| biological modification of trichothecene mycotoxins: acetylation and deacetylation of deoxynivalenols by fusarium spp. | attempts were made to elucidate the acetyl transformation of novel trichothecene mycotoxins, 3a,7a,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one (deoxynivalenol) and its derivatives, by trichothecene-producing strains of fusarium nivale, f. roseum, and f. solani. in the peptone-supplemented czapek-dox medium, f. roseum converted 3a-acetoxy-7a,15-dihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) to deoxynivalenol. 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol was also deacetylated by intact mycelia o ... | 1975 | 234156 |
| comparative studies on microbial and chemical modifications of trichothecene mycotoxins. | the microbial modification of several trichothecene mycotoxins by trichothecene-producing strains of fusarium nivale and f. solani was studied. these results were compared with the corresponding chemical modifications. the growing mycelia of fusarium spp. did not convert 4beta-acetoxy-3alpha,7alpha, 15-trihydroxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-one (fusarenon) into 3alpha,4beta, 7alpha,15-tetrahydroxy-12,13-epoxy-trichothec-9-en-8-one (nivalenol), whereas 3alpha,4beta,7alpha,15-tetracetoxy-12,13-e ... | 1975 | 1147618 |
| mycotoxins in cereal grain. part 14. histochemical examination of fusarium-damaged wheat kernels. | wheat kernels with visible fusarium-damage, naturally infected, have been examined with histochemical techniques to observe mycelium growth inside kernels and change in kernels cells. kernels infected with f. culmorum were found to be damaged more extensively, comparatively to those infected with f. graminearum, f. avenaceum and f. nivale/(microdochium nivale). growth of fusarium mycelium was most abundant between pericarp and aleurone layer and alongside of scutellum. mycelium colonized also en ... | 1990 | 2388688 |
| chronic toxicity of nivalenol in female mice: a 2-year feeding study with fusarium nivale fn 2b-moulded rice. | groups of 42 7-wk-old female c57bl/6crslc spf mice were fed diets containing 0, 6, 12 and 30 ppm nivalenol (niv) for 2 years. body-weight gain was reduced in all treated groups of animals and feed efficiency was reduced, significantly so, in the high-dose group. the absolute weights of the liver in the 30-ppm group, and of the kidneys in the 12- and 30-ppm groups were significantly reduced, compared with those of the controls. when expressed relative to brain weight there was a reduction in the ... | 1989 | 2530144 |
| effects of nivalenol on the bone marrow in mice. | in order to investigate the toxic effects of nivalenol, one of the trichothecene mycotoxins, we performed a short-term feeding trial for 24 days using feed supplemented with rice artificially molded with nivalenol producing fungus, fusarium nivale fn 2b, in female c57bl/6crslc spf mice. a significant erythropenia and slight leukopenia were observed in the 30 ppm group, but no marked changes were observed in other hematological parameters, feed consumption, body weight gain, or weights of the liv ... | 1987 | 3599102 |
| purification and properties of nad nucleosidase from fusarium nivale. | | 1973 | 4144238 |
| polyribosomal breakdown in mouse fibroblasts (l-cells) by fusarenon-x, a toxic principle isolated from fusarium nivale. | | 1972 | 4674442 |
| [toxicologic study on the toxic substances of fusarium nivale: chemical study of principal toxins, nivalenol, fusarenon-x and nivalenol-4,15-di-o-acetate]. | | 1972 | 5071254 |
| inhibitory effect of nivalenol, a toxic metabolite of fusarium nivale, on the growth cycle and biopolymer synthesis of hela cells. | | 1968 | 5303497 |
| fusareon-x, a toxic principle of fusarium nivale--culture filtrate. | | 1969 | 5307884 |
| cytotoxic effects of scirpene compounds, fusarenon-x produced by fusarium nivale, dihydronivalenol and dihydrofusarenon-x, on hela cells. | | 1970 | 5312796 |
| antiprotozoal activity of scirpene mycotoxins of fusarium nivale fn 2b. | | 1970 | 5313470 |
| toxicological approaches to the metabolites of fusaria. ii. isolation of fusarenon-x from the culture filtrate of fusarium nivale fn 2b. | | 1971 | 5316764 |
| radiomimetic biological properties of the new scirpene metabolites of fusarium nivale. | | 1969 | 5350476 |
| environmental factors influencing the production of fusarenon-x, a cytotoxic mycotoxin of fusarium nivale fn 2b. | | 1970 | 5438583 |
| [toxicologic studies of the metabolic substances of fusarium nivale. vii. the 3rd metabolic substance of f. nivale, nivalenol diacetate]. | | 1970 | 5453976 |
| inhibition of the protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte by nivalenol, a toxic principle isolated from fusarium nivale-growing rice. | | 1968 | 5707835 |
| inhibition of protein and dna syntheses in ehrlich ascites tumour by nivalenol, a toxic principle of fusarium nivale-growing rice. | | 1968 | 5711869 |
| nivalenol, a toxic principle of fusarium nivale. | | 1968 | 5719033 |
| toxicologic research on substances fro fusarium nivale. | | 1968 | 5749424 |
| [toxicological research of the metabolic substances of fusarium nivale. ii. antileukemic effect of nivalenol and dihydronivalenol]. | | 1969 | 5782970 |
| toxicological research on substances from fusarium nivale. 3. the structure of nivalenol and its monoacetate. | | 1969 | 5804737 |
| [fusarium nivale as a cause of corneal mycosis]. | | 1966 | 5959571 |
| induction of suppressor macrophages in mice by fusarenon-x. | intraperitoneal injection of fusarenon-x into balb/c mice, a mycotoxin produced by fusarium nivale fn 2b, depressed polyclonal antibody formation of splenic lymphocytes in response to pokeweed mitogen (pwm). this inhibitory activity was found to reside in the surface immunoglobulin-negative spleen cell fraction of fusarenon-x-treated mice, sig-(fx), which comprised mainly t lymphocytes and smaller number of non-lymphocytic cellular elements. however, reconstitution experiments for in vitro antib ... | 1982 | 6216202 |
| the immunosuppressive effects of trichothecenes and cyclochlorotine on the antibody responses in guinea pigs. | immunosuppressive effects of trichothecenes of fusarium solani and fusarium nivale, t-2 toxin and fusarenon-x, and also of a mycotoxin of penicillium islandicum, cyclochlorotine, were studied by measuring the anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (dnp) antibody responses in guinea pigs immunized with dnp-bovine serum albumin. among these mycotoxins, t-2 toxin alone suppressed strongly the anti-dnp antibody responses at a certain sublethal dose. with other mycotoxins, no effect was observed at any sublethal dos ... | 1982 | 7120038 |
| immunosuppressive effect of a trichothecene mycotoxin, fusarenon-x in mice. | the in vitro treatment with fusarenon-x, a mycotoxin produced by fusarium nivale fn 2b, depressed the mitogenic responses of mouse lymphocytes to the t-cell mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and concanavalin a (con a), but to a lesser extent to b-cell mitogen, a bacterial lypopolysaccharide (lps). the in vitro treatment of mice with fusarenon-x also decreased the responsiveness of splenic lymphocytes to the t-cell mitogen, con a. administration of fusarenon-x to balb/c mice before immunization ... | 1982 | 7200080 |
| effects of fusarenon-x, a trichothecene produced by fusarium nivale, on pregnant mice and their fetuses. | pregnant ddd female mice received fusarenon-x, a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fusarium nivale, by subcutaneous infection or mixed in the diet. an abortion was induced by a single injection of 0.63 to 2.6 mg/kg body weight, with increasing frequency and shortening of the latent period corresponding to the increasing doses given. when the mice were fed with diet containing 5, 10 or 20 ppm throughout pregnancy or early phase of pregnancy, fusarenon-x inhibited embryonal implantation. seven d ... | 1980 | 7431674 |
| low tumor incidence in rats with long-term feeding of fusarenon-x, a cytotoxic trichothecene produced by fusarium nivale. | in order to examine tumorigenic effects of fusarenon-x, a trichothecene compound produced by fusarium nivale, feeding experiments on 151 male donryu rats were carried out. daily dose of 105 micrograms (7 ppm in the diet) or 50 micrograms (3.5 ppm)/animal of fusarenon-x was given for 1 or 2 years. although the animals of the experimental groups showed lower body weight than controls and were more liable to be afflicted by pulmonary infections, tumor incidences were as low as that of the control g ... | 1980 | 7441908 |
| detection of nivalenol genotoxicity in cultured cells and multiple mouse organs by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. | we tested the genotoxicity of nivalenol (niv), a potent toxic trichothecene from fusarium nivale, in cultured cho cells and in several mouse organs and tissues (liver, kidney, thymus, bone marrow and mucosa of stomach, jejunum, and colon) using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (scg, or comet) assay. niv at 50 and 100 micrograms/ml damaged the nuclear dna of cho cells in the absence of s9 mix, showing that niv was a direct mutagen. in an in vivo study, mice were sacrificed 2, 4, and 8 ... | 1998 | 9714801 |
| in vitro and in vivo antagonism of pathogenic turfgrass fungi by streptomyces hygroscopicus strains yced9 and wye53. | disease prevention is a current practice used to minimize fungal diseases of turfgrasses in lawns and golf greens. prevention is accomplished through fungicide applications, and by periodic thatch removal. during the development of a microbial biodethatch product utilizing the lignocellulose-degrading streptomyces hygroscopicus strains yced9 and wye53, we demonstrated using in vitro plate antagonism bioassays that both strains are antagonists of various turfgrass fungal pathogens. these activiti ... | 1999 | 10455494 |
| snow-mold-induced apoplastic proteins in winter rye leaves lack antifreeze activity | during cold acclimation, winter rye (secale cereale l.) plants secrete antifreeze proteins that are similar to pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins. in this experiment, the secretion of pr proteins was induced at warm temperatures by infection with pink snow mold (microdochium nivale), a pathogen of overwintering cereals. a comparison of cold-induced and pathogen-induced proteins showed that pr proteins accumulated in the leaf apoplast to a greater level in response to cold. the pr proteins induce ... | 1999 | 10517859 |
| a novel carbohydrate:acceptor oxidoreductase from microdochium nivale. | a microdochium nivale carbohydrate:acceptor oxidoreductase was purified, cloned, heterologously expressed, and characterized. the gene encoding the protein showed one intron, and the orf showed a sequence with low homology (< or = 25% identity or 65% similarity) to other known flavin-containing carbohydrate oxidases. the maturation of the protein required the cleavage of a tetrameric propeptide in addition to an 18 amino-acid signal peptide. the enzyme was found to have a relative molecular mass ... | 2001 | 11179980 |
| recombinant microdochium nivale carbohydrate oxidase and its application in an amperometric glucose sensor. | biosensors containing recombinant carbohydrate oxidase from microdochium nivale (rmno) were developed by means of either chemically modified carbon paste or graphite electrode. 1-(n,n-dimethylamine)-4-(4-morpholine)benzene (amb) and 1,1'-dimethylferrocene (dmfc) have been used as mediators. the biosensors showed a linear calibration graph up to 18 mm of glucose when operated at 0.04-0.36 v versus a saturated calomel electrode. almost no change was detected in the sensitivity of the biosensors at ... | 2001 | 11390220 |
| abscisic acid- and cold-induced thaumatin-like protein in winter wheat has an antifungal activity against snow mould, microdochium nivale. | cold acclimation of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings induces accumulation in the apoplast of tatlps that are similar to thaumatin-like proteins (tlps), which are pathogenesis-related proteins. we characterized a cdna of was-3a encoding the major isoform of tatlps from winter wheat cells and showed that was-3a transcripts were markedly increased by treatment with aba and by treatment with elicitors (chitosan, beta-glucan and cell wall fractions of fusarium oxysporum and microdochium ... | 2002 | 12010473 |
| antimicrobial activity of berberine--a constituent of mahonia aquifolium. | the antimicrobial activity of the protoberberine alkaloid, berberine, isolated from mahonia aquifolium, was evaluated against 17 microorganisms including two gram-negative bacteria--pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli (both resistant and sensitive), two gram-positive bacteria--bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus, zoogloea ramigera, six filamentous fungi--penicilium chrysogenum, aspergillus niger, aureobasidium pullulans (black and white strain), trichoderma viride (original green ... | 2002 | 12422513 |
| competitive interactions between microdochium nivale var. majus, m. nivale var. nivale and fusarium culmorum in planta and in vitro. | microdochium nivale var. majus and var. nivale are economically important fungal pathogens of cereal seedlings, stem bases and ears, as is the toxigenic species fusarium culmorum. competition experiments on seedlings support an earlier report of differential host preference between the varieties of m. nivale on wheat and rye seedlings at 15 degrees c, but showed that it does not extend across a broad range of temperatures. the studies showed that, although interaction is disadvantageous to the l ... | 2004 | 14686944 |
| toxicological studies on lactose oxidase from microdochium nivale expressed in fusarium venenatum. | a new carbohydrate oxidase, lactose oxidase, with high specificity of oxidizing the disaccharide lactose to lactobionic acid has been found. this enzyme opens up for a variety of applications. a programme of toxicological studies was conducted to establish the safety of lactose oxidase to be used as a processing aid in the food industry. the enzyme used in this study was produced by a submerged fermentation of fusarium venenatum and contained a gene code from microdochium nivale. oral administra ... | 2004 | 15135207 |
| development of early apoptosis and changes in t-cell subsets in mouse thymocyte primary cultures treated with nivalenol. | nivalenol (niv), a trichothecene mycotoxin, is a secondary fungal metabolite mainly produced by fusarium nivale. we first reported that niv could induce apoptosis and changes in lymphocyte subsets in lymphoid tissues of mice. in this study, to clarify the direct effects of niv on thymocytes, mouse thymocyte primary cultures were treated with niv at the dose levels of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 microg/ml and examined for up to 24 h after treatment by flow cytometry. the number of viable cells decreased si ... | 2004 | 15351239 |
| occurrence and distribution of microdochium nivale and fusarium species isolated from barley, durum and soft wheat grains in france from 2000 to 2002. | fusarium head blight of small grain cereal is a disease of growing concern in europe. along with microdochium nivale, several species of fusarium may be associated with the disease, including species that are potentially toxigenic. this paper describes the results of a large scale survey of the variety and frequency of different fusarium species and m. nivale in france. a total of 749 soft wheat, durum wheat and barley samples were collected and analyzed from 2000 to 2002. the most frequent spec ... | 2004 | 15645174 |
| synergistic substrates determination with biosensors. | high sensitive biosensors for heterocyclic compounds determination were built using oxidases-catalyzed hexacyanoferrate(iii) reduction in the presence of these compounds. as oxidases aspergillus niger glucose oxidase and recombinant microdochium nivale carbohydrate oxidase were used. the biosensors were build using graphite electrodes and entrapped solution of the oxidases. the sensitivity of the biosensors achieves 5.2-14.5 microa microm-1 cm-2. the detection limit of some heterocyclic compound ... | 2005 | 15967363 |
| influence of agro-environmental factors on fusarium infestation and population structure in wheat kernels. | the influence of location, year and cultivar on occurrence, level of infestation and fusarium species spectrum in winter wheat seeds were evaluated. the wheat seeds from different cultivars and localities of the slovak republic were used for fusarium species evaluation during years 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2003. the significant influence of the locality on total fusarium kernel infestation was confirmed. the total sample infestation was significantly higher in the colder and moister localities, lowe ... | 2005 | 16028865 |
| phylogenetic analysis of ef-1 alpha gene sequences from isolates of microdochium nivale leads to elevation of varieties majus and nivale to species status. | degenerate pcr primers were designed based on ef-1 alpha (ef-1alpha) gene sequences of several filamentous fungi retrieved from sequence databases. these primers were used to isolate a partial sequence, approximately 830 bp in length of the ef-1alpha from isolates of microdochium nivale obtained from various geographic locations across the world. two distinct groups of isolates were evident among those isolates examined. sequence homology for comparisons within group was 99.7% for group a and 99 ... | 2005 | 16175789 |
| a cold inducible multidomain cystatin from winter wheat inhibits growth of the snow mold fungus, microdochium nivale. | a novel cold-induced cystatin cdna clone (tamdc1) was isolated from cold acclimated winter wheat crown tissue by using a macroarray-based differential screening method. the deduced amino acid sequence consisted of a putative n-terminal secretory signal peptide of 37 amino acids and a mature protein (mtamdc1) with a molecular mass of 23 kda. the mtamdc1 had a highly conserved n-terminal cystatin domain and a long c-terminal extension containing a second region, which exhibited partial similarity ... | 2006 | 16320069 |
| scale-up of enzymatic production of lactobionic acid using the rotary jet head system. | enzymatic oxidation of lactose to lactobionic acid (lba) by a carbohydrate oxidase from microdochium nivale was studied in a pilot-scale batch reactor of 600 l working volume using a rotary jet head (rjh) for mixing and mass transfer (nordkvist et al., 2003, chem eng sci 58:3877-3890). both lactose and whey permeate were used as substrate, air was used as oxygen source, and catalase was added to eliminate the byproduct hydrogen peroxide. more than 98% conversion to lba was achieved. neither enzy ... | 2007 | 17154315 |
| oxidation of lactose to lactobionic acid by a microdochium nivale carbohydrate oxidase: kinetics and operational stability. | oxidation of lactose to lactobionic acid by a microdochium nivale carbohydrate oxidase was studied. the k(m)-value for lactose, obtained by a traditional enzymatic assay, was 0.066 mm at ph 6.4 and 38 degrees c. the effect of oxygen on the enzymatic rate of reaction as well as the operational stability of the enzyme was studied by performing reactions at constant ph and temperature in a stirred tank reactor. catalase was included in all reactions to avoid inhibition and deactivation of the oxida ... | 2007 | 17154316 |
| quantitative fusarium spp. and microdochium spp. pcr assays to evaluate seed treatments for the control of fusarium seedling blight of wheat. | to develop sensitive quantitative pcr assays for the two groups of pathogens responsible for fusarium seedling blight in wheat: fusarium group (fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum) and microdochium group (microdochium nivale and microdochium majus); and to use the assays to assess performance of fungicide seed treatments against each group. | 2007 | 17578430 |
| immunotoxicity of nivalenol after subchronic dietary exposure to rats. | immunobiological effects of nivalenol (niv), a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fusarium nivale, were examined in male f344 rats after 90-day dietary exposure at doses of 0, 0.4, 1.5, and 6.9 mg/kg body weight/day (0, 6.25, 25 and 100 ppm, respectively) in a subchronic toxicity study. with regards to the serum immunoglobulin levels, a slight increase of igm was observed only at 6.9 mg/kg (26% increase), while levels of igg and iga did not fluctuate at any dose. flow cytometric analysis of spl ... | 2008 | 17881110 |
| use of a novel nonantibiotic triple marker gene cassette to monitor high survival of pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 on winter wheat in the field. | pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 was tagged with a triple marker gene cassette containing gfp, encoding green fluorescent protein; luxab, encoding luciferase; and telabkila, encoding tellurite resistance, and the tagged strain was monitored in the first swedish field release of a genetically modified microorganism (gmm). the cells were inoculated onto winter wheat seeds and the gmm cells (sbw25:tgl) were monitored in the field from september 2005 to may 2006 using plating, luminometry and microscop ... | 2008 | 18093144 |
| fungicide seed treatment efficacy against microdochium nivale and m. majus in vitro and in vivo. | seed-borne microdochium majus (wollenweber) and m. nivale fries are the primary pathogens responsible for fusarium seedling blight in the uk. the two species show differences in pathogenicity, host preference and sensitivities to temperature, but their relative sensitivities to fungicide seed treatments are unknown. the aim was firstly to determine the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments towards single-spore isolates of m. majus and m. nivale using in vitro experiments, and subsequently to det ... | 2008 | 18338339 |
| specific interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria: as revealed by different combinations. | the interactions between two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr, pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 and paenibacillus brasilensis pb177), two arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi (glomus mosseae and glomus intraradices) and one pathogenic fungus (microdochium nivale) were investigated on winter wheat (triticum aestivum cultivar tarso) in a greenhouse trial. pb177, but not sbw25, had strong inhibitory effects on m. nivale in dual culture plate assays. the results from the greenhouse experiment sh ... | 2008 | 18754788 |
| population dynamics of fusarium spp. and microdochium nivale in crops and crop residues of winter wheat. | abstract naturally occurring populations of fusarium avenaceum, f. culmorum, f. graminearum, f. poae, and microdochium nivale were studied in two field experiments from anthesis in june 2003 until harvest in crops of winter wheat, and subsequently during 10 months after harvest until june 2004 on their residues exposed on the soil surface under field conditions. the dynamics of the different pathogens were estimated by quantifying the amount of dna present in wheat tissues using taqman-polymeras ... | 2007 | 18943637 |
| role of ice nucleation and antifreeze activities in pathogenesis and growth of snow molds. | abstract we examined the ability of snow molds to grow at temperatures from -5 to 30 degrees c and to influence the growth of ice through assays for ice nucleation and antifreeze activities. isolates of coprinus psychromorbidus (low temperature basidiomycete variant), microdochium nivale, typhula phacorrhiza, t. ishikariensis, t. incarnata, and t. canadensis all grew at -5 degrees c, whereas sclerotinia borealis and s. homoeocarpa did not grow at temperatures below 4 degrees c. the highest thres ... | 2000 | 18944584 |
| first occurrence of resistance to strobilurin fungicides in microdochium nivale and microdochium majus from french naturally infected wheat grains. | microdochium nivale (fr.) samuels & hallet and microdochium majus (wollenweber) belong to the fusarium ear blight (feb) fungal complex affecting cereals. in 2007 and 2008, major microdochium sp. infestations were observed in france, and the efficacy of strobilurins was found to be altered in some field trials. the aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity to strobilurins of french isolates of microdochium and to characterise the possible mechanisms of resistance. | 2009 | 19431150 |
| crystallization of carbohydrate oxidase from microdochium nivale. | microdochium nivale carbohydrate oxidase was produced by heterologous recombinant expression in aspergillus oryzae, purified and crystallized. the enzyme crystallizes with varying crystal morphologies depending on the crystallization conditions. several different crystal forms were obtained using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method, two of which were used for diffraction measurements. hexagon-shaped crystals (form i) diffracted to 2.66 a resolution, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 55.7, c ... | 2009 | 19478452 |
| probing reactivity of pqq-dependent carbohydrate dehydrogenases using artificial electron acceptor. | the kinetic parameters of carbohydrate oxidation catalyzed by acinetobacter calcoaceticus pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) and escherichia coli pqq-dependent aldose sugar dehydrogenase (asdh) were determined using various electron acceptors. the radical cations of organic compounds and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol are the most reactive with both enzymes in presence of glucose. the reactivity of dioxygen with asdh is low; the bimolecular constant k (ox) = 660 m ... | 2010 | 20936374 |
| in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide by carbohydrate oxidase and cellobiose dehydrogenase for bleaching purposes. | the carbohydrate oxidase from microdochium nivale (caox), heterologously expressed in aspergillus oryzae, and cellobiose dehydrogenase from myriococcum thermophilum (mtcdh), were assessed for their ability to generate bleaching species at a ph suitable for liquid detergents. the substrate specificities of caox and mtcdh were analyzed on a large variety of soluble and insoluble substrates, using oxygen as an electron receptor. even insoluble substrates like cellulose were oxidized from both caox ... | 2010 | 21117085 |
| in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide by carbohydrate oxidase and cellobiose dehydrogenase for bleaching purposes. | the carbohydrate oxidase from microdochium nivale (caox), heterologously expressed in aspergillus oryzae, and cellobiose dehydrogenase from myriococcum thermophilum (mtcdh), were assessed for their ability to generate bleaching species at a ph suitable for liquid detergents. the substrate specificities of caox and mtcdh were analyzed on a large variety of soluble and insoluble substrates, using oxygen as an electron receptor. even insoluble substrates like cellulose were oxidized from both caox ... | 2010 | 21298807 |
| fusarium head blight of cereals in denmark: species complex and related mycotoxins. | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction differentiating 10 fusarium spp. and microdochium nivale or m. majus was applied to a total of 396 grain samples of wheat, barley, triticale, oat, and rye sampled across denmark from 2003 to 2007, along with selected samples of wheat and barley from 1957 to 2000, to determine incidence and abundance of individual fusarium spp. the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol, zearalenone, t-2, and ht-2 were quantified using liquid chromatography-dou ... | 2011 | 21323468 |
| low temperature induced defence gene expression in winter wheat in relation to resistance to snow moulds and other wheat diseases. | cold hardening of winter wheat at 2 °c for 1-6 wks increased resistance to the snow mould pathogens ltb, typhula incarnata, and microdochium nivale as well as to powdery mildew (blumaria graminis f. sp. graminis) and stripe rust (puccinia striiformis). using microarrays and hardening of winter wheat for 0.25, 0.5, 1, 7, 21 and 49 d, an upregulation of a wide range of stress-response genes that include defence-related and abiotic stress-related genes, transcription factors including several lipox ... | 2011 | 21421352 |
| cold-induced responses in annual bluegrass genotypes with differential resistance to pink snow mold (microdochium nivale). | greens-type annual bluegrass (poa annua l.) is susceptible to winter stresses including subfreezing temperatures and pink snow mold (sm). to better understand the mechanisms of sm resistance in annual bluegrass, four sm-resistant and four sm-sensitive genotypes were incubated at low temperature with microdochium nivale (fries) samuels & hallett, the causal agent of pink snow mold. we assessed the impact of a 6-week incubation period with sm at 2 °c under high humidity (≥ 98%) on the accumulation ... | 2011 | 21421353 |
| indicator organisms for assessing sanitization during composting of plant wastes. | the potential for using plant pathogens and seeds as indicator organisms for assessing sanitization of plant wastes during composting was tested in bench-scale flask and large-scale systems. plasmodiophora brassicae was unsuitable due to high temperature tolerance in dry to moist composts, and detection of viable inoculum post-composting using bioassay plants not corresponding with that using taqman® pcr, possibly due to preservation of nucleic acids at elevated temperatures. several other plant ... | 2011 | 21546235 |
| Graminan breakdown by fructan exohydrolase induced in winter wheat inoculated with snow mold. | Fructan structures vary widely among plant species. Graminan-type fructans, extensions of sucrose through ß-(2,6)-linked fructosyl units with branches of ß-(2,1)-linked fructosyl units, accumulate in tissues of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) during cold hardening and are metabolized under persistent snow cover. Snow molds such as Typhula ishikariensis and Microdochium nivale opportunistically infect wheat under snow cover. Snow mold-resistant wheat cultivars tend to heavily accumulate and slow ... | 2011 | 21983139 |
| active pharmaceutical ingredient (api) from an estuarine fungus, microdochium nivale (fr.). | various marine habitats sustain variety of bio-sources of ecological and biotech potentials. pharmaceutical potential compound cyclosporine a was reported from marine fungus microdochium nivale associated with porteresia coarctata, a marine salt marsh grass from mangrove environment distributed along the central west coast (cwc) of india. this study involves association of m. nivale with p. coarctata plant, fermentation conditions, purification of cyclosporine a, chemical characterization etc. i ... | 2011 | 22319884 |
| global transcriptome changes in perennial ryegrass during early infection by pink snow mould. | lack of resistance to pink snow mould (microdochium nivale) is a major constraint for adaptation of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) to continental regions with long-lasting snow cover at higher latitudes. almost all investigations of genetic variation in resistance have been performed using cold acclimated plants. however, there may be variation in resistance mechanisms that are functioning independently of cold acclimation. in this study our aim was to identify candidate genes involved i ... | 2016 | 27346054 |
| fungi associated with rice at entre rios province, argentina. toxigenic capacity offusarium graminearum andmicrodochium nivale isolates. | a mycological survey was carried out on rice samples harvested in 1997 and 1998 from entre ríos province, belonging to the main production area of argentina. the relative density and isolation frequency of the prevalent fungi were statistically compared between locations and harvest seasons. the genusalternaria was the most prevalent component of the internal seedborne mycoflora in the two harvest seasons. fungi belonging to the generaphoma, fusarium, microdochium, penicillium andaspergillus wer ... | 2001 | 23605679 |
| activity of carbohydrate oxidases as influenced by wheat flour dough components. | the carbohydrate oxidase (coxmn) from microdochium nivale may well have desired functionalities as a dough and bread improver, similarly to aspergillus niger glucose oxidase (gox). coxmn catalyses the oxidation of various monosaccharides as well as maltooligosaccharides for which the best activity is obtained towards the maltooligosaccharides of polymerisation degrees 3 and 4. for the same activity towards glucose under air saturation, we show that coxmn exhibits a similar efficiency towards mal ... | 2015 | 25794758 |
| a novel fungal hyperparasite of puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat stripe rust. | puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), the causal fungus of wheat stripe rust, was previously reported to be infected by lecanicillium lecanii, microdochium nivale and typhula idahoensis. here, we report a novel hyperparasite on pst. this hyperparasitic fungus was identified as cladosporium cladosporioides (fresen.) ga de vries based on morphological characteristics observed by light and scanning electron microscopy together with molecular data. the hyperparasite reduced the production and v ... | 2014 | 25369036 |
| a new sesquiterpene from the entomogenous fungus phomopsis amygdali. | a new sesquiterpene, (+)-s-1-methyl-abscisic-6-acid (1), together with five known compounds, (+)-s-abscisic acid (2), fusicoccin j (3), 3α-hydroxyfusicoccin j (4), (r)-5-hydroxymethylmellein (5) and 4-hydroxyphenethyl acetate (6) was isolated from the fermentation extract of phomopsis amygdali, an entomogenous fungus isolated from call midge. their structures were determined mainly by analysis of ms and nmr spectroscopic data. compounds 1-6 were tested for antimicrobial activity against three pl ... | 2016 | 26181224 |
| mutual exclusion between fungal species of the fusarium head blight complex in a wheat spike. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat. fhb is caused by a species complex that includes two genera of ascomycetes: microdochium and fusarium. fusarium graminearum, fusarium culmorum, fusarium poae, and microdochium nivale are among the most common fhb species in europe and were chosen for these experiments. field studies and surveys show that two or more species often coexist within the same field or grain sample. in this study, we investigated the competitiven ... | 2015 | 25934622 |
| triticale biotic stresses--an overview. | triticale has been considered as resistant to diseases over a long time. although, many authors perpetuate this opinion, it is no longer true. however, in comparison to wheat and rye triticale still may look as a healthy crop, but its healthiness has been steadily declining. it could be explained by steady expansion of the growing area and longer exposure to pathogens. on the other hand, triticale is a crop on which meet pathogens of wheat and rye, but there is evidence that on triticale embedde ... | 2014 | 26072577 |
| genetic variation for foot-rot and fusarium head-blight resistances among full-sib families of a self-incompatible winter rye (secale cereale l.) population. | the amount of genetic variation for resistance to foot rot caused by pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, fusarium spp., and microdochium nivale and for resistance to head blight caused by fusarium culmorum are important parameters when estimating selection gain from recurrent selection in winter rye. one-hundred and eighty-six full-sib families of the selfincompatible population variety halo, representing the petkus gene pool, were tested for foot-rot resistance at five german location-year com ... | 1995 | 24169970 |
| efficient continuous biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by activated sludge micromycetes with enhanced tolerance to metal ion toxicity. | the method for producing agnps by granules of activated sludge micromycetes with enhanced tolerance to metal ion toxicity - penicillium glabrum, fusarium nivale and fusarium oxysporum has been developed; the optimum conditions for agnp biosynthesis being found: the ag(+) ion concentration, duration of the contact of microbial cells with silver ions, a growth phase of microorganisms, medium composition, a рн value, mixing conditions, and also lighting intensity. the effect of cl(-), so4(2-) and h ... | 2016 | 27866609 |
| toxic influence of silver and uranium salts on activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants and synthetic activated sludge associates modeled on its pure cultures. | toxic impact of silver and uranium salts on activated sludge of wastewater treatment facilities has been studied. some dominating cultures (an active nitrogen fixer agrobacterium tumifaciens (a.t) and micromyces such as fusarium nivale, fusarium oxysporum, and penicillium glabrum) have been isolated and identified as a result of selection of the activated sludge microorganisms being steadiest under stressful conditions. for these cultures, the lethal doses of silver amounted 1, 600, 50, and 300 ... | 2015 | 25027236 |
| coniochaetones e-i, new 4h-chromen-4-one derivatives from the cordyceps-colonizing fungus fimetariella sp. | five new 4h-chromen-4-one derivatives coniochaetones e-i (1-5), along with the known compounds coniochaetones b (6) and a (7) have been isolated from solid cultures of the cordyceps-colonizing fungus fimetariella sp. their structures were elucidated primarily by nmr spectroscopy and the absolute configurations of compounds 1-3 were assigned using the modified mosher's method. compound 4 showed weak cytotoxic activity against hela cells with ic50 values of 72.8 μm. the co-isolated known compound ... | 2013 | 23685047 |
| fungal diversity and natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in freshly harvested wheat grains from brazil. | this study investigated the fungal diversity and presence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in 150 samples of freshly harvested wheat grains collected in three regions of brazil (sao paulo, parana, and rio grande do sul). analysis of the mycobiota showed a predominance of alternaria sp., fusarium sp. and epicoccum sp. microdochium nivale (23%), a fungus rarely found in brazilian crops, was detected in sao paulo. four members of the fusarium graminearum species complex were isolated: f. graminear ... | 2016 | 26593513 |
| photosynthesis-dependent physiological and genetic crosstalk between cold acclimation and cold-induced resistance to fungal pathogens in triticale (triticosecale wittm.). | the breeding for resistance against fungal pathogens in winter triticale (triticosecale wittm.) continues to be hindered by a complexity of the resistance mechanisms, strong interaction with environmental conditions, and dependence on the plant genotype. we showed, that temperature below 4 °c induced the plant genotype-dependent resistance against the fungal pathogen microdochium nivale. the mechanism involved, at least, the adjustment of the reactions in the psii proximity and photoprotection, ... | 2015 | 25666539 |
| expanding the substrate scope of chitooligosaccharide oxidase from fusarium graminearum by structure-inspired mutagenesis. | chitooligosaccharide oxidase from fusarium graminearum (chito) oxidizes n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) and its oligomers with high efficiency at the c1-hydroxyl moiety while it shows poor or no activity with other carbohydrates. by sequence and structural comparison with other known carbohydrate oxidases (glucooligosaccharide oxidase from acremonium strictum and lactose oxidase from microdochium nivale) eleven mutants were designed to redirect the catalytic scope of chito for improved oxidation ... | 2015 | 25565162 |
| the prevalence and impact of fusarium head blight pathogens and mycotoxins on malting barley quality in uk. | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium and microdochium species can significantly affect the yield of barley grain as well as the quality and safety of malt and beer. the present study provides new knowledge on the impacts of the fhb pathogen complex on the malting and brewing quality parameters of naturally infected barley. quantitative real-time pcr and liquid chromatography double mass spectrometry were used to quantify the predominant fhb pathogens and fusarium mycotoxins, respectivel ... | 2014 | 24727381 |
| progress of snow mould infection in crowns of winter rye (secale cereale l.) is related to photosynthetic activity during cold acclimation. | resistance to snow mould is a feature determined by multiple genes. therefore, determining the phenotype of resistant plants is difficult as it requires an investigation over a long period of time from cold acclimation through pathogenesis. the aim of the present study was (i) to determine the characteristics of the resistant genotype and (ii) to clarify the connections between photosynthesis during cold acclimation and then pathogenesis caused by microdochium nivale. two inbred lines of winter ... | 2013 | 23820028 |
| variation in the spectrum of fusarium species on winter wheat. | in 1998-2000 a monitoring of the spectrum of fusarium species on winter wheat was carried out in the rhineland. the epidemic spread offusarium spp. on wheat plants during growing season was investigated as well as the grain contamination after harvest.f avenaceum was the fusarium species isolated most frequently followed byf culmorum, f poae andf graminearum. microdochium nivale occurred considerably only in 1998. both, susceptibility and plant height of the cultivars were correlated to the inci ... | 2001 | 23605749 |
| toxinogenicity ofmicrodochium nivale (fusarium nivale) isolates from cereals in poland. | microdochium nivale (fusarium nivale) was found to be frequently occuring in poland pathogen of small grain cereals heads, causing symptoms similar to those observed after infection offusarium species. in consecutive years since 1985 till 1989 the following percentage of wheat and rye ears infected withm. nivale and withfusarium head blight symptoms was found: 34%, 21%, 42%, 9%, 46% (wheat) and 57%, 43%, 65%, 4%, 47% (rye) heads.however, in naturally infected rye and wheat samples (kernels and c ... | 1991 | 23605894 |
| infection ability of mycelium and spores ofmicrodochium nivale (fr) samuels hallett tololium perenne l. | mycelium and spores ofmicrodochium nivale /syn.fusarium nivale/ were compared according to their ability to infect plants oflolium perenne. the experiments were carried out according to the "cold chamber" method (cormack, lebeau 1956 modified by pronczuk 1987). between these two types of inoculum significant differences were found. the spore inoculum did not give any symptoms while the mycelial inoculum incited a severe disease in plants oflolium perenne during one month of incubation.under labo ... | 1991 | 23605893 |
| the estimation op physiological variability of some isolates of fusarium nivale /fr./ ces. | the extend of physiological variability of five isolates of fusarium nivale /fr./ ces. using a tandem - crossed immunoelectrophoresis was studied. in the homological reaction of antiserum antl-f. nivale fourteen precipiration lines were obtained. the variability of antigens originated from different isolates was found. the studied isolates showed differentiation in pathogenicity to three rye genotypes. | 1987 | 23605010 |