in terminally differentiated thp-1 cells. | leishmaniasis develops after parasites establish themselves as amastigotes inside mammalian cells and start replicating. as relatively few parasites survive the innate immune defence, intracellular amastigotes spreading towards uninfected cells is instrumental to disease progression. nevertheless the mechanism of leishmania dissemination remains unclear, mostly due to the lack of a reliable model of infection spreading. here, an in vitro model representing the dissemination of leishmania amastig ... | 2017 | 28737116 |