| uptake and efflux of succinic acid by uninduced mycelium of claviceps purpurea. | claviceps purpurea prl 1980 grew on partially dissociated succinic acid (ph 4) but not on fully dissociated succinic acid (ph 7.2). myeclium suspended in 42 mm solution of partially ionized succinic acid (ph 4; 60.1% nonionized, 39% monoanion, and 0.9% dianion, k+ salt) over a period of 25 min accumulated more succinic acid carbon than mycelium suspended in highly ionized solution (ph 6.8; 0.01% nonionized, 4.8% monoanion, and 95% dianion). the greater accumulation from partially ionized solutio ... | 1976 | 4211 |
| the cellular role of nitrogen in the biosynthesis of alkaloids by submerged culture of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. | asparagine was a superior nitrogen source for clavine-alkaloid production in claviceps purpurea. its transport into the cell excedded the cell's biosynthetic need for this amino acid. asparagine entered the cell without degradation. this disturbed the relative pool sizes of various amino acids resulting in a change in the genetically determined ratio at which amino acids were utilized for protein synthesis. overproduction of alkaloids (4500 mug.ml-1) may be associated with increased availability ... | 1977 | 17458 |
| fine structural localization of alkaloid synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum of submerged claviceps purpurea. | acetyl coenzyme a (coa) carboxylase (ec 6.4.1.2), an enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of malonyl-coa, was cytochemically localized in endoplasmic reticulum (er) of sclerotia-like cells of submerged claviceps purpurea tul. producing clavine alkaloids. the enzymic activity was structurally bound in unit membranes of er strands which, later on, evolved into vacuoles containing lipoprotein material. the reaction product was absent from er in nonvacuolized filamentous hyphae and ovoid asexual spores c ... | 1978 | 29585 |
| electron-microscopic localization of acetyl coenzyme a carboxylase in cells of claviceps purpurea. | | 1979 | 42633 |
| production of alkaloids and differentiation in a submerged culture of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. | the submerged culture of the claviceps purpurea strain studied was polymorphous. in the process of alkaloid synthesis, cytodifferentiation preceded biochemical differentiation. the onset of the alkaloid phase was characterized by: predominance of chlamydospores in the culture, the presence of vegetative cells with reduced or arrested proliferation, maximum acetylcoa carboxylase activity, the maximum amount of total fatty acids, an over-average cell pool tryptophan level and minimum tryptophan sy ... | 1975 | 240760 |
| a simple method for preparing specimens of claviceps purpurea for scanning electron microscopy. | the method is a modification of freeze-drying and includes also a simultaneous coating during rotation. it utilizes a common vacuum coating apparatus with a modified miniature electric motor. the cells of c. purpurea in the resulting specimen retain their original shape. | 1978 | 356478 |
| [interaction between alkaloids of claviceps purpurea and development of some bacteria and bacteriophages. preliminary experiments]. | it has been tested the bacteriolytic activity and the interaction among the development of the bacteriophage t4 and ergot alkaloids. it has been determined a bacteriolytic action on the bacterial stub "e. coli host of bacteriophage t4. it exist an interaction also among such alkaloids and the development of the bacteriophage t4, which appears through an increase of the quantity of lysis areas, becoming evident in solid bodies containing the lysing bacterium. further researches with other bacteri ... | 1979 | 400107 |
| directed biosynthesis of analogues of ergot peptide alkaloids with claviceps purpurea. | analogues of peptide ergot alkaloids can be obtained by feeding a producing culture of claviceps purpurea with an analogue of one of the amino acids of the peptide chain of the alkaloid. | 1978 | 581667 |
| fine structure of imbibed sclerotial cells of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul revealed by freeze-etching. | the fine structure of the cortex of the natural sclerotium of claviceps purpurea was studied. the cell wall of sclerotial cells is thickened due to overproduction of the fibrillar component of the wall. the intracellular spaces of the cortex tissue form a continuous system which is apparently instrumental in mediating communication between the growing sclerotium and the external milieu. the cytoplasmic membrane of imbibed sclerotial cells carriers abundant signs of secretory activity. secretion ... | 1978 | 664755 |
| [strain and milieu specific amino acid patterns of claviceps purpurea during saprophytic cultivation]. | | 1978 | 676353 |
| microcycle sporulation in the claviceps purpurea 244. | the mutant strain claviceps purpurea 244 forming hyphae composed mainly from sclerotium-like cells was found to sporulate both in liquid and solid media, particularly in the form of terminal chlamydospores (4.0 x 6.5 micrometer). chlamydospores produced during submerged cultivation germinated, new chlamydospores being formed directly from germ tubes, or, occasionally, conidia (the so-called microcycle) or new vegetative mycelium were formed. the ultrastructures of the chlamydospores and vegetati ... | 1978 | 700525 |
| fungal exudates. | the exudates or liquid droplets on various structures of a number of fungi were examined. the droplets were enveloped in membranous material and were associated with actively growing mycelia, including fruiting structures. osmium tetroxide vapour-fixed droplets of claviceps purpurea, myrothecium roridum, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sclerotium rolfsii, and thanathephorus cucumeris did not dry to a powder but remained intact as spheres when freeze-dried. fractured spheres, examined with the scanning ... | 1978 | 728849 |
| [differences in proline metabolism of a peptide alkaloid producing and a nonproducing strain of claviceps purpurea]. | two strains (pepty 695 and pur 221) of claviceps purpurea have been used to study the dependence of proline turnover on incubation time (1, 3, 6, and 12 hours) under different culture conditions (synthetic saccharose-citrate medium nl 720 and complex wort medium m 107) by means of tracer technique. in the saprophytically ergotoxine producing strain pepty 695 the proline is utilized in the protein and alkaloid biosyntheses. on the other hand, under non-producing conditions (m 10) the radioactivit ... | 1978 | 735169 |
| variability of requirements to fermentation media in claviceps purpurea strains. | the alkaloid-synthesizing activity of the saprophytic claviceps purpurea strains was variable. this fact was partly due to different requirements of the cultures to nutritional conditions. not only single strains, but also formation of intra- and extracellular alkaloids differed in this respect. in case of extracellular alkaloids, the influence of medium was more expressive. a positive correlation between accumulation of cell polysaccharides and the level of intracellular alkaloids was evident. ... | 1978 | 735508 |
| electron-cytochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase in saprophytic claviceps purpurea. | p-nitrophenylphosphate in combination with lead salt technique was used for the cytochemical localization of acid phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.2) in saprophytic submerged culture of claviceps purpurea tul. the lead reaction product was found in capsular fibrils, in the newly formed parts of the cell wall and in the vacuoles of aged cells (autolysosomes). phosphatase activity was present also in particulate intra-cytoplasmatic organelles. the concentric layering of lead deposits in these organelles indi ... | 1977 | 836124 |
| further studies concerning the toxicity of ingested ergot sclerotia (claviceps purpurea) to young and growing pigs. | in three experiments pigs were offered diets contaminated with milled ergot sclerotia. in a metabolism study 0-5 per cent (w/w) of american wheat ergot decreased urinary nitrogen losses and improved the efficiency of nitrogen retention. when early weaned piglets ingested a diet contaminated with 2-5 per cent of the ergot, feed intake was reduced and growth rate decreased. reduction in growth rate was also evident in growing pigs given a diet containing ergotised english wheat. these latter pigs ... | 1977 | 860090 |
| purification and properties of anthranilate synthetase from the ergot fungus, claviceps spec., strain sd 58. | a three-enzyme complex containing anthranilate synthetase, phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase and indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthetase was partially purified from claviceps spec., strain sd 58. the anthranilate synthetase activity of the enzyme complex was quite unstable unless glutamine, mgcl2, tris and, most importantly, glycerol were included in the extraction buffer. the three-enzyme complex showed a molecular weight of 400,000 when estimated using sephadex gel filtration, and a molecul ... | 1977 | 875641 |
| the relationship between conidiation and alkaloid production in saprophytic strains of claviceps purpurea. | a direct relationship between alkaloid synthesis and conidia formation was observed in a series of mutants of the saprophytic fungus claviceps purpurea 129 which produces high quantities of clavine alkaloids (4500 microgram-ml-1). sclerotia-like mutants forming mostly arthrospores and only a low number of conidiospores were exceptional in that they were characterized by an inverse relationship between alkaloid synthesis and conidial formation. conidiospores of the parent strain 129 differed both ... | 1977 | 907914 |
| differentiation of claviceps purpurea in axenic culture. | the growth form of a strain of claviceps purpurea in axenic culture has been controlled by the amino nitrogen source. within the pairs asparagine/aspartic acid or glutamine/glutamic acid the amide promoted sphacelial growth of the colony whereas the acid supported differentiation of plectenchymatic sclerotial tissue and synthesis of ergot alkaloids. sclerotial colonies showed purple pigmentation. the mycelium had a greater lipid content, rich in ricinoleic acid, and sporulation was much less tha ... | 1976 | 932681 |
| production of beta-ergokryptine by a strain of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. in submerged culture. | | 1976 | 946792 |
| a method of preparation and application of nitrous acid as a mutagen in claviceps purpurea. | a simple and speedy procedure is described for the preparation and application of nitrous acid in mutagenic experiments. the conventional incubation mixture of sodium nitrite solution with acetate buffer is replaced by an aqueous solution of nitrous acid prepared by running a solution of sodium nitrite through a column of ion exchange. the procedure eliminates also the interference of other substances. experimental appraisal of the technique was done during the mutagenic improval of the fungus ... | 1976 | 992505 |
| ergot alkaloids. vi. nitrogen metabolism during the development of sclerotium of claviceps purpurea. | the developmental transition of ergot from the sphacelial to the sclerotial phase is accompanied by marked changes in morphology, growth and metabolism. the production of alkaloids is paralleled by a concomitant protein synthesis, a decline in the contents of both total n and p, and an attendant rise in the value of the n/p ratio. the total level of free amino acids drops with proceeding development of the sclerotium. the most conspicuous drop, observed at the beginning of the production phase, ... | 1976 | 992506 |
| [morphological changes of claviceps purpurea induced by the mutagenic effect of nitrous acid (author's transl)]. | | 1976 | 1005542 |
| carbon assimilation by claviceps purpurea growing as a parasite. | carbon assimilation by claviceps purpurea, growing as a parasite on cereals, has been investigated by supplying the host plant with 14co2 in a closed system. the presence of the pathogen induced the plant to exude photosynthate which contained high levels of sucrose. during the period of 14co2 supply, 14c was incorporated into the sucrose and so the path of carbon into the parasite could be traced. hexoses, derived by the action of the fungal sucrase on sucrose, were assimilated by the pathogen ... | 1976 | 1011013 |
| cytochemical detection of polysaccharides on the surface of the cell membrane complex in fungi. | cytochemical staining in toto (periodic acid, thiosemicarbazide, oso4) revealed the presence of polysaccharide lamellae on the surface of the cell membrane complex of fungi. the membraneous clusters in the vacuolar bodies of claviceps purpurea were covered with these lamellae at both surfaces, as it was also the case with the endoplasmic reticulum membranes, the tonoplast and the cytoplasmic membrane. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, the polysaccharide lamellae were visible on the surface of the end ... | 1975 | 1098601 |
| [use of uv-rays in the improvement of strains of claviceps purpurea (fr.)tul. for parasite culture]. | | 1975 | 1139647 |
| [morphological differentiation of cells in submerged cultures of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul., producing alkaloids]. | differentiation of the cells of the submerged culture of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. was studied by electron microscopy. two types of oviform cell were found: (1) the conidia which had one nucleus and vacuolized cytoplasm and were not involved in the production of alkaloids; (2) the chlamydospores with two nuclei, homogeneous cytoplasm, and high content in lipids. the chlamydospores, like the cells of sclerotia, were found to produce alkoloids. | 1975 | 1160661 |
| metabolism of the germinating sclerotium of claviceps purpurea. | the concentration of free amino acids, particularly alanine, altered as stromata developed on germinating sclerotia. lipid reserves in the sclerotium provided the principal carbon and energy source, and the nutrients required for stomatal growth appeared to be provided by the sclerotial tissues immediately beneath the point of attachment of the stoma. alkaloid did not disappear from the sclerotia during germination. very high levels of polyol, particularly mannitol, were attained in the stromata ... | 1975 | 1176962 |
| some consequences of the ingestion by young and growing pigs of feed contaminated with ergot. | growing pigs were fed freshly milled ergot sclerotia (claviceps purpurea fr (tul)) from north american wheat containing 0-31 per cent of total alkaloids of which 30 per cent was ergotoxine, 30 per cent ergosine, 20 per cent ergotamine and 20 per cent other ergot alkaloids. pigs were induced to ingest a diet heavily contaminated with ergot (10 per cent w/w). the presence of ergot reduced feed intake and growth of the pigs, but there was no evidence of peripheral necrosis, of internal or external ... | 1976 | 1257629 |
| origin of sclerotia-like cells in submerged claviceps purpurea producing clavine alkaloids. | ultrathin sectioning of submerged mycelium of claviceps purpurea tul. producing clavine alkaloids revealed yeast-like budding resulting in asexual spores-blastospores. these deciduous spores were born by extended hyphal cells and retained the same ultrastructure of cell organelles. both the extended hyphae and the blastospores resembled the cells of ergot sclerotial tissue. a surface culture of c. purpurea tul. producing no alkaloids was used as a reference. | 1976 | 1275641 |
| alkaloids of stipa robusta (sleepygrass) infected with an acremonium endophyte. | stipa robusta (= stipa vaseyi) is a perennial grass found in certain areas of the southwestern united states. it is commonly known as sleepygrass, as horses that ingest this grass may become profoundly somnolent or stuporous for periods of time lasting up to several days. in an attempt to determine the active principle(s), fractionation of a methanolic extract of sleepygrass infected with an acremonium endophyte has yielded lysergic acid amide (20 micrograms/g dry wt), isolysergic amide (8), 8-h ... | 1992 | 1344912 |
| activation of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in prototrophic isolates by claviceps purpurea protoplast fusion. | intraspecific protoplast fusions were carried out with active ergocornine-ergokryptine and inactive ergocristine claviceps purpurea strains and vice versa. the isolated prototrophic strains from both types of crossings produced all three alkaloid types, showing that biosynthesis of distinct alkaloid was activated in an inactive partner strain. the prototrophic isolates were stable on minimal medium but they segregated by subculturing on complete medium. in comparison with the original partner st ... | 1991 | 1367573 |
| mycotoxins and reproduction in domestic livestock. | molds are parasitic plants that are ubiquitous in livestock feedstuffs. even though molds themselves reduce the quality of grains, their synthesis of chemical substances termed mycotoxins causes the greatest monetary loss to the animal industry. five major mycotoxins that impair growth and reproductive efficiency in north america are aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin, and ergot. aflatoxins are produced by aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus. consumption of grains con ... | 1992 | 1388147 |
| efficient transformation of claviceps purpurea using pyrimidine auxotrophic mutants: cloning of the omp decarboxylase gene. | a homologous transformation system was developed for the phytopathogenic fungus claviceps purpurea. orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (ompd)-deficient mutants were obtained by uv mutagenesis and selection for resistance against 5-fluoroorotate. these mutants could be complemented well by the corresponding genes of aspergillus niger (pyra) and neurospora crassa (pyr4), yielding significantly higher transformation rates (and lower copy numbers per transformant) than the phleomycin resistanc ... | 1992 | 1508154 |
| transcripts and translation products of a mitochondrial plasmid of claviceps purpurea. | expression of the linear mitochondrial (mt) plasmid pclk1 of strain k of the ascomycete claviceps purpurea was studied at the rna and protein level. using strand-specific probes two major transcripts were detected, corresponding to orf1 and orf2 of the plasmid, which most likely code for a dna-polymerase and an rna-polymerase, respectively. primer extension experiments showed that both transcripts start at identical positions from opposite sides within the terminal inverted repeat (tir). the ini ... | 1992 | 1563051 |
| purification and characterization of dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase from claviceps purpurea. | dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase (dmat synthase) catalyzes the alkylation of l-tryptophan by dimethylallyl diphosphate to form 4-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)-l-tryptophan. the enzyme from mycelia of claviceps purpurea was purified approximately 125-fold to apparent homogeneity by chromatography on n-butyl sepharose, q sepharose, phenyl sepharose, and protein pak as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). analysis by gel filtration chromatography and sds-pa ... | 1992 | 1605639 |
| linear dna plasmids of the perennial ryegrass choke pathogen, epichloë typhina (clavicipitaceae). | epichloë typhina is a clavicipitaceous ascomycete which systemically infects grasses, causes choke disease of host inflorescences, and is related to a group of mutualistic grass endophytes. three plasmids of 7.5, 2.1 and 2.0 kilobase pairs were found in mitochondrial dna preparations of an e. typhina isolate from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). results of nuclease digestion indicated that the plasmids, designated et7.5l, et2.1l, and et2.0l, were linear, double-stranded dnas with protein lin ... | 1991 | 1782678 |
| [effect of the composition of a nutrient medium on growth and synthesis of ergot alkaloids by claviceps purpurea in the saprotrophic culture]. | the impact of changes in the ratio of the medium-668 components on growth and synthesis of ergot alkaloids in saprotrophic cultures was studied with mathematical design of the experiment. medium-668 used for cultivation of strain vniia-312a-producing peptide +ergot alkaloids was shown to be balanced with respect to the ratio of all the medium components. an important role of phosphate in control of culture growth and alkaloids synthesis was elucidated. it was demonstrated that by changing the ra ... | 1991 | 1814274 |
| physiological controls and regulation of ergot alkaloid formation. | innovation and technical development of ergot alkaloids (ea) has moved closer to scientific research. circumstantial evidence presently links the initiation of ea metabolism to changes in a range of parameters--morphology, concentrations of enzymes and their substrates, nutrients and external stress. the biosynthesis of ea begins at the level of the genetic information apparatus and continues at the level of physiological expression. ea and their formation play a role in the physiology of the pr ... | 1991 | 1822834 |
| steric course of the n-methylation in the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids by claviceps purpurea. | using the chiral methyl group methodology, the methylation step in the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids catalyzed by the enzyme adomet:dimethylallyltryptophan n-methyltransferase was found to proceed with net inversion of methyl group configuration. the enzyme thus conforms to the majority of methyltransferases studied which mediate a direct sn2 transfer of the methyl group from adomet to the acceptor nucleophile in a ternary enzyme substrate complex. | 1991 | 1880714 |
| [risks related to the use of ergotamine in the therapy of hemicrania. description of a case]. | the ergotamine tartrate used for the migraine headache therapy can induce to a condition of chronic intoxication (ergotism) similar to what occurs after the ingestion of claviceps purpurea contaminated rye. the case of an italian woman affected by chronic migraine rectally treated with ergotamine showed cerebral and legs ischaemic indications--angiographically documented--vasospasm in the carotid and femoral arterial area. the withdrawal of the drug produced complete remission. it is therefore i ... | 1991 | 1947404 |
| [preservation of claviceps purpurea, the producer of peptide ergot alkaloids, by the method of freeze drying]. | a saprotrophic strain of claviceps purpurea vniia 312a, an organism producing peptide +ergot alkaloids with prolactin inhibiting activity was shown to die under lyophilization conditions. to provide long-term storage of strain 312a, l-drying or drying under vacuum from liquid state was used with success. three protective media were tested. favourable results were obtained by using 25 per cent maltose solution as a protective medium. preservation of the culture viability was accompanied by mainte ... | 1991 | 2025122 |
| hyperthermia and death in feedlot cattle associated with the ingestion of claviceps purpurea. | | 1991 | 2043090 |
| [ergot in feed--the clarification of possible ergot-related infirmity cases]. | practicing veterinarians should realize that the symptoms of ergot intoxication may differ markedly. gangrenous alterations (ears, feet, tail) as well as convulsive signs (excitability) are described as typical symptoms of ergotism. it is noteworthy that inadequate development of the udder and lactation failure may also be related to ergot contaminated diets. ergot contamination of diets is caused by grain infection with claviceps purpurea and sometimes by infection of grass and weed (in grain). ... | 1991 | 2048100 |
| [ergotism: an occasional unrecognized cause of acute ischemia of the extremities]. | vasospasm related to ergot intoxication has been recognised since the middle ages when it occurred due to ingestion of rye contaminated with claviceps purpurea. today ergotism is a rare cause of peripheral ischaemia, most often associated with ergotamine tartrate therapy for migraine headaches. recognition of the typical angiographic pattern is important, as the classic drug history may not be obtained, and the cause of the ischaemia can be overlooked. early diagnosis is important as the outcome ... | 1990 | 2111935 |
| mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi on cereal grains in western canada. | toxins occasionally present on cereal grains in the field in western canada include ergot alkaloids produced by claviceps purpurea and trichothecenes produced by fusarium species, particularly fusarium sporotrichiodes and fusarium graminearum. ht-2 toxin, t-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and deoxynivalenol are the main trichothecenes encountered. during storage of cereals, the predominant toxins and toxigenic fungi are ochratoxin a and citrinin produced by penicillium aurantiogriseum, p. chrysogen ... | 1990 | 2200591 |
| isopentenyldiphosphate:dimethylallyldiphosphate isomerase: construction of a high-level heterologous expression system for the gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae and identification of an active-site nucleophile. | isopentenyldiphosphate:dimethylallyldiphosphate isomerase (ipp isomerase) is an enzyme in isoprene metabolism which catalyzes the interconversion of the fundamental five-carbon homoallylic and allylic diphosphate building blocks for the pathway. the gene encoding ipp isomerase has recently been isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae [anderson, m. s., muehlbacher, m., street, i.p., proffitt, j., & poulter, c. d. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 19169-19175]. a heterologous expression system was constru ... | 1990 | 2223785 |
| induction of heat stress in beef cattle by feeding the ergots of claviceps purpurea. | two groups of 4 hereford steers were housed in a controlled environment room and exposed to simulated high summer temperatures. both groups were fed a barley grain and hay diet ad libitum. the barley in one diet contained 0.5% w/w ergots of claviceps purpurea. within one week of feeding the ergot diet mean rectal temperature was significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) each afternoon (up to 41 degrees c) but returned to normal overnight. elevated rectal temperature was accompanied by other sign ... | 1989 | 2590138 |
| the linear mitochondrial plasmid pclk1 of the phytopathogenic fungus claviceps purpurea may code for a dna polymerase and an rna polymerase. | plasmid pclk1, a linear mitochondrial plasmid of claviceps purpurea, was completely sequenced. the sequence contains two long open reading frames (orf1, 3291 bp; orf2, 2910 bp), and at least four smaller orfs. the potential polypeptide derived from orf1 shows homology to the family b type dna polymerases. the product of orf2 has significant homology to the mitochondrial rna polymerase of yeast and rna polymerases from bacteriophages. orf1 and orf2 show homology to urf3 and urf1 of the maize plas ... | 1989 | 2770691 |
| d-lysergic acid activation and cell-free synthesis of d-lysergyl peptides in enzyme fractions from the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. | the d-lysergic acid activating enzyme from the ergot fungus claviceps purpurea was purified to near homogeneity. it has a native mr of about 245,000 and in its denatured form is a single polypeptide chain of mr 62,000. the enzyme catalyzes the atp-pyrophosphate exchange reaction dependent on d-lysergic acid and, though much less, that dependent on dihydrolysergic acid. western blot analysis of sds electropherograms of crude protein extracts from c. purpurea using monospecific antibodies directed ... | 1988 | 2847788 |
| cutaneous ergotism in a herd of dairy calves. | weather conditions in northern illinois favored infection of pasture grasses with claviceps purpurea. a herd of 52 holstein heifers selectively grazed the seedheads of an orchard grassbromegrass pasture infected with c purpurea and were poisoned. peptide alkaloids were found in the sclerotia. clinical signs of intoxication included lameness, edema of the hind limbs, epilation, areas of skin necrosis, and diarrhea. pathologic findings included myopachynsis of arterioles in the deep dermal areas, ... | 1989 | 2921208 |
| [disease and depression of productivity in raising swine caused by mycotoxins]. | mycotoxins are natural substances, which are poisonous for man and animals. mycotoxicological investigations, carried out from 1982 to 1986, showed that aflatoxins (b1, b2, g1, g2), trichothecenes (t-2 toxin, ht-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol and deoxynivalenol) ochratoxin a and zearalenone are to be expected in feedstuffs. further, sclerotia of claviceps purpurea were found in cereals repeatedly, which demonstrates that also ergot alkaloids can be found in feedst ... | 1988 | 2966996 |
| isopentenyl-diphosphate isomerase: inactivation of the enzyme with active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors and transition-state analogues. | seven analogues of isopentenyl diphosphate (1) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (2) containing fluorine, epoxy, and ammonium functional groups irreversibly inhibited isopentenyl-diphosphate:dimethylallyl-diphosphate isomerase (ec 5.3.3.2) from the mold claviceps purpurea. inactivation kinetics, substrate protection studies, and labeling experiments demonstrated that the analogues interacted stoichiometrically with the active site of the enzyme. radioactive enzyme-inactivator complexes were stable t ... | 1988 | 3207678 |
| structural and functional analysis of mitochondrial plasmids in claviceps purpurea. | several strains of claviceps purpurea, a phytopathogenic ascomycete, contain mitochondrial (mt) plasmids in high molar excess relative to mtdna. comparative analysis of plasmids of four strains of different geographic origin revealed that all the plasmids are structurally related (size; linearity; restriction map; probably 5'-linked terminal protein; terminal inverted repeats, tirs); two of them are even identical, indicating a possible mobility of these genetic entities. in strain k it was show ... | 1988 | 3226422 |
| multistep reactions with immobilized microorganisms. | this review presents some examples of new semicontinuous and continuous processes for product formation and for degradation of xenobiotics with immobilized microorganisms. a semicontinuous process for glycerol formation with saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, adsorbed on sintered glass, and a continuous production of citric acid with aspergillus niger, entrapped in calcium alginate, are given as examples of the production of primary metabolites. the production of ergot alkaloids with entrapped clav ... | 1988 | 3289565 |
| effect of clomiphene on fatty acids, sterols and membrane fluidity in clavine producing claviceps purpurea strains. | clomiphene depressed the growth and enhanced clavine production of claviceps purpurea strains 129,35 and 59. mycelial content of 18:2 and 16:0 fatty acids decreased, whereas that of 18:1 and 18:0 acids increased. in the mutant strain 59 clomiphene, triadimefon and ergosterol stimulated the impaired function of chanoclavine cyclase. their effect was counteracted by plant oil. clomiphene decreased the content of total lipids (44%), triglycerides (32%), sterols (22%) and sterol/phospholipid molar r ... | 1988 | 3358759 |
| agalactica, reproductive problems and neonatal mortality in horses associated with the ingestion of claviceps purpurea. | | 1988 | 3415622 |
| proteinases of various claviceps purpurea strains. | extra- and intracellular proteinases from various claviceps purpurea strains grown in submerged culture have been studied. a maximum level of intracellular proteinases was observed on the 6th day of culture growth, whereas extracellular activity continued to increase throughout the culture growth. proteinases were purified and characterized. the ergotamine strain secreted one aspartic and two serine proteinases, whereas from the disrupted mycelium only the aspartic proteinase could be isolated. ... | 1986 | 3555474 |
| developmental studies of claviceps paspali seed cultures for the submerged production of lysergic acid derivatives. | metabolic pattern of mycelial claviceps paspali seed cultures during the submerged cultivation was established. by comparing it with conidial and mycelial claviceps purpurea strains it was found that the biosynthesis of rna, dna, and proteins followed a similar course in all claviceps strains, so the fall of rna content in mycelium may be considered a general biochemical indicator for optimally developed inoculum. but, two different patterns of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were observed one ... | 1986 | 3572742 |
| substrate regulation of elymoclavine formation by some saccharides. | regulation of the production of clavine alkaloids, especially elymoclavine, by sucrose, maltose, and mixtures of these saccharides was studied in submerged cultures of strains claviceps purpurea 129/35 and claviceps sp. sd-58. the data were statistically processed on an ec 1040 computer. fermentation medium containing sucrose (80 g/l) in combination with glucose (20 g/l) was the best for elymoclavine formation. retarded release of glucose from maltose increased the formation of elymoclavine and ... | 1987 | 3604481 |
| role of the delta 8 double bond of agroclavine in lysergic acid amide biosynthesis by claviceps purpurea. | agroclavine, given to actively-growing sclerotial tissue of a strain of claviceps purpurea which can not normally elaborate ergot alkaloids, was transformed by this tissue into lysergic acid amide with overall efficiency of approximately 40%. by contrast, festuclavine (8,9-dihydro-agroclavine) was not transformed, indicating specificity in the mechanism of lysergyl biosynthesis. | 1985 | 4018228 |
| influence of auxins on growth of claviceps purpurea (fries) tulasne in saprophytic cultures. | | 1970 | 4319875 |
| [biosynthesis of the peptide alkaloids of claviceps purpurea]. | | 1970 | 4392886 |
| tyrosine aminotransferase activity in a soluble extract of ergot fungus. | | 1971 | 4395903 |
| agroclavine hydroxylase of claviceps purpurea. | | 1971 | 4397222 |
| ergot alkaloids. v. homokaryosis of the sclerotia of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. | | 1974 | 4413271 |
| morphogenesis and ultrastructure of claviceps purpurea during submerged alkaloid formation. | criteria for morphogenetic and ultrastructural distinction between conidia and chlamydospores of a submerged culture of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. are described. both the hyphae of the sphacelia (asexual) stage and the conidia contained granular cytoplasm. cytoplasmic invaginations in vacuoles were transformed to electron-opaque bodies and disintegrated prior to germination. the budding of conidia had basipetal succession. the chlamydospores were formed by rounding up the terminal cells of fi ... | 1974 | 4436258 |
| metabolic studies on claviceps purpurea during parasitic development on rye. | | 1974 | 4436648 |
| toxin production by claviceps microcephala (bajra ergot fungus). | | 1974 | 4448506 |
| a -d-fructofuranosidase from claviceps purpurea. | evidence suggests that sucrose is the main carbon source for growth of claviceps spp. in the parasitic condition. the sucrose acts as substrate for an active beta-fructofuranosidase, produced by the fungus, which in the first instance converts the disaccharide into glucose and an oligofructoside. in this way, 50% of the glucose, supplied as sucrose, is made available to the parasite for assimilation. subsequent action of the enzyme on both sucrose and the oligofructoside leads to the release of ... | 1972 | 4643311 |
| some characteristics of tryptophan uptake in claviceps species. | tryptophan serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of alkaloids in the ergot fungus, claviceps purpurea (fries) tulasne, and also is believed to act as an inducer of the enzymes necessary for alkaloid production. the characteristics of the transport system responsible for the accumulation of tryptophan in ergot mycelium were investigated, with the goal of clarifying the complex relationships among tryptophan uptake, size of the free intracellular pool of tryptophan, and alkaloid production. t ... | 1973 | 4698208 |
| biosynthesis of ergotamine by claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. | high-yielding strains of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul, grown on a defined medium, have been used for a study of the biosynthesis of the peptide ergot alkaloid, ergotamine. l-[u-(14)c]tryptophan, dl-[2-(14)c]mevalonic acid lactone, sodium [2-(14)c]acetate, sodium [(14)c]formate and the methyl group of l-[methyl-(14)c]methionine were efficiently incorporated into the peptide alkaloids and specifically labelled the ergoline moiety of ergotamine. these results are the same as previously found for th ... | 1973 | 4723222 |
| uptake and metabolism of succinic acid by washed mycelium of claviceps purpurea. | | 1973 | 4725967 |
| [incorporation of (u- 3 h)-labelled dihydrochanoclavine into the tetracyclic ergoline ring system of ergot alkaloids in claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1972 | 5049568 |
| physiological activities of ergoline alkaloids in submerged cultures of claviceps paspali and claviceps purpurea. | | 1972 | 5069255 |
| comparative metabolism of claviceps purpurea in vivo and in vitro. | | 1972 | 5076668 |
| [dihydrochanoclavines, partial synthesis and biochemical cyclization in claviceps purpurea tol]. | | 1971 | 5122940 |
| [on the formation of novel lysergic acid derivatives in a type of claviceps purpurea tulasne]. | | 1966 | 5223114 |
| hypercapsulated growth of leuconostoc mesenteroides in the sphacelial stage of claviceps purpurea. | | 1965 | 5296356 |
| ergot alkaloids. ii. on the spectrum of ergot alkaloids contained in the sclerotia of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. and claviceps paspali stev. et hall. | | 1969 | 5372898 |
| production of peptide ergot alkaloids in submerged culture by three isolates of claviceps purpurea. | three strains of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul., isolated from sclerotia grown on rye, produce under submerged conditions ergocryptine and ergotamine, ergocornine and ergosine, and ergocristine, respectively. all of the strains either lacked the ability to produce conidia or formed them sparingly, but they accumulated large quantities of lipids and sterols. the fermentations are typically divided into two phases. the first is characterized by the rapid utilization and exhaustion of the phosphate ... | 1969 | 5373678 |
| tryptophan metabolism, protein and alkaloid synthesis in saprophytic cultures of the ergot fungus (claviceps sp.). | | 1969 | 5374037 |
| [composition of alkaloids produced by claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1970 | 5451440 |
| [isolation, structure determination and quantitative determination of a new dye from claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1970 | 5455427 |
| cytochrome p-450 and alkaloid synthesis in claviceps purpurea. | | 1970 | 5457332 |
| ergotamine production and metabolism of claviceps purpurea strain 275 fi in stirred fermenters. | | 1970 | 5483646 |
| production of substituted l-tryptophans by fermentation. | claviceps purpurea has been shown to produce extracellular l-tryptophan from indole in stirred fermentors. the substrate specificity of this conversion was investigated by using substituted indoles, anthranilic acid, and 4-chloro-anthranilic acid. addition of 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-methyl indole or 6-chloroindole to c. purpurea c1m produced the corresponding substituted l-tryptophan. in contrast, addition of l-methyl, 6-trifluoromethyl, 6-nitro-, or 4-benzyloxy-substituted indoles, or anthranilic ... | 1971 | 5574318 |
| uptake of 14c-labelled succinate, l(+)-dihydroxysuccinate, l-monohydroxysuccinate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and d-glucose by washed mycelium of claviceps purpurea. | | 1971 | 5576434 |
| improved medium for saprophytic production of ergot alkaloids by claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. | | 1971 | 5580688 |
| [first discovery of a wild form of claviceps purpurea on paspalum]. | | 1967 | 5584641 |
| [on the demethylation of n-methylchanoclavin-(i) by claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1967 | 5599836 |
| [demethylation of n-methylchanoclavin-(i) by claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1967 | 5623940 |
| simultaneous assimilation and respiration of exogenous 2, 3-14c-succinate and exogenous glucose by ergot alkaloid producing cultures of claviceps purpurea. | | 1968 | 5649664 |
| preparation of inoculum from sclerotia of the ascomycete claviceps purpurea. | | 1968 | 5658990 |
| biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids: formation of 4-dimethylallyltryptophan by the ergot fungus. | | 1968 | 5686609 |
| the ultrastructure of spores of claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. | | 1969 | 5768840 |
| clavicipitic acid, a new 4-substituted indolic amino acid obtained from submerged cultures of the ergot fungus. | | 1969 | 5794444 |
| studies on claviceps purpurea (fr.) tul. parasitic on phragmites communis trin. | | 1969 | 5806362 |
| [ergochrome, an unusual complete group of dimer dyes from claviceps purpurea (1)]. | | 1965 | 5843218 |
| [production of classical ergot alkaloids in saprophytic culture of claviceps purpurea tul]. | | 1965 | 5871578 |