| in vitro efficacy of some drugs on promastigotes of leishmania donovani. | sodium stibogluconate, metronidazole and dehydroemetine roche were tested for their in vitro action on the mobility, morphology and survival of promastigotes of leishmania donovani. at low concentrations, sodium stibogluconate, the drug of choice for kala azar treatment in iraq proved to be poorly effective in the prevention of promastigotes growth in vitro. on the other hand, both metronidazole and dehydroemetine roche at low concentrations were highly effective in the prevention of promastigo ... | 1977 | 16732 |
| phosphofructokinase of leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis and its role in glycolysis. | it was shown in an investigation of the phosphofructokinases of leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis that both enzymes are similar to that of crithidia fasciculata. although the enzymes are allosteric with respect to their substrates and require amp for activation, there is no influence by other heterotropic modifiers. the mg2+-atp chelate activates these enzymes in a first order process and they can be inhibited by free atp. the inhibition is reversed by the activator, amp, in a comp ... | 1977 | 18601 |
| the effect of 4-nitroquinoline 1- oxide on macromolecular synthesis in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | | 1977 | 20270 |
| leishmania donovani and l. braziliensis: function of pyruvate kinase. | | 1977 | 23305 |
| trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania donovani, and l. mexicana: extract factor that lyses mammalian cells. | | 1979 | 35361 |
| regulation of leishmania populations within the host. iv. parasite and host cell kinetics studied by radioisotope labelling. | tritiated thymidine pulse labelling followed by autoradiography has been used to analyse the kinetics of leishmania donovani infections within the mouse host. resistant strains of mice show much lower parasite proliferation rates than do susceptible strains. in chronic infections the rate is also reduced. parasitised mononuclear phagocytes may undergo mitosis. no evidence for selective destruction of parasitised cells in chronic infections was found by labelling methods. it is possible to get pa ... | 1979 | 41426 |
| glycoproteins released by leishmania donovani: immunologic relationships with host and bacterial antigens and preliminary biochemical analysis. | the antigenically active glycoproteins (aagp) released by leishmania donovani strain 3s promatigotes into growth media and by amastigotes of this strain into the tissue, e.g. blood, of infected hamsters was found to consist of 6 to 7 antigenically distinct components. the antigenic activity of these glycoproteins was resistant to freeze-thawing, protease treatment, and purification by column chromatography using sephadex g-100. this activity, however, was destroyed by na periodate and altered by ... | 1978 | 84074 |
| synthesis of 2-substituted primaquine analogues as potential antimalarials. | a series of 2-substituted primaquine analogues has been synthesized and evaluated against plasmodium berghei in the mouse and leishmania donovani in the hamster. three members (3a,d,e) of the series were evaluated against plasmodium cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey. one analogue (3d) was evaluated against trypanosoma rhodesiense in the mouse, and two (3b,e) were evaluated against schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. several analogues possessed significant activity against p. berghei (3e,f) and l. don ... | 1978 | 102798 |
| leishmania donovani: physicochemical, immunological, and biological characterization of excreted factor from promastigotes. | | 1979 | 108128 |
| antimalarials. 11. synthesis of 3- and 5-aminoquinolines as potential antimalarials. | a series of 3-quinolinediamines (1g, 2c, and 3e) structurally related to primaquine and 4-methylprimaquine have been prepared and tested for antimalarial activity against plasmodium berghei in mice and antileishmanial activity against leishmania donovani in the hamster. all were inactive. in addition, three 5-quinolinediamines (4b, 5, and 6) were prepared. all were inactive against leishmania donovani in hamsters. one of the examples, 6, was curative against plasmodium cynmolgi in the rhesus mon ... | 1979 | 114654 |
| leishmanial excreted factor: protein-bound and free forms from promastigote cultures of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani. | leishmania spp. growing in culture produce an immunologically active substance called excreted factor (ef), which precipitates antibodies raised against intact cells and has been implicated as the conditioning agent for parasite infection of host macrophages. an improved method for isolation of the material is described, based on sephadex column chromatography of growth medium which had been boiled at ph 5.0. this procedure allows the detection of differences among the ef molecules of different ... | 1979 | 118936 |
| purine salvage enzymes in man and leishmania donovani. | | 1979 | 121040 |
| comparison of two geographic strains of leishmania donovani by resistance of mice to superinfection. | groups of mice were injected with leishmania donovani strains et (burma) or is (sudan) and the courses of infection were followed. between days 20 and 30 after infection by treatment with pentostam. et- and 1s-recovered mice were challenged by intravenous injection of amastigotes of each strain. although resistance to superinfection was apparent the l. donovani strains could not be differentiated by this method. | 1975 | 125553 |
| [immunocyte adherence and leukocyte migration inhibition tests in dogs infested with leishmania donovani. importance of lymphocyte conservation in liquid nitrogen]. | a method of canine lymphocytes isolation and storage in liquid azote with dmso is described. it was possible to use these lymphocytes in the immunocytoadherence and leucocytes migration inhibition tests in dogs infected with leishmania donovani. the sensitisation was made with a soluble antigen from promastigotes of l. donovani braid by ultrasounds. the dogs with leishmaniasis gave positive results. the controls without leishmaniasis were negative. the tests with conserved lymphocytes were as sa ... | 1975 | 126717 |
| effect of visceral leishmaniasis on congenitally athymic mice. | congenitally athymic mice were more susceptible to challenge with amastigotes of leishmania donovani than were their thymus-intact littermates. this increased susceptibility correlated with a lack of arthus and delayed-type responses when animals were skin tested with leishmanial antigen. | 1979 | 159259 |
| ultrastructural localization of diaminobenzidine reactivity in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | the ultrastructural localization of the activities of two enzyme systems in the culture forms of leishmania donovani was shown by means of the diaminobenzidine techniques. the consistent deposition of electron dense reaction product of dab oxidation without h2o2 in the kinetoplast and mitochondrial cristae and membranes was taken as evidence of the presence of cytochrome oxidase activity and cytochrome c. in the presence of h2o2, a more intense dab oxidation was attributed to the activity of a p ... | 1977 | 198923 |
| leishmania donovani: ultrastructural localization of diaminobenzidine reactivity in the amastigotes. | intracellular amastigotes of leishmania donovani obtained from spleens of infected hamsters were studied by means of the diaminobenzidine technique for the presence of cytochromes and the activities of cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase. in the absence of h2o2, the oxidation of dab, evidenced by electron-dense deposits localized on the cristae, inclusions, and enveloping membranes of the mitochondria and kinetoplast, revealed the activity of the cytochrome oxidase and the presence of the cytochro ... | 1978 | 214907 |
| action of p-(4-amidino-phenoxy)-benzaldehyde-p-amidino-phenylhydrazone dihydrochloride on leishmania donovani infections in the golden hamster. | the chemotherapeutic effect of a new diamidine, hoe 668, the p-(4-amidino-phenoxy)-benzaldehyde-p-amidino-phenylhydrazone dihydrochloride, was compared with that of known anti-leishmanial drugs in golden hamsters infected with leishmania donovani. the effect of hoe 668 against visceral leishmaniasis proved superior to that of pentamidine isethionate and the pentavalent antimonial drugs, sodium stibogluconate and n-methylglucamine antimoniate. however, hoe 668 can be used only experimentally beca ... | 1978 | 216324 |
| [kala-azar; clinical and physiopathological study a propos of a new case studied in switzerland]. | kala-azar, a parasitic disease caused by leishmania donovani, is usually found in tropical areas but may occasionally occur in other regions such as the mediterranean. a case of kala-azar in a women who had been on a holiday in greece is reported. the parasite was demonstrated in lymph node biopsies and bone marrow smears and treatment with stibogluconate was begun. high levels of circulating immune complexes were demonstrable before and during the demonstration of parasites; the immune complexe ... | 1979 | 219473 |
| regulation of leishmania populations within the host. iii. mapping of the locus controlling susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in the mouse. | acute susceptibility of the mouse to leishmania donovani is largely determined by a single locus designated lsh. linkage between the lsh locus and the chromosome 1 marker id-1 was detected using several sets of recombinant inbred strains. chromosome 1 linkage was confirmed in backcross generations using isoenzymes and a cytogenetic marker. the data indicate that the gene order is centromere-lsh-id-1-ln-dip-1. the estimated recombination frequency between lsh and id-1 is 0.12 +/- 0.04. this mappi ... | 1979 | 290436 |
| immunofluorescence and counter immunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of kala-azar. | techniques of indirect immunofluorescence (if) and counter current immunoelectrophoresis (ciep) were employed and compared for the diagnosis of kala-azar among children in fars province of iran. it is suggested that the diagnostic titre for kala-azar by immuno fluorescence is over 1 in 64. in fact a majority of the cases had a titre of more than 1 in 256. ciep using soluble antigens prepared form the promastigote form of leishmania donovani, was also applied to sera from patients with systemic l ... | 1977 | 327629 |
| antigenic cross-reactivity between mycobacterium bovis (bcg) and leishmania donovani. | antigenic cross-reactivity was demonstrated between mycobacterium bovis (bcg) and leishmania donovani, using delayed hypersensitivity as a criterion. | 1977 | 336551 |
| a comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test in the sero-diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in iran. | elisa and ifat have been applied to the sero-diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis and the levels of leishmanial antibody detected by leishmania donovani antigens in both tests have been compared. from the results it appears that elisa is a little more sensitive than ifat, but ifat seems to be more specific in detecting leishmanial antibodies. in both tests reactions between leishmanial antigen and some other infections, such as malaria and typhoid, were observed. these non-specific ... | 1979 | 382470 |
| metabolism of pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidines in leishmania braziliensis and leishmania donovani. allopurinol, oxipurinol, and 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine. | leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis grown in culture formed millimolar concentrations of allopurinol ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate from [6-14c]allopurinol. in addition, allopurinol 1-ribonucleoside, oxipurinol riboside 5'-monophosphate, and three new metabolites of allopurinol, namely, 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate and the corresponding di- and triphosphates (1-ribosyl 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine 5'-diphosphate and 1-ribosyl 4-aminopyrazolo(3 ... | 1979 | 438170 |
| lipids of leishmania promastigotes. | a chromatographic analysis of lipids of cultured promastigotes of leishmania donovani, l. braziliensis, l. mexicana, l. tropica, l. enriettii, l. hertigi, l. adleri, and l. tarentolae showed that total lipids were 2--15% of dry wt, and neutral and polar lipids were 14--55% and 45--86% of total lipids. major lipid classes were as follows: sterol ester, triacylglycerol, sterol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine. predominant fatty acids were ... | 1979 | 448607 |
| nucleosidases from leishmania donovani. pyrimidine ribonucleosidase, purine ribonucleosidase, and a novel purine 2'-deoxyribonucleosidase. | | 1979 | 468819 |
| specificity of adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase from leishmania donovani. selective amination of an antiprotozoal agent. | | 1979 | 468834 |
| leishmania donovani: promastigote--macrophage surface interactions in vitro. | | 1979 | 477809 |
| in vitro light and electron microscope studies on different virulent promastigotes of leishmania donovani in hamster peritoneal macrophages. | | 1979 | 483972 |
| correlation of hyperplasia, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly with parasite population in bio.lp-a mice infected with leishmania donovani. | congenic strain of bio.lp-a male mice were experimentally infected with leishmania donovani 3s strain from the spleen of a hamster donor. the weight ratio of spleen body, liver body and spleen liver calculated from the weight of six mice taken at weekly intervals for a period of 49 days showed that there is no hepatomegaly or splenomegaly during the first 14 days of infection when the parasite population increases. maximum enlargement of liver and spleen was observed at day 35 postinfection, whe ... | 1979 | 490751 |
| the primary isolation of leishmania donovani from iraq on different culture media. | leishmania donovani was isolated by culturing bone marrow aspirates from kala-azar patients, on three types of culture media. the isolation was successful in 88% of the cases. the effects of ph, d-glucose, l-proline and antibiotic concentration in the isolation were investigated. the semi-solid medium used (ph 7.4) with l-proline, was better than the modified nnn media for the primary isolation. | 1979 | 496486 |
| multiplication of leishmania in human macrophages in vitro. | to facilitate in vitro studies of the immunology of human leishmaniasis, we developed a method of growing pathogenic leishmania in human monocyte-derived macrophages. after 6 days of incubation, adherent mononuclear cells were infected with leishmania donovani amastigotes obtained from infected hamster spleen cells or with l. tropica amastigotes obtained from infected balb/c tissue mouse footpad. forty-eight percent of the macrophages were initially infected, with a mean of 3.0 amastigotes per i ... | 1979 | 500212 |
| the effect of nifurtimox on experimental infections with trypanosomatidae other than trypanosoma cruzi. | the influence of nifurtimox on trypanosoma brucei, t. congolense, t. equinum, t. equiperdum, t. evansi, t. gambiense, t. lewisi, t. rhodesiense, t. vivax, leishmania donovani and l. tropica has been studied in animals and in vitro. the drug was active against all of them but there are considerable differences in sensitivity of the various species as well as of different strains of t. rhodesiense. for the treatment of t. rhodesiense a single high dosage was more efficient than the same dose divid ... | 1979 | 506553 |
| growth of leishmania donovani amastigotes in a continuous macrophage-like cell culture. | the feastibility of using a macrophage-like murine tumor cell as a host for leishmania donovani was investigated. this cell line, designated p388d1, rapidly phagocytized amastigotes and supported their intracellular replication. it can serve as a model "host" without the inherent limitations of primary macrophage cultures. | 1979 | 536934 |
| antileishmanial activity of selected compounds in dogs experimentally infected with leishmania donovani. | | 1979 | 545640 |
| leishmania donovani: surface membrane carbohydrates of promastigotes. | | 1977 | 557418 |
| leishmania donovani. hamster macrophage interactions in vitro: cell entry, intracellular survival, and multiplication of amastigotes. | an in vitro system was developed for studying host-parasite cellular interactions in visceral leishmaniasis with amastigotes isolated from infected spleens of hamsters and their peritoneal macrophages maintained by an improved method. the culture system supports the growth of leishmania donovani amastigotes with different parasite/macrophage ratios for up to 2 wk, yielding results more consistent and reproducible than previously possible. results indicated that the "forms" of the amastigotes (wi ... | 1978 | 564391 |
| amino-acid and glucose utilization of leishmania donovani and l. braziliensis. | the availability of a defined medium (steiger & steiger, 1976) has enabled studies on the nutritional requirements of promastigotes of l. donovani and l. braziliensis (steiger & steiger, 1977). as outlined elsewhere (steiger & meshnick, 1977), the present paper describes preliminary experiments dealing with the utilization of amino-acids and glucose by these two leishmania species. the data are compared to those obtained with trypanosoma (cross et al., 1975a,b; brun & jenni, 1977) and are discus ... | 1977 | 595100 |
| testing of drugs for antileishmanial activity in golden hamsters infected with leishmania donovani. | | 1977 | 598961 |
| regulation of leishmania populations within the host. i. the variable course of leishmania donovani infections in mice. | the course of infection with leishmania donovani was followed in seven strains of laboratory mice with measurement of the liver parasite burdens over 20 weeks. the acute parasite population growth rate varied greatly between, but not within, strains. four strains were relatively resistant with less than an eight-fold increase while the three acutely susceptible strains showed over an eight-fold increase in the first month. thereafter, one initially susceptible strain showed a dramatic fall in pa ... | 1977 | 606433 |
| regulation of leishmania populations within the host. ii. genetic control of acute susceptibility of mice to leishmania donovani infection. | the acute growth rates of leishmania donovani populations in twenty-five inbred mouse strains fall into two distinct groups: the susceptible (s) and the resistant (r). hybrids within either category resemble their parents in susceptibility. hybrids between categories are moderately resistant. back-crossing of f1 hybrids to r and s parents, and interbreeding the f1 generation, give susceptibility ratios consistent with single gene control of acute susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis. the dis ... | 1977 | 606434 |
| an easily prepared defined medium for cultivation of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | | 1978 | 627959 |
| sequence arrangement of the 16s and 26s rrna genes in the pathogenic haemoflagellate leishmania donovani. | kinetic and chemical analysis show that the haploid genome of leishmania donovani has between 4.6 and 6.5 x 10(7) kb pairs of dna. cot analysis shows that the genome contains 12% rapidly reassociating dna, u3% middle repetitive dna with an average reiteration frequency of 77 and 62% single copy dna. saturation hybridization experiments show that 0.82% of the nuclear dna is occupied by rrna coding sequences. the average repetition frequency of these sequences is determined to be 166. sedimentatio ... | 1978 | 634795 |
| visceral leishmaniasis masquerading as a nasopharyngeal tumour. report of a case. | a 55-year-old male, a resident of a village in the foothills of the himalayas in the north-western region of india, presented with a huge nasopharyngeal tumour but was subsequently found to be infected with leishmania donovani, involving the nasopharyngeal tissue and the draining lymph nodes as well as a visceral infection. | 1978 | 635975 |
| the antileishmanial activity of lepidines. | a series of lepidines (6-methoxy-4-methyl-8-aminoquinoline derivatives) was studied in a hamster-leishmania donovani model. members of this class were found to have activity many-fold that of the standard, meglumine antimoniate (glucantime). one of them, 8-(6-diethylamino-hexylamino)-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline, designated wr 6026, when given orally was over 700 times as effective as the standard antimonial drug. | 1978 | 686239 |
| [immunopathology in a case of kala-azar (proceedings)]. | a 33 year old woman was admitted to hospital for fever of unknown origin. leishmania donovani was found in histological preparations from lymphnodes and by sternal puncture. circulating immune complexes present in high concentration were isolated and characterized. the circulating immune complexes remained elevated two months after the disappearance of leishmania from the bone marrow. | 1978 | 694498 |
| exometabolites of leishmania donovani promastigotes. i. isolation and initial characterization. | | 1978 | 714924 |
| purine metabolism in leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis. | we have studied purine metabolism in the culture forms of leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis. these organisms are incapable of synthesizing purines de novo from glycine, serine, or formate and require an exogenous purine for growth. this requirement is better satisfied by adenosine or hypoxanthine than by guanosine. both adenine and inosine are converted to a common intermediate, hypoxanthine, before transformation to nucleotides. this is due to the activity of an adenine aminohydro ... | 1978 | 719006 |
| intracellular multiplication of leishmania donovani during repeated passages in primary cultures of hamster peritoneal macrophages. | | 1978 | 722464 |
| leishmania infection of human skin fibroblasts in vitro: absence of phagolysosomal fusion after induced phagocytosis of promastigotes, and their intracellular transformation. | cellular interactions between human skin fibroblasts and promastigotes of two leishmanial species were studied in vitro by light and electron microscopy. fibroblasts were found to become infected by the species with a history of causing mucocutaneous infection, but not by that of the visceral type or leishmania donovani. scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that promastigotes of the invasive species entered fibroblasts flagellum-end first through pseudopodia-like structures for ... | 1978 | 727316 |
| [production of somatic and metabolic antigens of leishmania donovani with a modified culture medium]. | | 1978 | 754653 |
| a simple monophasic medium for axenic culture of hemoflagellates. | an inexpensive, easily prepared monophasic medium which supports continuous culture of leishmania donovanì (approximately 4 x 10(7) cells/ml/day 5) and l. tarentolae (approximately 3.5 x 10(7) cells/ml/day 5) promastigotes has been developed. this medium, designated ho-mem, is a modified eagle's minimal essential medium with spinner's salts and 10% fetal calf serum. epimastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi, costa rica strain, also grew well in ho-mem (approximately 2 x 10(7) cells/ml/day 5) but cells ... | 1976 | 778371 |
| antibody-induced modulation of leishmania donovani surface membrane antigens. | the effects of specific antibodies on the surface membrane antigens of leishmania donovani (strain 1s, clone 2d) amastigote and promastigote developmental stages was detected in vitro by using several direct and indirect immunofluorescence methods. stage specific anti-l. donovani sera and sera from l. donovani-infected hamsters induced parasite surface membrane antigens to aggregate, move along the longitudinal cell axis, form polar cell caps, and subsequently disappear. no membrane fluorescence ... | 1976 | 792338 |
| leishmania donovani multiplication in a cell line of aedes albopictus. | | 1976 | 841664 |
| antileishmanial activity of mycobacillin. | mycobacillin, a cyclic polypeptide antifungal antibiotic effectively inhibits the growth of promastigote form of the protozoal organism, leishmania donovani, strain 81 in liquid medium. oxygen uptake by intact cells of the protozoa with exogenous glucose is appreciably reduced within first 30 minutes in presence of the antibiotic at a concentration of 15 microng/ml. appreciable leakage of intracellular 260 nm and 280 nm absorbing materials takes place from the protozoan cells incubated with the ... | 1977 | 863786 |
| effect of treatment with bcg on the course of visceral leishmaniasis in balb/c mice. | intravenous inoculation of bcg was found to be both prophylactic and therapeutic in balb/c mice against challenge with amastigotes of leishmania donovani. spleens and livers of mice inoculated with bcg maintained total parasite burdens at significantly lower levels when compared to controls. bcg administered intravenously 14 days prior to and on the same day of protozoan challenge was more protective than vaccine given 30 and 14 days prior to challenge. a level of 10(7) viable units of bcg provi ... | 1977 | 873609 |
| [atypical course of leishmania donovani infections in dogs. histopathological findings (author's transl)]. | four beagles infected with an indian strain of leishmania donovani showed histiocytic granulomas with very few leishmania in liver and skin biopsies. 3 animals died with formation of tumor-like histiocytic infiltrates in several organs (heart, ling, liver, kidney, pancreas, muscle) and with development of anyloidosis; one survived with minimal residual lesions. | 1977 | 888184 |
| cultivation of leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis in defined media: nutritional requirements. | nutritional requirements of promastigotes of leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis were studied in modifications of a simple defined culture medium. "continuous growth," considered as propagation through 10 successive passages, was supported by inorganic salts, 14 l-amino acids (arginine, cysteine, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine), glucose, adenosine, and a mixture of 11 vitamins and related ... | 1977 | 915847 |
| survival of aegyptianella pullorum, anaplasma marginale and various parasitic protozoa following prolonged storage in liquid nitrogen. | various protozoa species were examined using in vivo and in vitro methods to determine their ability to survive prolonged periods of storage in liquid nitrogen. the following protozoan species were successfully recovered after they had been cryopreserved for a period over 10 years: trypanosoma lewisi, t. cruzi, t. congolense, t. brucei, t. rhodesiense, t. gambiense, t. evansi, t. equinum, t. equiperdum, leishmania donovani, plasmodium berghei, p. praecox (relictum), babesia rodhaini and b. canis ... | 1977 | 919686 |
| antileishmanial effect of allopurinol. ii. relationship of adenine metabolism in leishmania species to the action of allopurinol. | allopurinol was shown to be effective in vitro against leishmania mexicana and leishmania donovani as well as against leishmania braziliensis. the major metabolic derivative of allopurinol in humans, oxipurinol, also is antileishmanial for l. donovani. the antileishmanial effect of allopurinol and oxipurinol can be specifically reversed by adenine, and its metabolic precursors and derivatives, but by no other purines or their derivative. it is proposed that the adenylosuccinate synthetase or the ... | 1977 | 925380 |
| infectivity of leishmania donovani amastigotes and promastigotes for golden hamsters. | intracardial injection of hamsters with from 5 to 114 million amastigotes or promastigotes of leishmania donovani and screening of the 8th-day liver impression smears, provides a rapid and reproducible method for assaying infectivity. amastigotes are at least 10x more infective than promastigotes, and log-phase promastigotes act as a single infective population for hamsters. | 1976 | 933082 |
| multiplication of a human parasite (leishmania donovani) in phagolysosomes of hamster macrophages in vitro. | leishmania donovani, the etiological agent of human visceral leishmaniasis, was grown in hamster peritoneal macrophages in vitro. by electron microscopy, using a lysosomal marker, these parasitic protozoa were seen to multiply within host cell phagolysosomes. the survival mechanism of this intracellular parasite is based apparently upon resistance to macrophage lysosomal enzymic digestion. | 1976 | 948742 |
| leishmania donovani: acquired resistance to visceral leishmaniasis in the golden hamster. | | 1976 | 950004 |
| inhibition of leishmania donovani transformation by hamster spleen homogenates and active human lymphocytes. | | 1976 | 958439 |
| activities of glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, and isocitrate dehydrogenases from leishmania donovani cultivated at 25 and 37 c. | the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-6-pd) (ec no. 1.1.1.49), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (pgd) (ec no. 1.1.1.44), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) (ec no. 1.1.1.42) from promastigotes of leishmania donovani strain 3s grown at 25 c in modified tobie's (mt) medium and from promastigotes of the 37 c-adapted substrain of this strain cultivated in the mt at 37 c were assayed at 25 and 37 c. at 25 c icd from both the strain and the substrain had the highest, and pgd, the lowe ... | 1976 | 972354 |
| a defined medium for cultivating leishmania donovani and l. braziliensis. | | 1976 | 1003271 |
| quantitative ultrastructural investigations of mitochondrial development in leishmania donovani during transformation. | the ultrastructure of the mitochondrion during transformation of leishmania donovani from amastigote to promastigote stages was studied by morphometric analysis. there was a slight but significant decrease in relative mitochondrial volume (vvmi) during transformation. this decrease was linear with time for at least 27 hr. no change in relative lipid inclusion volume (vvli) was observed during transformation. the ratio of inner to outer mitochondrial surface membrane densities (svmii:svmio) also ... | 1976 | 1003340 |
| a serological study on human trypanosoma rhodesiense infections using a micro-scale enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. | a micro-scale enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for african trypanosomiasis is described. the test uses very small quantities of sera and with t. brucei antigen is sensitive in detecting t. rhodesiense infections in man. cross reactions occur with antisera to, and antigens of, leishmania donovani and trypanosoma cruzi. | 1975 | 1099749 |
| leishmania donovani: therapeutic and prophylaciic action of antimony dextran glycoside (rl-712) in the golden hamster. | | 1975 | 1126418 |
| leishmania donovani: autoradiographic evidence for molecular exchanges between parasites and host cells. | | 1975 | 1126419 |
| electrophoretic investigation of some dehydrogenases in leishmania amastigotes. | amastigotes of leishmania mexicana mexicana and of leishmania donovani were grown in mouse peritoneal macrophages and dog sarcoma cells in culture. polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of amastigote-infected tissue cultures failed to detect parasite lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, although the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was indicated. | 1975 | 1155996 |
| [ultrastructural observations on amastigote forms of leishmania donovani in a case of laryngeal leishmaniasis]. | an ultrastructural study on the amastigote stage of leishmania donovani, in a rare case of laringeal involvement, was carried out. many details of the fine morphology of this protozoon were observed under the electron microscope, i.e.: the outer membrane of host origin, periplast, subpellicular microtubules, kinetoplast, flagellum, flagellar pocket, multivesicular bodies. a presence of a new organelle (4 microtubules structure close to and running parallel to the flagellar pocket), previously no ... | 1975 | 1161176 |
| liver-spleen scintiscan in kala-azar: case report. | massive splenomegaly was found in a liver-spleen scan in a young man from greece. kala-azar was suggested as a possible cause and was confirmed by culturing leishmania donovani from the bone marrow aspirate. the differential diagnosis of massive splenomegaly should include kala-azar when a patient has been in an endemic area. | 1975 | 1194960 |
| complement fixation and intradermal skin test with partially purified "proteic" and "polysaccharidic" antigens from leishmania donovani. | | 1975 | 1216300 |
| [comparative electron microscope studies on the labelling leishmania donovani, leishmania tropica and leishmania braziliensis with ferritin (author's transl)]. | the labelling of negative charges on the cell surface of the developing promastigote forms in leishmania donovani, l. tropica and l. braziliensis was determined using cationized ferritin and electron microscopy. ferritin deposits were seen exclusively on the pellicle, since they cannot penetrate the cell membrane. the ferritin particles were distributed in regular rows covering the whole cell surface. the mean diameter of the particles was 8.76 nm and at a magnification of 104.000 an average of ... | 1975 | 1216327 |
| polypeptide analysis of a "leishmania donovani" strain isolated during an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in northern italy. | the results of the analysis of the polypeptide composition of a strain of leishmania donovani isolated during an outbreak of kala azar in northern italy are reported. | 1975 | 1231653 |
| leishmania donovani: isolation of a concanavalin-a specific antigen and its evaluation for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | a glycoconjugate antigen of 27-39 kda was isolated from a cell-free extract of leishmania donovani by affinity chromatography using a concanavalin-a sepharose-4b column and eluted with 0.5 m alpha-methylmannoside. the antigen was recognized specifically by sera from kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) patients and did not react with sera from tuberculosis, leprosy or malaria patients. the antigen may therefore be useful in developing a serodiagnostic assay for visceral leishmaniasis. | 1992 | 1281399 |
| western blot analysis of antibodies to leishmania infantum antigens: potential of the 14-kd and 16-kd antigens for diagnosis and epidemiologic purposes. | when infected with leishmania species, patients develop specific antibodies that constitute the basis of serodiagnosis. using western blot analysis, we studied the specificity of anti-l. infantum antibodies in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (including patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [aids]) and in healthy subjects living in an endemic area. sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis recognized numerous antigens that had a molecular mass range of 12-120 kd. the 14-, 16- ... | 1992 | 1281966 |
| the isolation and cultivation of leishmania infantum from apparently normal skin of visceral leishmaniasis patients in northern pakistan. | | 1992 | 1287916 |
| incrimination of phlebotomus (larroussius) orientalis as a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in western upper nile province, southern sudan. | | 1992 | 1287918 |
| axenic cultivation of amastigotes of leishmania donovani and leishmania major and their infectivity. | two clones of promastigotes, one of leishmania donovani and one of l. major, and an uncloned stock of l. major were axenically transformed to heat-shock amastigotes, at 35 and 37 degrees c, respectively. of the four different culture media tested, a relatively cheap, liquid medium, rblm, was found to be the best, both for the transformation of the promastigotes and the serial, axenic cultivation of the amastigotes. in an experiment of 30 days duration, serial cultivation, in an atmosphere with 5 ... | 1992 | 1288430 |
| metabolic n-hydroxylation of diminazene in vitro. | the two n-hydroxylated derivatives (amide oximes) and the corresponding amides of the trypanocidal diamidine diminazene (berenil, cas 536-71-0) have been synthesized. these reference compounds made it possible to investigate the in vitro metabolism of the amidine functionalities of diminazene. diminazene metabolites were detected for the first time, in the form of the corresponding mono- and di(amide oxime), after incubation with 12000 g supernatants from rabbit liver homogenates and careful wor ... | 1992 | 1288516 |
| the activity of hydroxynaphthoquinones against leishmania donovani. | the hydroxynaphthoquinones, buparvaquone, 250c80 and 56w82, showed high activity in vitro against leishmania donovani amastigotes in mouse peritoneal macrophages, with ed50 values of 0.05, 2.95 and 13.82 microm, respectively. fourteen other hydroxynaphthoquinones were tested, of which only 566c80 and 608c86 showed significant activity against amastigotes. buparvaquone, 250c80 and 56w82 were also highly-active against cultured promastigotes. in a balb/c mouse model, treatment with 100 mg/kg/day f ... | 1992 | 1289357 |
| [phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911 naturally infected by promastigotes in the region of nice (france)]. | the authors report the results of investigations in nice from july, 16 to august, 3, 1991. the 2,098 phlebotomes captured represent three species: phlebotomus perniciosus, phlebotomus ariasi and sergentomyia minuta. two species: p. perniciosus and p. ariasi are infected with promastigotes. about 4% of dissected females are parasited. this is the first description in france of p. perniciosus infected. | 1992 | 1292799 |
| an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test for the serodiagnosis of kala-azar. | the ifa test developed using leishmania donovani promastigote and amastigote antigens showed very high antibody titre in clinically and parasitologically established cases (30) of kala-azar, the geometrical mean reciprocal titre (gmrt) being 870 +/- 5.4 and 5370 +/- 1.80 respectively with the two antigens. in contrast, the gmrt of normal subjects of endemic area was only 12.44 +/- 6.19 and 80.35 +/- 1.66 respectively with these antigens. none of the subjects from non-endemic area suffering with ... | 1992 | 1296950 |
| indirect fluorescent antibody test in the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in bangladesh. | indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was found to be 100% sensitive and 100% specific when tested with sera from 125 parasitologically proven kala-azar patients, 100 healthy controls and 50 sick control cases. promastigotes of both l. enriettii and l. donovani as well as amastigotes of l. enriettii were found equally satisfactory as antigen for ifat. from the results of the present study, it is concluded that ifat is a highly sensitive as well as specific serological test for the diagnosis ... | 1992 | 1303085 |
| decreased sensitivity to meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) of leishmania infantum isolated from dogs after several courses of drug treatment. | although unresponsiveness to antimonial drugs in human leishmaniasis appears to be increasing, resistance to antimony in leishmania is not well documented. treatment of leishmaniasis in dogs, the domestic reservoir of l. infantum, with meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) is a common practice in many mediterranean countries. the dogs, however, remain highly infective to the phlebotomine vectors, even after several courses of treatment. a study was therefore carried out to test the comparative susc ... | 1992 | 1304703 |
| partial characterization of leishmania chagasi promastigote peptidases. | | 1992 | 1308575 |
| interactions between immunity and chemotherapy in the treatment of the trypanosomiases and leishmaniases. | the immune status of a host infected with trypanosoma spp. or leishmania spp. can play an important role in successful chemotherapy. in animal models, treatment of african trypanosomiasis with difluoromethylornithine or melarsoprol requires an appropriate antibody-mediated immune response. an intact immune system is also necessary for rapid clearance of trypanosomes from the bloodstream following treatment with suramin or quinapyramine. similarly, an efficient cell-mediated immune responses is r ... | 1992 | 1308932 |
| anemia in experimental visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters. | experimental infection of hamsters with leishmania donovani caused visceral leishmaniasis in which hematological changes occurred. the infected hamsters were anemic and reticulocyte counts were high. no significant change in the serum erythropoietin level was noted. red cell membrane na(+)-k(+)-atpase and acetylcholinesterase activities increased. osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes from infected animals increased. the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate of the red cells increased with the degree ... | 1992 | 1310731 |
| multiple forms of chromosome i, ii and v in a restricted population of leishmania infantum contrasting with monomorphism in individual strains suggest haploidy or automixy. | we have resolved the molecular karyotypes of 22 leishmania infantum strains isolated between 1980 and 1988 in a restricted geographic area and belonging to zymodemes mon-11, -29 and -33. three strains were isolated from sandflies and all the others from human cutaneous lesions. a high degree of karyotypic homology is observed among these strains, contrasting with the highly polymorphic mon-1 strains isolated in the same area. we have analysed the time-dependent evolution of size variants of chro ... | 1992 | 1311052 |
| effect of bioamines on uptake of promastigotes of leishmania donovani by hamster peritoneal macrophages. | epinephrine and norepinephrine inhibit attachment of leishmania donovani promastigotes to cultured hamster peritoneal macrophages. the inhibition was significant at catecholamine concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-5) m and occurred when they were added to the cell mixtures, or after pre-treatment of either macrophages or parasites. inhibition of attachment after pre-treatment was less marked than when the catecholamines were added to parasite-cell mixtures. similar results were obtained with dibut ... | 1992 | 1313882 |
| inhibition of expression of major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules in macrophages infected with leishmania donovani occurs at the level of gene transcription via a cyclic amp-independent mechanism. | among the important pleiotropic responses to gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) during the activation of macrophages (m phi) is the increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class ii genes. in the present study, infection with leishmania donovani was shown to inhibit in parallel the induction by ifn-gamma of h-2 a beta gene transcription, class ii mrna accumulation, and h-2 ad protein expression in cells of the murine macrophage cell line p388d1. treatment of p388d1 cells with either th ... | 1992 | 1314226 |
| the indian langur: preliminary report of a new nonhuman primate host for visceral leishmaniasis. | described are the susceptibility of the indian langur (presbytis entellus) to leishmania donovani and the consequent haematological and serum biochemical changes. the host response to antileishmanial chemotherapy and the immunological profile were also examined. each langur was inoculated intravenously with 1 x 10(8) amastigotes; a spleen biopsy carried out on day 35 post-infection (p.i.) revealed 10-13 l. donovani bodies per 500 cell nuclei, which reached a maximum of 130-195 at death (day 105- ... | 1992 | 1314709 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in the balb/c mouse: antimony tissue disposition and parasite suppression after the administration of free stibogluconate. | balb/c mice with an acute or chronic leishmania donovani infection were treated with intravenous sodium stibogluconate solution and the parasite suppressions determined in the spleen, liver and femur bone marrow. antimony concentrations in these and other tissues were determined by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrophotometry. there was little correlation between tissue antimony levels one hour after treatment and drug efficacy. it would appear that the peak tissue antimony concentrati ... | 1992 | 1319700 |
| purification and properties of 3'-nucleotidase of leishmania donovani. | a surface membrane 3'-nucleotidase from leishmania donovani promastigotes has been purified to sds/page homogeneity. the enzyme has apparent subunit molecular mass of 38 kda, pi 5.8 and a broad ph optimum, 5.5-7.5. edta partially inhibited the enzyme activity, which was fully restored by co2+; mg2+, ca2+ or mn2+ had no effect on the activity. zncl2 or dithiothreitol at 1 mm was inhibitory at ph 7.5, but was without effect at ph 5.5, whereas at both ph values 5 mm of either compound inhibited the ... | 1992 | 1322126 |
| effect of sodium stibogluconate and pentamidine on in vitro multiplication of leishmania donovani in peritoneal macrophages from infected and drug-treated balb/c mice. | the in vitro antileishmanial activity of sodium stibogluconate (ssg) and pentamidine in peritoneal macrophages from three different groups of animals (i.e. normal, leishmania donovani-infected and drug-treated balb/c mice) is reported. peritoneal macrophages were extracted from all these animals and infected in vitro with l. donovani promastigotes. after 24 h, the infected macrophages (with amastigotes) were exposed to various concentrations of ssg (10-90 micrograms/ml) and pentamidine (0.1-5.0 ... | 1992 | 1322361 |
| defective stimulus-response coupling in human monocytes infected with leishmania donovani is associated with altered activation and translocation of protein kinase c. | stimulus-response coupling through protein kinase c (pkc) was shown to be defective in mononuclear phagocytes (m phi) infected with leishmania donovani. phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma)-induced oxidative burst activity and protein phosphorylation were markedly attenuated in infected m phi. these results were not explained either by quantitative alterations in amounts of pkc or by altered phorbol ester binding but were related to defects in kinase activation. analysis in vitro of the kinetic ... | 1992 | 1323839 |
| a shuttle vector which facilitates the expression of transfected genes in trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania. | a trypanosoma cruzi expression vector has been constructed using sequences derived from the flanking regions of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ggapdh) genes. the neomycin phosphotransferase (neor) gene was incorporated as a selectable marker. using electroporation we have introduced this vector into both t. cruzi and leishmania cells and conferred g418 resistance. transformation is mediated by large extrachromosomal circular elements composed of head-to-tail tandem repeats of the ... | 1992 | 1324472 |
| an alignment of 17 deduced protein sequences from plant, fungi, and ciliate h(+)-atpase genes. | seventeen protein sequences of h(+)-atpases from plants (arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana plumbaginifolia, lycopersicum esculentum), fungi (saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, neuropora crassa, candida albicans), and a parasitic ciliate (leishmania donovani) have been aligned. twenty sequence fragments were identified which were conserved in h(+)-, na+/k(+)-, and ca++ plasma membrane-atpases. in addition, a total of 118 residues not located in these frag ... | 1992 | 1328178 |