| delayed hypersensitivity to fungal antigens in mice. ii. molecular classes in immunogenic rna extracts that transfer delayed hypersensitivity. | the transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to coccidioides immitis and candida albicans antigens with immunogenic rna extracts was studied in a mouse model. sensitivity was measured by skin tests and footpad swelling responses. immunogenic rna converted normal spleen cells in vitro so that they produced antigen-specific delayed hypersensitivity in mice that were given injections of the cells. rnase reduced the rate of, but did not abolish, in vitro interaction of immunogenic rna extracts with lymp ... | 1976 | 57198 |
| positive controls for fungal detection in tissue sections. | lyophilized histoplasma capsulatum, coccidioides immitis, blastomyces dermatitidis and aspergillus fumigatus are rehydrated, evenly dispersed, and made into smears using a bacteriological loop and alcohol-cleaned slides. smears are air dried for 15 minutes, fixed in concentrated formaldehyde fumes for 30 minutes, postfixed for one hour in ten per cent buffered formaldehyde, and stored at room temperature. these preparations are used as positive controls for the grocott stain as recommended for c ... | 1976 | 60881 |
| immunological procedure for the rapid and specific identification of coccidioides immitis cultures. | an immunological procedure for the rapid and specific identification of coccidioides immitis isolates has been developed. the specificity of the procedure is based on the fact that c. immitis produces antigens that are not produced by morphologically similar fungi. the procedure involved the transfer of heavy mold-form inocula to flasks that contained small volumes of brain heart infusion broth. shake cultures were grown at 25 degrees c on a gyratory shaker at 150 rpm. the concentrated supernata ... | 1977 | 66238 |
| transfer of delayed hypersensitivity in mice to microbial antigens with dialyzable transfer factor. | dialyzable lawrence-type transfer factor was prepared from the spleen cells of cf1 mice inoculated with coccidioides immitis- and candida albicans-killed vaccines and with live mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine (bcg). these preparations were shown to transfer antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity to naive mice, as measured by the delayed skin test and footpad-swelling methods. reactivity could be demonstrated when the test antigens were given 24 h after the transfer factor, but not when they ... | 1977 | 68930 |
| susceptibility of murine transfer factor to dimerized ribonuclease a. | dialyzable transfer factor was prepared from the spleens of cf1 mice actively sensitized with killed coccidioides immitis antigen. the transfer factor was administered to normal mice either intraperitoneally or into the hind footpads. the recipient mice were tested for reactivity to the coccidioides antigen and to candida albicans antigen by means of the footpad swelling test. the transfer factor conferred antigen-specific reactivity upon normal recipient mice when given by the intraperitoneal a ... | 1977 | 70409 |
| comparative immunochemical studies of different antigens of deep mycosis pathogens. | the disintegration of cells of coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis and candida albicans by ultrasonical treatment, repeated freezing-thawing or mechanical methods permitted to obtain antigens with a high protein content. the treatment of these fungal cells with beta-naphthol, ethanol, glycerine or alkali makes it possible to isolate antigens containing mainly polysaccharides. the studied antigens turned out to be complex compounds. proteins, glycoproteins, nucl ... | 1978 | 79329 |
| specificity of exoantigens for identifying cultures of coccidioides immitis. | forty-nine isolates of arthroconidial fungi other than coccidioides immitis did not produce immunodiffusion lines of identity with the reference system for that fungus. | 1978 | 81215 |
| improved version of the exoantigen test for identification of coccidioides immitis and histoplasma capsulatum cultures. | a rapid and simple method for extracting specific cell-free antigens of coccidioides immitis and histoplasma capsulatum from agar slant cultures was developed. the extracts were analyzed in immunodiffusion tests for the presence of c. immitis or h. capsulatum specific antigens. these extracts were compared with culture filtrates of brain heart infusion broth subcultures in tests with 32 isolates of c. immitis and h. capsulatum and 13 other fungi which might be morphologically confused with them. ... | 1978 | 97310 |
| miconazole in coccidioidomycosis. | the epidemiology of coccidioides immitis is described with respect to annual infection rates and differing ethnic susceptibilities to the infection. a trial of miconazole in infected mice produced 100% survival in conditions which normally kill 100% of animals, probably by drastically reducing the rate of fungal multiplication in the lung. the fungal endospore, the form of the dimorphic fungus found predominantly in host tissue is more sensitive to miconazole than is the mycelial form. data are ... | 1977 | 122639 |
| inhibition of coccidioides immitis in vitro and enhancement of antiococcidiodial effects of amphotericin b by polymyxin b. | growth of the spherule phase of coccidioides immitis in liquid glucose-mineral salts medium was suppressed for 13 days by 5 to 10 mug of polymyxin b per ml. inhibition of growth was also noted when filter paper disks containing polymyxin b were placed on the surface of arthrospore-seeded defined medium solidified with refined agar. the antibiotic evidently damaged the cytoplasmic membrane inasmuch as spherules suspended in distilled water containing 10 mug of polymyxin b per ml rapidly lost nucl ... | 1975 | 168806 |
| inhibition of growth of coccidioides immitis on sabouraud medium containing polymyxin b. | no growth of coccidioides immitis occurred when fluid from infected tissue or arthrospores suspended in distilled water were plated on the surface of sabouraud medium, solidified with refined agar, and containing 20 mg of polymyxin b per liter. solidification of sabouraud medium with unrefined agar completely abolished the anticoccidioidal activity of polymyxin b. | 1975 | 170311 |
| treatment of murine coccidioidomycosis with polymyxin b. | an agar dilution method was employed to test the susceptibility of 12 strains of coccidioides immitis to polymyxin b (pb). after 3 days of incubation, eight strains were markedly inhibited by 5.0 mug of pb per ml and four strains did not grow. pb at 10 mug/ml inhibited the growth of all strains through 20 days of incubation. to determine whether pb has anticoccidioidal activity in vivo, mice in groups of 30 were infected intraperitoneally with a mean lethal dose (ld(50)) or 20 ld(50) of arthrosp ... | 1976 | 185950 |
| extraction of skin test activity from coccidioides immitis mycelia by water, perchloric acid, and aqueous phenol extraction. | water, perchloric acid extracts, and fractions of partially defatted whole mycelia of coccidioides immitis contained delayed skin test activity when tested in c. immitis-infected guinea pits. aqueous phenol extraction of these fractions resulted in partitioning of activity between aqueous-soluble and phenol-soluble fractions; activity was found to be water soluble after removal of phenol by extensive dialysis. highest specific activity skin test antigen was invariably found in the phenol-soluble ... | 1978 | 203531 |
| coccidioides immitis osteomyelitis of the mandible in an infant. | coccidioidomycotic osteomyelitis developed at the angle of the right side of the mandible in a 5-month-old papago infant. the disease was successfully treated with a combination of amphotericin b, surgery, and transfer factor with complete immunological, microbiological, and radiological cure. at 4 years of age, the only residual effect is prominence of the right hemimandible with asymmetry of the jaw. | 1977 | 267753 |
| metastatic coccidioidal endophthalmitis. | a severe granulomatous iridocyclitis developed in association with a cavitary pulmonary lesion in a 29-year-old man. the initial diagnosis and treatment was for pulmonary tuberculosis with tuberculous uveitis. although the pulmonary lesion improved with antituberculous therapy, the condition of the eye deteriorated. an anterior-chamber tap was positive for coccidioides immitis, and the patient was treated with intravenous and two intracameral injections of amphotericin b. the eye was ultimately ... | 1978 | 306245 |
| mitogenic factor from chronically infected guinea pigs. | a lymphokine produced by antigen stimulated lymphocytes, induces blastogenesis in cultures of lymphocytes which are not sensitive to the specific antigen. the in vitro production of this factor (mf) was accomplished utilizing peritoneal exudate (pe) cells from coccidioides immitis infected guinea pigs. production of mf by lymphoid cultures paralleled skin test reactivity of the donor animal. removal of adherent cells from the pe population did not decrease the production of mf; conversely, a mor ... | 1978 | 308928 |
| mechanisms of resistance to infection with coccidioides immitis in mice. | serum from vaccinated mice was ineffective in neutralizing the infectivity of arthrospores of coccidioides immitis for recipient mice. however, a t-cell-enriched lymphocyte population was effective in preventing a lethal infection. spleen cells from immune mice were passaged through nylon wool columns resulting in a t-cell enriched, b-cell-depleted population as shown by the susceptibility of the cell population to anti-theta serum and the inability of the cells to transfer adoptively an immune ... | 1979 | 313369 |
| infectious pneumonias: a review. | diplococcus pneumoniae remains the most frequent cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. other frequently isolated bacterial pathogens are hemophilus influenzae, klebsiella organisms, and staphylococcus aureus. the etiologic agents most commonly implicated in hopsital-acquired pneumonias are gram-negative bacilli including e. coli, proteus organisms, and species of klebsiella-enterobacter, pseudomonas, and serratia. among older children and young-adults, myocoplasma pneumoniae is a comm ... | 1977 | 320285 |
| significance of t cells in resistance to experimental murine coccidioidomycosis. | the resistance of mice to coccidioidomycosis was found to be dependent on lymphoid cells. thus, spleen cells from mice immunized with killed spherules of coccidioides immitis, when transferred to irradiated (500 r) recipients, conferred upon the recipient mice resistance to infection with c. immitis. prior incubation of these spleen cells with anti-theta serum in the presence of complement abrogated their capacity to protect the recipients from infection with c. immitis. adult thymectomized mice ... | 1977 | 332628 |
| the effect of freezing and the influence of isolation medium on the recovery of pathogenic fungi from sputum. | the primary objective of this study was to determine whether freezing sputa in dry ice had any effect on the recovery of pathogenic fungi. sputa seeded with each of five fungi (histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, cryptococus neoformans, coccidioides immitis, and aspergillus fumigatus) were frozen and stored for 24, 48, and 72 hours on dry ice. h. capsulatum was killed, and only a few colonies of b. dermatitidis and c. neoformans were isolated from these sputa. however, a. fumigatus ... | 1977 | 335251 |
| comparative susceptibility of four kinds of pathogenic fungi to amphotericin b and amphotericin b methyl ester. | the activity of amphotericin b methyl ester was compared with that of amphotericin b, using candida albicans (34 isolates), torulopsis glabrata (12 isolates), filobasidiella neoformans (stat. conid. cryptococcus neoformans) (14 isolates), and coccidioides immitis (37 isolates) and tube dilution in a totally synthetic, completely defined medium (saamf) with inocula of 10(4) colony-forming units per ml. minimal inhibitory concentrations were read after 24 h at 34 degrees c for c. albicans and t. g ... | 1978 | 354519 |
| coccidioidomycosis in a patient with lymphoma. spherulation in human pleural fluid medium. | in a caucasian woman who had had a giant follicular lymphoma for 21 months a small lesion developed in the upper lobe of the left lung. excision, histologic study, and culture of the lesion were performed. of the many stained sections, only one revealed endospore-containing spherules within the caseous necrosis of a granuloma, and only four spherules were identified. on agar medium the same tissue yielded a fast-growing fungus that produced arthrospores alternating with empty cells, typical of c ... | 1978 | 360822 |
| significance of an in vitro phenomenon in which murine erythrocytes are lysed by autologous spleen cells and spherules of coccidioides immitis. | spleen cells from mice immunized with a variety of antigens and incubated in vitro with killed spherules of coccidioides immitis lyse six to eight times more autologous murine erythrocytes than normal spleen cells and spherules. cellular and biochemical events in this phenomenon were investigated to ascertain its significance. kinetic studies suggested that hemolysis results from the activation of some immune cells by spherules. the capacity of spherules to activate these cells is rather unusual ... | 1979 | 370005 |
| [immunochemical properties of the extracellular hydrolases (protease and alkaline phosphatase) of coccidioides immitis]. | extracellular hydrolases (protease and alkaline phosphatase) of the coccidioidal fungus possessed antigenic properties and caused production of the corresponding antibodies. phosphatase-antiphosphatase-substrate system apparently has future prospects for the elaboration of immunobiochemical methods for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. | 1977 | 411289 |
| the usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in evaluating new pulmonary lesions in the compromised host. | thirty-four fiberoptic bronchoscopies employing various bronchoscopic technics were carried out in 33 immune-compromised patients for the evaluation of new pulmonary lesions. transbronchial biopsy was performed only with fluoroscopic guidance and was omitted in patients with a bleeding tendency. bronchial brushing and bronchial washing were successfully carried out despite the presence of contraindications to biopsy. brushing and washing were diagnostically useful in 66 and 74 per cent of the ca ... | 1979 | 433965 |
| chronic progressive coccidioidal pneumonitis. report of six cases with clinical, roentgenographic, serologic, and therapeutic features. | chronic progressive coccidioidal pneumonitis (cpcp) is an uncommon sequela of acute pulmonary coccidiodomycosis. six recent patients with cpcp are described, most of whom were previously healthy. the clinical presentation was indolent, resulting in long diagnostic delays. serial chest roentgenograms showed progressive pulmonary infiltration and sputum cultures were persistently positive for coccidioides immitis. serum complement fixation (cf) antibody titers were high, with five of six patients ... | 1979 | 443948 |
| coccidioidomycosis of the thyroid. | in two patients with thyroiditis caused by coccidioides immitis, presented thyroid symptoms and findings were characteristic of subacute thyroiditis. fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid proved useful in establishing the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. this is the first report of coccidioidomycosis presenting as thyroiditis. | 1979 | 475170 |
| immunization of mice against coccidioidomycosis with a subcellular vaccine. | in vitro-cultivated spherules of coccidioides immitis were disrupted in a braun homogenizer. the resultant wall fragments were separated from cell sap and endospores by centrifugation. extraction of the walls with phosphate-buffered saline yielded a subcellular fraction that was immunogenic in mice. this fraction, which contained polysaccharide and protein, gave substantial protection against intranasal challenge with a usually lethal dose (1,000) of arthrospores, provided that it was administer ... | 1979 | 478645 |
| cross-reactivity between antigens of coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis in lymphocyte transformation assays. | the cross-reactivity of four coccidioides antigens, three histoplasma antigens, and two blastomyces antigens were determined in lymphocyte transformation assays of 11 coccidioidin-reactive, histoplasmin-nonreactive subjects (group i), 13 coccidioidin-nonreactive, histoplasmin-reactive persons (group ii), and 13 subjects who were skin test negative to both antigens (group iii). mycelial and yeast (or spherule)-phase antigens of the three fungi were included. significant cross-reactivity was obtai ... | 1979 | 500193 |
| association of abo blood group and outcome of coccidioidal infection. | dissemination of fungal infection due to coccidioides immitis has been previously shown to be related to hereditary factors. two associations reported to date are race (e.g., filipino and black ancestry) and hla histocompatibility type (hla-19). in the present study of 105 patients a significant association of blood group b and dissemination is demonstrated. c. immitis is known to possess antigens with blood group a activity. previous epidemiologic studies have also shown hla-a9 and blood group ... | 1979 | 531716 |
| electron microscopic studies of saprobic and parasitic forms of coccidioides immitis. | during studies of both saprobic and parasitic cycles of coccidioides immitis, we found that the hyphae contained septa with simple pores, woronin bodies, pinocytotic vesicles and/or lomasomes. the alternating thallic arthroconidia were released by fracturing of the adjacent sterile cells. the endospores were formed by progressive cleavage of the spherules. the taxonomic classification of c. immitis still remains obscure. | 1979 | 531717 |
| coccidioidin sensitivity in san diego schools. | san diego is located within the geographic distribution of known occurrence of coccidioides immitis contamination of the soil. forty-five to fifty-five cases are diagnosed in san diego hospitals each year. skin tests were administered to one thousand and twenty-seven ninth grade students in five selected san diego schools. coccidioidin 1:100 was administered by mantoux technique, intradermally. induration was measured at forty-eight hours. greater than 5 mm of induration was noted in 9.7% of stu ... | 1979 | 542888 |
| x-ray microanalysis as applied to fungal tissues. | analytical electron microscopy combines the techniques of high-resolution electron microscopy and high-sensitivity x-ray microanalysis of samples. spectrometry of the elements (characteristic x-rays produced by a scanning electron microprobe) was employed to detect some elements of mendeleev's classification in pathogenic fungi for humans. x-ray microanalysis applied in wavelength dispersive spectrometry was used to study coccidioïdes immitis, paracoccidioïdes brasiliensis and trichosporum cutan ... | 1977 | 558789 |
| intravenous and intrathecal miconazole therapy for systemic mycoses. | ten patients with systemic mycoses, including five with fungal meningitis, were treated with intravenously or intrathecally administered miconazole, or both. minimal inhibitory concentrations of miconazole for clinical isolates of coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans were less than 0.6 microg per ml. except for pruritus of variable degrees, the drug was well tolerated both intravenously and intrathecally by all patients. no measurable impairment of renal, hepatic or ... | 1977 | 576177 |
| laryngeal coccidioidomycosis. | a patient had severe bilateral pulmonary coccidioidomycosis with laryngeal involvement proved on biopsy to be caused by coccidioides immitis. to my knowledge, this has been reported only once before and appears to be a rarely seen complication of pulmonary infection by direct inoculation. | 1977 | 576463 |
| therapeutic properties of oral ambruticin (w7783) in experimental pulmonary coccidioidomycosis of mice. | oral administration of ambruticin (w7783) (by gavage) was lifesaving in mice infected intranasally with arthrospores of coccidioides immitis. doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg of body weight, given twice daily by different schedules for from 17 to 60 days, eradicated the fungus from 71 to 100% of the infected mice. lower doses (5 or 10 mg/kg once or twice daily by an intermittent 50-day regimen) prevented death in all instances but produced many fewer biologic cures. the animals tolerated all these doses ... | 1978 | 620582 |
| [tropic-subtropic fungus infections in germany]. | observations by the author and other workers on exotic mycoses in germany are used in order to establish several groups of patients. the following mycoses from tropical and subtropical areas and their causative agents are mentioned: tinea nigra (cladosporium werneckii), south american blastomycosis (paracoccidioides brasiliensis), coccidioidomycosis (coccidioides immitis), histoplasmosis (histoplasma capsulatum), mycetoma (madurella mycetomi), dermatophytosis/tinea capitis (trichophyton soudanen ... | 1978 | 627480 |
| disseminated coccidioidomycosis: clinical, immunologic and therapeutic aspects. | a patient with disseminated coccidioidomycosis initially had pulmonary and skin manifestations and survived for 14 years before dying of meningitis due to coccidioides immitis. in addition to several courses of amphotericin b therapy the patient received injections of transfer factor derived from appropriate donors and miconazole nitrate therapy. the immunologic defence mechanisms of the patient during the course of his disease were studied and the possibility of a cell-mediated immunologic defe ... | 1978 | 630499 |
| isolation of coccidioides immitis from bat guano and preliminary findings on laboratory infectivity of bats with coccidioides immitis. | | 1978 | 634037 |
| comparison of the in vitro antifungal activities of miconazole and a new imidazole, r41,400. | r41,400 is a recently synthesized, water-soluble imidazole. its antifungal properties were compared in vitro with those of miconazole using an agar dilution procedure and 175 isolates of human fungal pathogens. the filamentous forms of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis were inhibited by less than or equal to 2 microgram of either drug/ml; coccidioides immitis was inhibited by less than or equal to 0.5 microgram of r41,400/ml. among the yeasts tested, cryptococcus neoformans and ... | 1978 | 681800 |
| in vitro studies with ambruticin, a new antifungal antibiotic. | the in vitro antifungal inhibitory activities of ambruticin and of various antifungal drugs of choice against 190 fungal pathogens representative of the major human mycoses were compared using a modification of the ics agar dilution technique. ambruticin compared favorably with amphotericin b and miconazole when tested against the dimorphic pathogens coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, and blastomyces dermatitidis and against aspergillus fumigatus. miconazole was the most active compou ... | 1978 | 686712 |
| a case of coccidioidomycosis with unique clinical features. | primary coccidioidomycosis, occurring in a microbiologist whose initial symptoms were cough, fever, night sweats, and chest pain, was unique, because for six months following infection his sera remained nonreactive, and his chest roentgenograms showed no lesions. throughout this period, his sputa continued to yield coccidioides immitis. his skin test, which showed negative results 12 days after the onset of symptoms, became positive for coccidioidomycosis eight months later. spherule formation b ... | 1978 | 686936 |
| otomycosis due to coccidioidomycosis. | the course and treatment of two patients with otomycosis due to coccidioides immitis, believed to be the first such cases reported, are described. both infections appeared due to reactivation of hematogenously disseminated foci. local and systemic chemotherapy plus surgery resulted in remission, and host immune response also appears to be an important factor. one patient, with systemic lupus erythematosus, required more extensive surgery, more chemotherapy, and reduction in steroid dose to arres ... | 1978 | 686941 |
| in vitro comparison of the antifungal activities of r34,000, miconazole and amphotericin b. | in vitro susceptibilities of 78 isolates of pathogenic filamentous fungi to the imidazole compounds r34,000 and miconazole and to amphotericin b were determined using an agar dilution technique. allescheria boydii, sporothrix schenckii and the dematiaceous fungi (cladosporium, fonsecaea and phialophora spp.) were most susceptible to miconazole with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values ranging from less than or equal to 0.25 to 32 microgram/ml and with geometric mean mic (g-mic) values o ... | 1978 | 699677 |
| oral therapy for experimental coccidioidomycosis with r41 400 (ketoconazole), a new imidazole. | oral treatment of mice with r41 400, ketoconazole, after intranasal challange with arthrospores of coccidioides immitis prevented death at doses of 40 mg per kg of body weight per day. doses of 160 mg per kg of body weight per day during 50 to 100 days eradicated the fungus from the lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys of approximately one half of the infected animals. resistance to the drug was not induced during prolonged treatment. hydropic changes in the liver occurred in animals receiving doses ... | 1978 | 707893 |
| delayed hypersensitivity responses of experimental animals to histoplasmin from the yeast and mycelial phases of histoplasma capsulatum. | controlled yeast lysate (cyl) and controlled mycelial lysate (cml) histoplasmins were produced from histoplasma capsulatum grown in a nutritionally lean, chemically defined medium. the lysates were assayed for skin-test activity in guinea pigs sensitized by infection with the homologous organism. in some studies, nonliving vaccine preparations were employed also. inter-lot biological variation was minimal, and 20 lots of the cyl reagent elicited strong dermal reactions with high specificity. fur ... | 1978 | 711329 |
| chemotaxigenic activity of extracts from the mycelial and spherule phases of coccidioides immitis for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | in order to further characterize human host defenses against coccidioides immitis, extracts of this fungus were tested in vitro for their ability to attract polymorphonuclear leukocytes derived from peripheral blood of uninfected subjects. soluble substances prepared from the mycelial (saprophytic) and spherule (tissue) phases exhibited, in the presence of serum, dose-dependent chemotactic activity. the dose-response correlations were different. the spherule-derived preparation showed decreased ... | 1978 | 711340 |
| coccidioides immitis endospores: phagocytosis by human cells. | phagocytosis of killed endospores by glass adherent peripheral human mononuclear cells was studied. phagocytosis continued through 30 minutes of incubation. no difference in rates of ingestion could be detected when cells from coccidioidin-reactive and nonreactive subjects were compared although both groups ingested endospores more avidly than latex particles. | 1978 | 732866 |
| tempest from tehachapi takes toll or coccidioides conveyed aloft and afar. | new cases of acute primary coccidioidomycosis in large numbers resulted from a windstorm that blew through kern county, california, on december 20, 1977. in most of these cases clinically apparent infections developed in early and mid-january 1978 and occurred not only in persons exposed directly to the dust raised by the windstorm but also among those in many areas to the north and west of kern county. the exposure to the dustborne coccidioides immitis was brief because of the arrival of drench ... | 1978 | 735056 |
| [peptidase activity of coccidioides immitis]. | glycyl-l-leucinehydrolase consisting of three molecular units was extracted from c. immitis solid cultural medium. during fractionation in polyacrylamide gel of the enzyme-containing extract a 50-fold purification of the enzyme isoform with molecular weight 12,800 is achieved. the enzyme is heat-stable, active in the narrow ph range and hydrolizes peptide bonds containing glycine. its activity is not inhibited by none of the protease inhibitors tested. | 1978 | 737221 |
| [effect of the drying medium, age and the concentration of the cultures on the survivability of coccidioides immitis during lyophilization]. | | 1978 | 747002 |
| [transfer of cellular immunity to the causative agent of coccidioidosis using the transfer factor in mice]. | experiments conducted on non-linear mice demonstrated a possibility of transfer by the intact recipient of delayed hypersensitivity by means of lawrence'transfer-factor from mice immunized with coccidioides immitis. the transfer factor administered 48 hours before the intranasal infection protected mice from the lethal dose of coccidioides. this indicated that in coccidioidosis it was possible to transfer delayed hypersensitivity and cellular immunity with the transfer factor. | 1978 | 747028 |
| a case of coccidioidomycosis in australia. | we report what we believe to be the first case of coccidioidomycosis to be diagnosed within australia, and emphasize the dangers of handling coccidioides immitis in the laboratory. | 1977 | 758033 |
| delayed hypersensitivity to fungal antigens in mice. ii. characterization of the active component in immunogenic rna extracts. | in a mouse model, cell-mediated immunity to coccidioides immitis, as assayed by the delayed hypersensitivity skin test, was transferred with whole immunogenic rna extract and its greater than 33s and 6s-13s sedimentation fractions. both fractions were cleaved by rnase, but the products retained their transfer activity. the greater than 33s fraction of immunogenic rna extract was inactivated by pronase, whereas the 6s-13s fraction was resistant to the proteolytic enzyme; however, after rnase trea ... | 1976 | 772131 |
| effect of cetylpyridinium chloride on pathogenic fungi and nocardia asteroides in sputum. | the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) on pathogenic fungi and nocardia asteroides was studied. sputa seeded with each of 11 organisms (aspergillus flavus; aspergillus fumigatus, blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoformans, geotrichum candidum, histoplasma capsulatum; nocardia asteroides, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and sporothrix schenckii) were treated with cpc and kept for 2, 5 and 9 days. the cpc reagent used (0.5% cpc and 0.5% sodium ch ... | 1976 | 773957 |
| double electroimmunodiffusion: a rapid diagnostic test for canine coccidioidomycosis. | double electroimmunodiffusion (eid) was adapted for detection of antibodies to coccidioides immitis. in a limited experiment with canine serums, the test was found to be qualitatively as sensitive as the complement-fixation (cf) test. advantages of eid over cf are that eid takes only 30 minutes to perform and requires only 10 mul each of antigen and antibody. | 1975 | 807133 |
| counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the detection of antibodies against coccidioides immitis. | in recent years counterimmunoelectrophoresis has been increasingly used in the diagnosis of microbial diseases, and our study was undertaken to evaluate its possible use in the rapid detection of antibodies against coccidioides immitis. one hundred twelve specimens from 50 patients were studied. the study population comprised the following: group i, 34 patients with an active coccidioidomycosis infection; group ii, five patients with a positive coccidioidin skin test; group iii, five patients wi ... | 1976 | 826201 |
| cell walls of coccidioides immitis: neutral sugars of aqueous alkaline extract polymers. | the neutral sugar components of hydrolysates of the alkali-soluble and -insoluble fractions of an acid-extracted coccidioides immitis mycelial cell wall preparation were examined by gas-liquid chromatography. the alkali-soluble fraction was separated into a neutral water-soluble (46% carbohydrate) and a neutral water-insoluble fraction (6% carbohydrate). glucose was the major neutral sugar constituent of all fractions. mannose appeared to be a second major component of the alkali-soluble, water- ... | 1977 | 832908 |
| reproducible method for induction of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in mice. | intranasal instillation of an inoculum has been suggested as a method for establishment of experimental pulmonary infections. because we encountered untoward variation in rates and times of death with use of this method for inducing coccidioidomycosis in mice, a simple method for direct intratracheal infection was devised. with doses of 50 or 100 arthrospores of coccidioides immitis, mortality rates were 80%-90% from 14 to 25 days after infection by the intratracheal route and 20%-60% from 12 to ... | 1977 | 833444 |
| pulmonary mycetoma due to coccidioides immitis. | pulmonary mycetoma due to coccidioides immitis has been reported on three occasions. the present case is the fourth such report occurring in a patient with widely disseminated disease. spherules and hyphae were found in the specimen. while the active pulmonary and extra-pulmonary lesions responded well to therapy with amphotericin b, resection was required to eliminate the residual mycetoma and its attendant hemoptysis. | 1977 | 837765 |
| [coccidioides immitis: isolation from soil samples in san luis and mendoza provinces]. | by using the double pour plate method, yeasts extract agar (ye) which contained a high concentration of chloramphenicol-streptomycin sulfate and cycloheximide,, and by inoculating mice intraperitoneally, we succeed in the isolation of different strains of coccidicides immitis from 12 samples of the soils collected in the province of san luis and from 1 of the province of mendoza (argentina), a 70% of the samples turned out positive. identification of the strains was based on macro- and micro-mor ... | 1977 | 857328 |
| studies on mediators of cellular immunity in experimental coccidioidomycosis. | the time course of delayed hypersensitivity (dh) to spherulin was regularly detected 3 days before and up to 140 days after sensitization of guniea pigs by repeated testing with the in vitro macrophage migration inhibition method. the properties of mycelial and spherule-derived coccidioidins in dermal sensitivity reactions were studied with regard to infected or vaccinated with coccidioides immitis guinea pigs. the mediators for cellular immunity such as promotion of phagocytosis, skin reactive ... | 1977 | 857329 |
| in vitro lymphocyte responses of coccidioidin skin test-positive and -negative persons to coccidioidin, spherulin, and a coccidioides cell wall antigen. | the biological activity of c-asws, an alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall antigen isolated from mycelial-phase cells of coccidioides immitis, was compared with that of a commercial coccidioidin (cdn; cutter laboratories); cdn-ts, a toluene-induced lysate of mycelial-phase cells; and spherulin, a spherule-derived extract of c. immitis. lymphocytes obtained from healthy cdn skin test-positive donors (group i), healthy skin test-negative donors (group ii), and patients with active coccidioidomy ... | 1977 | 870430 |
| uniform susceptibility of various strains of coccidioides immitis to amphotericin b. | the susceptibility of 12 strains of coccidioides immitis to amphotericin b (amb) was studied in vitro and in vivo. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of the mycelial phase of these strains was 0.078 to 0.16 mug/ml after 3 days of incubation, but by 15 days all strains were inhibited by 2.5 mug/ml. mice infected intraperitoneally with these strains were sucessfully treated with 0.5 mg of amb per kg per day. these strains included several studied by others and which reportedly varied widel ... | 1977 | 879751 |
| primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis: a review of the literature and a report of a new case. | a 31-year-old woman working in the laboratory with the mycelial phase of coccidioides immitis developed a firm, raised, erythematous lesion on the left index finger. a biopsy specimen of the lesion grew a white mold that proved to be c immitis. a sinus tract communicating with the lesion and extending into the proximal phalanx developed. the expressed pus was positive for the tissue form of c immitis by potassium hydroxide and periodic acid-schiff stains and fluorescent-antibody techniques. the ... | 1977 | 879815 |
| comparison of coccidioides immitis arthrospore, mycelium, and spherule cell walls, and influence of growth medium on mycelial cell wall composition. | comparative lipid content, cell wall yield, neutral monosaccharide, glucosamine, and protein (amino acid) contents of arthrospores, mycelia, and spherules of coccidioides immitis cash were studied. cellular lipid contents were found in the decreasing order: spherules, arthrospores, mycelia. lipid content of mycelia did not reach the level of arthrospores or spherules even when mycelia were grown on relatively rich media. cell wall yields of spherules were lower than for mycelia when grown on com ... | 1977 | 885618 |
| comparison of coccidioidin and spherulin in complement fixation tests for coccidioidomycosis. | coccidioidin, an extract from the saprophytic mycelial form of coccidioides immitis, has been a very useful antigen preparation in serological tests for coccidioidomycosis. its sensitivity has been very good for detecting most types of clinical disease, but tests with coccidioidin have been negative for 40% or more of patients with chronic pulmonary disease, the clinical entity which must be differentiated from other cavitary, nodular, or fibrotic pulmonary disease, e.g., tuberculosis and cancer ... | 1977 | 886007 |
| treatment of fungal meningitis with miconazole. | twelve patients with fungal meningitis (ten cases were due to coccidioides immitis, two were from cryptococcus neoformans) were treated with brief courses of intravenous (iv) miconazole. eleven patients, including patients with severe, chronic disease, had been treated unsuccessfully with amphotericin b. four patients also received miconazole injected directly into the csf. the drug was well tolerated by any route, with mild reversible side effects. after iv administration the miconazole concent ... | 1977 | 901086 |
| unusual manifestation of coccidioides immitis infection. | cavitary pulmonary disease secondary to coccidioidomycosis occurs in endemic areas of the southwestern united states. significant hemoptysis requiring pulmonary resection may develop in patients with cavitary lesions. in rare instances hemoptysis may be due to the development of a fungus ball within the cavity, and such mycetomas may contain spherule and mycelial forms of coccidioides immitis. a patient with a documented coccidioidal cavity who had hemoptysis is described in this report. chest r ... | 1977 | 904353 |
| [study of the conditions for protease formation by coccidioides immitis]. | the authors determined conditions for c. immitis protease synthesis during growing on various nutrient media. four to five weeks could serve as the optimal period of protease formation. of six nutrient media tested saburo's medium, containing peptone, proved to be the most favourable for the enzyme production. | 1977 | 919947 |
| spherulin skin testing and histoplasmal and coccidioidal serology: lack of effect. | this study demonstrated that the administration of a spherulin skin test to subjects whose skin-test reactions were either positive or negative, at the dose used (usual test strength), did not elicit an antibody response to antigens of coccidioides immitis or histoplasma capsulatum, as determined by standard serologic methods. of 32 subjects, one developed a seroconversion by the latex agglutination test. the data suggested that spherulin can be used clinically as a diagnostic reagent without af ... | 1977 | 931185 |
| coccidoidouria: clinical significance. | twelve patients had urine cultures positive for coccidioides immitis. ten patients showed the usual criteria for dissemination, but 2 were believed, before urine culture, to have only chronic pulmonary involvement. in 8 patients, there was impairment of host defense mechanisms due either to associated disease or immunosuppressive drug therapy. only 2 of 11 patients tested reacted to coccidioidin skin-test antigen. colony counts of c. immitis in the first voided morning urine spacimens ranged fro ... | 1976 | 937921 |
| a cytological study of morphogenesis in coccidioides immitis. | coccidioides immitis is still classified as a deuteromycete because the perfect stage is unknown. mating experiments have been unsuccessful. some investigators consider the endosporulating spherule to be a sporangium with sporangiospores, but others describe it as an ascus. the development of a reproducible method for cultivation of the spherule-endospore cycle in vitro provided an opportunity to study cytological changes occuring throughout the arthrospore-hyphae-arthrospore cycle and the arthr ... | 1976 | 959944 |
| coccidioidal pericarditis. | a 26-year-old man developed coccidioidomycosis which resulted in myocarditis associated with congestive heart failure. a pericardial effusion developed and progressed to constrictive pericarditis. a pericardiectomy was performed and revealed that the pericarditis was due to coccidioides immitis. the patient was subsequently treated with amphotericin b and showed marked improvement. | 1976 | 975990 |
| [imported pulmonary coccidiodomycosis apropos of an anatomo-clinical study]. | the case is reported of a 41-year-old arizona woman who, during a european tour, consulted a lausanne (switzerland) physician to whom she reported poor general health and, in particular, localized pains in the right thorax. although the clinical condition appeared normal, radiology of the thorax revealed a round, hollow shadow in the right lung. since tuberculosis seemed the most likely diagnosis, the patient underwent antibacillary treatment. three months later the lesion appeared to have incre ... | 1976 | 996487 |
| [preparation and study of a paracoccidioides antigen needed for skin tests]. | a cellular antigen from paracoccidioides brasiliensis, obtained from the supernate of the disrupted yeast phase, was studied. it was prepared by a method similar to that for obtaining the spherulin from coccidioides immitis. this antigen is composed of 55 mug/mg of polysaccharides, determined by the phenol method, and 7-8 mug/mg of protein, determined by folin-ciocalteu's technique. in vitro tests of antigenicity were done by immunodiffusion and complement fixation. the optimum dilution of the a ... | 1976 | 996691 |
| r34000, a dioxolane imidazole in the therapy for experimental coccidioidomycosis. comparison with miconazole and econazole. | comparisons were made on the therapeutic influence of three imidazole drugs in experimental lethal coccidioidomycosis of mice. when administered by the intramuscular route, miconazole and a closely related structural analogue, econazole, were effective in preventing death, restricting fungal replication in the lungs, and minimizing the extent of extrapulmonary dissemination. neither drug was as effective when administered by the oral route as by the intramuscular route. this contrasted sharply w ... | 1976 | 1001052 |
| susceptibility of coccidioides immitis, candida albicans, and cryptococcus neoformans to amphotericin b, flucytosine, and clotrimazole. | toxicity and failure of treatment with amphotericin b are stimuli for researchers to evaluate alternative antifungal antimicrobics. also, data from susceptibility tests of coccidioides immitis are sparse. with use of a defined, synthetic culture medium, c. immitis (25 strains). candida albicans (21 strains), and cryptococcus neoformans (21 strains) were tested against flucytosine, clotrimazole, and amphotericin b. molecule for molecule, the sequency of activity was: clotrimazole greater than amp ... | 1975 | 1099147 |
| coccidioidomycosis in compromised hosts. experience at stanford university hospital. | to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of infection with coccidioides immitis in immunosuppressed patients at stanford university hospital, clinical records of 14 years were examined. thirteen cases met the diagnostic criteria. half had hodgkin's disease. in six the infection was disseminated; five of the six died early in the course of their infectious illness, frequently without diagnosis. conclusions include: 1. the occurrence of coccidioidomycosis in immunosuppressed patient ... | 1975 | 1099399 |
| detection of fungi in clinical specimens by phase-contrast microscopy. | during 1973 and 1974, the following fungi were detected in clinical specimens by using phase-contrast microscopy: blastomyces dermatitidis, 5; coccidioides immitis, 3; cryptococcus neoformans, 11; other yeasts 918; dermatophytes, 863; mucor species, 1; and aspergillus fumigatus, 16. this technique allows rapid detection and, in many instances, immediate identification of fungi in clinical specimens. | 1975 | 1100675 |
| skin test and blastogenic responses to sporotrichun schenckii. | in vivo skin testing and in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis were evaluated in a young adult population as methods for detecting cellular immunity to sporotrichum schenckii. similar procedures for candida albicans and coccidioides immitis were also investigated. 5 of 143 subjects had positive skin tests and 14 had positive blastogenic responses to s. schenckii. these 14 subjects also exhibited unusually high responses to c. albicans in vitro and 11 of the 14 were female. data demonstrated a correl ... | 1976 | 1107353 |
| delayed hypersensitivity to fungal antigens in mice. i. use of the intradermal skin and footpad swelling tests as assays of active and passive sensitization. | mice were sensitized to coccidioides immitis and candida albicans antigens and tested for sensitivity by the intradermal and footpad swelling methods. in mice actively sensitized with killed antigen, antigen-specific intradermal and footpad induration responses occurred 24 and 48 hr after sensitization. antigen-specific intradermal and footpad responses were transferred to normal mice with spleen cells from immune animals. such responses were also transferred with normal spleen cells that had be ... | 1976 | 1107436 |
| coccidioidin and merthiolate in previously sensitized animals. | the effect of merthiolate, which is used as a preservative in skin test materials, on skin test reactions was determined in guinea pigs. in four groups of animals, merthiolate in basal medium produced skin tests at 24 and 48 h characterized by erythema and/or induration in an intermediate region, i.e., 5 plus or minus 2.2 mm. one of the four groups of animals was a nonsensitized control group. the other three groups were subcutaneously sensitized with (i) merthiolate and saline, (ii) killed cocc ... | 1975 | 1116875 |
| spherulin and coccidioidin: cross-reactions in dermal sensitivity to histoplasmin and paracoccidioidin. | until recently coccidioidin has been the only antigenic preparation available for detecting delayed dermal sensitivity induced by an experience with coccidioides immitis. it is prepared from autolysates of the mycelial phase (saprophytic) of the fungus. a more sensitive reagent, spherulin, was developed in 1969 from the spherule phase (parasitic) of the organism. use of spherulin showed that coccidioidin failed to detect approximately 30% of individuals specifically sensitive to c. immitis. howe ... | 1975 | 1155429 |
| the present status of vaccination against coccidioidomycosis in man. | vaccines of killed whole cells of coccidioides immitis have been injected intramuscularly in 97 human subjects to determine the safety and tolerable dose of vaccine and certain immunologic responses. seventy-eight individuals received the whole killed spherule preparation; 18 received killed mycelial vaccine. the maximum tolerable dose of spherule vaccine was approximately 5 mg. systemic effects were slight though in two prior coccidioidin reactors a moderate febrile illness and sbustantial anti ... | 1975 | 1155435 |
| sensitivity of some human pathogenic yeasts and systemic fungi to myxin. | myxin, a relatively new antibacterial and antifungal antibiotic, produced by a species of sorangium, was used to investigate its effectiveness against some yeasts and dimorphic fungi associated with human diseases. results indicated that the minimal fungicidal concentrations (mfc) of myxin for candida albicans, c. krusei, c. parapsilosis, c. tropicalis, and torulopsis glabrata were 0.39-6.25 mug/ml, and for c. guilliermondii and c. tropicalis 12.5-25 mug/ml. the mfc for blastomyces dermatitidis ... | 1975 | 1171116 |
| morphogenic effects of ramihyphin a in filamentous fungi. | ramihyphin a at subfungistatic concentrations stimulates ramification of hyphae of filamentous fungi. stimulation of terminal ramification of hyphae that can be observed particularly in phytopathogenic fungi is most frequent. hyphae of microsporon canis, trichophyton mentagrophytes, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis and histoplasma capsulatum ramify intensively laterally. stimulation of the lateral ramification was observed in monilia fructigena, penicillium marneffei and penicilliu ... | 1975 | 1176042 |
| the first two cases of coccidioidomycosis in finland. | endemic areas of coccidioidomycosis are described. the mycology of coccidioides immitis is reviewed, with special reference to the risk of laboratory infection. a classification of coccidioidomycosis is listed and two cases from finland are presented. the first patient had typical x-ray and clinical findings, including a positive coccidioidin test. the second case, occurring soon after a visit to arizona, was confirmed by positive fungal cultures from the sputum and from a resected specimen. bec ... | 1975 | 1180131 |
| miconazole in coccidioidomycosis. i. assays of activity in mice and in vitro. | administration of miconazole to mice infected with coccidioides immitis prevented death in all cases; the infecting doses killed 60%-100% of the untreated animals. the drug's anticoccidioidal influence was also demonstrated by its capacity to limit fungal proliferation in the lungs. the endospore phase of c. immitis, which predominates in lesions, was more susceptible to miconazole than were the saprophytic arthrospore and mycelial phases. the drug was lethal to endospores in vitro in the presen ... | 1975 | 1185010 |
| coccidioides immitis. a rare cause of pulmonary mycetoma. | coccidioides immitis occurring as a fungus ball within a chronic pulmonary cavity has previously been reported twice and must be rare. we report a mycetoma composed of both spherule and mycelial forms of coccidioides immitis, proved by culture and histologic sections. fungus ball due to coccidioides immitis is a logical progression from mycelia seen in the cavity wall in the active pulmonary coccidioidal lung cavity. | 1975 | 1190622 |
| delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to a cell wall fraction of the mycelial phase of coccidioides immitis. | a skin test-active fraction was isolated from the mycelial-phase cell walls of coccidioides immitis. this alkali-soluble, water-soluble antigen (c-asws) elicited positive reactions in 22 of 24 (92%) of the coccidioides-sensitized guinea pigs whereas only 14 (54%) of the same guinea pigs reacted to commercial coccidioidin (biocox). none of the 21 histoplasma-sensitized guinea pigs cross-reacted with the c-asws antigen. footpad tests in mice actively infected with coccidioides further established ... | 1975 | 1193725 |
| rapid in vitro conversion and identification of coccidioides immitis. | since many contaminating nonpathogenic fungi resemble coccidioides immitis culturally, isolates from patients must be inoculated into laboratory animals to confirem identification as c. immitis. this procedure is time-consuming, expensive, and not generally available in clinical laboratories. when cultures of c. immitis were grown in slide cultures on modified converse liquid medium in purified agar and incubated at 40 c in a candle jar, all 57 isolates demonstrated inhibition of mycelial growth ... | 1976 | 1254717 |
| in vitro hemolysis of autologous erythrocytes caused by immune murine spleen cells and spherules of the fungus coccidioides immitis. | this communication describes an in vitro system wherein mouse erythrocytes are lysed in the presence of spherules of the fungus coccidioides immitis and spleen cells from syngeneic mice immunized with a variety of antigens. the antigens include: tobacco mosaic virus in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), cfa alone, separate components of cfa, sheep erythrocytes, and allogeneic tumor. spleen cells from mice sublethally infected with c. immitis are also capable of participating in this response. the ... | 1976 | 1254972 |
| effect of amphotericin b and rifampin against coccidioides immitis in vitro and in vivo. | amphotericin b, the principal drug used for treating systemic mycoses, possesses undesirable toxic properties. the ability of this antibiotic to potentiate antifungal activity of other compounds suggests that lower doses of amphotericin b could be used in combination with a second drug without loss of therapeutic efficacy. in vitro tests demonstrated that amphotericin b potentiated rifampin against the mycelial growth phase of coccidioides immitis but not against the spherule-endospore phase. th ... | 1976 | 1259400 |
| coccidioidomycosis in llamas in the united states: 19 cases (1981-1989). | coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed in 19 llamas (california, 9; arizona, 10). all but 1 had a disseminated form, with pyogranulomas principally in the lungs, thoracic lymph nodes, liver, and kidneys. however, lesions were found in tissue specimens from most organ systems. antemortem diagnosis was based on radiographic evaluation of the lungs, serologic testing, or presence of spherules of coccidioides immitis in pyogranuloma aspirates, skin scrapings, or biopsy specimens. animals residing in endem ... | 1992 | 1289346 |
| interaction of azoles with rifampin, phenytoin, and carbamazepine: in vitro and clinical observations. | twelve patients receiving therapy with an azole agent (ketoconazole, itraconazole, and/or fluconazole) for systemic mycoses experienced drug interactions with rifampin, phenytoin, and/or carbamazepine resulting in substantial decreases in azole concentrations in serum. all four patients receiving azoles and concurrent phenytoin and/or carbamazepine failed to respond to treatment or suffered a relapse of their fungal infection. four of five patients with cryptococcosis who received itraconazole a ... | 1992 | 1315160 |
| a prospective study of the polymerase chain reaction for detection of herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid submitted to the clinical virology laboratory. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was prospectively performed with cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from 51 patients whose csf was available for analysis and was submitted for viral culture and/or herpes simplex virus (hsv) serology and 20 patients whose csf was submitted exclusively to the clinical biochemistry laboratory. primers were used that flanked a 92 bp segment of the hsv dna polymerase gene (35 cycles). amplified products were electrophoresed on agarose gel, blotted onto nylon membrane, and pro ... | 1992 | 1335547 |
| [biochemical regulations in the dimorphism and virulence of pathogenic fungi for humans]. | some biochemical mechanisms involved in the processes of virulence and dimorphism in fungi pathogenic for humans are reviewed. among them, the participation of sulphydryl and disulfide groups, hormone receptors and intra- and extracellular proteinases in histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis and coccidioides immitis. | 1992 | 1338937 |
| occurrence of keratinolytic fungi and related dermatophytes in soils in cairo, egypt. | 120 soil samples collected from various sites of cairo were processed for the isolation of keratinophilic fungi by "tokava" hair baiting technique. 22 species belonging to 6 genera were isolated viz.: chrysosporium tropicum, c. indicum, c. keratinophilum, c. queenslandicum, c. merdarium, c. anamorph of arthroderma curreyi, c. pannicola, c. lobatum, c. anamorph of renispora flavissima, c. pseudomerdarium, microascus mangini, malbranchea gypsea, ml. state of uncicarpus reesii, ml. state of coccidi ... | 1992 | 1380752 |
| immunohistologic diagnosis of systemic mycoses: an update. | fluorescent antibody, immunoperoxidase and gold-silver staining methods for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of systemic mycotic infections are currently performed in a few specialized laboratories. these methods have proved applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, and are reliable for identifying therein antigens of infectious dimorphic, monomorphic filamentous, and yeast-like fungal pathogens, i.e., aspergillus spp., blastomyces dermatitidis, candida spp., coccidioides immitis, ... | 1992 | 1397200 |