| use of green fluorescent protein to quantify the growth of colletotrichum during infection of tobacco. | to develop a quantitative assay of fungal growth inside plant tissues, strains of colletotrichum destructivum and colletotrichum orbiculare were transformed with a modified green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene fused with a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter from aspergillus nidulans. transformants expressed gfp in culture and had the same growth rate and general appearance as the wild type. gfp was observed in all fungal structures during infection of leaves of nicotiana benthamia ... | 2003 | 12609730 |
| isolation and antifungal and antioomycete activities of aerugine produced by pseudomonas fluorescens strain mm-b16. | the bacterial strain mm-b16, which showed strong antifungal and antioomycete activity against some plant pathogens, was isolated from a mountain forest soil in korea. based on the physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis, the bacterial strain mm-b16 was identical to pseudomonas fluorescens. an antibiotic active against colletotrichum orbiculare and phytophthora capsici in vitro and in vivo was isolated from the culture filtrates of p. fluorescens stra ... | 2003 | 12676678 |
| isolation and in vitro and in vivo activity against phytophthora capsici and colletotrichum orbiculare of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid from pseudomonas aeruginosa strain gc-b26. | the bacterial strain gc-b26, which showed strong antifungal and anti-oomycete activity against some plant pathogens, was isolated from a grassland soil in korea. based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, gc-b26 was identical to pseudomonas aeruginosa (schroeter) migula. the antibiotic g26a, active against phytophthora capsici leonian and colletotrichum orbiculare (berk & mont) van arx, was isolated from the culture filtrates of ps aeruginosa strain gc-b26 using vario ... | 2003 | 12916768 |
| antifungal activity of beta-asarone from rhizomes of acorus gramineus. | an antifungal substance was isolated from the extract of acorus gramineus using various chromatographic procedures. the antibiotic was identified as beta-asarone, cis-2,4,5-trimethoxy-1-propenylbenzene, on the basis of the high-resolution ei-mass, nmr, and uv spectral data. beta-asarone completely inhibited mycelial growth of some plant pathogenic fungi, cladosporium cucumerinum,colletotrichum orbiculare, magnaporthe grisea, and pythium ultimum, in a range of 0.5-30 microg/ml. the growth of baci ... | 2004 | 14969530 |
| induction of glutathione s-transferase genes of nicotiana benthamiana following infection by colletotrichum destructivum and c. orbiculare and involvement of one in resistance. | four glutathione s-transferase (gst) genes, nbgstu1, nbgstu2, nbgstu3, and nbgstf1, were amplified from cdna of nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected with colletotrichum destructivum using primers based on conserved regions of n. tabacum gst sequences. expression of nbgstu1 and nbgstu3 increased progressively during infection by either c. destructivum or colletotrichum orbiculare, except for a slight decrease by nbgstu1 late in the infection, whereas nbgstu2 and nbgstf1 expression remained relat ... | 2005 | 15837710 |
| isolation and antifungal activity of kakuol, a propiophenone derivative from asarum sieboldii rhizome. | an antifungal substance active against colletotrichum orbiculare (berk & mont) arx was isolated from the methanol extracts of asarum sieboldii (miq) maek rhizomes. high-resolution ms, nmr and uv spectral data confirmed that the antifungal substance is kakuol, 2-hydroxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone. colletotrichum orbiculare was most sensitive to kakuol, with mic of 10 microg ml(-1). kakuol also completely inhibited the mycelial growth of botrytis cinerea pers ex fr and cladosporium cucumerinu ... | 2005 | 15846774 |
| isolation and antifungal activity of 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid from streptomyces koyangensis strain vk-a60. | an antifungal compound was isolated from the culture broth of streptomyces koyangensis strain vk-a60 using various chromatographic procedures. on the basis of the high-resolution ei-mass and 1h and 13c nmr data, the compound was identified as 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid. colletotrichum orbiculare, magnaporthe grisea, and pythium ultimum were most sensitive to 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid. strong inhibitory effects of 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid also were found against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. car ... | 2005 | 16190619 |
| isolation and antifungal and antioomycete activities of staurosporine from streptomyces roseoflavus strain ls-a24. | the actinomycete strain ls-a24 active against some plant fungal and oomycete pathogens was isolated from a soil sample of the sunghwan lake in korea. the cell wall composition and spore shape of strain ls-a24 were ll-diaminopimelic acid and spiral type, respectively. on the basis of the physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis, strain ls-a24 was identical to streptomyces roseoflavus. an antifungal and antioomycete antibiotic was isolated from ls-a24 u ... | 2006 | 16608228 |
| observations on the sexual stage of colletotrichum orbiculare. | an isolate of the fungus colletotrichum orbiculare (syn. c. lagenarium) race 1 that forms perithecia in culture was isolated from edible gourd in north carolina. this isolate has been identified as a species of glomerella. the isolate produces very few ascopores when selfed; however, ascospores are produced in abundance when mated with certain other isolates of c. orbiculare. | 1961 | 17777093 |
| mapk signaling regulates nitric oxide and nadph oxidase-dependent oxidative bursts in nicotiana benthamiana. | nitric oxide (no) and reactive oxygen species (ros) act as signals in innate immunity in plants. the radical burst is induced by inf1 elicitin, produced by the oomycete pathogen phytophthora infestans. no associated1 (noa1) and nadph oxidase participate in the radical burst. here, we show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades mek2-sipk/ntf4 and mek1-ntf6 participate in the regulation of the radical burst. no generation was induced by conditional activation of sipk/ntf4, but not b ... | 2008 | 18515503 |
| rhizobacterial exopolysaccharides elicit induced resistance on cucumber. | the role of exopolysaccharides (epss) from a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, burkholderia gladioli in26, on elicitation of induced systemic resistance was investigated. a purified eps induced expression of pr- 1a::gus on tobacco and elicited induced resistance against colletotrichum orbiculare on cucumber. the maximum level of disease protection was noted when seeds were soaked in 200 ppm of the eps. our results indicate that eps from specific rhizobacteria can elicit induced resistance a ... | 2008 | 18600053 |
| mixtures of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance biological control of multiple cucumber pathogens. | abstract plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) strains inr7 (bacillus pumilus), gb03 (bacillus subtilis), and me1 (curtobacterium flaccumfaciens) were tested singly and in combinations for biological control against multiple cucumber pathogens. investigations under greenhouse conditions were conducted with three cucumber pathogens-colletotrichum orbiculare (causing anthracnose), pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (causing angular leaf spot), and erwinia tracheiphila(causing cucurbit wilt ... | 1998 | 18944848 |
| the colletotrichum orbiculare ssd1 mutant enhances nicotiana benthamiana basal resistance by activating a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | plant basal resistance is activated by virulent pathogens in susceptible host plants. a colletotrichum orbiculare fungal mutant defective in the ssd1 gene, which regulates cell wall composition, is restricted by host basal resistance responses. here, we identified the nicotiana benthamiana signaling pathway involved in basal resistance by silencing the defense-related genes required for restricting the growth of the c. orbiculare mutant. only silencing of map kinase kinase2 or of both salicylic ... | 2009 | 19706796 |
| l-alanine augments rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance in cucumber. | bacillus vallismortis strain extn-1 is a proven biotic elicitor of systemic resistance in many crops against various pathogens. l: -alanine (ala) was tested in cucumber as a chemical elicitor of induced systemic resistance (isr) against colletotrichum orbiculare. in the greenhouse, both ala and extn-1 induced significant levels of disease suppression in cucumber against anthracnose. when cucumber plants were treated with extn-1 and ala together, augmentative disease suppression was observed. exp ... | 2009 | 19826919 |
| the functions of steryl glycosides come to those who wait: recent advances in plants, fungi, bacteria and animals. | the attachment of a sugar moiety to the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol drastically increases the size of the hydrophilic part of the lipid. it is obvious that the glycosylation of a considerable fraction of membrane-bound free sterols alters the biophysical properties of the membrane. however, the consequences of such changes in the proportions of free sterols and steryl glycosides on the biological functions of a membrane are still unclear. this is the main hurdle in understanding the biological f ... | 2010 | 20138912 |
| entry mode-dependent function of an indole glucosinolate pathway in arabidopsis for nonhost resistance against anthracnose pathogens. | when faced with nonadapted fungal pathogens, arabidopsis thaliana mounts nonhost resistance responses, which typically result in the termination of early pathogenesis steps. we report that nonadapted anthracnose fungi engage two alternative entry modes during pathogenesis on leaves: turgor-mediated invasion beneath melanized appressoria, and a previously undiscovered hyphal tip-based entry (hte) that is independent of appressorium formation. the frequency of hte is positively regulated by carboh ... | 2010 | 20605856 |
| [isolation and identification of an endophytic fungus of polygonatum cyrtonema and its antifungal metabolites]. | endophytic fungi in medicinal plants produce a variety of bioactivity compounds. in this study, an endophytic fungus zjqy610 with antifungal activity was isolated from polygonatum cyrtonema in zhejiang qingyuan baishanzu mountain nature reserve. | 2010 | 20931871 |
| a yeast ste11 homologue comekk1 is essential for pathogenesis-related morphogenesis in colletotrichum orbiculare. | several signal transduction pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways, are involved in appressorium development in colletotrichum orbiculare, the causal agent of cucumber anthracnose disease. in this study, comekk1, a yeast mapk kinases (mapkk) kinase ste11 homolog, was identified as a disrupted gene in an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation mutant. the phenotype of comekk1 disruptant was similar to that of cmk1, a saccharomyces cerevisiae fus3/kss1 mapk ... | 2010 | 21039273 |
| the role of a putative peroxisomal-targeted epoxide hydrolase of nicotiana benthamiana in interactions with colletotrichum destructivum, c. orbiculare or pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. | motif analysis among 30 eh1 and eh2 epoxide hydrolases from solanaceaeous plants showed differences primarily in the lid region around the catalytic site. based on in silico models of 3d structures, eh1 proteins lack a catalytic triad because of the orientation of one of the conserved lid tyrosines, while the orientation of that tyrosine in eh2 proteins fomed a catalytic triad inside a hydrophobic tunnel. two similar eh2 protein genes from nicotiana benthamiana, nbeh2.1 and nbeh2.2, have a predi ... | 2011 | 21683883 |
| synthesis, structure and antifungal activity of new 3-[(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]benzo[d]thiazol-2(3h)-ones. | a series of new 3-[(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methy])benzo[d]thiazol-2(3h)-ones were synthesized by reaction of (5-substituted-2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-yl)-acetohydrazide with various aromatic acids in pocl(3) under reflux conditions. the structures of the title compounds were confirmed by 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, ir, ms and elemental analysis. furthermore, the structure of compound 4i was determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. the preliminary bioassy results indicated that some of them showed m ... | 2012 | 22258343 |
| phosphorylation of the nicotiana benthamiana wrky8 transcription factor by mapk functions in the defense response. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades have pivotal roles in plant innate immunity. however, downstream signaling of plant defense-related mapks is not well understood. here, we provide evidence that the nicotiana benthamiana wrky8 transcription factor is a physiological substrate of sipk, ntf4, and wipk. clustered pro-directed ser residues (sp cluster), which are conserved in group i wrky proteins, in the n-terminal region of wrky8 were phosphorylated by these mapks in vitro. antiphos ... | 2011 | 21386030 |
| disease control effect of strevertenes produced by streptomyces psammoticus against tomato fusarium wilt. | during screening of microorganisms producing antifungal metabolites, streptomyces psammoticus strain kp1404 was isolated. the culture extract of this strain showed potent disease control efficacy against fusarium wilt on tomato plants. the antifungal metabolites st-1 and st-2 were isolated from the culture extract using a variety of chromatographic procedures. on the basis of ms and nmr spectrometric analysis, the structures of the antifungal active compounds st-1 and st-2 were determined to be ... | 2011 | 21314121 |
| autophagy-related lipase fgatg15 of fusarium graminearum is important for lipid turnover and plant infection. | autophagy is a non-selective degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells that is conserved from yeasts to humans. autophagy is involved in the virulence of several pathogenic fungi such as magnaporthe grisea or colletotrichum orbiculare. in the current study, we identified and disrupted an autophagy-like lipase fgatg15 in fusarium graminearum. we showed that fgatg15 exhibits lipase activity when heterologously expressed in p. pastoris. we used a gene deletion approach to characterize the function of ... | 2010 | 21094265 |
| a key enzyme for flavin synthesis is required for nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production in disease resistance. | nitric oxide (no) and reactive oxygen species (ros) play key roles in plant immunity. however, the regulatory mechanisms of the production of these radicals are not fully understood. hypersensitive response (hr) cell death requires the simultaneous and balanced production of no and ros. in this study we indentified nbribaencoding a bifunctional enzyme, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase ii/3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase, which participates in the biosynthesis of flavin, by scre ... | 2010 | 20230506 |
| peroxisome biogenesis factor pex13 is required for appressorium-mediated plant infection by the anthracnose fungus colletotrichum orbiculare. | peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles of eukaryotic cells that fulfill a variety of biochemical functions, including beta-oxidation of fatty acids. here, we report that an ortholog of the saccharomyces cerevisiae peroxisome biogenesis gene pex13 is required for pathogenicity of colletotrichum orbiculare. copex13 was identified by screening random insertional mutants for deficiency in fatty acid utilization. targeted knockout mutants of copex13 were unable to utilize fatty acids as a carbon sourc ... | 2010 | 20192831 |
| a kelch repeat protein, cokel1p, associates with microtubules and is involved in appressorium development in colletotrichum orbiculare. | kelch repeat proteins are conserved in diverse organisms and some are known to mediate fundamental cellular functions. we isolated the gene cokel1, encoding a novel kelch repeat protein, from colletotrichum orbiculare. analysis of a cokel1 mutant indicated that cokel1 is involved in proper appressorium development and cell wall synthesis. appressoria produced by cokel1 disruption mutants showed irregular shape and impairment of turgor generation and the mutant appressoria rarely penetrated to fo ... | 2010 | 19958143 |
| atg26-mediated pexophagy and fungal phytopathogenicity. | colletotrichum orbiculare is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes disease on cucumber plants. a homologue of atg26 (coatg26) was identified as the gene involved in pathogenesis. the peroxisomes are degraded via pexophagy during formation of an infection structure called the appressorium of c. orbiculare. the coatg26 mutant developed appressoria but exhibited a specific defect in the subsequent host invasion step. importantly, the autophagic degradation of peroxisomes was significantly delayed i ... | 2009 | 19597345 |
| synthesis, antifungal activities, and potential detoxification of n-(2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)thiocarbamates. | a series of n-(2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)thiocarbamates were synthesized by the reaction of glucosyl isothiocyanates with monohydric and dihydric alcohols, and acetone oxime, using methods of both normal reaction and microwave-assisted synthesis. antifungal activities of the title compounds were determined with three kinds of plant pathogenic fungi, fusarium graminearum, rhizoctoria cerealis, and colletotrichum orbiculare. the synthesized glucosyl thiocarbamates easily reacted ... | 2009 | 19524218 |
| atg26-mediated pexophagy is required for host invasion by the plant pathogenic fungus colletotrichum orbiculare. | the number of peroxisomes in a cell can change rapidly in response to changing environmental and physiological conditions. pexophagy, a type of selective autophagy, is involved in peroxisome degradation, but its physiological role remains to be clarified. here, we report that cells of the cucumber anthracnose fungus colletotrichum orbiculare undergo peroxisome degradation as they infect host plants. we performed a random insertional mutagenesis screen to identify genes involved in cucumber patho ... | 2009 | 19363139 |
| compost and compost water extract-induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumber and arabidopsis. | abstract a biocontrol agent-fortified compost mix, suppressive to several diseases caused by soilborne plant pathogens, induced systemic acquired resistance (sar) in cucumber against anthracnose caused by colletotrichum orbiculare and in arabidopsis against bacterial speck caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola kd4326. a peat mix conducive to soilborne diseases did not induce sar. the population size of p. syringae pv. maculicola kd4326 was significantly lower in leaves of arabidopsis pla ... | 1998 | 18944926 |
| comparison of colletotrichum orbiculare and several allied colletotrichum spp. for mtdna rflps, intron rflp and sequence variation, vegetative compatibility, and host specificity. | abstract based on spore morphology, appressorium development, sequence similarities of the rdna, and similarities in amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (aflp), it has been proposed that colletotrichum orbiculare, c. trifolii, c. lindemuthianum, and c. malvarum represent a single phylogenetic species, c. orbiculare. in the current study, the phylogenetic relationship among isolates in the c. orbiculare species complex was reassessed. in all, 72 isolates of c. orbiculare from culti ... | 2007 | 18943689 |
| antifungal activity of salaceyin a against colletotrichum orbiculare and phytophthora capsici. | the antifungal activities of novel salicylic acid derivatives, salaceyin a, 6-(9-methyldecyl) salicylic acid, and salaceyin b, 6-(9-methylundecyl) salicylic acid were evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi. salaceyin a showed antifungal activity against cladosporium cucumerinum, colletotrichum orbiculare and phytophthora capsici at 64 microg ml(-1) while salaceyin b was less effective. in vitro antifungal activities of the compounds were influenced by the experimental ph value of the mic test ... | 2007 | 17647212 |
| silencing an acc oxidase gene affects the susceptible host response of nicotiana benthamiana to infection by colletotrichum orbiculare. | an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) oxidase, nbaco1, was cloned from cdna of nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected with the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, colletotrichum orbiculare. expression of nbaco1 increased approximately 3-fold by 24 h after inoculation and then continued to increase reaching a maximum that was 6-folds greater than that in healthy plants by 96 h after inoculation. a portion of nbaco1 was cloned into a pvx vector for virus-induced gene silencing, and the silenci ... | 2006 | 16397784 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas. | a series of 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas (2) have been synthesized in a six-step, three-pot reaction sequence from readily available cyclododecanone, cycloheptanone, and cyclohexanone. their structures were confirmed by ir, 1h nmr, and elemental analysis. the bioassay indicated that some of them possess certain fungicidal activity against gibberella zeae petch. in general, compounds containing a 12-membered ring (2a) are more active than those containing a 6- or 7-membered ring (2b, 2c). in the ... | 2005 | 15769157 |
| isolation and anti-oomycete activity of nyasol from anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizomes. | the methanol extract of anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizomes exhibited strong antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi magnaphothe grisea, rhizoctonia solani, and the plant pathogenic oomycete phytophthora capsici. the antifungal substance isolated from the rhizomes of a. asphodeloides was identified to be nyasol, (z)-1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene by nmr and mass spectral analysis. nyasol effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of colletotrichum orbiculare, p. capsici, py ... | 2003 | 14561517 |
| biochemical analysis of plant protection afforded by a nonpathogenic endophytic mutant of colletotrichum magna | a nonpathogenic mutant of colletotrichum magna (path-1) was previously shown to protect watermelon (citrullus lanatus) and cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings from anthracnose disease elicited by wild-type c. magna. disease protection was observed in stems of path-1-colonized cucurbits but not in cotyledons, indicating that path-1 conferred tissue-specific and/or localized protection. plant biochemical indicators of a localized and systemic (peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, lignin, and ... | 1999 | 9952476 |
| design, synthesis, biological activities, and 3d-qsar of new n,n'-diacylhydrazines containing 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propane moiety. | a series of new n,n'-diacylhydrazine derivatives were synthesized efficiently under microwave irradiation. their structures were characterized by (1) h nmr, ms, and elemental analysis. various biological activities of these compounds were tested. most of them exhibited higher herbicidal activities against dicotyledonous weeds than monocotyledonous weeds. in addition, favorable in vivo fungicidal activities were also found of these compounds against cladosporium cucumerinum, corynespora cassiicol ... | 2011 | 21816005 |