| complete amino acid sequence of an immunomodulatory protein, ling zhi-8 (lz-8). an immunomodulator from a fungus, ganoderma lucidium, having similarity to immunoglobulin variable regions. | the complete amino acid sequence of a novel immunomodulatory protein, ling zhi-8 (lz-8), isolated from a fungus, ganoderma lucidium (kino, k., yamashita, a., yamaoka, k., watanabe, j., tanaka, s., ko, k., shimizu, k., and tsunoo, h. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 472-478), was determined by protein sequencing. the polypeptide consists of 110 amino acid residues with an acetylated amino end and has a molecular mass of 12,420 da including an amino-end blocking group. there is no attachment site for an ... | 1989 | 2570780 |
| hypoglycemic actions of some heteroglycans of ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. | | 1989 | 2813573 |
| the biologically active constituents of ganoderma lucidum (fr.) karst. histamine release-inhibitory triterpenes. | | 1985 | 2412714 |
| antitumor activity of sarcodon aspratus (berk.) s. ito and ganoderma lucidum (fr.) karst. | antitumor activity of sarcodon aspratus (berk.) s. ito and ganoderma lucidum (fr.) karst. was investigated. methanol and aqueous extracts of these japanese mushrooms were tested for antitumor activity against solid type of sarcoma 180 by intraperitoneal or oral administration. the aqueous extract was remarkably effective for inhibition of tumor growth, but the methanol extract was not. the fraction of molecular weight more than 10000 had a high inhibitory activity against the tumor growth, but t ... | 1989 | 2746451 |
| experimental and clinical studies on inhibitory effect of ganoderma lucidum on platelet aggregation. | in this study we observed the inhibitory effect of chinese herbal medicine ganoderma lucidum (gl) on platelet aggregation in 15 healthy volunteers and 33 patients with atherosclerotic diseases. the results showed that the first and the second phase of aggregation of platelets of the healthy volunteers were obviously inhibited (p less than 0.01) when watery soluble extract of gl of different concentrations was added to the platelets in vitro, i. e., the reaction speed of platelet aggregation was ... | 1990 | 2098581 |
| [anti-atherosclerotic properties of higher mushrooms (a clinico-experimental investigation)]. | antiatherosclerotic properties of water and alcoholic extracts of 20 types of high-species mushrooms were investigated by evaluation of intracellular cholesterol accumulation and 3h-thymidine inclusion into the cells of the human aortal intima in culture. the influence of a single intake of some mushroom species on antiatherosclerotic properties of the human sera was studied. it has been shown that ganoderma lucidum and lentinus edodes possess pronounced antiatherosclerotic properties. | 1989 | 2718411 |
| [effect of six edible plants on the development of afb1-induced gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive hepatocyte foci in rats]. | six edible plants, green tea (gt), black tea (bt), lentinus edodes (berk) sing (le), hericium erinaceus (bull. ex fr.) pers. (he), mixture of ganoderma lucidum (ley ss ex fr.) karst et ganoderma japanium (fr.) lloyd (mglj) and mung bean (mb), were tested for the effect on the development of afb1-induced gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase positive hepatocyte foci (gamma-gt foci) using an in vivo short-term test model in rats. the rats received intraperitoneally 12 doses of initiator afb1, 400 microgram ... | 1987 | 2443327 |
| basidiospore extracts: evidence for common antigenic/allergenic determinants. | spore extracts, prepared from armillariella tabescens, pleurotus ostreatus, coprinus quadrifidus, amanita muscaria, ganoderma lucidum, psilocybe cubensis, pisolithus tinctorius, scleroderma sp. and calvatia cyathiformis, were examined for antigenic/allergenic relationships by ouchterlony and radioallergosorbent testing (rast) inhibition, respectively. ouchterlony, using hyperimmunized rabbit sera, demonstrated a high degree of cross-antigenicity among the extracts tested; however, some unique an ... | 1988 | 2448249 |
| novel cytotoxic principles of formosan ganoderma lucidum. | two new steryl esters, ergosta-7,22-dien-3 beta-yl linoleate [1] and 5 alpha,8 alpha-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3 beta-yl linoleate [3], and a novel steroid, ergosta-7,22-diene- 3 beta,3 alpha,9 alpha-triol [5], have been isolated from the fruiting bodies of formosan ganoderma lucidum and characterized. a new lanostanoid, 3 beta-hydroxy-26-oxo-5 alpha-lanosta- 8,24-dien-11-one, and the new steroid exhibited potent inhibition of kb cells and human plc/prf/5 cells in vitro. | 1991 | 1791484 |
| radioprotective effect of ganoderma lucidum (leyss. ex. fr.) karst after x-ray irradiation in mice. | six to seven week old male mice of icr strain were exposed to 500 or 650 cgy of x-ray during experiments to determine if ganoderma lucidum could be a factor in modification of radiation damage. continuous intraperitoneal injection of the extract from ganoderma lucidum before or after irradiation of 500 and 650 cgy of x-ray was found to improve the 30-day survival fractions of icr mice, but wasn't significant by statistical analysis. the administration also enhanced the recoveries of the body wei ... | 1990 | 2239816 |
| [studies on the triterpenoid constituents of the spores from ganoderma lucidum karst]. | five compounds were isolated from the ether soluble fraction of the spores of ganoderma lucidum. on the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data (ms, uv, ir, 1h and 13cnmr), they were identified as 3,7,11,12,15,23-hexaoxo-5 alpha-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid (i), 3 beta,7 beta-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-5 alpha-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid (ii), 7 beta-hydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxo-5 alpha-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid (iii), 3,7,11,15,23-pentaoxo-5 alpha-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid (iv), 24,25,26-trih ... | 1991 | 1957672 |
| [in vitro cytotoxicity of ganoderma lucidum on oral cancer cells]. | the extract from the mycelium of ganoderma lucidum was diluted into serial concentrations and added into in vitro cultured oral cancer and normal cell lines. after incubation for 24 hours, the survival fraction was determined by mtt colorimetric assay. the result revealed that the id50 was about 3mg/ml and the total lethal dosage was beyond 4 mg/ml. this toxic effect was the same in both cancer and normal cells. not only was there no difference between cancer and normal cells, but also the high ... | 1991 | 1653094 |
| the effect of ganoderma lucidum on induction of differentiation in leukemic u937 cells. | ganoderma (g.) lucidum is a herbal medicine with tumoricidal activity capable of inhibiting the proliferation of mouse sarcoma 180 cells both in vitro and in vivo. in this study, we investigated the effect of the polysaccharide fraction of g. lucidum (ps-g) on the proliferation and differentiation of human monocytic leukemia cell line, u937. using an in vitro liquid culture system, we found that the conditioned medium from ps-g-stimulated human blood mononuclear cells (psg-mnc-cm) contained an a ... | 1992 | 1503411 |
| some pharmacological actions of the spores of ganoderma lucidum and the mycelium of guanoderma capense (lloyd) teng cultivated by submerged fermentation. | | 1979 | 114375 |
| [some pharmacological actions of ganoderma lucidum and g. japonicum (fr) llyod on mouse liver (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 506728 |
| immunomodulator, lz-8, prevents antibody production in mice. | lz-8, a new and recently discovered immunomodulator from ganoderma lucidum, has been shown to have immunosuppressive activity in vivo and to be a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. in this paper we examined the in vivo effect of lz-8 on antibody production using the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag) in mice. lz-8 had mitogenic activity in vitro towards spleen cells of c57bl/10 (b10) and c57bl/10br (b10br) as previously shown towards those of dba/2 mice. b10 and b10br mice produced anti ... | 1991 | 1814848 |
| [application of 2d nmr techniques in the structure determination of ganosporelactone a and b]. | structure and stereochemistry of ganosporelactone a and b isolated from the spores of ganoderma lucidum have been elucidated by the use of 1h-1h cosy, 1h-13c cosy, 1h-13c coloc and noesy 2d nmr spectroscopy. ganosporelactone a and b are two novel pentacyclic triterpenoids which may be biogenetically derived from lanostane skeleton through the construction of c16 and c23 bond. | 1991 | 1789109 |
| [chemical studies on immunologically active polysaccharides of ganoderma lucidum(leyss. ex fr.) karst]. | bn3b, the polysaccharide component of the fruit of ganoderma lucidum, has been shown to have immune activity. from bn3b four homogeneous polysaccharides were separated and purified. chemical studies on the main components bn3b1 and bn3b3 indicated that bm3b1 contained only glucose and should be a glucan containing beta-(1----6) and (1----3)glycoside bonds and that bn3b3 was an arabinogalactan containing beta-(1----6) and (1----3)glycoside bonds. | 1992 | 1418551 |
| mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of ganoderan b: a glycan of ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. | ganoderan b increased the plasma insulin level in normal and glucose-loaded mice but elicited no effect on insulin binding to isolated adipocytes. administration of ganoderan b elicited significant increases of the activities of hepatic glucokinase, phosphofructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, decreased the hepatic glucose-6-phosphate and glycogen synthetase activities and did not affect the activities of hexokinase and glycogen phosphorylase. ganoderan b reduced the glycogen conte ... | 1989 | 2682700 |
| study of the action of ganoderma lucidum on scavenging hydroxyl radicals from plasma. | | 1985 | 2993758 |
| ganoderic acid and its derivatives as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. | oxygenated lanosterol derivatives, which were isolated from ganoderma lucidum (polyporaceae) or their derivatives obtained by chemical conversion, were tested for their effect on cholesterol biosynthesis from 24,25-dihydrolanosterol by rat hepatic subcellular 10,000 x g supernatant fraction. the sterol (vi, 40 microm) with 7-oxo and 15 alpha-hydroxy groups potently inhibited the synthesis of cholesterol from [24,25-3h]-24,25-dihydrolanosterol (18 microm). | 1989 | 2743504 |
| separation of oxygenated triterpenoids from ganoderma lucidum by high-performance liquid chromatography. | | 1987 | 3429550 |
| isolation and characterization of a new immunomodulatory protein, ling zhi-8 (lz-8), from ganoderma lucidium. | a novel protein with mitogenic activity in vitro and immunomodulating activity in vivo has been isolated from the mycelial extract of an oriental medicinal fungus, ling zhi (ganoderma lucidium). this protein was named ling zhi-8 (lz-8) and its biochemical and immunological properties are described. lz-8 was purified by two chromatographic systems, gel filtration and followed by ion-exchange, using an in vitro bioassay measuring blast-formation stimulatory activity toward mouse spleen lymphocytes ... | 1989 | 2909532 |
| the lack of antiplatelet effect of crude extracts from ganoderma lucidum on hiv-positive hemophiliacs. | effects of the extracts from ganoderm lucidum (gl-p) to influence immune status of the hemophiliacs with positive hiv antibody and reversed helper/suppressor t-lymphocyte ratio were studied. since the extracts from g. lucidum have been reported to contain high levels of adenosine, the untoward antiplatelet effect of the extracts on hemophiliacs were highly concerned. five patients of hemophilia a voluntarily received the extracts which has been analyzed to contain 150 mg of adenosine in 100 gm o ... | 1990 | 2270852 |
| [studies on ganoderma lucidum. vi. anti-allergic effect. (1)]. | | 1986 | 2877078 |
| cardiovascular effects of mycelium extract of ganoderma lucidum: inhibition of sympathetic outflow as a mechanism of its hypotensive action. | in an effort to understand the mechanism of cardiovascular actions of ganoderma lucidum which was cultivated in korea, the mycelium was isolated for a large-scale culture. water extract of the mycelia was evaluated for its cardiovascular activity in anesthetized rabbits and rats. the left femoral artery and vein were cannulated for the measurement of arterial pressure and subsequent delivery of drugs. the left kidney was exposed retroperitoneally and a branch of the renal nerve was used to integ ... | 1990 | 2393962 |
| three new lanostanoids from ganoderma lucidum. | three new lanostanoids--ganodermenonol (1), ganodermadiol (2), and ganodermatriol (3) [isolated as its triacetate derivative (3a)]--were isolated from the meoh extract of ganoderma lucidum, together with ergosterol and its peroxide. the new compounds were identified as 26-hydroxy-5 alpha-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3-one (1), 5 alpha-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3 beta, 26-diol (2), and 5 alpha-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3 beta, 26,27-triol (3) by their respective spectral data. | 1986 | 3783158 |
| [studies on ganoderma lucidum. vii. anti-allergic effect. (2)]. | | 1986 | 3772731 |
| isolation and hypoglycemic activity of ganoderans a and b, glycans of ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. | | 1985 | 3840903 |
| [studies on ganoderma lucidum. i. efficacy against hypertension and side effects]. | | 1985 | 4093855 |
| angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitory triterpenes from ganoderma lucidum. | | 1986 | 3021351 |
| [nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of terpenoid constituents and their derivatives of ganoderma lucidum]. | | 1985 | 3869716 |
| molecular cloning of a cdna and a gene encoding an immunomodulatory protein, ling zhi-8, from a fungus, ganoderma lucidum. | a large amount of the novel immunomodulatory protein ling zhi-8 (lz-8) is synthesized in the mycelia of ganoderma lucidum (kino, k., yamashita, a., yamaoka, k., watanabe, j., tanaka, s., ko, k., shimizu, k., and tsunoo, h. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 472-478). a cdna and a gene for lz-8 were isolated and characterized. the mixed oligonucleotide probes for lz-8 cdna were designed from the results of protein sequencing (tanaka, s., ko, k., kino, k., tsuchiya, k., yamashita, a., murasugi, a., sakuma ... | 1991 | 1990000 |
| trial of a new medium-term model using benzo(a)pyrene induced lung tumor in newborn mice. | a new medium-term in vivo model was tried using pulmonary adenoma induced by benzo(a)pyrene (bp) in newborn mice. both inbred mice such as c57bl/5j, c57br/cdj. a/j mice and non inbred n:gp(s) mice were used. benzo(a)pyrene was injected in the subscapular region of newborn mice within 24 hours after birth at a dose of 0.5 mg and 1 mg per mouse, respectively. after 9 weeks lung tumor induced in n:gp(s) and a/j mice but in the other mice. the dose showing a 50% tumor incidence was found in n:gp(s) ... | 1995 | 7645968 |
| [ganoderma lucidum. (4) effects on disseminated intravascular coagulation]. | | 1983 | 6663465 |
| some characteristics and partial purification of the ganoderma lucidum cellulase system. | the extracellular cellulase system of the white-rotting basidiomycete ganoderma lucidum was characterised while growing in cellulose-containing shaken liquid culture. the protein content of the culture filtrate reached its maximum after 36 days and cellulase activity at about 60 days. different cellulase activities (endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and beta-glucosidase) were determined in a range of ph extending from 6 to 2. all of the three enzyme activities have at least three peaks between ph ... | 1994 | 7921848 |
| the clinical effects of ganoderma lucidum spore preparations in 10 cases of atrophic myotonia. | | 1982 | 6765691 |
| alteration of pulse in human subjects by three chinese herbs. | human subjects were fed with extract of three chinese herbs, panax ginseng, panax quinquefolium roots and ganoderma lucidum. pulse of the radial artery was examined. our results indicate that each herb has a specific effect on the fourier components of the pulse, and is in agreement with traditional chinese medical descriptions. | 1994 | 7992821 |
| anti-allergic constituents in the culture medium of ganoderma lucidum. (ii). the inhibitory effect of cyclooctasulfur on histamine release. | for centuries, ganoderma lucidum has been used in oriental medicine for the treatment of chronic bronchitis. sequential fractions of the culture medium of this plant revealed that one of the active constituents was cyclooctasulfur. the latter effectively inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and impeded 45ca uptake into these cells without affecting the cyclic amp content. sds-page analysis indicated that cyclooctasulfur induced some changes in protein bands obtained from th ... | 1988 | 2455976 |
| studies on fungal polysaccharides. xxvii. structural examination of a water-soluble, antitumor polysaccharide of ganoderma lucidum. | | 1981 | 7340947 |
| anti-allergic constituents in the culture medium of ganoderma lucidum. (i). inhibitory effect of oleic acid on histamine release. | the chloroform extract from ganoderma lucidum broth markedly inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. from the active fractions, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were isolated. oleic acid dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release and 45ca uptake into mast cells induced by compound 48/80 and a-23187 at concentrations of 5 to 50 microm and 0.5 to 5 microm, respectively. saturated fatty acids, however, had only a weak inhibitory effect on histamine ... | 1988 | 2455975 |
| ling zhi-8: studies of a new immunomodulating agent. | ling zhi-8 (lz-8) is a protein derived from the fungus ganoderma lucidum and has immunomodulatory capacities. it was shown to be mitogenic toward mouse splenocytes in vitro and immunosuppressive in vivo by reducing antigen-induced antibody formation and by preventing completely the incidence of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. in this study, the mitogenic effects of lz-8 on human mononuclear cells are reported. in accordance to its mitogenic effect on mouse splenocytes, lz-8 proved ... | 1995 | 7676490 |
| ling zhi-8: a novel t cell mitogen induces cytokine production and upregulation of icam-1 expression. | ling zhi-8 (lz-8) is a protein purified from ganoderma lucidium, a chinese medicinal fungus thought to possess potent effects on the immune system. when examined for its effects on lymphocytes, lz-8 exhibited potent mitogenic effects on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl), inducing a bell-shaped dose-response curve similar to that caused by pha and other lectin mitogens. fractionation experiments indicated that the proliferative response in the pbl cultures was primarily due to t cells, but ... | 1993 | 8102083 |
| effects of the extracts of ganoderma lucidum on blood glucose level in rats. | | 1988 | 3222371 |
| dietary effect of ganoderma lucidum mushroom on blood pressure and lipid levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr). | | 1988 | 3236086 |
| [new techniques of cultivating ganoderma lucidum (w. curt.:fr)karst.,rev. with woodlog]. | imitating wild cultivation of ganoderma lucidum with short-woodlog is a method of cultivating artificial g. lucidum developed in recent years. the method can be applied to large scale production. this paper shows that section-inoculating and impregnating with steamed shortwoodlog indoors and soil-cover cultivating under large shed are important in the cultivation. | 1993 | 8216800 |
| isolation of laccase gene-specific sequences from white rot and brown rot fungi by pcr. | degenerate primers corresponding to the consensus sequences of the copper-binding regions in the n-terminal domains of known basidiomycete laccases were used to isolate laccase gene-specific sequences from strains representing nine genera of wood rot fungi. all except three gave the expected pcr product of about 200 bp. computer searches of the databases identified the sequence of each of the pcr products analyzed as a laccase gene sequence, suggesting the specificity of the primers. pcr product ... | 1996 | 8837429 |
| a lectin from mycelia of the fungus ganoderma lucidum. | a lectin (gll-m) was isolated from mycelia of ganoderma lucidum using affinity chromatography on bsm-toyopearl. gll-m is a monomer in its native form with a m(r) of 18,000. another lectin was also purified from fruiting bodies of the same fungus. the two lectins were partially compared with each other. | 1997 | 8983213 |
| differentiation and grouping of isolates of the ganoderma lucidum complex by random amplified polymorphic dna-pcr compared with grouping on the basis of internal transcribed spacer sequences. | laccate polypores of the ganoderma lucidum species complex are widespread white rot fungi of economic importance, but isolates cannot be identified by traditional taxonomic methods. parsimony analysis of nucleotide sequences from the internal transcribed spacers (its) of the ribosomal gene (rdna) distinguished six lineages in this species complex. each its lineage may represent one or more putative species. while some isolates have identical its sequences, all of them could be clearly differenti ... | 1996 | 8919797 |
| recent advances in studies on traditional chinese anti-aging materia medica. | presented in this paper is a report of our studies on 386 traditional effective anti-aging medications, the effects of which on cell generation, survival time, immunomodulation, improvement of visceral and metabolic functions, and anti-infection, and their trace element contents were further summarized and analysed. this suggests that the investigations of traditional anti-aging materia medica in china are now well under way and some effective drugs and compound prescriptions have been explored, ... | 1993 | 8246603 |
| effects of ganoderma lucidum and krestin on subset t-cell in spleen of gamma-irradiated mice. | effects of ganoderma lucidum (gl) and krestin (psk) extracts on spleen, thymus and splenocytes in gamma-irradiated mice were investigated in this study. icr strain male mice were divided into five groups. group a was the normal control. group b, the experimental control, was treated with gl. group c, the radiation treatment control, was treated with whole body exposure to 4 gy gamma-irradiation (rt). group d was treated with rt and gl. group e was treated with rt and psk. the dosage of gl was 40 ... | 1995 | 8571925 |
| evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and liver-protective effects of anoectochilus formosanus, ganoderma lucidum and gynostemma pentaphyllum in rats. | the pharmacological effects of anoectochilus formosanus, ganoderma lucidum and gynostemma pentaphyllum were studied against carrageenan-induced paw edema and cc1(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. the water extracts of g. pentaphyllum and g. lucidum were found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan induced edema. the administration of gynostemma pentaphyllum displayed an activity even more potent than indomethacin. in contrast, anoectochilus formosanus showed a del ... | 1993 | 8328423 |
| sensitization to ganoderma lucidum in patients with respiratory allergy in india. | although human sensitization to basidiomycete ganoderma has been reported in new zealand, north america and europe, hypersensitivity due to this fungi is not known in india, in spite of its prevalence in the atmosphere. we have studied the atmospheric concentration of ganoderma in different localities within delhi and the sensitization level to this fungi amongst the indian population. aerobiological sampling, using a burkard personal slide sampler, was carried out in delhi for 2 consecutive yea ... | 1995 | 7553247 |
| production of carpophores of lentinus edodes and ganoderma lucidum grown on cork residues. | cork, being widely used in industry, generates high amounts of waste of difficult elimination because of its complex biological degradation, and the high pollutant smokes from its burning. similarities between suberin (major component of cork) and lignin suggest that fungi with high lignin degrading capacity could colonize cork residues. basidiomycetes such as lentinus edodes and ganoderma lucidum, besides their capacity for degrading, are edible. thus, while using them to degrade cork, it is al ... | 1997 | 9253758 |
| suppressive effects of ganoderma lucidum on proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | the basidiocarps of ganoderma lucidum have been used for prevention and treatment of various diseases in the orient. methanolic extracts of this mushroom were applied to human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) culture systems in the presence of various immunostimulating or immunosuppressive agents. phytohemagglutinin-induced cell proliferation was reduced to 14% of that of the control by a gle fraction that is the neutral component of the methanolic extracts of the carpophores. 12-o-tetra ... | 1997 | 9085265 |
| isolation of an inhibitor of platelet aggregation from a fungus, ganoderma lucidum. | | 1985 | 4085058 |
| effects of ganoderma lucidum and krestin on cellular immunocompetence in gamma-ray-irradiated mice. | the effects of ganoderma lucidum (gl) and krestin (psk) extracts on cellular immunocompetence, leukocyte counts and differential count in gamma-irradiated mice were investigated in this study. icr strain male mice were used and randomly divided into five groups. group a is normal control. group b, the experimental control, was treated with gl. group c, the radiation treatment control, was treated with whole body exposure to 4 gy gamma-irradiation (rt). group d was treated with rt and gl. group e ... | 1995 | 7598094 |
| natural inhibitors for protein prenyltransferase. | farnesyl protein transferase (fpt) catalyzes the posttranslational farnesylation of the cysteine residue located in the carboxyl-terminal tetrapeptide of the ras oncoprotein. prenylation of this residue is essential for membrane association and cell transforming activities of ras. inhibitors of fpt have been demonstrated to inhibit ras-dependent cell transformation and thus represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human cancers (1). in the present study, the inhibitory pri ... | 1998 | 9619109 |
| an ergosterol peroxide, a natural product that selectively enhances the inhibitory effect of linoleic acid on dna polymerase beta. | as described previously (mizushina y., tanaka n., yagi h., kurosawa t., onoue m., seto h., horie t., aoyagi n., yamaoka m., matsukage a., yoshida s., and sakaguchi k., biochim. biophys. acta, 1308, 256-262, 1996), linoleic acid (la) inhibits the activities of mammalian dna polymerases. we found a natural product from a basidiomycete, ganoderma lucidum, that enhances this effect of la in a special manner. the structure was identified to be an ergosterol peroxide, 5,8-epidioxy-5alpha,8alpha-ergost ... | 1998 | 9635497 |
| a mushroom fruiting body-inducing substance inhibits activities of replicative dna polymerases. | we found and isolated two natural products in the extract from a basidiomycete, ganoderma lucidum, as eukaryotic dna polymerase inhibitors. the compounds were identified as cerebrosides, (4e,8e)-n-d-2'-hydroxypalmitoyl- 1-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine and (4e,8e)-n-d-2'-hydroxystearoyl-1-o-beta-d-glucopyranos yl-9-methyl- 4,8-sphingadienine and were found to be identical to the mushroom fruiting body-inducing substances (fis) reported. these cerebrosides selectively inhibit ... | 1998 | 9705823 |
| therapeutic effects of substances occurring in higher basidiomycetes mushrooms: a modern perspective. | this review highlights some of the recently isolated and identified substances of higher basidiomycetes mushrooms origin that express promising antitumor, immune modulating, cardiovascular and hypercholesterolemia, antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects. medicinal mushrooms have a long history of use in folk medicine. in particular, mushrooms useful against cancers of the stomach, esophagus, lungs, etc. are known in china, russia, japan, korea, as well as the u.s.a. and canada. ther ... | 1999 | 9987601 |
| antimicrobial activity of ganoderma lucidum extract alone and in combination with some antibiotics. | antimicrobial activity of gl (the aqueous extract from the carpophores of ganoderma lucidum (fr)karst) was tested in vitro against gram positive and gram negative bacteria by serial broth dilution method, and the antimicrobial activity was expressed by minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). among fifteen species of bacteria tested, the antimicrobial activity of gl was the most potent against micrococcus luteus (mic, 0.75 mg/ml). to investigate the effects of antimicrobial combinations of gl wit ... | 1994 | 10319155 |
| studies on protoplast fusion between lentinula edodes and ganoderma lucidum. | | 1994 | 10319167 |
| effect of ganoderma lucidum on postherpetic neuralgia. | administration of hot water soluble extracts of ganoderma lucidum (gi) (36 to 72 g dry weight/day) decreased pain dramatically in two patients with postherpetic neuralgia recalcitrant to standard therapy and two other patients with severe pain due to herpes zoster infection. | 1998 | 9862025 |
| anti-hiv-1 and anti-hiv-1-protease substances from ganoderma lucidum. | a new highly oxygenated triterpene named ganoderic acid alpha has been isolated from a methanol extract of the fruiting bodies of ganoderma lucidum together with twelve known compounds. the structures of the isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic means including 2d-nmr. ganoderiol f and ganodermanontriol were found to be active as anti-hiv-1 agents with an inhibitory concentration of 7.8 micrograms ml-1 for both, and ganoderic acid b, ganoderiol b, ganoderic acid c1, 3 beta-5 alpha- ... | 1998 | 9862140 |
| beta-glucuronidase-inhibitory activity and hepatoprotective effect of ganoderma lucidum. | to prove the relationship between the fluctuation in serum beta-glucuronidase level and hepatotoxicity, an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase from g. lucidum was isolated and its hepatoprotective activity was investigated. the ether fraction of g. lucidum, which had potent beta-glucuronidase-inhibitory activity, protected against ccl4-induced liver injury. from this ether fraction, ganoderenic acid a, was isolated as the potent inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase. it had a potent hepatoprotective effec ... | 1999 | 10077435 |
| in vitro chemopreventive effects of plant polysaccharides (aloe barbadensis miller, lentinus edodes, ganoderma lucidum and coriolus versicolor). | a plant polysaccharide, aloe gel extract, was reported to have an inhibitory effect on benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p)-dna adduct formation in vitro and in vivo. hence, chemopreventive effects of plant polysaccharides [aloe barbadensis miller (aps), lentinus edodes (lps), ganoderma lucidum (gps) and coriolus versicolor (cps)] were compared using in vitro short-term screening methods associated with both initiation and promotion processes in carcinogenesis. in b[a]p-dna adduct formation, aps (180 microgra ... | 1999 | 10426820 |
| basidiocarp and mycelium morphology of ganoderma lucidum karst. strains isolated in hungary. | morphological, anatomical and cultural characteristics of 14 ganoderma lucidum (fr.) karst strains isolated in hungary have been investigated. macroscopically the basidiocarps of the hungarian strains are absolutely identical with those of described previously about the ganoderma lucidum species-complex. microscopic features of the fruitbodies and basidiospores showed some differences from the typical g. lucidum species. pilocystidia, forming a homogeneous layer on the surface of the pileus, hav ... | 1999 | 10331067 |
| lucidenic acid o and lactone, new terpene inhibitors of eukaryotic dna polymerases from a basidiomycete, ganoderma lucidum. | terpenoids, 1, 2 and 3, which selectively inhibit eukaryotic dna polymerase activities, were isolated from the fruiting body of a basidiomycete, ganoderma lucidum, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. new terpenes, lucidenic acid o (1) and lucidenic lactone (2), prevented not only the activities of calf dna polymerase alpha and rat dna polymerase beta, but also these of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. cerevisterol (3), which was reported to b ... | 1999 | 10530954 |
| characterization of an alkali-extracted peptidoglycan from korean ganoderma lucidum. | the biologically active peptidoglycan was purified from the alkali fraction of the fruiting bodies of ganoderma lucidum and the composition of the peptidoglycan was investigated by conventional analyses. the alkali-extracted peptidoglycan showed differences in chemical compositions from the water-extracted. the alkali-extracted peptidoglycan contained 6.9% protein and 75.9% carbohydrates composed mainly of beta-glucose, mannose, and alpha-glucose. the molecular weight range of the peptidoglycan ... | 1999 | 10549581 |
| triterpene antioxidants from ganoderma lucidum. | ganoderma lucidum was studied for its antioxidative activity by bioassay guided isolation in conjunction with in vitro tests. the powdered crude drug was treated with boiling water and the aqueous extract (ex1) was further separated to obtain terpene and polysaccharide fractions. the two fractions and ex1 were screened for their antioxidative effect against pyrogallol induced erythrocyte membrane oxidation and fe (ii)-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation. all tested samples showed antioxidat ... | 1999 | 10479768 |
| [effect of japanese ganoderma lucidum on production of interleukin-2 from murine splenocytes]. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ganoderma lucidum (gl) planted in japan on the production of interleukin-2 (il-2) from murine splenocytes. it was observed that hydrocortisone (hc) 0.025-1 microgram /ml could significantly antagonize the inhibitory activity of hc and csa to increase the production of il-2 in vitro, p < 0.01. when the splenocytes pretreated with gl alone or in combination with hc, it was shown that pretreatment alone had no significant effect on il-2 produ ... | 1993 | 8312700 |
| antifibrotic effects of a polysaccharide extracted from ganoderma lucidum, glycyrrhizin, and pentoxifylline in rats with cirrhosis induced by biliary obstruction. | for the past few years, we have been investigating polysaccharides from ganoderma lucidum as antifibrotic agents. in a previous study, we discovered that polysaccharides extracted from g. iucidum lowered the collagen content in liver but had no effect on serum biochemical parameters in rats subjected to bile duct ligation and scission-induced fibrosis. in this study, we changed the extraction method and obtained polysaccharides extracted from g. iucidum. the polysaccharide from g. iucidum reduce ... | 1997 | 9145221 |
| the anti-tumor effect of ganoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and t lymphocytes. | the present study was to ascertain the immunomodulating and anti-tumor effects of ganoderma (g.) lucidum. polysaccharides (ps) from fresh fruiting bodies of g. lucidum (ps-g) were isolated and used to potentiate cytokine production by human monocytes-macrophages and t lymphocytes. our results had shown that the levels of interleukin (il)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)- alpha, and il-6 in macrophage cultures treated with ps-g (100 micrograms/ml) were 5.1-, 9.8- and 29-fold higher, respective ... | 1997 | 9096652 |
| antinociceptive components of ganoderma lucidum. | the antinociceptive effects 134 extracts prepared from 45 species of mushrooms were examined by the acetic acid-induced writhing method. from the ch2cl2 extract of ganoderma lucidum among the active extracts, ganoderic acids a, b, g and h and compound c6 were isolated as the antinociceptive components. | 1997 | 9225603 |
| differential effects of ganodermic acid s on the thromboxane a2-signaling pathways in human platelets. | ganodermic acid s (gas) [lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3beta,15alpha-diacetoxy-26-oic acid], isolated from the chinese medicinal fungus ganoderma lucidum (fr.) karst (polyporaceae), exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition on the response of human gel-filtered platelets (gfp) to u46619 (9,11-dideoxy-9alpha,11alpha-methanoepoxyprostaglandin f2alpha), a thromboxane (tx) a2 mimetic. gas at 2 microm inhibited 50% of cell aggregation. gas at 7.5 microm inhibited 80% of ca2+ mobilization, 40% of phosp ... | 1999 | 10413295 |
| radical scavenger and antihepatotoxic activity of ganoderma formosanum, ganoderma lucidum and ganoderma neo-japonicum. | the free radical scavenging and antihepatotoxic activity from ganoderma lucidum, ganoderma formosanum and ganoderma neo-japonicum were studied. treatment with the water extract of ganoderma lucidum, ganoderma formosanum and ganoderma neo-japonicum caused a marked decrease in the ccl4-induced toxicity in rat liver, made evident by their effect on the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (got) and lactic dehydrogenase (ldh) in the serum. the scavenging potency of the water extracts of the c ... | 1995 | 7564419 |
| antiherpetic activities of various protein bound polysaccharides isolated from ganoderma lucidum. | to investigate antiherpetic substances from ganoderma lucidum, various protein bound polysaccharides, glhw, glhw-01, glhw-02, glhw-03, were isolated by activity-guided isolation from water soluble substances of the carpophores. these substances were examined for their antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) by plaque reduction assay in vitro. among them, the acidic protein bound polysaccharide, glhw-02 of a brownish substance, exhibited the most potent ... | 1999 | 10624876 |
| antiviral activities of various water and methanol soluble substances isolated from ganoderma lucidum. | in order to find antiviral substances from basidiomycetes, two water soluble substances, glhw and gllw, and eight methanol soluble substances, glme-1-8, were prepared from carpophores of ganoderma lucidum. these substances were examined for their activities against five strains of pathogenic viruses such as herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), influenza a virus (flu a) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) indiana and new jersey strains in vitro. antiviral activities were evaluated ... | 1999 | 10624872 |
| ganoderma lucidum: partial characterization of spore and whole body antigenic extracts. | this study focused on the characterization of antigenic/ allergenic profiles of ganoderma lucidum spore and whole body preparations. whole body g. lucidum contained higher protein to carbohydrate ratio whereas it was less than one for spore extract. isoelectric focusing showed 12 and 11 bands in acidic ph range (pi 3.5-6.5) for g. lucidum spore and whole body, respectively, while sds-page showed 8 and 23 fractions, respectively, in molecular weight range of 12.8-75.0 kd. the prominent protein fr ... | 2000 | 10879995 |
| triterpenes from the spores of ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory activity against hiv-1 protease. | two new lanostane-type triterpenes, lucidumol a and ganoderic acid beta, were isolated from the spores of ganoderma (g.) lucidum, together with a new natural one and seven that were known. the structures of the new triterpenes were determined as (24s)-24,25-dihydroxylanost-8-ene-3,7-dione and 3 beta,7 beta-dihydroxy-11,15-dioxolanosta-8,24(e)-dien-26-oic acid, respectively, by chemical and spectroscopic means. the quantitative analyses of 5 fruiting bodies, antlered form and spores of g. lucidum ... | 1998 | 9810695 |
| anti-inflammatory triterpenoids from mysterious mushroom ganoderma lucidum and their potential possibility in modern medicine. | ganoderma lucidum, a mushroom long used in the east for a broad range of disorders, contains numerous pharmacologically active compounds. very important of them are highly oxygenated anti-inflammatory triterpenes, which are the aim of this mini-review. | 1999 | 10812678 |
| antiherpetic activities of acidic protein bound polysacchride isolated from ganoderma lucidum alone and in combinations with acyclovir and vidarabine. | to investigate antiherpetic activity, an acidic protein bound polysaccharide (apbp) was isolated from carpophores of ganoderma lucidum. this brownish apbp was isolated from water soluble substances of the carpophores by activity-guided isolation method. apbp was tested for its antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) by plaque reduction assay in tissue culture. apbp showed potent antiviral activity against hsv-1 and hsv-2 in vero cells at its 50% effectiv ... | 2000 | 10967475 |
| [study on certified reference material of germanium in ganoderma lucidum]. | analytical reference material of ge in ganoderma lucidum is designed and prepared for accurete analysis, monitoration and evaluation in trades of farming, forestry, medicine and food hygiene for ge. it is used in technical training, technical assessing, monitoring, data arbitrating and analytic method verifing for professional supervisors. this reference material has been certified by graphitic oven atomic absorption spectrometry, hydride spectrophotometry, polarography, chemical separation spec ... | 1998 | 10682605 |
| triterpenes from the spores of ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against meth-a and llc tumor cells. | six new highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenes, called ganoderic acid gamma (1), ganoderic acid delta (2), ganoderic acid epsilon (3), ganoderic acid zeta (4), ganoderic acid eta (5) and ganoderic acid theta (6), were isolated from the spores of ganoderma lucidum, together with known ganolucidic acid d (7) and ganoderic acid c2 (8). their structures of the new triterpenes were determined as (23s)-7beta,15alpha,23-trihydroxy-3,11-dioxolanosta-8, 24(e)-diene-26-oic acid (1), (23s)-7alpha,15a ... | 2000 | 10923835 |
| on the anti-inflammatory and anti-phospholipase a(2) activity of extracts from lanostane-rich species. | we have studied extracts from three species rich in lanostane triterpenes for their activity against different in vivo models of inflammation induced by tpa, epp and pla(2). the inhibitory effect against pla(2) in vitro was also studied. when the poria cocos extract was tested against pla(2)-induced mouse paw edema, it was active by the oral and parenteral routes. its effect was greater in both magnitude and duration than that of pistacia terebinthus and ganoderma lucidum extracts. p. terebinthu ... | 2000 | 11025140 |
| potentiation of ganodermic acid s on prostaglandin e(1)-induced cyclic amp elevation in human platelets. | ganodermic acid s (gas), isolated from the chinese medicinal fungus ganoderma lucidum (fr.) karst (polyporaceae), exhibits inhibitory effects on platelet responses to various aggregating agonists. our study demonstrated that gas also participated in potentiating the response of human gel-filtered platelets to prostaglandin (pg) e(1). gas at <20 microm did not show any significant change of basal cyclic amp level in gel-filtered platelets. however, gas potentiated the pge(1)-evoked cyclic amp lev ... | 2000 | 10946087 |
| [constituents from the fruiting body of ganoderma lucidum (fr.) karst]. | one compounds were isolated from the fruiting body of ganoderma lucidum. basis on chemical evidences and spectral analysis (ms, uv, ir, 1hnmr, 13cnmr), its structures were deduced as ergosta-7,22 e-dien-3-one. | 1997 | 11038948 |
| [chemical studies on peptidepolysaccharides of ganoderma lucidum (w. curt. fr.) karst]. | seven homogeneous peptidepolysaccharides have been obtained from the fruit-body of ganoderma lucidum. the main constituents are tglp-2, tglp-3, tglp-6 and tglp-7, whose molecular weights are 20.9 x 10(4), 4.5 x 10(4), 3.2 x 10(4) and 10 x 10(4) respectively. tglp-2 is a heteroglycan peptide, tglp-3 and tglp-6 are glycan peptides and tglp-7 is a galactan peptide. | 1997 | 11038917 |
| ganoderma extract activates map kinases and induces the neuronal differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma pc12 cells. | the pharmacology and clinical application of traditional chinese medicine has been extensively documented. we have used an in vitro model system, pc12 cells, to demonstrate the presence of neuroactive compounds in ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi). ganoderma extract induced the neuronal differentiation of pc12 cells and prevented nerve growth factor-dependent pc12 neurons from apoptosis. moreover, these effects of ganoderma might be mediated via the ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) and ... | 2000 | 11119721 |
| ganoderma lucidum extract protects dna from strand breakage caused by hydroxyl radical and uv irradiation. | the fruit bodies of ganoderma lucidum have been used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases in the orient. its antitumor and immune enhancing properties, along with no cytotoxicity, raise the possibility that it could be effective in preventing oxidative damage and resulting disease. using agarose gel electrophoresis, we have evaluated the potential of ganoderma lucidum extract as a radioprotector and antioxidant defense against oxygen radical-mediated damage. although the evidence ... | 1999 | 10425278 |
| solution properties of antitumor sulfated derivative of alpha-(1-->3)-d-glucan from ganoderma lucidum. | four fractions of a water-insoluble alpha-(1-->3)-d-glucan gl extracted from fruiting bodies of ganoderma lucidum were dissolved in 0.25 m licl/dmso, and then reacted with sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex at 80 degrees c to synthesize a series of water-soluble sulfated derivatives s-gl. the degree of substitution of ds was measured by using ir infrared spectra, elemental analysis, and 13c nmr to be 1.2-1.6 in the non-selective sulfation. weight-average molecular weight mw and intrinsic viscosity ... | 2000 | 11129591 |
| biology, life table and host specificity of the mushroom pest, brennandania lambi (acari: pygmephoroidea). | biology and life table parameters of brennandania lambi (krczal) were studied at different temperatures while feeding on white mushroom (agaricus bisporus) mycelium cultured on mushroom compost. the duration of egg and larva development, preoviposition and oviposition period, female longevity, and the time to 50% mortality declined as temperature increased from 16 to 28 degrees c. the threshold temperature of development (female) was 9 degrees c and the thermal constant for completion of develop ... | 2001 | 11523915 |
| role of herbal compounds (pc-spes) in hormone-refractory prostate cancer: two case reports. | herbal therapies are unconventional treatments that have been used for several different diseases. pc-spes is an herbal mixture, composed of eight different herbs (chrysanthemum, isatis, licorice, ganoderma lucidum, panax pseudo-ginseng, rabdosia rubescens, saw palmetto, and scutellaria), which has been used as an alternative in the treatment of prostate cancer. we report two cases of hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients, who showed a favorable response to therapy with this herbal combina ... | 2000 | 11059508 |
| lignin-modifying enzymes of the white rot basidiomycete ganoderma lucidum. | ganoderma lucidum, a white rot basidiomycete widely distributed worldwide, was studied for the production of the lignin-modifying enzymes laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp), and lignin peroxidase (lip). laccase levels observed in high-nitrogen (hn; 24 mm n) shaken cultures were much greater than those seen in low-nitrogen (2.4 mm n), malt extract, or wood-grown cultures and those reported for most other white rot fungi to date. laccase production was readily seen in cultures grown wit ... | 1999 | 10583981 |
| new lanostanoids from ganoderma lucidum that induce nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase in cultured hepalcic7 murine hepatoma cells. | two new lanostanoids were isolated from the basidiocarp of ganoderma lucidum and were identified as 26,27-dihydroxy-5 alpha-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,22-dione (1) and 26-hydroxy-5 alpha-lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,22-dione (2) by their respective spectral data. crude extracts and the isolated compounds were tested for their potential to induce nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase (qr), a phase 2 drug-metabolizing enzyme, as an approach to detect potential cancer chemopreventive activity. compound 2 ... | 2000 | 11105584 |
| structural and immunological studies of a major polysaccharide from spores of ganoderma lucidum (fr.) karst. | a polysaccharide isolated from spores of the fungus, ganoderma lucidum, was found to be a complex glucan. on the basis of compositional and methylation analyses, periodate oxidation, smith degradation, 1d and 2d nmr, and esims experiments of the native polysaccharide and its degraded products, the polysaccharide was shown to have a backbone of beta-(1-->3)-linked d-glucopyranosyl residues, with branches of mono-, di- and oligosaccharide side chains substituting at the c-6 of the glucosyl residue ... | 2001 | 11403089 |
| effect of fatty acids on the mycelial growth and polysaccharide formation by ganoderma lucidum in shake flask cultures. | fatty acids were added into the media to investigate their effects on the mycelial growth and polysaccharide formation by ganoderma lucidum. the experiments were carried out in freely suspended cultures or immobilized cultures using shake flasks. the results indicate that the extent of stimulation or inhibition were associated with the types and levels of fatty acids. oleic acid at the level of 0.15 g/100 ml led to a significant increase in cell concentration from 0.20 to 0.46 g/100 ml in a susp ... | 2000 | 10899556 |
| [assay of trace elements and heavy metals in different growth stages of ganoderma lucidum]. | the trace elements and heavy metals in the different growth stages of ganoderma lucidum were analyzed by icp-ms, afs and aas. the fermented mycelia, fruiting bodies and spore contained all kinds of detected trace elements and heavy metals, the contents of which were higher in spore. the content of se was same in different growth stages. ganoderma lucidum had the ability of bio-enrichment of ge. | 2001 | 11668733 |
| update from asia. asian studies on cancer chemoprevention. | in asia, nontoxic dietary products are considered desirable primary prevention vehicles for conquering cancer. as early as 1978, investigators in korea carried out extensive long-term anticarcinogenicity experiments using the mouse lung tumor model and observed an anticarcinogenic effect of panax ginseng c.a. meyer extract in 1980. the results showed that natural products can provide hope for human cancer prevention. a newly established nine-week medium-term model using mouse lung tumors (yun's ... | 1999 | 10668493 |