| selective expression of a major allergen and cytotoxin, asp f i, in aspergillus fumigatus. implications for the immunopathogenesis of aspergillus-related diseases. | asp f i is a major 18-kda aspergillus fumigatus allergen and a member of the mitogillin family of cytotoxins. the nucleotide sequence of the asp f i gene was determined by sequencing polymerase chain reaction products amplified from a. fumigatus spore dna. the entire 678-bp dna includes an 81-bp leader sequence, preceding the n-terminal alanine codon, a 52-bp intron, and a 444-bp open reading frame, encoding a 149-amino acid protein (m(r) 16,899), which is 99% homologous to mitogillin from asper ... | 1992 | 1431110 |
| regulation of restrictocin production in aspergillus restrictus. | the production of restrictocin (a cytotoxin that specifically cleaves ribosomal rna) by cultures of aspergillus restrictus grown in liquid medium was investigated. the function of restrictocin, the method of its accumulation and the mode of resistance to restrictocin in a. restrictus are unknown. previous studies have indicated that restrictocin accumulates in the medium with culture age. these observations have been extended in this study by cloning the cdna of the res gene and using this cdna ... | 1992 | 1512574 |
| production and localization of restrictocin in aspergillus restrictus. | the production and secretion of restrictocin (a cytotoxin that cleaves ribosomal rna) by cultures of the fungus aspergillus restrictus was investigated. previous studies have indicated that restrictocin production in liquid culture coincides with the appearance of differentiated cell structures. a study of the correlation between the appearance of differentiated structures and restrictocin production was conducted with a. restrictus grown on agar medium. restrictocin was found to be associated w ... | 1992 | 1512575 |
| crystallization and preliminary characterization of mitogillin, a ribosomal ribonuclease from aspergillus restrictus. | mitogillin is a ribonuclease secreted by the fungus aspergillus restrictus. the substrate for mitogillin is a short, universally conserved, sequence in ribosomal rna. cleavage of this sequence inactivates protein synthesis. mitogillin was crystallized by a two-chamber vapor/liquid diffusion method using ethanol as the precipitant. this method has wider potential in the use of volatile organic solvents as precipitants. crystals of mitogillin diffract x-rays to lattice d-spacings of at least 1.6 a ... | 1991 | 1707977 |
| [allergenic relationships between aspergillus restrictus and aspergillus fumigatus determined by radioallergosorbent test inhibition]. | recently aspergillus restrictus, a species of osmophilic fungi, has been found to be widely distributed in our inhabited environment. the authors reported previously that the prevalence of hypersensitivity to this fungal species determined by skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test (rast) was comparable with that to aspergillus fumigatus. in this study, the allergenic relationships between the two fungi were examined by rast and rast inhibition tests in which a. restrictus extracts prepared ... | 1991 | 1772354 |
| isolation and nucleotide sequence of the aspergillus restrictus gene coding for the ribonucleolytic toxin restrictocin and its expression in aspergillus nidulans: the leader sequence protects producing strains from suicide. | we describe the cloning and characterization of the gene coding for the ribotoxin restrictocin, from aspergillus restrictus (gene res, embl accession number x56176). this toxin is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in eucaryotes and is of potential interest as a component of immunotoxins. to analyze the mechanism of self-protection in the producing organism, the res gene was cloned into the vector pfb39 and introduced into aspergillus nidulans. the secretion of active restrictocin from tran ... | 1991 | 2020539 |
| [allergenicity of the osmophilic fungus aspergillus restrictus evaluated by skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test]. | recently large amounts of aspergillus restrictus, a species of osmophilic fungi, have been detected in house dust using culture media with low water activity. but little attention has been paid to this fungus as an allergen. in the present study, the authors examined the allergenic activity of a. restrictus by skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests (rast) on 94 asthmatic patients (mean age 12.0, range 3-18). aspergillus fumigatus, alternaria alternata and house dust were used for compari ... | 1990 | 2288495 |
| the aspergillus toxin restriction is a suitable cytotoxic agent for generation of immunoconjugates with monoclonal antibodies directed against human carcinoma cells. | the protein toxin restriction, isolated from the mould aspergillus restrictus, inactivates protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells by blocking the ribosome elongation cycle. this protein acts as a specific nuclease that cuts off a small fragment from the 28-s rrna. biochemical and biological characterization of this toxin indicated that it is a non-glycosylated polypeptide of mr 16836, exhibiting in cell-free systems a protein synthesis inhibition capacity similar to that of the ricin a chain. thi ... | 1989 | 2783572 |
| immunoconjugate generation between the ribosome inactivating protein restrictocin and an anti-human breast carcinoma mab. | in the perspective of therapeutic approaches the monoclonal antibody, mbrl, with a quite restricted spectrum of reactivity for human breast carcinoma, was coupled to restrictocin (res), a ribosome inactivating protein produced by aspergillus restrictus. in a cell-free system this toxin was found to have an activity comparable to that of other plant toxins, but its in vitro toxicity was shown to be low on different cell lines. three batches of mbr1-res conjugate were prepared and their specificit ... | 1988 | 3258791 |
| the effect of three species of mites upon fungal growth on wheat. | every week, for 20 weeks, the growth of naturally occurring grain storage fungi on wheat infested with the three commonest british grain storage mites, acarus siro, glycyphagus destructor and tyrophagus longior, was compared with that on uninfested wheat. the number of colonies of the aspergillus glaucus group per gram were always less on grain infested with mites than on uninfested grain. penicillium spp. were also less numerous on grain which was infested with a. siro but did not appear to be ... | 1986 | 3451862 |
| [aspergillus restrictus and candida parapsilosis--agents of endocarditis following heart valve replacement]. | | 1985 | 3990702 |
| [aspergillus restrictus. rare form of intracavitary aspergilloma associated with active tuberculosis]. | | 1972 | 5082142 |
| [mycotic ulcerative aortitis after replacement of the aortic valve caused by the fungus aspergillus restrictus]. | | 1984 | 6474855 |
| [a resected case of endobronchial aspergilloma due to aspergillus restrictus (author's transl)]. | | 1980 | 7206398 |
| effects of leader sequences upon the heterologous expression of restrictocin in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus niger. | the effects of altered leader sequences on the secretion and localization of restrictiocin expression in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus niger were investigated. the region encoding the leader sequence of the aspergillus restrictus restrictocin (res) gene was altered and variants were expressed under the glucoamylase (glaa) promoter in a. nidulans and a. niger. the entire restrictocin leader sequence was replaced by the glaa leader sequence in one variant. in another, the signal sequence of ... | 1995 | 7641142 |
| characterization of the gene encoding alpha-sarcin, a ribosome-inactivating protein secreted by aspergillus giganteus. | the filamentous fungus, aspergillus giganteus, produces the extracellular ribosome-inactivating protein, alpha-sarcin (sar). the structural gene (sar) encoding sar was isolated and characterized by sequence analysis and expression in aspergillus niger. it codes for a precursor of 177 amino acids containing a secretion signal sequence that is absent in the mature protein. the nucleotide sequence contains several typical features of fungal genes, including a short intron of 65 bp. the transcriptio ... | 1993 | 8444347 |
| [mycoses of the heart]. | there is an increasing frequency of heart mycoses. authors identified 19 such cases between 1972 and 1991, 63% in the last 6 years (frequency was 0.1% in 17.661 autopsies of patients over 7 days of life). males prevailed (17:2). yeasts of genus candida dominated, unusual etiology represented candida parapsilosis, torulopsis candida and aspergillus restrictus. sampling from vegetations or abscesses was a prerequisite for positive autoptic cultivation. probable source of infection was found in 12 ... | 1993 | 8485779 |
| generation of active immunotoxins containing recombinant restrictocin. | restrictocin, a toxin produced by the fungus aspergillus restrictus, is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic protein synthesis. recombinant restrictocin was made in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity in large amounts. the recombinant protein was found to be poorly immunogenic in mice with low toxicity, when injected intraperitoneally. two immunotoxins were constructed by coupling the recombinant restrictocin to an antibody to the human transferrin receptor, using a cleavable and a stable l ... | 1996 | 8630074 |
| the ribosome-inactivating protein restrictocin deters insect feeding on aspergillus restrictus. | the fungus-feeding beetle, carpophilus freemani, consumed equal quantities of young mycelia, fewer phialides bearing mature spores and much fewer phialides bearing developing spores of aspergillus restrictus compared to those of aspergillus nidulans when tested in diet choice assays. the degree to which specific fungal structures were consumed was inversely related to the localization of high levels of restrictocin, a ribosome-inactivating protein, to those structures. pure restrictocin added to ... | 1996 | 8704996 |
| insights into specificity of cleavage and mechanism of cell entry from the crystal structure of the highly specific aspergillus ribotoxin, restrictocin. | restriction, a highly specific ribotoxin made by the fungus aspergillus restrictus, cleaves a single phosphodiester bond in the 28s rna of eukaryotic ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis. the sequence around this cleavage site is a binding site for elongation factors, and is conserved in all cytoplasmic ribosomes. the catalytic mechanism of restrictocin and the reasons for its high substrate specificity are unknown. no structure has been determined for any other member of the aspergillus ribo ... | 1996 | 8805570 |
| enumeration of fungi in barley. | estimation of fungal contamination of barley grain is important as certain fungi can proliferate during the malting process. the following factors which may affect the enumeration of fungi were evaluated: dilution versus direct plating, presoaked versus unsoaked grain, five culture media: potato dextrose agar (pda), acidified czapek-dox agar (aca), pentachloronitrobenzene agar; (pcnb) dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar (drbc) and malt salt agar; two disinfectants' ethanol/water (80:20 v/ ... | 1997 | 9105919 |
| cytotoxic activity of ribonucleolytic toxin restrictocin-based chimeric toxins targeted to epidermal growth factor receptor. | targeted toxins represent a new approach to specific cytocidal therapy. the ribonucleolytic protein toxin restrictocin is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor produced by the fungus aspergillus restrictus. in the present study we have constructed two restrictocin based chimeric toxins where human transforming growth factor alpha (tgf alpha) has been used as a ligand. tgf alpha is a single chain polypeptide, which binds to epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) and causes proliferation in a larg ... | 1997 | 9175867 |
| construction, expression and characterization of chimaeric toxins containing the ribonucleolytic toxin restrictocin: intracellular mechanism of action. | restrictocin is a ribonucleolytic toxin produced by the fungus aspergillus restrictus. two chimaeric toxins containing restrictocin directed at the human transferrin receptor have been constructed. anti-tfr(scfv)-restrictocin is encoded by a gene produced by fusing the dna encoding a single-chain antigen-combining region (scfv) of a monoclonal antibody, directed at the human transferrin receptor, at the 5' end of that encoding restrictocin. the other chimaeric toxin, restrictocin-anti-tfr(scfv), ... | 1997 | 9210405 |
| a single amino acid substitution in ribonucleolytic toxin restrictocin abolishes its specific substrate recognition activity. | restrictocin is a small basic protein produced by the fungus aspergillus restrictus. it potently inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells by specifically cleaving a single phosphodiester bond in 28s rrna. a histidine residue at position 49 in restrictocin has been implicated in its active site. a mutant of restrictocin in which the histidine at position 49 was changed to an alanine was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, and the protein was expressed in escherichia coli. the mutant a ... | 1997 | 9354640 |
| airborne fungal colony-forming units in outdoor and indoor environments in yokohama, japan. | the fungal concentration and flora in indoor and outdoor air in yokohama, japan were analyzed with a reuter centrifugal air sampler and dichloran 18% glycerol agar (dg18), and compared with the levels assessed with potato dextrose agar (pda). the number of fungal colony-forming units (cfu) in outdoor air was < 13-2750/m3; cladosporium spp. predominated, followed by alternaria spp. and penicillium spp. the fungal concentration in outdoor air peaked in september. the concentrations of fungi in out ... | 1997 | 9511234 |
| role of individual cysteine residues and disulfide bonds in the structure and function of aspergillus ribonucleolytic toxin restrictocin. | restrictocin, produced by the fungus aspergillus restrictus, belongs to the group of ribonucleolytic toxins called ribotoxins. it specifically cleaves a single phosphodiester bond in a conserved stem and loop structure in the 28s rrna of large ribosomal subunit and potently inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis. restrictocin contains 149 amino acid residues and includes four cysteines at positions 5, 75, 131, and 147. these cysteine residues are involved in the formation of two disulfide bonds, ... | 1999 | 10433712 |
| localization of the catalytic activity in restrictocin molecule by deletion mutagenesis. | restrictocin, produced by the fungus aspergillus restrictus, is a highly specific ribonucleolytic toxin which cleaves a single phosphodiester bond between g4325 and a4326 in the 28s rrna. it is a nonglycosylated, single-chain, basic protein of 149 amino acids. the putative catalytic site of restrictocin includes tyr47, his49, glu95, arg120 and his136. to map the catalytic activity in the restrictocin molecule, and to study the role of n- and c-terminus in its activity, we have systematically del ... | 2000 | 10712610 |
| [the role of fungal allergy in bronchial asthma]. | fungus is known to be one of the causative allergens inducing bronchial asthma as are housedustmites, pollen and pet dander. outdoor airborne fungi such as cladosporium, alternaria, penicillium and aspergillus are important inducing ige antibody formation. in addition to these common fungi, the indoor fungi aspergillus restrictus, neurospora and eurotium are important allergenic fungi which have recently been identified. the yeast candida albicans, is a common commensal of the human oral and vag ... | 2000 | 10938515 |
| [fungal allergy -clinical aspect-]. | fungus is known to be one of the important causative allergens of allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. not only outdoor airborne fungi but also indoor fungi such as aspergillus restrictus and eurotium have recently received attention as causative fungal allergens of allergic diseases. in addition to careful history taking, in vivo testing methods such as skin test and conjunctival or bronchial provocation tests are sometimes necessary to diagnose t ... | 2001 | 11479529 |
| [fungal allergy - fungal ecology in dwelling environments]. | fungi related to allergies are commonly found in dwelling environments. the predominant fungi cladosporium, penicillium, aspergillus, alternaria, wallemia and rhodotorula live mainly in indoor air, house dust (hd), futons, clothes and contaminated building materials. fungi in hd are especially important allergens. the fungal cfu and predominant fungi in hd are 10(4) - 10(6)/g and are composed of xerophilic or osmophilic species aspergillus restrictus, wallemia and eurotium but not many yeasts an ... | 2001 | 11479530 |
| the effect of fungal ribosome inactivating proteins upon feeding choice in c. freemani, and indications of a mutualistic relationship with a. restrictus. environmental mycology. | carpophilus freemani beetles' feeding on the fungus aspergillus nidulans was substantially inhibited when a. nidulans was transformed and induced to secrete the ribosome inactivating protein, restrictocin (genetic source: aspergillus restrictus). no inhibition of feeding was observed when a. nidulans was transformed and induced to produce an inactive form of restrictocin with a single amino-acid substitution in the active site. similarly, there was no inhibition of feeding upon transgenic strain ... | 2001 | 11811644 |
| [pulmonary aspergillosis with generalized spreading caused by aspergillus restrictus]. | | 1960 | 13767146 |
| assessment of ribosomal large-subunit d1-d2, internal transcribed spacer 1, and internal transcribed spacer 2 regions as targets for molecular identification of medically important aspergillus species. | molecular approaches are now being developed to provide a more rapid and objective identification of fungi compared to traditional phenotypic methods. ribosomal targets, especially the large-subunit rna gene (d1-d2 region) and internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (its1 and its2 regions), have shown particular promise for the molecular identification of some fungi. we therefore conducted an assessment of these regions for the identification of 13 medically important aspergillus species: aspergill ... | 2005 | 15872227 |
| two new dioxopiperazine derivatives, arestrictins a and b, isolated from aspergillus restrictus and aspergillus penicilloides. | in the course of searching for bioactive substances, two new dioxopiperazine derivatives, arestrictins a (1) and b (2), were isolated along with the known dioxopiperazine, cristatin a (3), and the known peptide, asperglucide (4), from the organic extract of the xerophilic fungi, aspergillus restrictus and aspergillus penicilloides. the absolute structures of 1 and 2, except for the configuration of the secondary alcohol in 1, were established by spectroscopic and chemical investigation. the abso ... | 2006 | 17139096 |
| [allergen activity of xerophilic fungus, aspergillus restrictus]. | the typical xerophilic fungi, aspergillus restrictus, have been very frequently detected in house dust by low water activity medium. since the composition of fungal allergens are affected culture and extract condition, we considered the influence in a. restrictus in order to develop new allergen of xerophilic fungi. | 2007 | 17347596 |
| prevalence and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of candida spp isolated from clinical specimens in são paulo, brazil. | the specifity of gene encoding the ribotoxin protein in aspergillus fumigatus was determined by pcr amplification of a portion of the gene. all a. fumigatus strains studied showed the presence of amplifiable ribotoxin product, while none of the other fungal species, with the exception of aspergillus restrictus, showed this amplification product. hence, this method may be used for rapid and specific identification of a. fumigatus. | 1998 | 17655400 |
| atopic cough-like cough hypersensitivity caused by active sensitization with protein fraction of aspergillus restrictus strain a-17. | we examined the sensitivity of the cough reflex to inhaled citric acid in guinea pigs that had been actively sensitized with the protein fraction of aspergillus restrictus strain a-17. the number of coughs elicited by an aerosol of 5% citric acid was significantly increased in the sensitized group compared to the non-sensitized group. the number of citric-acid-induced coughs in sensitized guinea pigs was dose-dependently and significantly reduced to the level in non-sensitized guinea pigs when a ... | 2008 | 17951087 |
| an impedance-based mold sensor with on-chip optical reference. | a new miniaturized sensor system with an internal optical reference for the detection of mold growth is presented. the sensor chip comprises a reaction chamber provided with a culture medium that promotes the growth of mold species from mold spores. the mold detection is performed by measuring impedance changes with integrated electrodes fabricated inside the reaction chamber. the impedance change in the culture medium is caused by shifts in the ph (i.e., from 5.5 to 8) as the mold grows. in ord ... | 2016 | 27690039 |
| prevention of toxigenic fungal growth in stored grains by carbon dioxide detection. | the growth of toxigenic fungi can adversely affect grain quality and even produce mycotoxins of food safety concern, which should be sensitively monitored and controlled during grain storage. to establish the relationship between the growth of toxigenic fungi and their carbon dioxide (co2) production, the pattern of co2 concentration changes was studied during the fungal growth in grain. the results showed the co2 concentrations increased exponentially (r ≥ 0.96) during the growth of toxigenic f ... | 2015 | 25254604 |
| fungi in ontario maple syrup & some factors that determine the presence of mold damage. | maple syrup is a high value artisanal product produced mainly in canada and a number of states primarily in the northeast usa. mold growth (wallemia sebi) on commercial product was first reported in syrup in 1908. since then, few data have been published. we conducted a systematic examination for fungi in maple syrup from 68 producers from all of the syrup-producing areas of ontario, canada. the mean ph of the samples was ph 6.82, sugar content averaged 68.0±0.89 °brix and aw averaged 0.841±0.01 ... | 2015 | 26001061 |
| penicillenols from a deep-sea fungus aspergillus restrictus inhibit candida albicans biofilm formation and hyphal growth. | penicillenols (a1, a2, b1, b2, c1 and c2) were isolated from aspergillus restrictus dffscs006, and could differentially inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate pre-developed biofilms of candida albicans. their structure-bioactivity relationships suggested that the saturation of hydrocarbon chain at c-8, r-configuration of c-5 and trans-configuration of the double bond between c-5 and c-6 of pyrrolidine-2,4-dione unit were important for their anti-biofilm activities. penicillenols a2 and b1 slowe ... | 2017 | 28377634 |
| ribotoxin restrictocin manifests anti-hiv-1 activity through its specific ribonuclease activity. | restrictocin, a highly specific ribonuclease produced by aspergillus restrictus, cleaves a single phosphodiester bond in a universally conserved stem and loop structure termed sarcin/ricin loop within the large ribosomal rna of all organisms. in the current study, we demonstrate restrictocin to manifest anti-hiv-1 activity in two model cell systems. using two mutants of restrictocin, we further show that the anti-hiv-1 activity of restrictocin is due to its specific ribonucleolytic activity. the ... | 2015 | 25709025 |
| phylogeny of xerophilic aspergilli (subgenus aspergillus) and taxonomic revision of section restricti. | aspergillus section restricti together with sister section aspergillus (formerly eurotium) comprises xerophilic species, that are able to grow on substrates with low water activity and in extreme environments. we adressed the monophyly of both sections within subgenus aspergillus and applied a multidisciplinary approach for definition of species boundaries in sect. restricti. the monophyly of sections aspergillus and restricti was tested on a set of 102 isolates comprising all currently accepted ... | 2017 | 29158611 |
| seasonal abundance of xerophilic fungi and house-dust mites (acarida: pyroglyphidae) in mattress dust. | arthropods and xerophilic fungi in dust from 5 mattresses and air-borne fungi were identified and counted every 4 weeks from january 1976 to october 1977.the arthropod fauna consisted mainly of the pyroglyphid mites dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (58%) and euroglyphus maynei (30%). the fungal flora consisted of aspergillus restrictus (48%), a. glaucus (16%), wallemia sebi (3%) and penicillium spp. (25%). air-borne fungi belonged to the same taxa but in different frequencies, 30, 7, 21 and 27%, r ... | 1978 | 28309229 |