| leishmaniasis in south-eastern france- -ecology, epidemiology, prophylaxis. | a study of the ecology, epidemiology and prophylaxis of leishmaniasis in the southeast of france is reported; different methods of the survey are recorded. between 1965 and 1975, 972 cases of canine leishmaniasis and from 1968 to 1975 89 cases of visceral human leishmaniasis and only 3 cases of oriental sore were observed in the "bouches du rhône", "var" and "vaucluse" departments. the strains isolated from canine and human visceral leishmaniasis had a malate dehydrogenase xi whereas leishmania ... | 1975 | 7125 |
| purification and properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from leishmania tropical promastigotes. | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase specific for nadp (ec 1.1.1.49) was purified to homogeneity from leishmania tropica promastigotes. the enzyme was found to exist as dimer. the molecular weight of the native enzyme was determined to be 110 000, that of the subunit to be 55 000. the occurence of isoenzymes was demonstrated by isoelectrofocusing. isoelectric points of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were found at ph 5.5 and ph 6.8. the isoenzymes do not differ with respect to michaelis ... | 1979 | 35871 |
| leishmania in phlebotomid sandflies. vii. on the taxonomic status of leishmania peruviana, causative agent of peruvian 'uta', as indicated by its development in the sandfly, lutzomyia longipalpis. | the name leishmania peruviana was given by velez (1913) to the parasite responsible for a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis known as 'uta'; this disease occurs in the peruvian andes. clinical similarities between uta and 'oriental sore', which is caused by leishmania tropica of the eastern hemisphere, have, however, led to the suggestion that uta is simply due to l. tropica, which was introduced into latin america by african slaves or european immigrants. leishmania species are divisible into thre ... | 1979 | 43976 |
| leishmania mexicana and leishmania tropica: cross immunity in c57bl/6 mice. | | 1979 | 88370 |
| recognition of protozoan parasite antigens by murine t lymphocytes. i. induction of specific t lymphocyte-dependent proliferative response to leishmania tropica. | | 1979 | 93546 |
| catabolism of adenosine 5'-monophosphate in promastigotes of leishmania tropica. | the specific activities of enzymes participating in amp-catabolizing reactions in promastigotes of leishmania tropica were determined. the following sequence of reactions is suggested: amp leads to adenosine leads to adenine leads to hypoxanthine. the initial enzyme of this sequence, amp nucleotidase, is apparently membrane-bound. the significance of amp catabolism with respect to adenylate energy charge and a signal transfering mechanism is discussed. adenine deaminase has been partially purifi ... | 1978 | 103264 |
| purine nucleotide metabolism in promastigotes of leishmania tropica: inhibitory effect on allopurinol and analogues of purine nucleosides. | the catabolism of adenosine 5'-monophosphate in promastigotes of l. tropica suggests the presence of a parasite specific pathway. in continuing the investigation on enzymes of this pathway two purine nucleoside cleaving enzymes have been found, adenosine phosphorylase and inosine nucleosidase. various purine nucleoside analogues inhibited the activity of both enzymes. a mode of action of the growth inhibition of l. tropica promastigotes by allopurinol has been suggested on the basis of michaelis ... | 1978 | 105434 |
| leishmanial excreted factor: protein-bound and free forms from promastigote cultures of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani. | leishmania spp. growing in culture produce an immunologically active substance called excreted factor (ef), which precipitates antibodies raised against intact cells and has been implicated as the conditioning agent for parasite infection of host macrophages. an improved method for isolation of the material is described, based on sephadex column chromatography of growth medium which had been boiled at ph 5.0. this procedure allows the detection of differences among the ef molecules of different ... | 1979 | 118936 |
| [virulent properties of leishmania tropica major strains isolated from sandflies in the subzone of the northern deserts]. | on the territory of the karakalpak assr the infection of sand flies ph. papatasi, ph. caucasicus, ph. andrejevi and ph. monogolensis with the agent l. tropica major ammounts, on the average, to 39.3%. the virulence of 88 investigated strains of leishmania for white mice estimated by their infection and the duration of incubation was found to be different; one half of the strains had high, one third--average, and the other strains--low virulence. | 1976 | 134342 |
| [distribution characteristics of leishmania tropica major strains of differing virulence in natural and territorial complexes of the murgab eco-area (southeastern turkmenistan)]. | in september--october of 1973 and 1974 263 specimens of rhombomys opimus were shot in the territory of the murghab stationar. the seeding of the material (a piece of tissue) from all animals into nnn medium was done. 9 strains of l. tropica major were isolated from this material the virulence of which was studied on 2.5--3 months--old golden hamsters, cricetus auratus. differences in the virulence of the isolated strains according to their natural-territorial complexes are shown. these differenc ... | 1977 | 145568 |
| experimental therapy of mice infected with leishmania tropica. | | 1979 | 222158 |
| respiratory chain components of leishmania tropica promastigotes. | crude preparations of kinetoplast vesicles were used to investigate the respiratory chain components in leishmania tropica promastigotes. in difference spectra from enzymically and chemically reduced preparations, cytochrome b was the predominant component. by utilizing special assays designed to minimize the influence of cytochrome b on difference spectra, cytochromes a, a3 and c555 were demonstrated. difference spectra from chemically reduced preparations indicated that pyridine nucleotides (n ... | 1979 | 225490 |
| identification of the terminal respiratory chain in kinetoplast . mitochondrial complexes of leishmania tropica promastigotes. | | 1979 | 227890 |
| a comparative study of the ribonucleic acids of three species of trypanosomatids. | | 1978 | 299637 |
| stimulation by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor of leishmania tropica killing by macrophages. | the intracellular protozoan parasite leishmania tropica was found to survive unharmed and to multiply for several days in normal mouse peritoneal macrophages. in contrast, when infected monolayers were treated with gm-csf, there was a continuous decrease in the percentage of infected cells, reaching less than 10% on day 4 in culture, compared to about 30% in normal controls. microscopic observations showed an increased number of dead parasites in gm-csf treated infected cells. within 5 hr of inc ... | 1979 | 312818 |
| murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: disease patterns in intact and nude mice of various genotypes and examination of some differences between normal and infected macrophages. | the course of the disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite leishmania tropica, differs markedly amongst various common inbred mouse strains. after intradermal injection of 1 x 10(6) promastigotes to young female specific pathogen-free (spf) derived mice, persistent infection characterized by an expanding ulcerous lesion is seen in balb/c and dba/2 mice. in the strains cba/h, c3h/he and a/j, lesions resolve within 8 weeks, and in c57b1/6 mice no real lesion ... | 1979 | 314286 |
| [obtaining antigen from dried cultures of leishmania tropica]. | | 1977 | 324172 |
| antibody responses in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis of the old world. | 74 persons of northern european origin with recent primary exposure to leishmania tropica in saudi arabia were examined for their antibody responses to leishmaniae with the fluorescent antibody test (fat), the complement fixation reaction. (cfr), and the indirect hemagglutination test (iha). the fat detected antibodies to l. donovani in 19 of the 41 individuals with acute lesions or scars characteristic of cutaneous leishmaniasis but in none of the 33 individuals without lesions. our data sugges ... | 1978 | 354144 |
| in vitro suppression of lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogen and antigen by leishmania tropica. | cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses are important in the immunity against leishmania spp. infection in man. however, an infection continues to persist for a limited or indefinite period of time in spite of demonstrable cmi. the factors which allow the infection to persist in the presence of the cmi are hitherto unknown. evidence is presented here that leishmania tropica or their products suppress the in vitro proliferative response of normal human lymphocytes to mitogen and specific antigens. t ... | 1978 | 357053 |
| [characteristics of formation of humoral antibodies in albino mice in experimental infection with leishmania tropica major and leishmania tropica minor]. | | 1977 | 412046 |
| experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis with leishmania tropica in albino hairless mice, mus musculus. | | 1979 | 442180 |
| a model in mice for experimental leishmaniasis with a west african strain of leishmania tropica. | | 1979 | 453443 |
| analysis by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of an immunologically active factor of leishmania tropica from growth media, promastigotes, and infected macrophages. | | 1979 | 454388 |
| leishmania tropica: pathogenicity and in vitro macrophage function in strains of inbred mice. | | 1979 | 456468 |
| ecological studies at hofuf, eastern saudi arabia, in relation to dermal leishmaniasis. | field and laboratory investigations were carried out in connection with an epidemic of dermal leishmaniasis in hofuf, eastern province of saudi arabia, during 1977. in this present note emphasis is laid on description of the population dynamics and species spectrum of the sandflies, the occurrence of the vector and the course of the epidemic of leishmania tropica in correlation with the sandfly population and the natural reservoir and the rodent population. | 1979 | 483384 |
| transport of l-proline and its regulation in leishmania tropica promastigotes. | leishmania tropica promastigotes transport l-proline through an active uptake system that has saturation kinetics, temperature dependence, a requirement for metabolic energy and transport against a concentration gradient. in experiments lasting 10 min, less than 10% of the proline transported is incorporated into macromolecules. the remainder is largely unaltered proline with an intracellular concentration nearly 60 times that in the reaction mixture. the uptake system has a relatively broad spe ... | 1979 | 490435 |
| polyamine synthesis and levels during the growth and replication of leishmania tropica minor and leishmania aethiopica. | | 1979 | 499494 |
| development of a storable leishmania tropica vaccine: field testing with frozen promastigotes. | the development of a frozen vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis offers the possibility of controlling the quality, efficiency and sterility of the promastigotes used for inoculation. thirty-nine soldiers in a settlement in a hyperendemic area were inoculated with a fresh isolate of leishmania tropica that was stored at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. thirty of the soldiers were injected by conventional syringe while the rest were inoculated by an intradermal jet injector. the infective m ... | 1979 | 511513 |
| scanning electron-microscopic study of the uptake of leishmania parasites by macrophages. | the interaction of promastigotes of the protozoan parasite leishmania tropica with mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was studied by scanning electron microscopy. motile promastigotes attached to host cells by their flagellar tips to which the macrophages responded by producing rather closely fitting lamellar sheaths and progressively enveloping first the flagellum and then the body of the parasite. lamellar advance during engulfment was rapid in the first 10 min but much slower later on. ful ... | 1979 | 528580 |
| generalized infection and lack of delayed hypersensitivity in balb/c mice infected with leishmania tropica major. | the susceptibility of a few strains of mice to a subcutaneous injection of leishmania tropica major, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans, was studied. the infection in six strains (cba, akr/j, akr/cu, c57bl/6, a/j, and c3h) remained cutaneous, and the animals recovered within 3 to 4 months. in contast, the infection in balb/c became generalized and killed 1005 of infected animals. intraperitoneal injection of infected liver of balb/c to a/j and syngeneic mice produced a leth ... | 1979 | 546790 |
| observations on immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis in israel. | trials of immunization against leishmania tropica were initiated in the israel defense forces in 1968. the rate of takes has declined gradually over the years. in 1975, 425 soldiers were inoculated with the same strain of l. tropica as that used since 1968; they were examined at three- and six-month intervals after the inoculation, with 291 soldiers undergoing at least one follow-up examination. only 13.7% developed lesions at the inoculation site, usually between three and six months after the ... | 1978 | 649349 |
| blast transformation in different stages of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | lymphoblast transformation was studied in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, in immune donors with scars of leishmanial lesions and in normal control subjects. lymphocytes from immune donors and from some of the patients were stimulated by extracts of leishmania tropica. the test can be used as a measure of immunity and may, in certain circumstances, be of help in differential diagnosis. | 1978 | 649353 |
| leishmania tropica and leishmania mexicana: cross-immunity in mice. | | 1978 | 668843 |
| levamisole therapy of chronic leishmania tropica. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in parts of saudi arabia. levamisole used as a stimulant of cell mediated immunity has been shown in this study to produce good therapeutic response in clinical trials in the chronic form of this disease. levamisole may prove to be the treatment of choice in the chronic form of leishmania tropica. | 1978 | 731764 |
| circulating antibodies in cutaneous leishmaniasis: their detection by immunofluorescence. | with the use of an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test and freeze-dried antigens, circulating antibody titres of 1 in 100 or above to leishmania tropica leptomonad forms were detected in 66-6% and 76-2% of 18 patients with active and 21 patients with healed cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. cross-reactivity was observed with l. donovani and trypanosoma cruzi antigens. five out of 15 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis had antibodies to l. tropica major, suggesting a possible cr ... | 1975 | 779154 |
| leishmania tropica infections in travellers. | oriental sore (acute cutaneous leishmaniasis) is usually a self-limited infection of the skin caused by the protozoan leishmania tropica. this disease is endemic to the mediterranean, asia, africa, and the middle east, and is seen in this country among travellers and immigrants. we found four cases at the university of michigan and diagnosed and treated the disorder. some of the treatments currently recommended for this disease are potentially toxic, and none have been proved to be of real value ... | 1976 | 786180 |
| application of immunofluorescence to detection of antibody in leishmania infections. | indirect immunofluorescence was used for determination of antibody in human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, mice infected with leishmania tropica and guinea pigs infected with l. enriettii. results indicated that antibody in mice is detectable 23 days after infection with l. tropica. the antibody titre correlates well with the extent of infection. in guinea pigs infected with l. enriettii, antibody appears much faster and is detectable 12 days after infection. here also the antibody titre incr ... | 1976 | 788659 |
| immune response to leishmania tropica in macaca mulatta. | clinical resistance to primary, secondary, and tertiary infections with leishmania tropica, cellular- and humoral-immune responses, and the effects of antilymphocyte globulin (alg) therapy on these parameters were studied in rhesus monkeys. cellular immunity was assessed by in vitro blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in the presence of l. tropica antigen. humoral-immune response was detected by the agglutination of trypsinized organisms. in the monkeys, it was found that (a) immunity did not ... | 1976 | 817009 |
| leishmania tropica infections. | | 1977 | 831613 |
| the ultrastructure of leishmania tropica in skin lesions. | the ultrastructure of the amastigote stage of leishmania tropica has been studied. the present work reports on new observations on the fine structure of the basal body, prokinosome and flagellum. the basal body is composed of a centriole-like structure and a transitional zone continuous with the proximal part of the flagellum. the centriole-like part consists of nine peripheral triplet tubules and an indistinct dense central core. the transitional zone consists of nine peripheral doublet tubules ... | 1977 | 855664 |
| leishmania tropica: uptake of methionine by promastigotes. | | 1977 | 862712 |
| leishmania tropica: regulation and specificity of the methionine transport system in promastigotes. | | 1977 | 862713 |
| the effect of bcg on experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice. | the effect of administration of live bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg), a nonspecific immunostimulant, on the course of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice was investigated. balb/c mice were injected in the footpad with leishmania tropica, nih s-strain; in mice that were not pretreated with bcg this produced a reproducible fatal infection characterized by local inflammation, regional lymphadenopathy, and dissemination of parasites with hepatosplenomegaly. in mice that were pretreated with ... | 1977 | 864260 |
| the ultrastructural changes of leishmania tropica after treatment with pentamidine. | the effect of the antiprotozoal drug pentamidine on the ultrastructure of the amastigote stage of leishmania tropica was studied. the most remarkable change introduced by the treatment occurred in the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex. all mitochondria were extremely enlarged and most kinetoplasts disintegrated into a network of fine filaments. the flagellar pocket was frequently dilated and filled with various quantities of double-membrane bounded bodies ejected from the pocket wall. the multiv ... | 1977 | 869606 |
| isolation of a carbohydrate-rich immunologically active factor from cultures of leishmania tropica. | | 1977 | 891992 |
| growth of leishmania amastigotes in macrophages from normal and immune mice. | an in vitro system of prolonged culture of leishmania tropica amastigotes in mouse macrophages is presented. the division rate of parasites was monitored by microscopic observations and by 3h-thymidine incorporation. the dynamics of macrophage infection and parasite division are influenced by the initial rate of promastigotes per cells in culture. parasites multiply, gradually infect and finally destroy all available macrophages from normal mice releasing large numbers of viable amastigotes. mac ... | 1977 | 919689 |
| [factors causing death of mice infected with the culture of leishmania tropica major]. | | 1977 | 927365 |
| [effect of the dose of leishmania tropica major culture on antibody formation in mice with cutaneous leishmaniasis]. | | 1977 | 927378 |
| [fate of the promastigotes of leishmania tropica major and l. gymnodactyli in the body of phlebotomus papatasi under conditions of a mixed infection]. | experimental infection of males and females of phlebotomus papatasi sc. with leishmania tropica major from man and l. gimnodactyli from agama sanguinolenta was carried out in order to obtain mixed infection. sand flies from the laboratory culture were successively infected with promastigotes of each species of leishmania by means of compulsory dose feeding according to alekseev's method. for identification of leishmania cultures isolated from experimentally infected sand flies alder's serologica ... | 1976 | 940687 |
| [electron microscopic investigation of the leishmaniasis cutanea. i. leishmania tropica in the tissue (author's transl)]. | on two patients suffering from leishmaniasis cutanea from the old world florid and later a residual lesion could be removed for electron-mircroscopic examination, and the following was found: 1. a pseudocarcinomatous follicular epidermal proliferation in the florid lesion. 2. macrophages with one to three leishmania cells can be proved in histiocytes nests. the parasites are not always clearly surrounded by host cell membrane. 3. the endocellular leishmania cells have a ciliary system which is o ... | 1976 | 942259 |
| specificity of the glucose transport system in leishmania tropica promastigotes. | the glucose transport system in leishmania tropica promastigotes was characterized by the use of labeled 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dog), a nonmetabolizable glucose analog. the uptake system has a q10 of 2 and a heat of activation of 10.2 kcal/mole. the glucose transport system is subject to competitive inhibition by 2-dog, glucosamine, n-acetyl glucosamine, mannose, galactose, and fructose which suggests that substitutions in the hexose chain at carbons 2 and 4 do not affect carrier specificity. in c ... | 1976 | 972353 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniasis: an autochtonous case in switzerland?]. | different kinds of phlebotomus, which are responsible for the infectiousness of cutaneous leishmaniasis, have been identified at different places in europe. the pathogenic agent, leishmania tropica, essentially linked to climatic circumstances, seems slowly to gain ground north of the mediterranean sea. the chance of having an autochthonous case in ticino (southern switzerland) is existing. a treatment with rifampicin has been successful. | 1976 | 1001590 |
| [biological properties of promastigotes of leishmania having undergone lyophilization]. | materials are presented of a comparative study of morphological and cultural properties and virulence of liophylized cultures of leishmania tropica major after their rehydration or after a long passage on the nnn medium. results of investigations of two initial strains and three substrains obtained after the recovery of liophylized cultures have shown that liophylization does not reduce essentially the initial strain virulence. the strains undergone liophylization and passed repeatedly on the nn ... | 1976 | 1026908 |
| anti-leishmania activity of normal animal sera. | the growth inhibition activity of normal human, dog, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, sheep, cat, mouse and chicken sera was quantified against leishmania enriettii and leishmania tropica. the pattern of anti-l. enriettii activity of various animal sera was somewhat different from that observed in l. tropica. against l. enriettii, mouse serum was inactive, and against l. tropica rat and mouse sera were inactive. all the other animal sera tested had growth inhibition activity on both leishmanias. this gr ... | 1975 | 1124967 |
| ecological causes of predominance of some mammals as reservoirs of leishmania tropica major in turanian deserts. | | 1975 | 1158296 |
| leishmania tropica presenting macrocheilia. report of a case. | | 1975 | 1183693 |
| [comparative electron microscope studies on the labelling leishmania donovani, leishmania tropica and leishmania braziliensis with ferritin (author's transl)]. | the labelling of negative charges on the cell surface of the developing promastigote forms in leishmania donovani, l. tropica and l. braziliensis was determined using cationized ferritin and electron microscopy. ferritin deposits were seen exclusively on the pellicle, since they cannot penetrate the cell membrane. the ferritin particles were distributed in regular rows covering the whole cell surface. the mean diameter of the particles was 8.76 nm and at a magnification of 104.000 an average of ... | 1975 | 1216327 |
| a comparative study of modified media for cultivation of leishmania tropica. | | 1975 | 1222979 |
| toxicity of bilirubin to leishmania tropica promastigotes. | | 1976 | 1253883 |
| the effect of leishmania tropica on stimulation of lymphocytes with phytohaemagglutinin. | cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses are important in the immunity against leishmanial infections. however, infection persists in the presence of cmi for unknown reasons. evidence is presented that l. tropica and its products are capable of inhibition of the stimulation of lymphocytes by pha. this inhibition is dose dependent, and not dependent on competition for nutrients in the medium, nor on neutralization of pha. the inhibition is observed on the lymphocytes of species susceptible to leishma ... | 1976 | 1278934 |
| leishmaniasis and the arabian gulf. | | 1992 | 1285153 |
| the identity of leishmania tropica in kenya. | | 1992 | 1287917 |
| axenic cultivation of amastigotes of leishmania donovani and leishmania major and their infectivity. | two clones of promastigotes, one of leishmania donovani and one of l. major, and an uncloned stock of l. major were axenically transformed to heat-shock amastigotes, at 35 and 37 degrees c, respectively. of the four different culture media tested, a relatively cheap, liquid medium, rblm, was found to be the best, both for the transformation of the promastigotes and the serial, axenic cultivation of the amastigotes. in an experiment of 30 days duration, serial cultivation, in an atmosphere with 5 ... | 1992 | 1288430 |
| [leishmania major mon-117, an agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mauritania]. | the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mauritania is identified for the first time as leishmania major mon-117, a new zymodeme closely related to mon-26. the authors point out the need to study this previously unknown focus. | 1992 | 1290377 |
| ecoepidemiology of leishmaniases in syria. 3. leishmania major infection in psammomys obesus provides clues to life history of the rodent and possible control measures. | collections of psammomys obesus from near damascus, syria in may 1990 and november 1991 contained animals of all ages. both series had a high prevalence of leishmania major infection. lesions were small in november and large in may. assuming the two collections were representative of typical years, it is inferred that the breeding season is between october and may: there is high winter mortality of animals born early in the breeding season, but high survival of their parents, and there is high m ... | 1992 | 1301732 |
| cellular responses of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) experimentally infected with leishmania major. | | 1992 | 1307757 |
| thymidine kinase as a negative selectable marker in leishmania major. | | 1992 | 1315415 |
| febrile illness in a desert storm veteran. | | 1992 | 1331138 |
| a new rural focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica in kenya. | we have identified a new rural focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica in muruku sublocation, salama location, laikipia district, rift valley province, kenya. based on a few available case histories, previous reports of l. tropica in kenya indicated a tentative geographical distribution. recently 6 indigenous kenyans from the new focus, who had never travelled outside kenya, developed cutaneous lesions on the face and/or extremities found to contain leishmania by culture an ... | 1992 | 1332221 |
| immunobiology of experimental leishmaniasis. | self-cure versus uncontrolled disease progression in experimental murine cutaneous leishmaniasis depends upon a delicate interplay among various activated cells of the host's immune system. susceptibility or resistance to infection with leishmania major is correlated with the ability of different inbred strains of mice to produce the characteristic spectra of lymphokines upon infection. appropriate experimental interventions now allow the modulation of these responses, providing the possibility ... | 1992 | 1349724 |
| immunology of leishmaniasis. | resolution of leishmanial infections requires the expansion of specific type 1 t helper cells that secrete or express on their membrane lymphokines capable of activating macrophages that contain these parasites to a microbicidal state. specific cd8+ t cells, which are triggered during infection, also appear to play a role in protective immunity, possibly through their ability to secrete interferon-gamma. in the mouse model of infection with leishmania major, the expansion of specific type 2 t he ... | 1992 | 1356346 |
| recombinant kinetoplast dna (kdna) probe for identifying leishmania tropica. | the paper reports on the construction of a kdna library with dna isolated from the who reference strain of leishmania tropica ic-305 and subsequent identification and propagation of recombinant plasmids containing l. tropica kdna sequences. it also shows that the cloned kdna sequences can be used as genetic markers in restriction endonuclease, southern blot transfer, and dot blot hybridisation analysis, to identify l. tropica parasites. when the pl 305-i kdna probe was used in hybridisation expe ... | 1992 | 1359756 |
| role of t cell subsets during the recall of immunologic memory to leishmania major. | the contributions of different t cell subpopulations to the maintenance of immunity during secondary leishmania major infections were analyzed in healed, resistant animals by depletion of t cell subsets in vivo. the strong delayed-type hypersensitivity mounted in immune genetically resistant mice upon challenge with viable promastigotes was mediated by both cd4+ and cd8+ t cells. each t cell subpopulation alone contributes, although to a different extent, to the resolution of secondary lesions; ... | 1992 | 1359969 |
| identification of a macrophage-binding determinant on lipophosphoglycan from leishmania major promastigotes. | leishmania are obligatory intracellular parasites in mammalian macrophages that gain entry by receptor-mediated phagocytosis. their major cell surface glycoconjugate, lipophosphoglycan (lpg), has been implicated in this process. a monoclonal antibody specific for leishmania major lpg (wic 79.3), which has been shown to block promastigote attachment to macrophages, was used to identify a macrophage-binding determinant of lpg. wic 79.3 bound exclusively to the phosphorylated repeats of lpg and not ... | 1992 | 1370357 |
| genomic organisation and expression of a differentially-regulated gene family from leishmania major. | we have isolated and characterised a differentially-regulated gene family in the protozoan parasite leishmania major. the family contains 5 genes linked within a 10kb region of the genome: three of the genes are closely related in dna sequence, the other two have only limited homology. post-transcriptional control of the differential expression pattern is suggested by detection of precursor rna molecules containing intergenic sequences and evidence that mature mrna molecules contain a 35nt splic ... | 1992 | 1371863 |
| [the identification of marker strains of leishmania major, l. turanica and l. gerbilli by the polymer chain reaction with a universal primer]. | the leningrad nuclear physics institute, academy of science of the ussr, and martsinovskiĭ institute of medical parasitology and tropical medicine, ussr ministry of health, developed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique with universal primer 3-2 for leishmania identification. the primers were patented in the ussr (patent no 4757254, 1989). reference strains of three leishmania species were identified: l. major--mrho/su/59/neal p; l. gerbilli--mrho/cn/60/gerbilli; l. turanica--mrho/su/80/cl ... | 1992 | 1380631 |
| developmental modification of lipophosphoglycan during the differentiation of leishmania major promastigotes to an infectious stage. | protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania produce the novel surface glycoconjugate, lipophosphoglycan (lpg), which is required for parasite infectivity. in this study we show that lpg structure is modified during the differentiation of l. major promastigotes from a less infectious form in logarithmic growth phase to a highly infectious 'metacyclic' form during stationary growth phase. in both stages, the lpgs comprise linear chains of phosphorylated oligosaccharide repeat units which are ancho ... | 1992 | 1396559 |
| treatment of murine macrophages with interferon-gamma inhibits their ability to bind leishmania promastigotes. | the binding of leishmania promastigotes to macrophages pretreated with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) was compared to binding to untreated (resident) cells. ifn-gamma-treated macrophages bound fewer leishmania promastigotes than did untreated cells. the decreased binding was apparent over a wide dose range of parasite inocula when the assays were performed in the absence of exogenous complement. this decrease was specific to leishmania, since treated and untreated macrophages bound comparable amou ... | 1992 | 1402387 |
| leishmania infections damage the feeding mechanism of the sandfly vector and implement parasite transmission by bite. | leishmania parasites are transmitted by the bites of infected female sandflies by a mechanism that has not been clarified. leishmania infections in the vector develop only in the gut, and the parasites' exit is through the food channel in the proboscis. the problem is how during the bite, when blood flows in, parasites are emitted through the same channel in the opposite direction. it is well documented that infected sandflies maintained on sugar diets are potent vectors, whereas transmission fa ... | 1992 | 1409724 |
| niche breadth in parasites: an evolutionarily stable strategy model, with special reference to the protozoan parasite leishmania. | a parasite's host range essentially defines its niche breadth, which, as foraging theory predicts, is influenced by resource availability. for parasites, the interaction of infection and transmission characteristics with host population dynamics determines host availability. an epidemiological model, involving two host types and describing competition between a "generalist" parasite strain and a related "specialist" strain, is used to examine the interplay among host range, relative host availab ... | 1992 | 1412071 |
| topical treatment of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania major: a double-blind control study. | a controlled study of the efficacy of topical paromomycin sulfate (pr) and methylbenzethonium chloride (mbcl) in cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) has not yet been performed. | 1992 | 1430361 |
| [the serological examination of the population for leishmaniasis and the detection of leishmania in rodents in the republic of guinea]. | a serological study on leishmaniasis in human population of guinea revealed the percentage of seropositive persons varying in different parts of the country from 0.84 to 4.76 (according to c-elisa) and from 1.0 to 5.1 (according to ifat). the majority of sera positively reacting in c-elisa with the antigen of leishmania major in dilutions of 1:800 and higher were received from kundara district (northwestern part of the country), and with the antigen of l. donovani sensu lato from sigiri and kank ... | 1992 | 1435540 |
| [antibody detection in zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis by using the indirect immunofluorescence reaction and c-elisa in different clinical manifestations of the disease]. | 189 sera from patients with zcl of different stages were studied by means of rnif and c-elisa. a high significant correlation between rnif and c-elisa indices was shown, but the latter test was proved to be more sensitive and therefore more effective. in patients with zcl, a significant direct correlation between the duration of the process and the antibody titer was established by means of c-elisa. in patients with zcl at the third (final) stage (reduction and granulation of lesions), the c-eli ... | 1992 | 1435548 |
| dynamics and size polymorphisms of minichromosomes in leishmania major lv-561 cloned lines. | various lines and cloned lines of leishmania major of varying degrees of virulence in balb/c mice possessed size polymorphic multicopy minichromosomes related to previously described ld1/cd1 and 715-class dnas of leishmania. the minichromosomes were not necessary for virulence. two of these dnas (m180 and m210), coexisting in a single cloned line, showed remarkable dynamics in terms of loss or gain when followed through multiple transfers during in vitro culture and in vivo passage in balb/c mic ... | 1992 | 1435877 |
| comparison of leishmania infections in sandflies fed with two types of feeders. | | 1992 | 1449280 |
| a possible animal reservoir for leishmania tropica s.l. in kenya. | | 1992 | 1449281 |
| effects of long-term in vitro cultivation on the virulence of cloned lines of leishmania major promastigotes. | the virulences of several clones from a single leishmania major strain were studied in balb/c mice. clones showed the same pattern of infectivity and virulence two months after cloning as the parental population. after prolonged in vitro culture, however, it was apparent that two types of virulent clones existed: although the level of virulence remained stable in some clones, in others, such as c-11, it progressively decreased, as in the parental population. the progressive loss in virulence in ... | 1992 | 1463354 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in kabul: observations on a 'prolonged epidemic'. | cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in kabul have increased steadily in number since the first report, in 1964. this increase is despite insecticide application in houses and intensive detection and treatment of cases. the age distribution of infection remains as it was in 1972, and approximates that of the afghan population. there is no evidence of accumulating immunity in the population. multiple lesions are infrequent, but commoner on older people, and tend to be located on the arms and legs rather ... | 1992 | 1463356 |
| a strategy to improve the efficacy of vaccination against tuberculosis and leprosy. | the pathogens responsible for leprosy, tuberculosis and the leishmaniases can induce different classes of immunity, but protection is provided only by a cell-mediated response. here, peter bretscher proposes a strategy to achieve an immunological imprint that ensures a stable cell-mediated response upon natural infection. | 1992 | 1466750 |
| role of t cells in immunity to the intracellular pathogen, leishmania major. | | 1992 | 1485362 |
| a painless, enlarging skin ulcer in a young immigrant. | | 1992 | 1492068 |
| leishmania tropica infection in hamsters and a review of the animal pathogenicity of this species. | four strains of leishmania tropica s. st. from afghanistan were found to be constantly infective to the golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus), whether inoculated as culture promastigotes from early passages or as amastigotes from the cutaneous lesions. in total, 66 amastigote passages were carried out over 6 passage generations. the footpad lesions were chronic and nonulcerative infiltrates; their evolution is described up to 15 months. no self-healing was observed. balb/c mice and gerbils were ... | 1992 | 1493875 |
| leishmania major and leishmania donovani: effect of lpg-containing and lpg-deficient strains on monocyte chemotaxis and chemiluminescence. | lipophosphoglycan (lpg) is a major glycolipid present on the membrane of leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes. we have previously shown that preincubation of peripheral blood monocytes with purified lpg inhibits il-1 production, chemotactic locomotion, and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (ldcl). in the present study we tested the effect of lpg present on live parasites on monocyte activity. for this purpose, we used two mutant strains deficient in lpg and two lpg-containing strains. one ... | 1992 | 1493876 |
| ifn-gamma and delayed-type hypersensitivity are associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis in vervet monkeys following secondary rechallenge with leishmania major. | ifn-gamma levels and delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses were evaluated in vervet monkeys, following secondary infection with leishmania major (l. major). the animals had previously been vaccinated with leishmanial antigen, exposed to a primary infection and allowed to self-cure. supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) cultures, stimulated with either l. major antigen or concanavalin a (con a), were examined for the presence of ifn-gamma in a double sandwich enzyme-lin ... | 1992 | 1514049 |
| leishmania major: differential regulation of the surface metalloprotease in amastigote and promastigote stages. | during its life cycle, the protozoan parasite leishmania major alternates from an intracellular amastigote form in the mammalian host to a flagellated promastigote form in the insect vector. the expression of the surface metalloprotease (psp) during differentiation in vitro was investigated by western and northern blots, by immunoprecipitation of cells metabolically labeled with [35s]methionine or labeled at the surface with radioactive iodine, and by quantification of the proteolytic activity i ... | 1992 | 1516667 |
| parasitic oligosaccharide residues recognized by patients with mucocutaneous and localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. | humoral immune responses were studied in 118 venezuelan patients with either active mucocutaneous (mcl) or localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl). most patients had elevated antibody levels to the six promastigote oligosaccharide residues studied: galactosyl(alpha 1-2)galactose, galactosyl(alpha 1-3)galactose, galactosyl(alpha 1-6)galactose, galactosyl(alpha 1-3)mannose, galactofuranosyl(beta 1-3)mannose, and galactocerebroside. significantly higher antibody levels were found in patients with m ... | 1992 | 1524141 |
| il-4 induces a th2 response in leishmania major-infected mice. | the infection of mice with leishmania major can cause either a fatal disseminated disease or a localized healing disease, depending on the genetic background of the mice. a strong correlation has been shown between disease outcome and the nature of the t cell response, with healer strains developing a th1-like response and nonhealer strains a th2-like response. the treatment of nonhealer balb/c mice with a single dose of an anti-il-4 antibody, given at the time of infection with l. major, allowe ... | 1992 | 1531351 |
| identification of the defect in lipophosphoglycan biosynthesis in a non-pathogenic strain of leishmania major. | the major macromolecule on the surface of the protozoan parasite, leishmania major, is a complex lipophosphoglycan (lpg), which is anchored to the plasma membrane by an inositol-containing phospholipid. a defect in lpg biosynthesis is thought to be responsible for the avirulence of the l. major strain lrc l119 in mice. in order to identify the nature of this defect we have characterized two truncated forms of lpg, which are accumulated in this strain, by one- and two-dimensional 500-mhz 1h nmr s ... | 1992 | 1532574 |
| catalase inhibits nitric oxide synthesis and the killing of intracellular leishmania major in murine macrophages. | mouse peritoneal macrophages activated with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide produce substantial amounts of nitric oxide (no), which correlates with the elimination of the intracellular protozoan parasite leishmania major. both the production of no and the leishmanicidal function of the activated macrophages can be significantly inhibited by catalase in a dose- and time-dependent manner. these results could not be interpreted by the reduction of h2o2 by catalase since the remo ... | 1992 | 1537380 |
| from the centers for disease control. viscerotropic leishmaniasis in persons returning from operation desert storm--1990-1991. | | 1992 | 1538526 |