| suppression of phytohemagglutinin response by fungi from a "leukemia" house. | fungal isolates from the house of a husband and wife who both developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia were assayed for effects on the in vivo response to phytohemagglutinin in guinea pigs. skin responses to intradermal phytohemagglutinin were measured following injections of sterile fungal extracts. isolates of penicillium canescens, curvularia, fusarium sambucinum, fusarium equiseti and trichoderma koningii from the leukemia-associated house depressed the responses to phytohemagglutinin, but no ... | 1979 | 291385 |
| isolation and characterization of zearalenone sulfate produced by fusarium spp. | a water-soluble compound related to zearalenone was isolated from a culture of fusarium graminearum 30 grown in rice. the structure of the novel metabolite was determined to be zearalenone-4-sulfate on the basis of fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, uv spectroscopy, and by chemical and enzymatic reactions. strains representing fusarium equiseti, fusarium sambucinum, and fusarium roseum produced the sulfate conjugate as well. in the rat uterus enlargement ... | 1991 | 1827972 |
| fusacandins a and b; novel antifungal antibiotics of the papulacandin class from fusarium sambucinum. i. identity of the producing organism, fermentation and biological activity. | the fuscandins, antifungal agents of the papulacandin class, are produced by a strain of fusarium sambucinum. fermentation yielded 60 mg/liter of fusacandin a and minor amounts of fusacandin b. as expected, the fusacandins inhibit (1,3)-beta-glucan synthesis. fusacandin a is slightly less active than papulacandin b against candida albicans and, like papulacandin, loses activity in the presence of serum. | 1995 | 7649856 |
| trichodiene synthase. identification of active site residues by site-directed mutagenesis. | derivatization of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-treated trichodiene synthase with [methyl-14c]methyl methanethiosulfonate and analysis of the derived tryptic peptides suggested the presence of two cysteine residues at the active site. the corresponding c146a and c190a mutants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. the c190a mutant displayed partial but significantly reduced activity, with a reduction in kcat/km of 3000 compared to the wild-type trichodiene synthase, while the c146a ... | 1995 | 7873527 |
| analysis of tox5 gene expression in gibberella pulicaris strains with different trichothecene production phenotypes. | the tox5 gene encodes trichodiene synthase, the first unique enzyme in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway. in gibberella pulicaris r-6380, the level of tox5 mrna was found to increase 47-fold in early stationary phase. sequence analysis of the tox5 promoter regions from geographically distinct strains of g. pulicaris revealed the existence of two tox5 alleles (tox5-1 and tox5-2). all g. pulicaris strains that produce high levels of trichothecenes in liquid culture carry a 42-nucleotide (nt) ... | 1993 | 8368827 |
| a method for easy isolation of promoter fragments from promoter-probe libraries of filamentous fungi. | two genomic fragments capable of driving the expression of the hygromycin b resistance gene (hph) were isolated from the phytopathogenic ascomycete gibberella pulicaris (anamorph fusarium sambucinum) using a "promoter-probe library" strategy. two libraries consisting of random, 0.5-2.0-kb fragments of genomic dna inserted 5' of a promoterless hph gene were constructed and used for transformation of g. pulicaris. both libraries transformed g. pulicaris at a low frequency. transformants tolerated ... | 1995 | 8590472 |
| a novel regulatory gene, tri10, controls trichothecene toxin production and gene expression. | we report here the characterization of tri10, a novel regulatory gene within the trichothecene gene cluster. comparison of tri10 genomic and mrna sequences revealed that removal of a single 77-bp intron provided a 1,260-bp open reading frame, encoding a 420-amino-acid protein. disruption of tri10 in fusarium sporotrichioides abolished t-2 toxin production and dramatically decreased the transcript accumulation for four trichothecene genes (tri4, tri5, tri6, and tri101) and an apparent farnesyl py ... | 2001 | 11679358 |
| hydrolytic properties of crude alpha-l-rhamnosidases produced by several wild strains of mesophilic fungi. | observation of the dependence of alpha-l-rhamnosidase activity on ph and temperature and the capability to hydrolyse concentrated naringin solutions and hesperidin suspensions of enzyme complexes produced by several fungi. | 2002 | 12028430 |
| biotransformation of 2-benzoxazolinone and 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one by endophytic fungi isolated from aphelandra tetragona. | the biotransformation of the phytoanticipins 2-benzoxazolinone (boa) and 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (hboa) by four endophytic fungi isolated from aphelandra tetragona was studied. using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, several new products of acylation, oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and nitration were identified. fusarium sambucinum detoxified boa and hboa to n-(2-hydroxyphenyl)malonamic acid. plectosporium tabacinum, gliocladium cibotii, and chaetosphaeria sp. t ... | 2002 | 12324332 |
| antifungal activities of the leaves of three pistacia species grown in turkey. | the crude extracts obtained from the leaves of pistacia vera, pistacia terebinthus and pistacia lentiscus were tested for antifungal activities against three pathogenic agricultural fungi, phythium ultimum, rhizoctania solani and fusarium sambucinum. the extracts significantly inhibited the growth of p. ultimum and r. solani. however, the antifungal activity was not observed against f. sambucinum. | 2003 | 12628416 |
| tri16 is required for esterification of position c-8 during trichothecene mycotoxin production by fusarium sporotrichioides. | we previously characterized tri1, a gene required for hydroxylation of the c-8 position during trichothecene mycotoxin biosynthesis in fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl 3299. sequence analysis of the region surrounding tri1 revealed a gene, named tri16, which could encode an acyltransferase. unlike the wild-type parent strain nrrl 3299, which accumulates primarily t-2 toxin along with low levels of diacetoxyscirpenol (das) and neosolaniol (neo) and trace amounts of 8-propionyl-neosolaniol (p-neo) a ... | 2003 | 14532047 |
| specific detection of fusarium langsethiae and related species by dgge and arms-pcr of a beta-tubulin (tub1) gene fragment. | fusarium langsethiae was recently described as a new toxigenic fusarium species, which morphologically resembles fusarium poae, but exhibits a mycotoxin pattern related to fusarium sporotrichioides. to develop tools for early and specific detection of f. langsethiae and distinguishing it from related species of section sporotrichiella and discolor (f. poae, f. sporotrichioides, fusarium kyushuense, fusarium robustum, fusarium sambucinum and fusarium tumidum) sequence variations in their beta-tub ... | 2004 | 15337597 |
| regulation of trichodiene synthase in fusarium sporotrichioides and gibberella pulicaris (fusarium sambucinum). | the regulation of trichodiene synthase (ts) and its relationship to trichothecene biosynthesis was investigated in fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl 3299 and gibberella pulicaris r-6380. cultures were analyzed for the presence of ts activity, trichothecenes, and immunodetectable ts polypeptide over a time period of 144 h. enzyme activity increased from barely detectable to maximum levels over a period of 3 h for f. sporotrichioides, while in g. pulicaris, a steady increase was observed over 144 h. ... | 1989 | 16347944 |
| an abc transporter and a cytochrome p450 of nectria haematococca mpvi are virulence factors on pea and are the major tolerance mechanisms to the phytoalexin pisatin. | the fungal plant pathogen nectria haematococca mpvi produces a cytochrome p450 that is responsible for detoxifying the phytoalexin pisatin, produced as a defense mechanism by its host, garden pea. in this study, we demonstrate that this fungus also produces a specific atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter, nhabc1, that enhances its tolerance to pisatin. in addition, although both mechanisms individually contribute to the tolerance of pisatin and act as host-specific virulence factors, mutations ... | 2011 | 21077772 |
| biocontrol agents promote growth of potato pathogens, depending on environmental conditions. | there is a pressing need to understand and optimize biological control so as to avoid over-reliance on the synthetic chemical pesticides that can damage environmental and human health. this study focused on interactions between a novel biocontrol-strain, bacillus sp. jc12gb43, and potato-pathogenic phytophthora and fusarium species. in assays carried out in vitro and on the potato tuber, the bacterium was capable of near-complete inhibition of pathogens. this bacillus was sufficiently xerotolera ... | 2016 | 26880001 |
| a methodology to detect and quantify five pathogens causing potato tuber decay using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | abstract late blight (phytophthora infestans), pink rot (phytophthora erythroseptica), leak (pythium ultimum), dry rot (fusarium sambucinum), and soft rot (erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and subsp. atroseptica) are particularly damaging diseases of stored potato tubers worldwide. in this study, we present a methodology to detect and quantify the causal agents of the five aforementioned diseases from whole potato tubers, using real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. six primer pai ... | 2006 | 18944060 |
| development of a novel pcr assay for the identification of the black yeast, exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis from adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). | cystic fibrosis (cf) patients may suffer increased morbidity and mortality through colonisation, allergy and invasive infection from fungi. the black yeast, exophiala dermatitidis (synonym wangiella dermatitidis) has been found with increasing frequency in sputum specimens of cf patients, with reported isolation rates ranging from 1.1 to 15.7%. at present, no diagnostic pcr exists to aid with the clinical laboratory detection and identification of this organism. a novel species-specific pcr-base ... | 2008 | 18571996 |
| [competitive interactions between fusarium sambucinum fuckel and phoma glomerata (corda) wollenweber & hochapfel under in vitro conditions]. | the effects of temperature (15 and 25 degrees c), water activity (0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 0.98 y 0.995) and the interaction between fusarium sambucinum and phoma glomerata in rice extract agar on fungus growth were investigated. fungi interactions were given a numerical score to obtain an index of dominance (id) and to observe possible variations under different conditions of temperature and water activity (aw) changed. f. sambucinum and p. glomerata grew most rapidly -both individually and paired- at ... | 2007 | 17592888 |
| possibility of biological control of primocane fruiting raspberry disease caused by fusarium sambucinum. | biological control agents are a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for plant disease suppression. the main advantage of the natural biocontrol agents, such as antagonistic bacteria compared with chemicals, includes environmental pollution prevention and a decrease of chemical residues in fruits. this study is aimed to evaluate the impact of three bacillus strains on disease of primocane fruiting raspberry canes caused by fusarium sambucinum under controlled infection load and uncontrol ... | 2015 | 26018288 |
| interaction of antimicrobial cyclic lipopeptides from bacillus subtilis influences their effect on spore germination and membrane permeability in fungal plant pathogens. | bacillus subtilis cyclic lipopeptides are known to have various antimicrobial effects including different types of interactions with the cell membranes of plant pathogenic fungi. the various spectra of activities of the three main lipopeptide families (fengycins, iturins, and surfactins) seem to be linked to their respective mechanisms of action on the fungal biomembrane. few studies have shown the combined effect of more than one family of lipopeptides on fungal plant pathogens. in an effort to ... | 2014 | 25442289 |
| production and antimicrobial activity of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde from bacillus subtilis strain cu12. | bacillus subtilis strains are known to produce a vast array of antimicrobial compounds. however, some compounds remain to be identified. disk assays performed in vitro with bacillus subtilis cu12 showed a significant reduction in mycelial growth of alternaria solani, botrytis cinerea, fusarium sambucinum, and pythium sulcatum. crude b. subtilis culture filtrates were subsequently extracted with ethyl acetate and butanol. a bioassay guided purification procedure revealed the presence of one major ... | 2012 | 23179100 |
| cytotoxicity of diacetoxyscirpenol is associated with apoptosis by activation of caspase-8 and interruption of cell cycle progression by down-regulation of cdk4 and cyclin b1 in human jurkat t cells. | to understand the mechanism underlying t-cell toxicity of diacetoxyscirpenol (das) from fusarium sambucinum, its apoptogenic as well as growth retardation activity was investigated in human jurkat t cells. exposure to das (0.01-0.15 microm) caused apoptotic dna fragmentation along with caspase-8 activation, bid cleavage, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and parp degradation, without any alteration in the levels of fas or fasl. under these conditions, nec ... | 2007 | 17559898 |
| pyrrolnitrin production by biological control agent pseudomonas cepacia b37w in culture and in colonized wounds of potatoes. | bacterial strain b37w (= nrrl b-14858), an isolate noteworthy because it inhibits the growth of the bioherbicide fungus colletotrichum truncatum, was selected for further studies of bacterial antifungal properties. this isolate was identified as a pseudomonas cepacia strain by performing carbohydrate utilization and fatty acid profile analyses, as well as other biochemical and physiological tests. petri plate assays revealed that strain b37w exhibited antifungal activity against the potato dry r ... | 1994 | 16349289 |
| directed biosynthesis of new enniatins. | new cyclohexadepsipeptides of the enniatin type with potential anthelmintic properties were produced by two different strategies: 1. in vitro synthesis by use of the multienzyme enniatin synthetase, and 2. in vivo precursor feeding of enniatin producing strains fusarium scirpi and fusarium sambucinum. the compounds were analyzed by hplc, various nmr measurements and mass spectrometry. the three n-methyl l-amino acid positions in the enniatin b molecule could be gradually replaced by other (n-met ... | 2001 | 11776434 |
| highly conserved n-methyltransferases as an integral part of peptide synthetases. | the methyltransferase portion of the n-methyl-peptide-synthetase gene, synthesizing enniatin from fusarium sambucinum, was amplified with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers derived from the highly conserved sequences of the flanking peptide synthetase domain. the deduced amino acid sequence of the product shares high similarity to the 430 amino acid methyltransferase portion of enniatin synthetase of fusarium scirpi and the corresponding portions of another fungal peptide syntheta ... | 1995 | 8673002 |
| enniatin synthetases from different fusaria exhibiting distinct amino acid specificities. | enniatin synthetases from the cyclodepsipeptide producers fusarium lateritium and fusarium sambucinum were purified to homogeneity and characterized. like the previously described enniatin synthetase from fusarium scirpi both enzymes consist of a single polypeptide chain and are very similar concerning their mr (250 kdaltons) and reaction mechanism. limited proteolytic digests show only slight differences in their patterns in sds-gels. interestingly the synthetases differ in their amino acids sp ... | 1992 | 1399848 |
| multidrug-resistant fusarium in keratitis: a clinico-mycological study of keratitis infections in chennai, india. | in this study, we aimed to present the first molecular epidemiological data from chennai, india, analyse keratitis cases that have been monitored in a university hospital during 2 years, identify the responsible fusarium species and determine antifungal susceptibilities. a total of 10 cases of keratitis were included in the study. fusarium isolates were identified using the second largest subunit of the rna polymerase gene (rpb2) and the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1). antifungal s ... | 2017 | 27766684 |
| antifungal and sprout regulatory bioactivities of phenylacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and tyrosol isolated from the potato dry rot suppressive bacterium enterobacter cloacae s11:t:07. | enterobacter cloacae s11: t:07 (nrrl b-21050) is a promising biological control agent that has significantly reduced both fungal dry rot disease and sprouting in laboratory and pilot potato storages. the metabolites phenylacetic acid (paa), indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), and tyrosol (tsl) were isolated from s11:t:07 liquid cultures provided with three different growth media. the bioactivities of these metabolites were investigated via thin-layer chromatography bioautography of antifungal activity, ... | 2004 | 15558349 |
| use of headspace solid-phase microextraction and headspace sorptive extraction for the detection of the volatile metabolites produced by toxigenic fusarium species. | an efficient methodology was developed to determine the growth of toxigenic fusarium spp., based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (spme) and stir bar sorptive extraction of the fungal volatile metabolites produced. spme and headspace sorptive extraction (hsse) were used to monitor the de novo production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, such as trichodiene, a volatile marker and intermediate in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes. on growth media such as malt extract agar and potato dextrose ... | 2004 | 14971496 |
| damping-off in conifer seedling nurseries in noshahr and kelardasht. | to study the damping-off of conifer seedlings, we have collected samples from the roots of conifer seedlings (pinus nigra, picea excelsa, abieces spp, cupressus arizonica, cupressus sempervirens) from nurseries in the south of iran (noshahr and kelardasht). after disinfecting the samples, we have used standard media like pda, ma and cla. the following fungi were identified: fusarium solani, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium sambucinum, clamydosporium, rhizoctonia solani, cylindrocarpon spp., alternar ... | 2001 | 12425024 |
| canker and wilt of black locust (robinia pseudoacacia l.) caused by fusarium species. | from the pathological material of black locust trees showing symptoms of wilting of the foliage or canker of the bark the following fusarium species were isolated: fusarium avenaceum (fr.) sacc., fusarium lateritium nees., fusarium semitectum berk. & rav., fusarium solani (mart.) sacc., fusarium sulphureum schlecht. (syn.: fusarium sambucinum fuckel f. 6 wollenw.) the results of the provocation infections of one-year-old black locust seedlings showed that all of the species--except fusarium sola ... | 2002 | 12109155 |
| an atp-binding cassette multidrug-resistance transporter is necessary for tolerance of gibberella pulicaris to phytoalexins and virulence on potato tubers. | the necrotrophic pathogen gibberella pulicaris infects potato tubers through wounds that contain fungitoxic secondary metabolites such as the phytoalexins rishitin and lubimin. in order to colonize tuber tissue, the fungus must possess a mechanism to tolerate potato defense compounds. in this paper, we show that a gene, gpabc1, that codes an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter is required for tolerance to these phytoalexins and for virulence on potato. the gpabc1 gene, isolated in the course ... | 2002 | 11876422 |
| chemical and physiological characterization of taxa in the fusarium sambucinum complex. | forty-one isolates of fusarium sambucinum sensu lato were screened for production of secondary metabolites in agar cultures. of 16 strains of f. sambucinum sensu stricto all but two strains produced diacetoxyscirpenol and two unidentified metabolites, tb1 and tb2 respectively. the two remaining f. sambucinum strains produced t-2 toxin, tb1 and tb2. fusarium venenotum (6 strains) produced diacetoxyscirpenol and an unidentified metabolite bb. fusarium torulosum (8 strains) produced wortmannin and ... | 1995 | 7566056 |
| production of type a trichothecenes and enniatin b by fusarium sambucinum fuckel sensu lato. | twenty-nine fusarium isolates, representing three new taxa originated by nirenberg from f. sambucinum fuckel sensu lato, namely: f. sambucinum fuckel sensu stricto, f. venenotum nirenb., and f. torulosum (berk. & curt.) nirenb., were tested for in vitro production of toxic secondary metabolites on autoclaved corn kernels. f. sambucinum sensu stricto was able to produce type a trichothecenes and enniatin b (eb). in particular, amongst the 14 isolates tested, 5 produced only diacetoxyscirpenol (da ... | 1995 | 7566055 |
| phylogenetic relationship within fusarium sambucinum fuckel sensu lato, determined from ribosomal rna sequences. | partial ribosomal rna nucleotide sequences were determined for 11 strains of fusarium sambucinum fuckel sensu lato to assess by molecular genetic means, nirenberg's recent morphotaxonomic interpretation which split the species into three distinct taxa: f. sambucinum sensu stricto, f. torulosum, and one other species, as yet unnamed (fusarium species nova). four sequence patterns were identified among the 11 strains. two sequences that varied at one site were found among strains of f. sambucinum, ... | 1995 | 7566051 |
| sexual fertility of forty fusarium strains from the european fusarium sambucinum project. | fungus strains designated as fusarium sambucinum, f. torulosum, or fusarium sp. nov. were crossed with mat1-1 and mat1-2 tester strains of gibberella pulicaris. of the 40 field strains that were crossed with the tester strains, 13 strains produced fertile crosses and 27 strains did not produce fertile crosses. one strain designated as f. torulosum was fertile with a tester strain of g. pulicaris, suggesting that this is an intraspecies cross and that the strain is g. pulicaris, and, consequently ... | 1995 | 7566050 |
| formation of trichothecenes by fusarium solani var. coeruleum and fusarium sambucinum in potatoes. | fusarium solani var. coeruleum can form deoxynivalenol in potato tubers and in liquid medium, although concentrations observed in the rot were highly variable; acetyldeoxynivalenol and ht-2 toxin were detected in 1 to 3 tubers only (of 57). trichothecenes were also detected in a very few (3 of 20) cultures of fusarium sambucinum in potato tubers. | 1984 | 6742832 |
| ancymidol blocks trichothecene biosynthesis and leads to accumulation of trichodiene in fusarium sporotrichioides and gibberella pulicaris. | ancymidol, a plant growth regulator, inhibited biosynthesis of diacetoxyscirpenol by gibberella pulicaris (fusarium sambucinum) in a defined liquid medium. ancymidol also inhibited biosynthesis of t-2 toxin by a wild-type strain of fusarium sporotrichioides and biosynthesis of diacetoxyscirpenol, deacetylated calonectrin, and dideacetylated calonectrin by mutant strains of this species. ancymidol-treated cultures accumulated the hydrocarbon trichodiene, a biosynthetic precursor of the trichothec ... | 1987 | 3662519 |
| biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal functions of endophytic fungi associated with zanthoxylum bungeanum. | this study investigated the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi isolated from zanthoxylum bungeanum. a total of 940 isolates obtained were grouped into 93 morphotypes, 43 species, and 23 genera, which were authenticated by molecular identification based on rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) sequence analysis. a high diversity of endophytic fungi from z. bungeanum are observed with high species richness s (43), margalef index d' (6.1351), shannon-wiener index ... | 2016 | 27649145 |
| cytotoxicity of trichothecene mycotoxins isolated from fusarium sporotrichioides (mc-72083) and fusarium sambucinum in baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells. | twenty-six trichothecene mycotoxins produced by fusarium sporotrichioides (mc-72083) and fusarium sambucinum were screened for relative cytotoxicity in cultured baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells. the relative cytotoxicity was measured as lc100. the most cytotoxic trichothecenes were t-2 toxin (5 ng/ml) and the recently isolated 4-propanoyl ht-2 (5 ng/ml) and 3'-hydroxy t-2 toxin (5 ng/ml). t-2 tetraol (1 x 10(4) ng/ml), 8-beta-hydroxytrichothecene (1 x 10(4) ng/ml), sporotrichiol (2 x 10(4) ng/ ... | 1991 | 2034260 |
| a highly specific d-hydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase from the enniatin producer fusarium sambucinum. | a highly specific d-hydroxyisovalerate (d-hiv) dehydrogenase, which is a key enzyme in depsipeptide synthesis, was purified to near homogeneity from the enniatin-producing fungus fusarium sambucinum. the enzyme catalyzes the reversible reaction of 2-ketoisovalerate (2-kiv) to d-hiv. it is strictly dependent on nadph and exhibits a high substrate specificity with respect to 2-kiv. nadh was not accepted by the enzyme. km values for 2-kiv and nadph were found to be 200 and 333 microm, respectively. ... | 1992 | 1601849 |
| two new cyclophilins from fusarium sambucinum and aspergillus niger: resistance of cyclophilin/cyclosporin a complexes against proteolysis. | two new peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerases were purified to homogeneity from fusarium sambucinum and aspergillus niger. they belong to the class of cyclosporin a binding proteins (cyclophilins) and have molecular masses of about 18 kda. as has been shown for other cyclophilins, the isomerase activity of the enzymes is inhibited by cyclosporin a in the nanomolar range. furthermore binding of cyclosporin a prevents proteolytic digestion of the cyclophilin/cyclosporin complexes by the endoproteas ... | 1992 | 1530635 |
| chemosensitization of plant pathogenic fungi to agricultural fungicides. | a common consequence of using agricultural fungicides is the development of resistance by fungal pathogens, which undermines reliability of fungicidal effectiveness. a potentially new strategy to aid in overcoming or minimizing this problem is enhancement of pathogen sensitivity to fungicides, or "chemosensitization." chemosensitization can be accomplished by combining a commercial fungicide with a certain non- or marginally fungicidal substance at levels where, alone, neither compound would be ... | 2012 | 22408641 |
| isolation and gene disruption of the tox5 gene encoding trichodiene synthase in gibberella pulicaris. | the trichodiene synthase gene (tox5) was isolated from gibberella pulicaris, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. tox5 was disrupted through transformation with a plasmid carrying a doubly truncated copy of the coding region and a selectable marker for resistance to hygromycin b (hygr). analysis of 82 transformants for their ability to produce the trichothecene, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (das), resulted in the identification of five das- strains. southern hybridization analysis of das- hygr ... | 2005 | 1421511 |
| influence of metabolic and physical factors on production of diacetoxyscirpenol by fusarium sambucinum fuckel. | fusarium sambucinum fuckel 8099-1 was grown on czapek-dox peptone-supplemented medium at 15 degrees c for 14 days, and the cultures were investigated for diacetoxyscirpenol (das) production by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography. the addition of 150 mg of sorbic acid, a tricarboxylic acid cycle inhibitor, per liter stimulated both fungal growth and das production. among the beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme a precursors tested, isovaleric acid completely inhibited fungal grow ... | 2011 | 3190224 |
| isolation and characterization of a new less-toxic derivative of the <i>fusarium</i> mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol after thermal treatment. | trichothecenes are an important class of mycotoxins which act as potent protein synthesis inhibitors in eukaryotic organisms. the compound 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol is highly toxic for plants and animals. potatoes are especially prone to be contaminated with 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol after infection with <i>fusarium sambucinum</i>. in the current study, the reduction of 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol during thermal treatment in aqueous solution was monitored. a new derivative was detected and named das-m1. ... | 2011 | 21800832 |
| [not available]. | investigation into virulence and mycotoxin formation of the dry rot causing pathogen fusarium sambucinum on potatos 11 strains offusarium sambucinum were isolated from tubers with dry rot symptoms from three different depots in the land brandenburg and saxony-anhalt. all isolates produced diacetoxyscripenol in artificially infected potato tubers. additionally, two isolates produced t-2 and ht-2 toxins as well. the virulence and mycotoxin formation of the isolates was dependent on the potato vari ... | 2007 | 23605911 |
| effect of water activity on the production of volatile organic compounds by muscodor albus and their effect on three pathogens in stored potato. | muscodor albus (xylariaceae, ascomycetes) isolate cz-620 produces antimicrobial volatile organic compounds (voc), which appear to have potential for the control of various postharvest diseases. the effect of water activity (aw) on the production of voc by m. albus culture, and their inhibitory effects on the growth of three pathogens of potato tuber (fusarium sambucinum, helminthosporium solani, and pectobacterium atrosepticum) and the development of diseases caused by the three pathogens (dry r ... | 2010 | 21354528 |
| toxigenicity of enniatins from western australian fusarium species to brine shrimp (artemia franciscana). | the high prevalence (14 of 24 isolates) of enniatin-producing isolates from western australian fusarium species isolated from pasture legumes associated with sheep feed refusal and rat deaths, and the high toxicity of their crude extracts to brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) from a previous study warranted further investigation of this class of mycotoxin. crude extracts from fusarium acuminatum, fusarium avenaceum, fusarium tricinctum and fusarium sambucinum, along with enniatins a, a1, b and b ... | 2011 | 21352844 |
| fusarium sambucinum asta gene expressed during potato infection is a functional orthologue of aspergillus nidulans asta. | sulfate assimilation plays a vital role in prototrophic organisms. orthologues of the alternative sulfate transporter (asta) gene from aspergillus nidulans were identified in the fungal plant pathogens fusarium sambucinum and fusarium graminearum. by physiological and biochemical analyses, the asta orthologues were determined to be able to uptake sulfate from the environment. similarly to asta in a. nidulans, the fsasta gene was found to be regulated by sulfur metabolite repression (smr) in a su ... | 2015 | 25986548 |
| synthesis of novel tetrazole derivatives and evaluation of their antifungal activity. | with the appearance of the antifungal resistance, novel antifungal agents need to be identified. in this context new 2,5-disubstituted tetrazole derivatives containing benzothiazole, benzoxazole or phenylsulfonyl moiety were synthesized by n-alkylation of aryltetrazole with 2-[(3-chloropropyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-benzothiazole or 2-[(3-chloropropyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-benzoxazole and michael-type addition of aryltetrazole to phenyl vinyl sulfone. the chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were conf ... | 2016 | 27745991 |
| production of a new tetracyclic triterpene sulfate metabolite sambacide by solid-state cultivated fusarium sambucinum b10.2 using potato as substrate. | the aim of this work is to explore integracide analogues from secondary metabolites of microorganisms. a new tetracyclic triterpene sulfate was produced by solid-state fermentation (ssf) with fusarium sambucinum b10.2. the tetracyclic triterpene sulfate was identified as (3s,5r,10s,11s,12s,13r,17r,20r)-4,4-dimethylergosta-8,14,24-triene-3,11,12-triol-12-acetate, 3-sulfate on the basis of hresims, nmr and electronic circular dichroism (ecd) spectra and named sambacide (1). the antibacterial and a ... | 2016 | 27406717 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of galactose oxidase of fusarium sambucinum in e. coli. | a gene encoding a galactose oxidase (galox) was isolated from fusarium sambucinum cultures and overexpressed in escherichia coli yielding 4.4mg enzyme per l of growth culture with a specific activity of 159umg(-1). by adding a c-terminal his-tag the enzyme could be easily purified with a single affinity chromatography step with high recovery rate (90%). the enzyme showed a single band on sds-page with an apparent molecular mass of 68.5kda. the ph optimum for the oxidation of galactose was in the ... | 2015 | 25543085 |
| analysis of esterase zymograms of fusarium sambucinum and related species. | esterase zymograms were obtained following polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis of protein extracts fusarium sambucinum and related species originating from different geographic locations and different matrices. the sites of esterase activity were recorded, and the rfs were calculated. the data were used for the construction of phenograms by cluster analysis and nonlinear mapping by computerized classification techniques. the fifteen isolates of f. sambucinum, the eight isolates of f. torulos ... | 1995 | 7566053 |
| differentiation of fusarium sambucinum fuckel sensu lato and related species by rapd pcr. | dna polymorphisms generated by the random amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction (rapd pcr) were used to analyse 41 isolates investigated in the european fusarium sambucinum project (efsp). employing ten arbitrary (10-mer) oigonucleotides and simple repeat sequences (m13, (gaca)4) as single primers, informative banding patterns typical for identifying european populations of fusarium sambucinum fuckel s. str., f. torulosum (berk. & curt.) nirenberg and f. venenatum nirenberg were ob ... | 1995 | 7566052 |
| chemical composition and antifungal properties of essential oils of three pistacia species. | the chemical composition of essential oils obtained from the leaves of pistacia vera, pistacia terebinthus, pistacia lentiscus and the resin of pistacia lentiscus were analyzed by gc and gc-ms. alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol and alpha-terpineol were found to be the major components. the antifungal activities of the above oils and p. lentiscus resin (total, acidic and neutral fractions) against the growth of three agricultural pathogens, pythium ultimum, rhizoctonia solani and ... | 2003 | 12628418 |
| bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent by a novel fungal consortium isolated from polluted soil. | two basidiomycetous fungi (merulius aureus syn. phlebia sp. and an unidentified genus) and a deuteromycetous fungus (fusarium sambucinum fuckel mtcc 3788) were isolated from soils affected with effluents of a pulp and paper mill over several years. these isolates were immobilized on nylon mesh and the consortium was used for bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent in a continuously aerated bench-top bioreactor. the treatment resulted in the reduction of color, lignin and cod of the efflue ... | 2007 | 17208440 |
| diacetoxyscirpenol production by fusarium sambucinum strain kf 735 on solid and liquid media. | the yield of diacetoxyscirpenol (das) production by f. sambucinum strain no kf 735, isolated from potato tuber with dry rot symptoms, cultured on solid media and on liquid medium, has been examined.the amount of das produced within 28 days at 25°c in the cultures grown on solid media (wheat, rye, rice, oats, corn, barley, triticale and malt) reached 238mg/kg±9 to 789±16mg/kg (mean ± standard error; n=3), on potato cubes -55±3mg/kg and on the potato extract -147±5mg/dcm(3).the best substracts for ... | 1991 | 23605734 |
| preparation of 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol from cultures of fusarium sambucinum nrrl 13495. | filtrates of fusarium sambucinum nrrl 13495 grown in a stagnant culture for 9 days contained up to 458 +/- 60 (mean +/- standard error; n = 3) mg of 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol per liter depending on culture conditions. extraction with ethyl acetate, chromatography on a column of silica gel, and crystallization from mixtures of ethyl acetate and hexane provided pure material in 96% yield. | 1987 | 3566274 |
| preparation of scirpentriol and triacetoxyscirpenol in good yield from cultures of fusarium sambucinum nrrl 13495. | crude extracts of filtrates of cultures of fusarium sambucinum nrrl 13495 were acetylated or hydrolyzed. after chromatography on cartridge columns of silica gel and recrystallization three times from mixtures of ethyl acetate and hexane, 3,4,15-triacetoxyscirpenol (435 +/- 10 mg/liter of filtrate; mean +/- standard error [n = 3]) and the parent alcohol scirpentriol were isolated (261 +/- 29 mg/liter of filtrate; mean +/- standard error [n = 3]) in 68 and 53% yield for a 130- and 14-fold improvem ... | 1987 | 3566273 |
| [lipid composition of fusarium sambucinum grown in a fermenter on media with different carbon sources]. | the object of this work was to study the effect of media containing different carbon sources on the content of lipids and their fractions in the fungus fusarium sambucinum grown in a fermenter. molassa and ethanol were carbon sources. from 15.0 to 16.5% of lipids were found to be accumulated in the fungal mycelium. the content of neutral lipids varied from 47.3 to 68%. the fraction of neutral lipids was shown to contain fatty acid esters apart from sterols, triglycerides, free fatty acids and es ... | 2006 | 6482751 |
| [effect of temperature on diacetoxyscirpenol production and on sporulation in a liquid culture of fusarium sambucinum]. | f. sambucinum grown for 14 days on peptone supplemented czapek medium produced higher amount of diacetoxyscirpenol at + 15 degrees c than at + 25 degrees c or at temperature kept successively at + 15 degrees c (day) and + 5 degrees c (night). there was no correlation between the spores number and the toxin level, but toxin synthesis began only with sporification and then continued until the 14th day. | 1984 | 6241024 |
| morphological differentiation of fusarium sambucinum fuckel sensu stricto, f. torulosum (berk. & curt.) nirenberg comb. nov. and f. venenatum nirenberg sp. nov. | within fusarium sambucinum fuckel sensu lato three species were differentiated: f. sambucinum fuckel s. str., f. torulosum (berk. et curt.) nirenberg comb. nov. and f. venenatum nirenberg sp. nov. they are described and illustrated in detail. | 1995 | 7566048 |
| [peptide-containing fraction from a culture medium of fusarium sambucinum: composition and biological effects]. | the culture fluid of the fungus fusarium sambucinum was investigated for the presence of new peptide-containing bioregulators, previously identified in various mammalian and plant tissues. a fraction containing peptides with molecular weights from 1000 to 2000 da, which exhibited specific membranotropic activity and a number of physical and chemical properties characteristic of this group of bioregulators, was obtained. the effects of this fraction on the model roller organotypic cultivation of ... | 2014 | 25272735 |
| enniatin production by fusarium sambucinum: primary, secondary, and unitary metabolism. | fusarium sambucinum liquid surface cultures on semi-defined medium with glucose as carbon source passed through well-defined phases corresponding to trophophase, idiophase (enniatin production), and a degenerative phase. all the glucose was consumed by day 6, at which time the mycelial dry weight had reached only half its maximum. when glucose was replaced by lactose, there was no separation of trophophase and idiophase. enniatin production, dry weight, and sugar and nitrogen consumption were in ... | 1975 | 234512 |
| production of enniatins by fusarium sambucinum: selection of high-yield conditions from liquid surface cultures. | | 1974 | 4853885 |
| properties of sambucinin, an antituberculous substance derived from fusarium sambucinum fuckel. | | 1959 | 13628244 |
| the fungal acl1 and acl2 genes encode two polypeptides with homology to the n- and c-terminal parts of the animal atp citrate lyase polypeptide. | atp citrate lyase (acl) catalyzes the formation of cytosolic acetyl-coa, which is mainly used for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols. in this paper, we show for the first time that in filamentous fungi two different subunits of acl are encoded by two separate genes. this is in contrast to animals where acl is encoded by a single gene. data are presented on acl genes from the filamentous fungi sordaria macrospora and gibberella pulicaris. in s. macrospora, both genes, acl1 and acl2, are ... | 2000 | 10794176 |
| induction of a polyubiquitin gene (ubi1) by potato phytoalexins and heat shock in gibberella pulicaris. | gibberella pulicaris, a causal agent of potato dry rot, infects potato tubers via wounds, where it is exposed to the phytoalexins rishitin and lubimin. incubation of mycelium on agar supplemented with phytoalexins transiently induced the transcription of a polyubiquitin gene consisting of four ubiquitin units arranged head to tail; the fourth unit contains a 54-bp intron and an additional glutamine at the c-terminus of the encoded protein. southern analysis of the g. pulicaris genome revealed on ... | 1998 | 9871124 |
| effects of antagonist cell concentration and two-strain mixtures on biological control of fusarium dry rot of potatoes. | abstract eighteen bacterial strains were individually assayed against gibberella pulicaris (5 x 10(5) conidia per ml) by coinoculating antagonist and pathogen in wounds in cv. russet burbank potatoes. all antagonist concentrations (10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) cfu/ml) decreased disease (38 to 76% versus control, p < 0.05). when four strains were assayed at 11 concentrations (range 10(5) to 10(8) cfu/ml) against g. pulicaris, linear regression of the log-dose, log-response data was significant for all ... | 1997 | 18945139 |
| gibberella pulicaris transformants: state of transforming dna during asexual and sexual growth. | a genetically fertile, trichothecene-producing plant pathogen, gibberella pulicaris (fusarium sambucinum), was transformed with three different vectors: coshyg1, puch1, and pdh25. all three vectors carry hph (encoding hygromycin b phosphotransferase) as the selectable marker. transformation frequency was 0.03 transformants per mumg of dna for pdh25 and 0.5 for puch1 or coshyg1. the vector dna sequences integrated at different sites into the fungal genome. transformants were classified into three ... | 1993 | 8467533 |
| ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacers are highly divergent in the phytopathogenic ascomycete fusarium sambucinum (gibberella pulicaris). | variation within the internal transcribed spacers (its1 and its2) and 5.8s ribosomal dna gene of the heterothallic phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, fusarium sambucinum (teleomorph = gibberella pulicaris), was examined in 86 strains from diverse geographical locations by pcr amplification and direct sequencing in order to measure intraspecific divergence within the its region. sequence analysis revealed three its types (a, b, c), within which divergence was extremely low (0-2.3%). surprisingly ... | 1992 | 1525873 |
| genetic and mutational tools for investigating the genetics and molecular biology of trichothecene production in gibberella pulicaris (fusarium sambucinum). | gibberella pulicaris (fusarium sambucinum) is a promising organism for studying the genetics and regulation of trichothecene biosynthesis; conditions for obtaining fertile crosses have been defined (desjardins & beremand, 1987) and crosses between natural variants have provided some information about the number, location, arrangement, and role of genes which determine trichothecene production (desjardins & beremand, 1987; beremand & desjardins, 1988). the development of some additional experimen ... | 1989 | 2615795 |
| ultrastructural alterations in fusarium sambucinum and heterobasidion annosum treated with aluminum chloride and sodium metabisulfite. | aluminum chloride (alcl(3)) and sodium metabisulfite (na(2)s(2)o(5)) have received increasing attention as antifungal agents for the control of plant diseases. in an effort to understand their toxic action on fungi, ultrastructural changes and membrane damage in fusarium sambucinum (ascomycota) and heterobasidion annosum (basidiomycota) in response to salt exposure was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. conidial membrane damage was quantified using sytox green stain, which only ... | 2009 | 19159309 |
| the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, glomus irregulare, controls the mycotoxin production of fusarium sambucinum in the pathogenesis of potato. | trichothecenes are an important family of mycotoxins produced by several species of the genus fusarium. these fungi cause serious disease on infected plants and postharvest storage of crops, and the toxins can cause health problems for humans and animals. unfortunately, there are few methods for controlling mycotoxin production by fungal pathogens, and most rely on chemicals, creating therefore subsequent problems of chemical resistance. we tested the impact of the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhiz ... | 2013 | 23964970 |
| the effect and action mechanisms of oligochitosan on control of stem dry rot of zanthoxylum bungeanum. | in this report, the effects of two oligochitosans, i.e., oligochitosan a (ocha) and oligochitosan b (ochb), on control of dry rot of zanthoxylum bungeanum (z. bungeanum) caused by fusarium sambucinum (f. sambucinum) were evaluated. first, both oligochitosans show desirable ability to decrease the infection of f. sambucinum. second, the oligochitosans strongly inhibit the radial colony and submerged biomass growth of f. sambucinum. lastly, these oligochitosans are capable of increasing the activi ... | 2016 | 27376270 |
| [biosynthesis of 4,15-diacetylnivalenol by fusarium sambucinum fuckel var. minus]. | fusarium sambucinum fuckel var. minus isolate produced unusual for f. sambucinum fuckel trichothecene metabolite 4,15-diacetylnivalenol (9 mg/l) in conditions of deep cultivation on myro medium. this compound was identified by tlc, glc, hplc, and 1n mr spectroscopy. other trichothecenes, 4-acetylnivalenol (3 mg/l) and nivalenol (1 mg/l), were also found in the culture. the observed feature of the studied isolate is assumed to be due to the presence of an additional gene, which encodes cytochrome ... | 2016 | 21442920 |
| independent and synergistic activity of synthetic peptides against thiabendazole-resistant fusarium sambucinum. | abstract two heptapeptides with broad antifungal activity were identified and assessed for their ability to act synergistically with thiabendazole. the hexapeptide 66-10 was the progenitor of the heptapeptides and exhibited minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 9.3 to 9.8 mug/ml for thiabendazole (tbz) resistant fusarium sambucinum strains (mic of 186 to 312 mug/ml). heptapeptide derivatives 77-3 and 77-12 exhibited mics between 3.8 and 7.5 mug/ml against the same strains. incubation of co ... | 2002 | 18942972 |
| response surface models to predict potato tuber infection by fusarium sambucinum from duration of wetness and temperature, and dry rot lesion expansion from storage time and temperature. | dry rot (fusarium sambucinum) of potatoes causes significant yield loss in storage and may also produce mycotoxins. disease dynamics of dry rot development in potato tubers after harvest was studied and modeled. potato tubers were surface sterilized, wounded, inoculated with a spore suspension of f. sambucinum and incubated in mist chambers placed in growth chambers at 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 degrees c. after 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation five tubers from each treatment were removed, dried a ... | 2002 | 12038574 |
| purification of d-hydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase from fusarium sambucinum. | | 2000 | 10989438 |
| production of volatile sesquiterpenes by fusarium sambucinum strains with different abilities to synthesize trichothecenes. | twenty-five strains of fusarium sambucinum grown on wheat kernels were examined for trichothecene production and the synthesis of volatile sesquiterpenes. the volatiles were purged with air and collected on tenax traps. adsorbed compounds were eluted from the traps and injected into a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer. ten strains isolated from potato tubers produced high amounts of diacetoxyscirpenol and its derivatives. these strains were characterized by the production of hig ... | 1995 | 8526491 |
| sambutoxin-producing isolates of fusarium species and occurrence of sambutoxin in rotten potato tubers. | a total of 50 fusarium isolates representing 13 species from various sources were surveyed to determine their potential to produce sambutoxin. sambutoxin production was restricted to fusarium sambucinum and f. oxysporum, with the exception of one isolate of f. semitectum. sambutoxin was produced by high percentages of f. sambucinum (80.0%) and f. oxysporum (84.6%) isolates at levels of 1.1 to 101.0 (mu)g/g. in addition, 9 (42.9%) of 21 rotten potato samples were contaminated with sambutoxin at l ... | 1995 | 16535155 |
| fusacandins a and b; novel antifungal antibiotics of the papulacandin class from fusarium sambucinum. ii. isolation and structural elucidation. | two novel antifungal compounds of the papulacandin class, named fusacandins a and b, have been isolated from fusarium sambucinum. each compound contains two units of galactose and one of glucose, the latter connected as a c-glycoside to an aromatic moiety. fusacandin a is esterified at two sites with long-chain, unsaturated fatty acids and fusacandin b at only one site. the structures of the fusacandins were elucidated through analysis of mass spectral and 1-d and 2-d homonuclear and heteronucle ... | 1995 | 7649857 |
| toxicity of fusarium sambucinum fuckel sensu lato to brine shrimp. | in a screening test seven fusarium strains out of 17 proved to be toxic towards brine shrimp. among these, four f. sambucinum strains as well as three f. venenatum isolates caused toxic effects. the chemical screening by tlc analysis revealed the presence of sambucinol and diacetoxyscirpenol in the extracts of the toxic isolates of f. venenatum 64537. | 1995 | 7566054 |
| computer-aided morphometrical analysis of macroconidia in fusarium sambucinum fuckel sensu lato strains. | forty-one strains of fusarium sambucinum fuckel sensu lato were classified on the basis of morphological data of the macroconidia obtained by automated microscopic image analysis. the classification factors were determined in six fusarium strains of the section discolor. the results show the relative homogeneity within the groups proposed by nirenberg. a remarkable difference could be detected especially between the groups f. sambucinum, f. torulosum and f. sambucinum sensu lato on the one hand ... | 1995 | 7566049 |
| introduction. the european fusarium sambucinum project. | | 1995 | 7566047 |
| [biosynthesis of enniatin by washed cells of fusarium sambucinum]. | biosynthesis of the depsipeptide membrane ionophore--enniatin b by the washed mycelium fusarium sambucinum fuck 52 377 was studied. metabolic precursors of enniatin b, alpha-ketovaleric acid, 14c-l-valine, and 14ch3-methionine, were added to the system after starvation. the amino acid content in the metabolic pool increased 1.5 times after addition of alpha-ketovaleric acid, 2.2 times after that of valine, and 2.5 times after addition of methionine. 14c-l-valine and 14ch3-methionine were incorpo ... | 2013 | 583180 |
| [enniatin b synthesis by a fusarium sambucinum fuck culture]. | three fungal strains belonging to the genus fusarium lk. ex. fr. (f. sambucinum fuck. 52377, f. avenaceum (fr. sacc.) 52311, f. gibbosum app. et. wr. emend bilai 52021) whcih form 800-1200 mg of enniatin b per litre during submerged cultivation have been selected. the morphology of f. sambucinum 52377 in the course of growth and production of enniatin b on the selected medium is described. the maximum accumulation of the product is found at the stationary growth phase. the active accumulation of ... | 2013 | 580630 |
| a fungal symbiont of plant-roots modulates mycotoxin gene expression in the pathogen fusarium sambucinum. | fusarium trichothecenes are fungal toxins that cause disease on infected plants and, more importantly, health problems for humans and animals that consume infected fruits or vegetables. unfortunately, there are few methods for controlling mycotoxin production by fungal pathogens. in this study, we isolated and characterized sixteen fusarium strains from naturally infected potato plants in the field. pathogenicity tests were carried out in the greenhouse to evaluate the virulence of the strains o ... | 2011 | 21455305 |
| physiological and molecular characterization of compost bacteria antagonistic to soil-borne plant pathogens. | disease suppressive composts have the potential to mitigate the risks associated with chemical pesticides. one of the main characteristics responsible for the suppressive nature of composts is their microbiological populations. to gain insight into the determinants responsible for their suppressive effects, we assayed composts to (i) isolate and identify beneficial antagonistic bacteria, (ii) quantify their antifungal and anti-oomycetal activities, (iii) extract inhibitory compounds produced by ... | 2017 | 28178423 |
| structural characterization of oligochitosan elicitor from fusarium sambucinum and its elicitation of defensive responses in zanthoxylum bungeanum. | oligosaccharide elicitors from pathogens have been shown to play major roles in host plant defense responses involving plant-pathogen chemoperception and interaction. in the present study, chitosan and oligochitosan were prepared from pathogen fusarium sambucinum, and their effects on infection of zanthoxylum bungeanum stems were investigated. results showed that oligochitosan inhibited the infection of the pathogen, and that the oligochitosan fraction with a degree of polymerization (dp) betwee ... | 2016 | 27973408 |