| intracellular colonization of rhododendron and vaccinium roots by cenococcum geophilum, geomyces pannorum and meliniomyces variabilis. | four in vitro experiments were set up to verify the colonization potential of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) cenococcum geophilum fr. (strain cge-4), saprotrophic geomyces pannorum (link) sigler & carmichael (gpa-1) and a frequent root-associated, potentially ericoid mycorrhiza (erm)-forming meliniomyces variabilis hambleton & sigler (mva-1) in roots of rhododendron and vaccinium. a typical erm fungus, rhizoscyphus ericae (read) zhuang & korf (rer-1), was included for comparison. all fungal strains intra ... | 2007 | 18062190 |
| diversity of fungi in hair roots of ericaceae varies along a vegetation gradient. | ericaceous dwarf shrubs including calluna vulgaris and vaccinium spp. occur both in open heathland communities and in forest ecosystems as understory vegetation. ericaceous shrubs were once thought to form ericoid mycorrhizal associations with a relatively narrow range of ascomycetous fungi closely related to, and including, rhizoscyphus ericae. however, perceptions have recently changed since the realization that a broader range of ascomycete fungi, and in some cases basidiomycete fungi, can al ... | 2007 | 17908212 |
| widespread association between the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus rhizoscyphus ericae and a leafy liverwort in the maritime and sub-antarctic. | a recent study identified a fungal isolate from the antarctic leafy liverwort cephaloziella varians as the ericoid mycorrhizal associate rhizoscyphus ericae. however, nothing is known about the wider antarctic distribution of r. ericae in c. varians, and inoculation experiments confirming the ability of the fungus to form coils in the liverwort are lacking. using direct isolation and baiting with vaccinium macrocarpon seedlings, fungi were isolated from c. varians sampled from eight sites across ... | 2007 | 17888123 |
| inoculation of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) with the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus rhizoscyphus ericae increases nitrate influx. | despite the ubiquitous presence of ericoid mycorrhizal (erm) fungi in cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon), no prior studies have examined the effect of erm colonization on no(3)(-) influx kinetics. here, (15)no(3)(-) influx was measured in nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal cranberry in hydroponics. mycorrhizal cranberry were inoculated with the erm fungus rhizoscyphus (syn. hymenoscyphus) ericae. (15)no(3)(-) influx by r. ericae in solution culture was also measured. rhizoscyphus ericae no(3)(-) infl ... | 2007 | 17803649 |
| interactions between iron availability, aluminium toxicity and fungal siderophores. | the influence of iron, aluminium and of the combined application of both metals on microbial biomass and production of siderophores by three fungi (aspergillus nidulans, neurospora crassa and hymenoscyphus ericae) were investigated. all three species showed a strong iron regulation and al-sensitivity of siderophore biosynthesis although several differences remained species dependent. inhibitory effects of fe and al on siderophore-production were additive and the higher binding capacity of sidero ... | 2006 | 16841246 |
| chitinolytic activities of ericoid mycorrhizal and other root-associated fungi from epacris pulchella (ericaceae). | ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes and other root-associated fungi from epacris pulchella (ericaceae) in an eastern australian sclerophyll forest, along with hymenoscyphus ericae, were tested for their abilities to produce extracellular chitinolytic activities during growth in axenic culture. two root-associated fungi produced activities that were active against only a monomeric 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-mu) glycoside of n-acetylglucosamine, suggesting exo-acting beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase (ec 3.2.1. ... | 2006 | 16377165 |
| oribatid mite (acari, oribatida) feeding on ectomycorrhizal fungi. | the coexistence of a large number of soil animals without extensive niche differentiation is one of the great riddles in soil biology. the main aim of this study was to explore the importance of partitioning of food resources for the high diversity of micro-arthropods in soil. in addition, we investigated if ectomycorrhizal fungi are preferentially consumed compared to saprotrophic fungi. until today, ectomycorrhizal fungi have never been tested as potential food resource for oribatid mites. we ... | 2005 | 16133254 |
| the mycorrhizal community in a forest chronosequence of sitka spruce [picea sitchensis (bong.) carr.] in northern england. | demography and fungal diversity of the belowground ectomycorrhizal community in a chronosequence of sitka spruce [picea sitchensis (bong.) carr.] in northumberland, northern england, were analysed; mycorrhizal root samples were taken from 6-, 12-, 30- and 40-year-old stands, and fungal fruiting bodies were collected in autumn to complement the survey. naturally germinated seedlings less than 1 year of age (taken from the 30-year-old stand) were also examined. a total of 118,000 mycorrhizal root ... | 2005 | 15947957 |
| phosphatases of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi: kinetic properties and the effect of copper on activity. | ericoid endomycorrhizal fungi (two isolates of hymenoscyphus ericae obtained from unpolluted heathlands and two h. ericae-type endophytes isolated from calluna vulgaris growing on cu-contaminated mine spoil) were grown for 14 d on 10% rorison's solution containing sodium phytate as the sole p source and either trace (0.16 microm) or elevated (0.25 mm) concentrations of cu. the elevated levels of cu in the medium had no effect on the growth of the two h. ericae-type endophytes from mine spoil sit ... | 2005 | 15912936 |
| carbon availability affects nitrogen source utilisation by hymenoscyphus ericae. | we compared the ability of five strains of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus hymenoscyphus ericae to utilise glutamine, ammonium or nitrate at high or low carbon (c) availability. the pattern of intraspecific variation in growth was affected by c availability. when c supply was high, growth differences between strains were explained by the total amount of nitrogen (n) taken up, suggesting variation in uptake kinetics. under c-limiting conditions, strain differences were linked with their nitrogen u ... | 2005 | 15912935 |
| influence of ph on copper and zinc sensitivity of ericoid mycobionts in vitro. | the effect of ph on growth, metal uptake and toxicity in four isolates of ericoid mycobionts (two hymenoscyphus ericae from unpolluted heathland sites and two h. ericae-type mycobionts from metal-contaminated mine spoil) was assessed in vitro. these isolates were incubated in liquid medium (10% rorison's medium, glucose at 10 g l(-1)) containing either 0.25 mm cu or 2.0 mm zn and adjusted to ph 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. after 30 days incubation, dry mass and mycelial metal content were determined and gro ... | 2005 | 15789234 |
| nutritional influences on the solubilization of metal phosphate by ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. | four ericoid mycobionts (two isolates of hymenoscyphus ericae, and two dark, sterile ericoid mycobionts isolated from metal-contaminated mine sites) were grown on solid agar plates supplemented with zinc phosphate (0.25 %) containing different forms of nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium or alanine) and different concentrations of carbon (glucose) and phosphorus (k2hpo4). the influence of nutrient variation on solubilizing ability of the fungi was assessed by measuring the zones of solubilization appear ... | 2004 | 15449600 |
| responses of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal erica cinerea and vaccinium macrocarpon to glomus mosseae. | an investigation was carried out on the mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of two members of the ericaceae in close proximity to an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) association. this was undertaken by separating mycorrhizal (em) and non-mycorrhizal (nem) erica cinerea and vaccinium macrocarpon from am (inoculated by glomus mosseae) and non-mycorrhizal (nam) plantago lanceolata using a 30 micro m nylon mesh in a sand culture/pot system. ericoid mycorrhizal colonisation by hymenoscyphus eri ... | 2004 | 14574619 |
| mechanism of arsenate resistance in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus hymenoscyphus ericae. | arsenate resistance is exhibited by the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus hymenoscyphus ericae collected from as-contaminated mine soils. to investigate the mechanism of arsenate resistance, uptake kinetics for arsenate (h(2)aso(4)(-)), arsenite (h(3)aso(3)), and phosphate (h(2)po(4)(-)) were determined in both arsenate-resistant and -non-resistant h. ericae. the uptake kinetics of h(2)aso(4)(-), h(3)aso(3), and h(2)po(4)(-) in both resistant and non-resistant isolates were similar. the presence of 5.0 ... | 2000 | 11080308 |
| exclusion of grass roots from soil organic layers by calluna: the role of ericoid mycorrhizas. | the role of ericoid mycorrhizal colonization in competition between the dwarf shrub calluna vulgaris and coarse grass nardus stricta was investigated. nardus was grown alone, or in competition with calluna, in a layered organic/sand substrate with and without inoculation with the ericoid mycorrhizal endophyte hymenoscyphus ericae, and with and without the addition of nitrogen. root length and allocation between different substrate layers was assessed along with plant biomass, nutrient uptake and ... | 2000 | 10948239 |
| symbiotic fungal associations in 'lower' land plants. | an analysis of the current state of knowledge of symbiotic fungal associations in 'lower' plants is provided. three fungal phyla, the zygomycota, ascomycota and basidiomycota, are involved in forming these associations, each producing a distinctive suite of structural features in well-defined groups of 'lower' plants. among the 'lower' plants only mosses and equisetum appear to lack one or other of these types of association. the salient features of the symbioses produced by each fungal group ar ... | 2000 | 10905611 |
| degradation of atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by mycorrhizal fungi at three nitrogen concentrations in vitro. | nine mycorrhizal fungi and free-living saprophytic microorganisms were tested for their ability to degrade two chlorinated aromatic herbicides at two herbicide concentrations and three nitrogen concentrations. radiolabelled 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) were used as substrates at concentrations of 1 and 4 mm. after 8 weeks, none of the cultures tested grew at 4 mm 2,4-d. however, when the 2,4-d concentration was reduced to ... | 1993 | 8368851 |
| sequence and putative secondary structure of group i introns in the nuclear-encoded ribosomal rna genes of the fungus hymenoscyphus ericae. | two putative group i introns in the nuclear ribosomal rna genes of hymenoscyphus ericae are described. one is in the small subunit gene about 30 nucleotides upstream of the 3' end of the gene at a site common to several other group i introns. the other is in the large subunit gene approx. 930 bp downstream of the 5' end of the gene. this is the only report of an intron at this location. | 1995 | 7711072 |
| diverse helotiales associated with the roots of three species of arctic ericaceae provide no evidence for host specificity. | ericoid mycorrhizal fungi differ in their abilities to use nitrogen sources and may be integral to maintaining fungal and plant diversity in ecosystems in which ericaceae occur. in this study, we tested whether the fungal communities differ among three species of co-occurring ericaceae. fungi colonizing cassiope tetragona, empetrum nigrum and vaccinium vitis-idaea roots in the arctic tundra were characterized via culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. the cultured fungi were teste ... | 2011 | 21463329 |
| root-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi shared by various boreal forest seedlings naturally regenerating after a fire in interior alaska and correlation of different fungi with host growth responses. | the role of common mycorrhizal networks (cmns) in postfire boreal forest successional trajectories is unknown. we investigated this issue by sampling a 50-m by 40-m area of naturally regenerating black spruce (picea mariana), trembling aspen (populus tremuloides), and paper birch (betula papyrifera) seedlings at various distances from alder (alnus viridis subsp. crispa), a nitrogen-fixing shrub, 5 years after wildfire in an alaskan interior boreal forest. shoot biomasses and stem diameters of 4- ... | 2011 | 21441343 |
| filamentous ascomycetes inhabiting the rhizoid environment of the liverwort cephaloziella varians in antarctica are assessed by direct pcr and cloning. | we molecularly assesed the ascomycetous fungal communities inhabiting the rhizoid environment of cephaloziella varians, collected at rothera point on the western antarctic peninsula. the rflp-phenotyped and cloned pcr products of a partial small subunit of the ribosomal rna gene were sequenced and analyzed with neighbor joining (nj) and maximum parsimony (mp). both analyses identified four bootstrap-supported groups: (i) a sister group to onygenales, (ii) a well-supported clade with phialocephal ... | 2003 | 21156634 |
| structural changes to a mycothallus along a latitudinal transect through the maritime and sub-antarctic. | previous studies have shown the leafy liverwort cephaloziella varians to associate consistently with fungi, typically the ericoid mycorrhizal symbiont rhizoscyphus ericae, across a wide latitudinal gradient in the maritime and sub-antarctic. hitherto, however, there are no quantitative data on the intensity of colonisation of c. varians by fungal structures in the natural environment and how colonisation might vary with changing environmental conditions. a study is hence reported showing that th ... | 2011 | 20628887 |
| new insights into the mycorrhizal rhizoscyphus ericae aggregate: spatial structure and co-colonization of ectomycorrhizal and ericoid roots. | • fungi in the rhizoscyphus ericae aggregate have been recovered from the roots of co-occurring ericaceous shrubs and ectomycorrhizal trees. however, to date, there is no evidence that the same individual genotypes colonize both hosts, and no information on the extent of the mycelial networks that might form. • using spatially explicit core sampling, we isolated fungi from neighbouring pinus sylvestris (ectomycorrhizal) and vaccinium vitis-idaea (ericoid mycorrhizal) roots and applied intersimpl ... | 2010 | 20618909 |
| reciprocal carbon and nitrogen transfer between an ericaceous dwarf shrub and fungi isolated from piceirhiza bicolorata ectomycorrhizas. | * the overstorey coniferous trees and understorey ericaceous dwarf shrubs of northern temperate and boreal forests have previously been considered to form mycorrhizas with taxonomically and functionally distinct groups of fungi. * here, we tested the hypothesis that meliniomyces variabilis and meliniomyces bicolor, isolated from piceirhiza bicolorata ectomycorrhizas of pine, can function as ericoid mycorrhizal symbionts with vaccinium vitis-idaea. we used split-compartment microcosms to measure ... | 2009 | 19320835 |
| testate amoebae (arcellinida and euglyphida) vs. ericoid mycorrhizal and dse fungi: a possible novel interaction in the mycorrhizosphere of ericaceous plants? | common occurrence of testate amoebae (ta) in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants indicates existence of yet undocumented ecological interactions, involving three distinct groups of organisms: soil protists, mycorrhizal fungi, and their host plants. this tripartite relationship was to date investigated only to a limited extent, despite its probable importance for processes taking place in the mycorrhizosphere. in this study, we (1) explored spectra of different ta genera naturally associated wi ... | 2009 | 18604649 |
| a novel ascomycetous endophytic association in the rhizoids of the leafy liverwort family, schistochilaceae (jungermanniidae, hepaticopsida). | liverworts form diverse associations with endophytic fungi similar to mycorrhizas in vascular plants. whereas the widespread occurrence of glomeromycotes in the basal liverwort lineages is well documented, knowledge of the distribution of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes in derived thalloid and leafy clades is more fragmented. our discovery that the ramified and septate rhizoids of the schistochilaceae, the sister group to all other ascomycete-containing liverworts, are packed with fungal hyphae p ... | 2008 | 21632379 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal induced changes to plant growth and root system morphology in prunus cerasifera. | we compared root system morphogenesis of micropropogated transplants of prunus cerasifera l. inoculated with either of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi glomus mosseae or glomus intraradices or with the ericoid mycorrhizal species hymenoscyphus ericae. all plants were grown in sand culture, irrigated with a nutrient solution that included a soluble source of phosphorus, for 75 days after transplanting. arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization increased both the survival and growth (by over 100%) ... | 1995 | 14965952 |
| saprobic characteristics of three fungal taxa from ericalean roots and their association with the roots of rhododendron groenlandicum and picea mariana in culture. | simultaneous associations among ectotrophic and ericoid mycorrhizal hosts and their mycorrhizal fungi are expected in boreal bogs where ericaceous shrubs and conifers coexist rooted in an organic matrix dominated by sphagnum mosses. we were thus prompted to examine, in vitro, the abilities of three ericoid mycorrhizal fungi [ hymenoscyphus ericae, oidiodendron maius, and variable white taxon (vwt)] to associate with picea mariana (pinaceae), with both p. mariana and rhododendron groenlandicum (e ... | 2002 | 12189471 |