| a region of heterogeneity adjacent to the 5s ribosomal rna gene of cereal rusts. | total genomic dna was isolated from three cereal stem rusts, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, f. sp. secalis, f. sp. avenae, and two cereal leaf rusts, p. recondita f. sp. tritici and p. coronata f. sp. avenae, and analyzed for the presence of heterogeneity in the intergenic region of the ribosomal dna repeat unit. a 1 kb region of the repeat unit between the 26s and the 5s rrna genes (igr-1) was amplified by pcr and was found to be heterogeneous within each isolate and variable in size between ... | 1992 | 1339324 |
| polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and protein of wheat stem rust (puccinia graminis tritici) urediospores. | | 1965 | 4285941 |
| scanning electron microscopy of differentiating and non-differentiating uredosporelings of wheat stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) on an artifical substrate. | | 1974 | 4432232 |
| [acid phosphatase activity in relation to the intracellular penetration of the parasite puccinia graminis var. tritici into the clover cell]. | | 1974 | 4437580 |
| sulphur metabolism of puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici in axenic culture. | | 1973 | 4723073 |
| nonanal and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one: endogenous germination stimulators of uredospores of puccinia graminis var. tritici and other rusts. | | 1974 | 4855793 |
| [ultrastructural changes in wheat caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici]. | | 1971 | 4939290 |
| cytology of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici on an artificial medium. | | 1972 | 5029641 |
| [propionate metabolism in the host-parasite complex of puccinia graminis]. | | 1969 | 5362020 |
| interaction of genes for pathogenicity in puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and for resistance in a selection of triticum durum 'acme'. | | 1969 | 5377751 |
| [the metabolism of alanin, glycine and arginine in uredospores of puccinia graminis var. tritici during germination]. | | 1969 | 5383857 |
| [change in the activities of various enzymes in uredospores of puccinia graminis var. tritici during germination]. | | 1970 | 5506571 |
| [difference in the inactivation of hexokinase activity in wheat leaves following infection with puccinia graminis tritici]. | | 1967 | 5589504 |
| infection structures from rust urediospores: effect of rna and protein synthesis inhibitors. | urediospores of puccinia graminis tritici, floated on buffer, produce infection structures when subjected briefly to 30 degrees c soon after germination. inhibitors of rna synthesis interfere with the difierentiation of infection structures if present during this heat treatment. inhibitors of protein synthesis prevent differentiation if present following heat treatment. apparently infection structure formation is accompanied by synthesis of rna, and the completion of infection structure developm ... | 1969 | 5762400 |
| electrophoresis of the proteins from urediospores of puccinia graminis var. tritici erikss. et henn., physiologic races 21 and 111. | | 1966 | 5987041 |
| isolation and characterization of the ef-1 alpha gene of the filamentous fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. | a gene of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, coding for the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (ef-1 alpha), was isolated from a p. graminis genomic library using the ef-1 alpha gene sequence of absidia glauca. the coding region of 1389 nucleotides encodes a polypeptide of 463 amino acids and is interrupted by eight introns. an additional intron is located in the 5' untranslated region. a single transcription start point (tsp) was mapped by primer extension. a cdna fragment corresponding to p. ... | 1995 | 7614560 |
| molecular cloning and analysis of abundant and stage-specific mrnas from puccinia graminis. | to characterize highly expressed mrnas from germinated urediniospores of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, we isolated 68 cdna clones of abundant mrna species belonging to at least six homology groups. the two most abundant homology groups, hg1 and hg2, contained 54 of the 68 cdna clones and accounted for 2.4 and 0.6% of the poly(a)+ rna in germinated urediniospores, respectively. by sampling different developmental stages of the uredinial cycle, we showed that the uam transcript, corresponding ... | 1993 | 8439672 |
| high-gc primers are useful in rapd analysis of fungi. | for genetic analysis of fungal dnas, we have modified the rapd method to use primers with g + c contents of 80-100%. in rapd analysis of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici dnas, these primers generated twice the number of both amplification products per primer and polymorphisms among isolates as compared to the standard 60-70% g + c primers. with respect to segregation and genetic similarity, rapd markers generated by the high-gc primers behaved as do rapd markers produced by the standard primers. ... | 1995 | 8590486 |
| isolation and expression of a host response gene family encoding thaumatin-like proteins in incompatible oat-stem rust fungus interactions. | four cdna clones (corresponding to tlp-1, -2, -3, and -4 genes) encoding thaumatin-like (tl), pathogenesis-related proteins were isolated from oat (avena sativa) infected by an incompatible isolate pga-1h of the oat stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae). all four cdna clones contained an open reading frame predicted to encode a 169-amino acid polypeptide with a signal peptide of 21 amino acids at the n-terminus, suggesting that these proteins are transported through a secretory path ... | 1996 | 8755626 |
| transient transformation of the rust fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. | the biotrophic rust fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt) was transformed by particle bombardment. the promoter from the pgt translation elongation factor 1alpha (ef-1alpha) gene was fused to the bacterial marker genes hygromycin b phosphotransferase (hpt) and beta-glucuronidase (gus). transformation constructs were introduced into uredospores of pgt, an obligate pathogen of wheat, by biolistic bombardment. uredospores transformed with the construct containing the hpt gene germinated and ... | 2000 | 10660051 |
| confocal microscopy of fm4-64 as a tool for analysing endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae. | confocal microscopy of amphiphilic styryl dyes has been used to investigate endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae. hyphae were treated with fm4-64, fm1-43 or tma-dph, three of the most commonly used membrane-selective dyes reported as markers of endocytosis. all three dyes were rapidly internalized within hyphae. fm4-64 was found best for imaging the dynamic changes in size, morphology and position of the apical vesicle cluster within growing hyphal tips because of its stai ... | 2000 | 10849201 |
| sulpholipid reflects plant resistance to stress-factor action. | the results of studying the behaviour of sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (sqdg) during environmental-factor action are discussed. low-temperature action caused sqdg accumulation in 1-year-old shoot bark of resistant apple varieties, and was especially striking in the siberia apple, a variety of extreme hardiness. another unfavourable factor, high temperature, induced sqdg accumulation in leaves and chloroplasts of drought-resistant plants while in sensitive plants a decrease in its content took p ... | 2000 | 11171259 |
| [antifungal activity of aqueous extracts from the leaf of cowparsnip and comfrey]. | we found that extracts from the leaves of medicinal comfrey and cowparsnip strongly inhibit the germination of erysiphe graminis conidia and uredospores of puccinia graminis. spraying wheat seedlings with these extracts, in contrast to the irrigation of soil, markedly diminished infection in plants with powdery mildew. antifungal activity in vitro and protective activity (when plants were sprayed) correlated with the level of phenolic compounds in these extracts. experiments with healthy plants ... | 2001 | 11525124 |
| genetic and physical mapping of lrk10-like receptor kinase sequences in hexaploid oat (avena sativa l.). | oat receptor-like kinase gene sequences, homologous to the lrk10 gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.), were mapped in oat (avena sativa l.). pcr primers designed from the wheat lrk10 were used to produce alrk10 from oat. two dna sequences, alrk1a1 and alrk4a5, were produced from primers designed from coding and noncoding regions of alrk10. their use as rflp probes indicated that the kinase genes mapped to four loci on different hexaploid oat 'kanota' x 'ogle' linkage groups (4_12, 5, 6, and 13 ... | 2002 | 11908651 |
| localisation of genes for resistance against blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei and puccinia graminis in a cross between a barley cultivar and a wild barley (hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) line. | the aims of this investigation have been to map new (quantitative) resistance genes against powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei l., and leaf rust, caused by puccinia hordei l., in a cross between the barley ( hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) cultivar "vada" and the wild barley ( hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) line "1b-87" originating from israel. the population consisted of 121 recombinant inbred lines. resistance against leaf rust and powdery mildew was tested on detached le ... | 2003 | 12582863 |
| molecular genetic variability of australian isolates of five cereal rust pathogens. | rust fungi cause economically important diseases of cereals, and their ability to rapidly evolve new virulent races has hindered attempts to control them by genetic resistance. pcr-based molecular tools may assist in understanding the genetic structure of pathogen populations. the high multiplex dna fingerprinting techniques, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflp), selectively amplified microsatellites (sam) and sequence-specific amplification polymorphisms (s-sap) were assessed for thei ... | 2003 | 12884951 |
| cell-wall-splitting enzymes of puccinia graminis var. tritici. | | 1957 | 13460826 |
| [studies on germination physiology of black rust puccinia graminis tritici (pers.) erickss. and henn]. | | 1958 | 13534409 |
| [further data on the physiology of germination of puccinia graminis tritici (pers.) erickss. and henn. formation of "secondary spores" during inhibited germination course]. | | 1962 | 13896146 |
| fungilytic activity of a species of verticillium. | a species of verticillium arrested the growth of fungi by extracellular secretions on agar media. the lytic agent in the culture filtrates appeared to be thermolabile and was active in vitro on spores of puccinia graminis. the possibility that the lytic agent is an enzyme has been investigated and purification studies are in progress. | 1962 | 14463242 |
| formation of trehalose and polyols by wheat stem rust (puccinia graminis tritici) uredospores. | | 1962 | 14491321 |
| confocal microscopy of spitzenkörper dynamics during growth and differentiation of rust fungi. | the membrane-selective fluorescent dye fm4-64, n-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(6-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)hexatrienyl)pyridium dibromide, was used to stain the apical vesicle cluster within the specialized spitzenkörper of the germ tube of the rust fungi uromyces vignae and puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici grown on glass surfaces. the spitzenkörper stained within 15 min following addition of the dye. optical sectioning by confocal microscopy of stained hyphal tips showed that the spitzenkörper wa ... | 2003 | 14513311 |
| [isolation and characterization of two closely linked phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes from wheat]. | two closely linked, highly homologous phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) genes located in one phage clone, pal1 and pal2, were isolated from a wheat genomic library by using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fragment of a wheat pal gene as probe. the two pal genes were located approximately from 7 kb apart and displayed 93% identity with the same orientation. southern blot analysis with a pal1 specific fragment as probe showed the presence of a multiple gene family of pal in wheat. northern analy ... | 2003 | 14669506 |
| a new biotype of race 15 of puccinia graminis tritici. | | 1950 | 14773186 |
| sequence tagged microsatellites for the xgwm533 locus provide new diagnostic markers to select for the presence of stem rust resistance gene sr2 in bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). | the stem rust resistance gene sr2 has provided durable broad-spectrum, adult-plant resistance to the fungal pathogen puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici throughout wheat-growing regions of the world for more than 50 years. the ability to select for sr2 in wheat breeding programs was recently improved by the identification of a tightly linked microsatellite marker gwm533. this marker typically amplifies a 120-bp polymerase chain reaction fragment from wheat lines carrying sr2. in instances whe ... | 2004 | 15340687 |
| mutation to wider virulence in puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici: evidence for the existence of loci which allow the fungus to overcome several host stem rust resistance genes simultaneously. | mutants of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici were obtained which were able to overcome simultaneously several host stem rust resistance (sr) genes effective against the wild-type culture. these results suggest that, in addition to those psr loci which relate specifically to host sr genes in a "gene for gene" manner, one or more general loci may be present in this pathogen. the product(s) of these general genes may be necessary for the expression of various host sr genes. the evolution of a super ... | 1991 | 16348542 |
| an est library from puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici reveals genes potentially involved in fungal differentiation. | the rust fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is an obligately biotrophic pathogen on wheat plants and thus difficult to investigate. hence, little is known about this fungus at the molecular level. we constructed a differential suppression subtractive hybridization cdna-library from rust-infected vs. healthy wheat plants. the majority of expressed sequence tags (ests) showed similarities to fungal sequences. semiquantitative rt-pcr using mrna from rust-infected leaves, and from axenically gr ... | 2006 | 16499617 |
| properties of a volatile fraction from uredospores of puccinia graminis var. tritici affecting their germination and development. i. biological activity. | | 1957 | 16655016 |
| properties of a volatile fraction from uredospores of puccinia graminis var. tritici affecting their germinaton and development. ii. some physical and chemical properties. | | 1957 | 16655017 |
| effect of puccinia graminis tritici on organic acid content of wheat leaves. | | 1962 | 16655644 |
| carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during germination of uredospores of puccinia graminis tritici. | uredospores of puccinia graminis (pers.) tritici (eriks. and henn.) were uniformly labeled with (14)c by permitting the host (triticum aestivum l.) to carry out photosynthesis in (14)co(2) during the process of spore production by the obligate parasite. the use of (14)c labeled spores provided advantages in a study of the utilization of endogenous substrates at frequent intervals with small amounts of spores under conditions conducive to germination.because of previous uncertainties about the na ... | 1967 | 16656698 |
| subcellular localization and functions of the barley stem rust resistance receptor-like serine/threonine-specific protein kinase rpg1. | the rpg1 gene confers resistance to many pathotypes of the stem rust fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and has protected barley from serious disease losses for over 60 years. rpg1 encodes a constitutively expressed protein with two tandem kinase domains. fractionation by differential centrifugation and aqueous two-phase separation of the microsome proteins located rpg1 mainly in the cytosol but also in the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes. recombinant rpg1 autophosphorylates in ... | 2006 | 16648249 |
| the nature of cold-induced dormancy in urediospores of puccinia graminis tritici. | when air-dry urediospores of the wheat stem rust, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, are exposed to temperatures below freezing, their germinability is markedly reduced, even after prolonged thawing at room temperature. germinability is fully restored by a brief heat-shock or by vapor phase hydration. we have found that this "cold dormancy" cannot be reversed once the spores contact liquid water. enhanced loss of metabolites occurs immediately upon suspension of cold-dormant urediospores in liqui ... | 1971 | 16657610 |
| fine genetic mapping fails to dissociate durable stem rust resistance gene sr2 from pseudo-black chaff in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the broad-spectrum stem rust resistance gene sr2 has provided protection in wheat against puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici for over 80 years. the sr2 gene and an associated dark pigmentation trait, pseudo-black chaff (pbc), have previously been localized to the short arm of chromosome 3b. in a first step towards the positional-based cloning of sr2, we constructed a high-resolution map of this region. the wheat est (west) deletion bin mapping project provided tightly linked cdna markers. th ... | 2006 | 16311724 |
| transient expression and insertional mutagenesis of puccinia triticina using biolistics. | the fungal genus puccinia contains more than 4,000 species. puccinia triticina, causal agent of wheat leaf rust, is an economically significant, biotrophic basidiomycete. little is known about the molecular biology of this group, and tools for understanding gene function have not yet been established. a set of parameters was established for the transient transformation of urediniospores. the expression of three heterologous promoters (actin, elongation factor 1-alpha, and hss1, heat shock 70 pro ... | 2006 | 16284743 |
| molecular mapping of stem and leaf rust resistance in wheat. | stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici eriks and henn and leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina rob. ex desm. are major constraints to wheat production worldwide. in the present study, f(4)-derived ssd population, developed from a cross between australian cultivars 'schomburgk' and 'yarralinka', was used to identify molecular markers linked to rust resistance genes lr 3 a and sr 22. a total of 1,330 rapd and 100 issr primers and 33 ssr primer pairs selected ob the basis of chromos ... | 2005 | 16025305 |
| differences in the methyl ester distribution of homogalacturonans from near-isogenic wheat lines resistant and susceptible to the wheat stem rust fungus. | plants possess an efficient nonself surveillance system triggering induced disease resistance mechanisms upon molecular recognition of microbial invaders. successful pathogens have evolved strategies to evade or counteract these mechanisms, e.g., by the generation of suppressors. pectic fragments produced during host cell wall degradation can act as endogenous suppressors of the hypersensitive response in wheat leaves. we have isolated and characterized homogalacturonans from cell walls of two w ... | 2003 | 14558696 |
| extracellular beta-1,3-glucanases in stem rust-affected and abiotically stressed wheat leaves : immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme and detection of multiple forms in gels by activity staining with dye-labeled laminarin. | endo-beta-1,3-glucanase activity in intercellular washing fluid (iwf) from leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) increased 10-fold 4 days after leaves were infected with the wheat stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici), while exo-beta-1,3-glucanase activity remained unchanged at a low level. heat and ethylene stress had no effect, whereas mercury treatment resulted in a 2-fold increase in endo-beta-1,3-glucanase activity. with a new method of activity staining using laminarin-remazol b ... | 1990 | 16667843 |
| a novel gene for rust resistance. | the rpg1 gene, which has provided north american cultivars of barley with resistance to the stem rust fungus puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici for more than 60 years, has been cloned. a single copy of the gene can confer resistance to a susceptible barley variety. although unexplained, the progeny are consistently more resistant than the variety from which the gene was obtained. the gene might represent a new class of plant resistance genes. | 2003 | 12711224 |
| in vitro differentiation of haustorial mother cells of the wheat stem rust fungus, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, triggered by the synergistic action of chemical and physical signals. | biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi often develop a sophisticated series of infection structures for non-destructive host tissue penetration. in vitro, early infection structures of rust fungi-germ tube, appressorium, substomatal vesicle, infection hyphae-can easily be induced, but in vitro differentiation rates of late infection structures-haustorial mother cells (hmc), haustoria-are low at best. under appropriate conditions (humid atmosphere), a combination of physical (mild heat shock) and chem ... | 2003 | 12684021 |
| genetically engineered stem rust resistance in barley using the rpg1 gene. | the stem-rust-susceptible barley cv. golden promise was transformed by agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature zygotic embryos with the rpg1 genomic clone of cv. morex containing a 520-bp 5' promoter region, 4,919-bp gene region, and 547-bp 3' nontranscribed sequence. representatives of 42 transgenic barley lines obtained were characterized for their seedling infection response to pathotype pgt-mcc of the stem rust fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. golden promise was converted f ... | 2003 | 12509512 |
| breeding for disease resistance in the major cool-season turfgrasses. | over the past several decades, breeding cool-season turfgrasses for improved disease resistance has been the focus of many turfgrass breeding programs. this review article discusses the dramatic improvements made in breeding kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis) for resistance to leaf spot (caused by drechslera poae), stem rust (caused by puccinia graminis), and stripe smut (caused by ustilago striiformis); perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) for resistance to gray leaf spot (caused by pyricularia ... | 2006 | 17061916 |
| differential induction of lipoxygenase isoforms in wheat upon treatment with rust fungus elicitor, chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate. | a glycopeptide elicitor prepared from germ tubes of the rust fungus puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici erikss. & henn (pgt), as well as chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate (mj) stimulated lipoxygenase (lox) activity (e.c. 1.13.11.12) in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. immunoblot analysis using anti-lox antibodies revealed the induction of 92- and 103-kd lox species after pgt elicitor treatment. in contrast, mj treatment led to a significant increase of a 100-kd lox spec ... | 1997 | 12223735 |
| the barley stem rust-resistance gene rpg1 is a novel disease-resistance gene with homology to receptor kinases. | stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici was among the most devastating diseases of barley in the northern great plains of the u.s. and canada before the deployment of the stem rust-resistance gene rpg1 in 1942. since then, rpg1 has provided durable protection against stem rust losses in widely grown barley cultivars (cvs.). extensive efforts to clone rpg1 by synteny with rice provided excellent flanking markers but failed to yield the gene because it does not seem to exist in rice. ... | 2002 | 12077318 |
| resistance gene analogs within an introgressed chromosomal segment derived from triticum ventricosum that confers resistance to nematode and rust pathogens in wheat. | a resistance (r) gene-rich 2s chromosomal segment from triticum ventricosum contains a cereal cyst nematode (ccn; heterodera avenae) r gene locus crex and a closely linked group of genes (sr38, yr17, and lr37) that confer resistance to stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), stripe rust (p. striiformis f. sp. tritici), and leaf rust (p. recondita f. sp. tritici) when introgressed into wheat. the 2s chromosomal segment from t. ventricosum is further delineated in translocations onto chromos ... | 2000 | 10707359 |
| stem rust of wheat 3300 years old found in israel. | a fungus parasite observed on two ancient lemma fragments of wheat was identified as puccinia graminis. the fragments were found in a storage jar from the late bronze age excavated at tel batash, israel, uredia, hyphae, and germinating uredospores, though charred, were well preserved. | 1982 | 17809072 |
| concerning heterothallism in puccinia graminis. | | 1929 | 17840382 |
| stomatal penetration of wheat seedlings by stem and leaf rust: effect of light and carbon dioxide. | removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide enhanced penetration of seedling wheat by stem rust puccinia graminis in light and dark but did not materially affect penetration by leaf rust p. recondita. a concentration of 5 percent co(2) nearly suppressed penetration by p. graminis but not by p. recondita. thus light may promote penetration by p. graminis through photosynthetic reduction of co(2) within the leaf and p. recondita may penetrate independently of light because it is relatively insensitive t ... | 1963 | 17841568 |
| in situ detection of a fungal glycoprotein-elicitor in stem rust-infected susceptible and resistant wheat using immunogold electron microscopy. | immunoelectron microscopy (iem) was used to analyze the compatible and incompatible host-pathogen interaction between the obligate, biotroph stem rust (puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici; pgt) and primary leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the investigation was focused on the subcellular localization of a fungal elicitor glycoprotein of stem rust (pgt-elicitor). uredospores as well as fungal infection structures of stem rust on wheat leaves were probed with a specific monoclonal antibody, in o ... | 1998 | 9765056 |
| expression of beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in healthy, stem-rust-affected and elicitor-treated near-isogenic wheat lines showing sr5-or sr24-specified race-specific rust resistance. | pathogenesis-related expression of the two antifungal hydrolases beta-1,3-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.39) and chitinase (ec 3.2.1.14) was studied in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as part of the defence response to stem rust (puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, pgt), mediated by the semi-dominantly acting resistance genes sr5 and sr24. complete resistance (infection type 0), mediated by the sr5 gene in cultivar pre-sr5, closely correlates with the hypersensitive response of penetrated cells at early stage of ... | 1997 | 9084219 |
| [skin test with aeroallergens untested in mexico]. | this study was carried out to prove that some molds even not studied in mexico can be able to incit a positive skin test. we tested 43 adults (15-45 years old), 34 of them suffering respiratory allergy verified by roentgenography and laboratory tests including traditional intradermic allergic test. 9 subjects served as control group. we used manual scarification to ustilago maydis, rhodotorula rubra, puccinia graminis, cunhigamella sp and zyncephalastrum sp. our patients showed a positive skin t ... | 1995 | 8581450 |
| physical characteristics of the genome of the phytopathogenic fungus puccinia graminis. | the physical characteristics of the genome of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the wheat stem rust fungus, were determined by reassociation kinetics. the results indicate that the haploid genome contains 67 mb and consists of three classes of dna sequences: (1) 64% unique; (2) 30% repetitive; and (3) 4% foldback. the repetitive sequences have a total complexity of 390 kb and are repeated an average of 52 times. the base composition was 45.3% g+c based on an analysis of the dna melting temperatu ... | 1993 | 8358836 |
| rflp markers linked to the durable stem rust resistance gene rpg1 in barley. | the gene, rpg1, conferring stable resistance in barley to the wheat stem rust pathogen (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) was mapped using two doubled haploid populations. rpg1 mapped to the extreme subteleomeric region of barley chromosome 1p 0.3 and 1.1 cm proximal from the molecular markers abg704 and plastocyanin (plc), respectively, and 2.2 cm distal from mwg036b. the closest marker, abg704, was sequenced and pcr-based markers were developed. | 1994 | 7912120 |
| changes in the composition of free amino acids and sugars of leaf sheath and culm of wheat during uredospore and teleutospore formation of puccinia graminis tritici. | there were altogether fourteen amino acids in leaf sheath and culm of wheat infected with puccinia graminis tritici, especially in and around uredial and telial pustules. valine, tyrosine, and proline, due to their exclusive presence in uredial pustules on leaf sheath and culm of wheat, were involved in the eruption of uredospores of p. graminis tritici. glutamic acid and dl-threonine were, however, involved in a different manner during uredospore differentiation; their amounts diminishesd paral ... | 1980 | 7424230 |
| growth responses of race 222 of puccinia graminis tritici in defined media. | aseptically produced uredospores of race 222 of puccinia graminis tritici were seeded on defined liquid media containing czapek's minerals, sucrose or glucose, and various combinations and concentrations of 19 amino acids and a tripeptide, glutathione. the cultures were incubated in the dark at 16--17 degrees c. a medium containing a high concentration of aspartic acid (5988 ppm), cysteine (557 ppm), and glutathione (1014 ppm) supported a profuse growth of the fungus in the form of floating whit ... | 1982 | 7104873 |
| effect of sudden fluctuations of temperature on sporulation of puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici. | six races of puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici were grown on detached leaves of agra local wheat and rs 6 barley. on both hosts each race grew and sporulated better when kept at one set of temperature conditions (25 degrees c for 24 hrs + 15 degrees c for 48 hrs + 20 degrees c for 20 days) than at another (25 degrees c for 24 hrs + 15 degrees c for 20 days). | 1983 | 6669164 |
| a rapid method for detecting and quantifying bacterial dna in rust fungal dna samples. | bacterial dna contamination of rust fungal dna can be a significant problem for sequencing the rust fungus. sequence assembly is much more difficult if the sequence contigs are mixed with bacterial sequence. a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay was developed to quantify bacterial dna within rust fungal dna samples and the results were compared with those obtained from traditional cfu counts. real-time pcr showed higher values of dna contamination than cfu. however, the ... | 2008 | 18943246 |
| secretion of chitinase by aphanocladium album, a hyperparasite of wheat rust. | aphanocladium album, a hyperparasite of wheat rust, puccinia graminis var. tritici, secretes chitinase when grown on a chitin-containing medium. this enzyme was purified and shown to attack the mycelium of the parasitized rust fungus. | 1985 | 4076411 |
| detection of an elicitor on infection structures of puccinia graminis using monoclonal antibodies. | the basidiomycetous fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici causes the stem rust disease of wheat. resistance of wheat to the fungus is often associated with the hypersensitive reaction of infected host cells. a glycoprotein isolated from germ tube cell walls of the pathogen elicits a hypersensitive-like response when injected into wheat leaves. infection structures morphologically identical to those grown on wheat were induced in the absence of the host plant, and indirect immunofluorescence to ... | 1991 | 1915415 |
| identification of glucitol (sorbitol) and ribitol in a rust fungus, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. | an examination of the soluble carbohydrates of the wheat stem rust fungus, puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici erikss. & e. henn., showed the presence of glucitol (sorbitol), ribitol, fructose, and traces of xylitol, as well as confirming the presence of minnitol, arabitol, trehalose, inositol and erythritol. ribitol and glucitol were major components in glucose-grown mycelium, and appeared to be the major components in mycelium parasitic on wheat leaves, but not in germinated or ungerminated ... | 1976 | 993788 |
| genetic diversity in australian populations of puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae. | abstract sequence-tagged microsatellite profiling was used to develop 110 microsatellites for puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (causal agent of wheat stem rust). low microsatellite polymorphism was exhibited among 10 pathogenically diverse p. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates collected from australian cereal growing regions over a period of at least 70 years, with two polymorphic loci detected, each revealing two alleles. limited cross-species amplification was observed for the wheat rust pathoge ... | 2006 | 18944209 |
| peculiarities of the development of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici on the leaf surfaces of wheat cultivars and other non-host plants differing in resistance. | | 1979 | 549666 |
| prediction of stem rust infection favorability, by means of degree-hour wetness duration, for perennial ryegrass seed crops. | abstract a weather-based infection model for stem rust of perennial ryegrass seed crops was developed and tested using data from inoculated bioassay plants in a field environment with monitored weather. the model describes favorability of daily weather as a proportion (0.0 to 1.0) of the maximum possible infection level set by host and inoculum. moisture duration and temperature are combined in one factor as wet degree-hours (dh(w)) (i.e., degree-hours > 2.0 degrees c summed only over time inter ... | 2003 | 18944362 |
| gene action and linkage of avirulence genes to dna markers in the rust fungus puccinia graminis. | abstract two strains of the wheat stem rust fungus, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, were crossed on barberry, and a single f(1) progeny strain was selfed. the parents, f(1), and 81 f(2) progeny were examined for virulence phenotypes on wheat differential cultivars carrying stem rust resistance (sr) genes. for eight sr differentials, phenotypic ratios are suggestive of single dominant avirulence genes avrt6, avrt8a, avrt9a, avrt10, avrt21, avrt28, avrt30, and avrtu. avirulence on the sr; (sr 'f ... | 2000 | 18944502 |
| usefulness of gene pg10 as a source of stem rust resistance in oat breeding. | abstract infection types produced by puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae on plants of avena sativa with the stem rust resistance gene pg10 are characterized by moderate-sized uredinia surrounded by an area of chlorosis and a larger variable zone of dark brown necrosis. this study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of gene pg10 as a source of resistance to stem rust and to determine the interactions of this gene with other common pg genes. a derived pg10 line was tested with 58 distinct patho ... | 1999 | 18944647 |
| some characteristics of a lipase preparation from the uredospores of puccinia graminis tritici. | the characteristics of a lipase preparation from the uredospores of puccinia graminis (pers.) f. sp. tritici (eriks. and henn.) have been investigated. the majority of the lipolytic activity in disrupted uredospores was found to be associated with a lipid-containing, particulate fraction which sedimented at 5000g. with triolein as a substrate, both 1,3- and 1,2-diglycerides were formed. ethylenediaminetetraacetate, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, and hg(2+) strongly inhibited the activity. a ph opt ... | 1970 | 16657474 |
| a cation/proton-exchanging protein is a candidate for the barley necs1 gene controlling necrosis and enhanced defense response to stem rust. | we characterized three lesion mimic necs1 (necrotic steptoe) mutants, induced by fast neutron (fn) treatment of barley cultivar steptoe. the three mutants are recessive and allelic. when infected with puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotypes mcc and qcc and p. graminis f. sp. secalis isolate 92-mn-90, all three mutants exhibited enhanced resistance compared to parent cultivar steptoe. these results suggested that the lesion mimic mutants carry broad-spectrum resistance to stem rust. in order ... | 2009 | 18956175 |
| purification and partial characterization of a factor in cotton wax stimulating the germination of self-inhibited wheat stem rust uredospores. | filter paper, nonabsorbent cotton, and cotton wax were found to be progressively richer sources of germination-stimulatory activity effective in counteracting the self-inhibition of puccinia graminis var. tritici erikss. and e. henn uredospores. the major stimulatory component of cotton wax was purified and partially characterized. it was catalytically effective in stimulating germination and oxygen consumption of uredospores and appeared to be as active as pelargonaldehyde. unlike most of the p ... | 1966 | 16656227 |
| the role of peroxidase isozymes in resistance to wheat stem rust disease. | in common with other disease situations, rust-resistant wheat leaves show a large increase in peroxidase activity during infection. peroxidase isozymes from healthy or infected lines of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) near isogenic for resistance and susceptibility to race 56 of puccinia graminis tritici were separated by gel electrophoresis and the activity of each was estimated by photometric scanning. in order to ensure that the activity of isozymes observed on gels reflected the changes found i ... | 1971 | 16657797 |
| photocontrol of fungal spore germination. | germination of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici uredospores is inhibited by continuous irradiation. prehydration of spores enhances both dark germination and photoinhibition. simultaneous irradiation with ineffective red (653 nanometers) and inhibitory far red light (720 nanometers) results in partial nullification of the inhibition brought about by far red light alone. this result would be consistent with the involveent of a photoreversible pigment system similar to phytochrome, operating via t ... | 1975 | 16659408 |
| proteins in intercellular washing fluid from noninoculated and rust-affected leaves of wheat and barley. | proteins in intercellular washing fluid (iwf) from wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves were separated by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with coomassie brilliant blue (cbb) or silver. intracellular protein from the cut ends of leaves accounted for only a small proportion of total protein in iwf from wheat leaves. when these were heavily infected with the stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) and grown at ... | 1985 | 16664314 |
| specific inhibition of lignification breaks hypersensitive resistance of wheat to stem rust. | when highly resistant wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties are infected by an avirulent race of the stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici erics. and e. henn.), penetrated host cells undergo rapid necrotization. this hypersensitive cell death is correlated with cellular lignification which efficiently restricts further fungal growth. three competitive inhibitors of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, the first enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid pathway and, thus, of lignin biosyn ... | 1990 | 16667489 |
| rpr1, a gene required for rpg1-dependent resistance to stem rust in barley. | rpg1 is a stem rust resistance gene that has protected barley from severe losses for over 60 years in the us and canada. it confers resistance to many, but not all, pathotypes of the stem rust fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. a fast neutron induced deletion mutant, showing susceptibility to stem rust pathotype pgt-mcc, was identified in barley cv. morex, which carries rpg1. genetic and rpg1 mrna and protein expression level analyses showed that the mutation was a suppressor of rpg1 and w ... | 2006 | 16832646 |
| the barley serine/threonine kinase gene rpg1 providing resistance to stem rust belongs to a gene family with five other members encoding kinase domains. | the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) resistance gene rpg1 encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase with two tandem kinase domains. the rpg1 gene family was identified from the cv. morex and consists of five additional members with divergent homology to rpg1. all family members encode serine/threonine kinase-like proteins with at least one predicted catalytically active kinase domain. the five family members were sequenced from cdna and genomic dna and gen ... | 2006 | 16896706 |
| survey and expression analysis of five new chitin synthase genes in the biotrophic rust fungus puccinia graminis. | we have isolated and characterised the first set of chitin synthase genes from a rust fungus, a large group of economically highly important, obligately biotrophic plant pathogens. puccinia graminis was used as a model organism for the rust fungi which are not well investigated on the molecular level today. one of the major structural components of most fungal cell walls is the chitin polymer which is synthesised by a family of enzymes called chitin synthases. in p. graminis, we have isolated fi ... | 2006 | 16924501 |
| identification of genes involved in stem rust resistance from wheat mutant d51 with the cdna-aflp technique. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the main diseases of wheat worldwide. wheat mutant line d51, which was derived from the highly susceptible cultivar l6239, shows resistance to the prevailing races 21c3cph, 21c3ckh, and 21c3ctr of p. graminis f. sp. tritici in china. in this study, we used the cdna-aflp technology to identify the genes that are likely involved in the stem rust resistance. ecori/msei selective primers were used to generate ... | 2010 | 19821052 |
| wheat cells accumulate a syringyl-rich lignin during the hypersensitive resistance response. | the stem rust fungus puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici is an obligately biotrophic pathogen attacking wheat (triticum aestivum). in compatible host/pathogen-interactions, the fungus participates in the host's metabolism by establishing functional haustoria in the susceptible plant cells. in highly resistant wheat cultivars, fungal attack is stopped by a hypersensitive response of penetrated host cells. this mechanism of programmed cell death of single plant cells is accompanied by the intracellula ... | 2007 | 17188312 |
| [cloning and expression of a class ii chitin synthase gene pstchs ii from the rust fungus puccinia striiformis]. | to clone the chitin synthase gene pstchs ii from puccinia striiformis and to analyze its expression pattern. | 2009 | 20222448 |
| a new race of puccinia graminis tritici and two biotypes of race 42. | | 1947 | 20243385 |
| [cloning and transcriptional profiling of a cell division cycle gene pscdc2 from stripe rust fungus during incompatible and compatible interaction between wheat and puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici]. | we cloned a cell division cycle pscdc2 from puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst) and analyze its expression profile. | 2010 | 20387459 |
| microsatellite variation in avena sterilis oat germplasm. | the avena sterilis l. collection in the plant gene resources of canada (pgrc) consists of 11,235 accessions originating from 27 countries and is an invaluable source of genetic variation for genetic improvement of oats, but it has been inadequately characterized, particularly using molecular techniques. more than 35 accessions have been identified with genes for resistance to oat crown and stem rusts, but little is known about their comparative genetic diversity. this study attempted to characte ... | 2007 | 17265024 |
| comparative analysis of secreted protein evolution using expressed sequence tags from four poplar leaf rusts (melampsora spp.). | obligate biotrophs such as rust fungi are believed to establish long-term relationships by modulating plant defenses through a plethora of effector proteins, whose most recognizable feature is the presence of a signal peptide for secretion. since the phenotypes of these effectors extend to host cells, their genes are expected to be under accelerated evolution stimulated by host-pathogen coevolutionary arms races. recently, whole genome sequence data has allowed the prediction of secretomes, faci ... | 2010 | 20615251 |
| proteolysis of the barley receptor-like protein kinase rpg1 by a proteasome pathway is correlated with rpg1-mediated stem rust resistance. | in plants, disease resistance mediated by the gene-for-gene mechanism involves the recognition of specific effector molecules produced by the pathogen either directly or indirectly by the resistance-gene products. this recognition triggers a series of signals, thereby serving as a molecular switch in regulating defense mechanisms by the plants. to understand the mechanism of action of the barley stem rust resistance gene rpg1, we investigated the fate of the rpg1 protein in response to infection ... | 2007 | 17548826 |
| parallel expression profiling of barley-stem rust interactions. | the dominant barley stem rust resistance gene rpg1 confers resistance to many but not all pathotypes of the stem rust fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt). transformation of rpg1 into susceptible cultivar golden promise rendered the transgenic plants resistant to pgt pathotype mcc but not to pgt pathotype qcc. our objective was to identify genes that are induced/repressed during the early stages of pathogen infection to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and role of rpg1 in defense. a m ... | 2008 | 18196301 |
| [cloning and transcriptional profiling of psncs1 from puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici]. | we cloned psncs1 encoding neuronal calcium sensor from pst and analyzed its transcriptional profile. | 2010 | 20815246 |
| inheritance of leaf rust and stem rust resistance in 'roblin' wheat. | the canadian common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'roblin' is resistant to both leaf rust (puccinia recondita rob. ex. desm.) and stem rust (puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici eriks. and e. henn.). to study the genetics of this resistance, 'roblin' was crossed with 'thatcher', a leaf rust susceptible cultivar, and rl6071, a stem rust susceptible line. a set of f6 random lines was developed from each cross. the random lines and the parents were grown in a field rust nursery artificial ... | 1993 | 18469988 |
| the mechanism and inheritance of adult plant leaf rust resistance in 12 wheat lines. | twelve lines of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were developed that had susceptible infection types to leaf rust (puccinia recondita rob. ex desm. f.sp. tritici) race un 15 in the seedling stage but were resistant in the adult plant stage in the field. the lines were developed from four crosses, each involving four parents (eight in total) that had originally been selected for adult plant or field resistance to stem rust (puccinia graminis pers. f.sp. tritici eriks, and henn.). the objectives of th ... | 1993 | 18470035 |
| genome size variation in the pine fusiform rust pathogen cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme as determined by flow cytometry. | the genome size of the pine fusiform rust pathogen cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme (cqf) was determined by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide-stained, intact haploid pycniospores with haploid spores of two genetically well characterized fungal species, sclerotinia sclerotiorum and puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, as size standards. the cqf haploid genome was estimated at ~90 mb, similar to other pucciniales species for which reference genome sequences are available. twenty-three cq ... | 2010 | 20943541 |
| resistance to wheat leaf rust and stem rust in triticum tauschii and inheritance in hexaploid wheat of resistance transferred from t. tauschii. | twelve accessions of triticum tauschii (coss.) schmal. were genetically analyzed for resistance to leaf rust (puccinia recondita rob. ex desm.) and stem rust (puccinia graminis pers. f.sp. tritici eriks. and e. henn.) of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). four genes conferring seedling resistance to leaf rust, one gene conferring seedling resistance to stem rust, and one gene conferring adult-plant resistance to stem rust were identified. these genes were genetically distinct from genes previo ... | 1994 | 18470124 |
| pathogenic and molecular variation support the presence of genetically distinct clonal lineages in australian populations of puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae. | previous studies of the causal agent of stem rust of oats (puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae; p. g. avenae) in australia have demonstrated a high level of pathogenic variability. in this work, the pathotypic structure of the australian p. g. avenae population in 1999 was investigated, as well as the pathotypic and genetic diversity of a collection of 26 australian isolates representing a 25-year period (1971-1996). in the 1999 sample, 16 races belonging to six international standard races were ide ... | 2008 | 18499424 |