| isolation and characterization of protoplasts from saccharomyces rouxii. | cells of the osmotolerant yeast saccharomyces rouxii were transformed to protoplasts in good yield (85%) by digesting cell walls with snail-gut enzyme in the presence of 10 mm dithioerythritol, 0.1 m sodium phosphate buffer (ph 6.8), and 2.0 m kcl. the requirement for 2.0 m kcl compares with that for s. bisporus var. mellis (another osmotolerant species) and contrasts with the 0.3 to 0.8 m kcl concentrations used in the preparation of most yeast protoplasts. short digestions (60 min or less) pro ... | 1979 | 438120 |
| the isolation of obligate osmophilic mutants of the yeast saccharomyces rouxii. | | 1975 | 1151333 |
| salt tolerance and glycerol accumulation of a respiration-deficient mutant isolated from the petite-negative, salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | a respiration-deficient (rd) mutant was isolated from the petite-negative, salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii. one strain among sixteen glycerol-non-utilizing mutants exhibited vigorous liberation of co2 but no uptake of o2. furthermore, this strain lacked cytochrome aa3 and had a reduced level of cytochrome b. the few mitochondria found in cells of this strain contained few or no cristae. salt tolerance and intracellular accumulation of glycerol by the rd strain were almost equal to t ... | 1992 | 1624129 |
| chromosome engineering in saccharomyces cerevisiae by using a site-specific recombination system of a yeast plasmid. | we have developed an effective method to delete or invert a chromosomal segment and to create reciprocal recombination between two nonhomologous chromosomes in saccharomyces cerevisiae, using the site-specific recombination system of psr1, a circular cryptic dna plasmid resembling 2 microns dna of s. cerevisiae but originating from another yeast, zygosaccharomyces rouxii. a 2.1-kilobase-pair dna fragment bearing the specific recombination site on the inverted repeats of psr1 was inserted at targ ... | 1990 | 2404945 |
| half-site recombinations mediated by yeast site-specific recombinases flp and r. | the flp recombinase of saccharomyces cerevisae and the related r recombinase of zygosaccharomyces rouxii can efficiently catalyze strand cleavage and strand exchange reactions in half recombination sites. a half-site consists of one recombinase binding element, a recombinase cleavage site on one strand and a 5' spacer hydroxyl group on the other that can initiate the strand exchange reaction. we have studied the various types of strand exchanges that half-sites can participate in. reaction betwe ... | 1992 | 1602474 |
| site-specific recombinase, r, encoded by yeast plasmid psr1. | the r gene product (r protein) of zygosaccharomyces rouxii plasmid psr1 catalyzes site-specific recombination within a 58 base-pair (bp) sequence present in the 959 bp inverted repeats of this plasmid. the r protein was produced in escherichia coli and partially purified. the partially purified protein catalyzed site-specific recombination in vitro without the supply of an energy source. recombination resulted in intramolecular inversion or deletion, depending on whether the orientations of the ... | 1992 | 1583692 |
| chitosan-colloidal gold complexes as polycationic probes for the detection of anionic sites by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. | a new cationic colloidal gold complex has been developed for ultrastructural localization of cell surface anionic sites by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. the marker is prepared by labelling gold particles of suitable sizes (6 to 70 nm in diameter) with chitosan, a polymer of beta (1----4)-linked d-glucosamine. using human red blood cells as a model, chitosan-gold complexes were shown to be specific for anionic sites and at ph 2 for sialic acid residues. the binding capacity of co ... | 1988 | 3063695 |
| functional analysis of box i mutations in yeast site-specific recombinases flp and r: pairwise complementation with recombinase variants lacking the active-site tyrosine. | the site-specific recombinases flp and r from saccharomyces cerevisiae and zygosaccharomyces rouxii, respectively, are related proteins that belong to the yeast family of site-specific recombinases. they share approximately 30% amino acid matches and exhibit a common reaction mechanism that appears to be conserved within the larger integrase family of site-specific recombinases. two regions of the proteins, designated box i and box ii, also harbor a significantly high degree of homology at the n ... | 1992 | 1508181 |
| regulation of intracellular osmotic pressure during the initial stages of salt stress in a salt-tolerant yeast, zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | the accumulation of glycerol and inorganic ions as it related to osmotic pressure, and the regulation of intracellular osmotic pressure in a salt-tolerant yeast, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, were examined for several hours after salt stress. intracellular contents of glycerol increased for up to 6 h in media supplemented with 1 m and 2 m nacl and did not increase in medium containing 3 m nacl. intracellular contents of na+ and cl- reached a maximum value within 1 and 3 h, respectively, in all nacl- ... | 1992 | 1501597 |
| osmotic significance of glycerol accumulation in exponentially growing yeasts. | natural-abundance 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has shown glycerol to be the major osmotically significant low-molecular-weight solute in exponentially growing, salt-stressed cells of the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and debaromyces hansenii. measurement of the intracellular nonosmotic volume (i.e., the fraction of the cell that is osmotically unresponsive) by using the boyle-van't hoff relationship (for nonturgid cells, the osmotic volume is directly ... | 1987 | 3314706 |
| interactive effects of solutes, potassium sorbate and incubation temperature on growth, heat resistance and tolerance to freezing of zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | the interactive effects of solutes, potassium sorbate and incubation temperature on growth, heat resistance and tolerance to freezing of zygosaccharomyces rouxii were investigated. growth rates in media supplemented with glucose, sucrose or nacl to aw 0.93 were more rapid than in unsupplemented media (aw 0.99). although growth in unsupplemented medium was lower at 35 degrees c, incubation at 21 degrees c or 35 degrees c had little effect on growth in media supplemented with glucose and sucrose. ... | 1992 | 1490913 |
| functional analysis of box ii mutations in yeast site-specific recombinases flp and r. significance of amino acid conservation within the int family and the yeast sub-family. | the site-specific recombinases flp and r from saccharomyces cerevisiae and zygosaccharomyces rouxii, respectively, are related proteins that share approximately 30% amino acid matches. they exhibit a common reaction mechanism that appears to be conserved within the larger integrase family of site-specific recombinases. two regions of the proteins, designated as box i and box ii, harbor, in addition to amino acid conservation, a significantly high degree of nucleotide sequence homology within the ... | 1992 | 1474580 |
| rapid identification of saccharomyces cerevisiae, zygosaccharomyces bailii and zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | most strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae, zygosaccharomyces bailii and zygosaccharomyces rouxii have been found to contain plasmid dna. the sequences of the plasmids from these three yeasts are known to be different. we have used two primers within the plasmid from each yeast species in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to discriminate between these three yeasts. the primers were designed to give easily distinguishable fragment sizes when run on a simple agarose gel. due to the sensiti ... | 1992 | 1389995 |
| secretion of aspergillus oryzae alkaline protease in an osmophilic yeast, zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | to produce aspergillus oryzae alkaline protease (alp) in an osmophilic yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii, we constructed an expression plasmid consisting of the z. rouxii glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) promoter, the prepro-alp cdna of a. oryzae, the whole sequence of z. rouxii plasmid psr1, and the g418 resistant gene. the resulting plasmid, when introduced into z. rouxii cells, directed the secretion of a large amount (about 300 mg/l) of alp into the culture medium. the n-terminu ... | 1990 | 1369295 |
| diploid hybridization in a heterothallic haploid yeast, saccharomyces rouxii. | by crossing of a heterothallic haploid yeast, saccharomyces rouxii, we have succeeded in obtaining diploid hybrids. this paper shows one possible method of breeding heterothallic haploid yeasts for industrial application. s. rouxii is highly salt-tolerant and plays an important role in shoyu and miso fermentation. therefore, genetic improvements of the properties are of commercial importance. since newly isolated s. rouxii could neither conjugate nor sporulate on sporulation media commonly used, ... | 1967 | 6049309 |
| a cis-acting locus needed for stable maintenance of the yeast plasmid psb3. | the zygosaccharomyces rouxii plasmid psb3 is one of the yeast plasmids resembling 2-microns dna. the presence of a cis-acting locus needed for stable maintenance of psb3 has been expected by analogy with the functions encoded by other yeast plasmids such as 2-microns dna and psr1. we found such a locus and designated it stb-sb3. the stb-sb3 locus was delimited within 371 bp in a unique region of psb3. this region is included in the plasmid region where no transcript was detected. no prominent fe ... | 1990 | 1368577 |
| an alignment of 17 deduced protein sequences from plant, fungi, and ciliate h(+)-atpase genes. | seventeen protein sequences of h(+)-atpases from plants (arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana plumbaginifolia, lycopersicum esculentum), fungi (saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, neuropora crassa, candida albicans), and a parasitic ciliate (leishmania donovani) have been aligned. twenty sequence fragments were identified which were conserved in h(+)-, na+/k(+)-, and ca++ plasma membrane-atpases. in addition, a total of 118 residues not located in these frag ... | 1992 | 1328178 |
| effects of potassium sorbate on growth patterns, morphology, and heat resistance of zygosaccharomyces rouxii at reduced water activity. | a study was made of the effects of potassium sorbate on growth, morphology, and heat sensitivity of an osmotolerant yeast, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, grown in media (water activity (aw) 0.93) supplemented with glucose and sucrose. growth patterns of z. rouxii in ym broth supplemented with glucose (ymbg) and sucrose (ymbs) were similar, although increased potassium sorbate concentration in both media resulted in decreased growth rates. growth in ymbs containing potassium sorbate was not as prolifi ... | 1992 | 1288843 |
| evaluation of diluents and media for enumerating zygosaccharomyces rouxii in blueberry syrup. | combinations of diluents and enumeration media were evaluated for their efficacy in enumerating zygosaccharomyces rouxii in blueberry syrup (aw 0.818, 0.870 and 0.921). diluents consisted of deionized water containing 0.1% peptone, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% glucose, 50% glucose plus 0.05% tween 80, and 12%, 18%, 26% or 35% glycerol, all calculated on a w/w basis. enumeration media were dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol (drbc) agar, tryptone glucose yeast extract (tgy) agar, dichloran 18% glycerol ... | 1995 | 7599027 |
| visualization of site-specific recombination catalyzed by a recombinase from zygosaccharomyces rouxii in arabidopsis thaliana. | excision of a dna segment can occur in arabidopsis thaliana by reciprocal recombination between two specific recombination sites (rss) when the recombinase gene (r) from zygosaccharomyces rouxii is expressed in the plant. to monitor recombination events, we generated several lines of transgenic arabidopsis plants that carried a cryptic beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene which was designed in such a way that expression of the reporter gene could be induced by r gene-mediated recombination. we ... | 1995 | 7616956 |
| metabolism of the fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol by yeast strains of technological relevance. | the fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone (zea), added at a level of 2 micrograms/ml, was reduced stereoselectively by cultures of candida tropicalis, torulaspora delbrückii, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and 7 saccharomyces strains to both alpha- and beta-zearalenol. in contrast, only alpha-zearalenol was produced from zea by pichia fermentans and several yeast strains of the genera candida, hansenula, brettanomyces, schizosaccharomyces, and saccharomycopsis. no glucose conjugates of zea (zearalenone-4-be ... | 1995 | 7648022 |
| studies on the 'osmophilic' yeast saccharomyces rouxii and an obligate osmophilic mutant. | an obilagte osmophilic mutant (strain bi/4) of saccharomyces rouxii has been isolated that fails to grow at osmotic pressures corresponding to 20 per cent (w/v) sucrose or less. in 30 percent sucrose the yeast is filamentous and grows slowly. in 40percent sucrose it is mainly filamentous and has over twice the normal diameter. in 60 percentsucrose it grows in the yeast form with a growth rate twic that of the cultrue in 40 per cent sucrose. this mutant is lysed by a suddren drop in the osmotic p ... | 1975 | 1151327 |
| effect of sugars on d-arabitol production and glucose metabolism in saccharomyces rouxii. | the effect of sugars on the production of d-arabitol and on the glucose catabolic pathways was investigated in the osmotrophic yeast saccharomyces rouxii. the activity of d-arabitol dehydrogenase, which served as a measure of total d-arabitol production, increased when cells were grown in the presence of increasing glucose concentrations. growth in sucrose had no effect on the enzyme activity. a high intracellular concentration of d-arabitol could be demonstrated when the cells were grown in a 6 ... | 1979 | 457595 |
| the immunochemistry of antibodies sharing concanavalin a's anti-mannosyl binding specificity. | procedures were developed for the synthesis of the disaccharide hapten, p-isothiocyanatophenyl 2-o-alpha-d-mannopyranosyl-alpha-d-mannopyranoside, and for its conjugation to hemocyanin. the synthetic carbohydrate: protein antigen was then emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant and injected into the footpads of new zealand white rabbits. a population of the resulting anti-conjugate antibodies displayed some binding properties analogous to concanavalin a, the carbohydrate-binding protein of the ... | 1979 | 376704 |
| microbial water relations. effects of solute concentration on the respiratory activity of sugar-tolerant and non-tolerant yeasts. | the respiratory activity of the sugar-tolerant (osmophilic) yeast, saccharomyces rouxii, and the non-tolerant species, sacchromyces cerevisiae, were compared after growth in a complex basal medium, the medium supplemented with polyethylene glycol (mol. wt 200) to give a water activity of 0-95, and the medium supplemented with glucose (24 and 36%, w/v). the properties compared were qo2 (glucose), nadh oxidase activity of isolated mitochondrial fractions, and cytochrome content. when grown in the ... | 1975 | 234508 |
| an autonomously replicating sequence of psri plasmid is effective in two yeast species, zygosaccharomyces rouxii and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the autonomously replicating sequences (arss) of psr1, a cryptic circular dna plasmid detected in a strain of zygosaccharomyces rouxii, were delimited by subcloning and deletion analysis and by the isolation of nucleotide substitution mutations. a 30 base-pair (bp) sequence from inverted repeat 1 (ir1) and presumably the same region from ir2 of psr1 functions as an ars in the native host, z. rouxii, and in a heterologous host, saccharomyces cerevisiae. thus, psr1 has two arss per molecule, eithe ... | 1989 | 2668540 |
| colony formation by sublethally heat-injured zygosaccharomyces rouxii as affected by solutes in the recovery medium and procedure for sterilizing medium. | recovery and colony formation by healthy and sublethally heat-injured cells of zygosaccharomyces rouxii as influenced by the procedure for sterilizing recovery media (ym agar [yma], wort agar, cornmeal agar, and oatmeal agar) were investigated. media were supplemented with various concentrations of glucose, sucrose, glycerol, or sorbitol and sterilized by autoclaving (110 degrees c, 15 min) and by repeated treatment with steam (100 degrees c). an increase in sensitivity was observed when heat-in ... | 1990 | 2403251 |
| transfer and expression of heterologous genes in yeasts other than saccharomyces cerevisiae. | in the past few years, yeasts other than those belonging to the genus saccharomyces have become increasingly important for industrial applications. species such as pichia pastoris, hansenula polymorpha, schizosaccharomyces pombe, yarrowia lipolytica and kluyveromyces lactis have been modified genetically and used for the production of heterologous proteins. for a number of additional yeasts such as schwanniomyces occidentalis, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, trichosporon cutaneum, pachysolen tannophil ... | 1990 | 2291442 |
| domain of a yeast site-specific recombinase (flp) that recognizes its target site. | binding of a partial proteolytic digest by v8 enzyme of the yeast site-specific recombinase flp to its target site gives rise to dna-protein complexes that are smaller than those produced by the full-sized protein. the smallest of these complexes (occupancy of one peptide monomer per site) contains either one of two polypeptides (32 and 28 kda) of the v8 digestion mixture. the amino termini of both polypeptides map to ser-129 of flp, corresponding to v8 cleavage at glu-128. the relative mobiliti ... | 1991 | 2068070 |
| characterization of the nha1 gene encoding a na+/h+-antiporter of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the nha1 gene (2958 nt) encoding a putative na(+)/h(+) antiporter (986 aa) in saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned by selection based on increased nacl tolerance. the putative protein is highly similar to sodium/proton antiporters from schizosaccharomyces pombe (gene sod2), and zygosaccharomyces rouxii (gene z-sod2). overexpression of the nha1 gene results in higher and partially ph-dependent tolerance to sodium and lithium; its disruption leads to an increased sensitivity towards these ions. | 1996 | 8654575 |
| mutations in a saccharomyces cerevisiae host showing increased holding stability of the heterologous plasmid psr1. | we have isolated saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants, smp, showing stable maintenance of plasmid psr1, a zygosaccharomyces rouxii plasmid. the smp mutants were recessive and were classified into at least three different complementation groups. the three mutants also showed increased stability of yrp plasmids and the mutations are additive for plasmid stability. one mutation, smp1, confers a respiration-deficient (rho0) phenotype and several rho- mutants independently isolated by ethidium bromide tr ... | 1991 | 2005867 |
| a new protein kinase, ssp31, modulating the smp3 gene-product involved in plasmid maintenance in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the pleiotropic smp3 mutation on the saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome confers three phenotypes, (i) stable maintenance of a heterologous plasmid psr1 isolated from zygosaccharomyces rouxii, (ii) slow cell growth, and (iii) temperature-sensitive growth. the ssp31 gene of s. cerevisiae was isolated as a chromosomal dna fragment suppressing the thermosensitive cell growth of the smp3 mutant when it was ligated into the low-copy vector, ycp50. however, it did not suppress the phenotypes of stable ... | 1991 | 1840547 |
| influence of modified atmosphere and preservatives on the growth of zygosaccharomyces rouxii isolated from dried fruits. | the influence of water activity (alpha w), preservatives, modified atmosphere and their combinations on the growth of z. rouxii was determined by cultivating two strains isolated from raisins and prunes in culture media under different conditions and by counting the colony forming units. yeast extract glucose broths or agars were adjusted to the desired alpha w by means of glucose. preservatives added to the media (0-600 ppm) were either k-sorbate, na-benzoate or their mixture. modified atmosphe ... | 1996 | 8930707 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of plasma membrane h(+)-atpase gene from the salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | a plasma membrane h(+)-atpase gene from the salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii was isolated by probing the genomic dna library with a labeled dna fragment derived from the saccharomyces cerevisiae h(+)-atpase gene (pma1) and the nucleotide sequence of a cloned gene was determined. the gene encoded a polypeptide of molecular weight 100,060 that consisted of 920 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence was 83% homologous to that of s. cerevisiae h(+)-atpase and was highly sim ... | 1991 | 1837019 |
| activity of different 'killer' yeasts on strains of yeast species undesirable in the food industry. | killer strains of the genera saccharomyces, hansenula and kluyveromyces were tested for killing activity against yeasts that cause trouble in the food industry (in the genera zygosaccharomyces, kloeckera, saccharomycodes and schizosaccharomyces). saccharomyces strains killed only zygosaccharomyces rouxii strains, while non-saccharomyces strains showed a wider anti-yeast spectrum. the kluyveromyces phaffii killer strain was of particular interest because of its killer action against kloeckera api ... | 1991 | 1769559 |
| evaluation of the biolog system for the identification of food and beverage yeasts. | the inconvenience of conventional yeast identification methods has resulted in the development of rapid, commercial systems, mainly for clinical yeast species. the biolog system (biolog inc., hayward, ca, usa) is a new semi-automated, computer-linked technology for rapid identification of clinical and non-clinical yeasts. the system is based around a microtitre tray and includes assimilation and oxidation tests. this paper evaluates the biolog system for the identification of 21 species (72 stra ... | 1997 | 9203401 |
| fatty acid profiling: a feasible typing system to trace yeast contamination in wine bottling plants. | the long-chain fatty acid composition of yeast strains was determined for several species associated with the wine industry. the saccharomyces cerevisiae, zygosaccharomyces bailii, saccharomycodes ludwigii, schizosaccharomyces pombe, brettanomyces/dekkera spp., pichia anomala, pichia membranaefaciens and lodderomyces elongisporus species presented distinct fatty acid profiles after multivariate statistical analysis. the zygosaccharomyces rouxii species showed profiles similar to zygosaccharomyce ... | 1997 | 9506280 |
| operation of an efficient site-specific recombination system of zygosaccharomyces rouxii in tobacco cells. | recombinase encoded by the r gene of psr1 of zygosaccharomyces rouxii mediates reciprocal recombination between two specific recombination sites (rss) to induce excision or inversion of the dna segment that is flanked by the rss. we report here that site-specific recombination mediated by this system takes place effeciently in tobacco cells. to monitor the recombination events in tobacco cells, we have constructed two types of cryptic beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in such a way that recombina ... | 1991 | 1754373 |
| disparate evolution of yeasts and filamentous fungi indicated by phylogenetic analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes. | genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.2.1.12) from several evolutionarily disparate organisms were used to construct a phylogenetic tree by evolutionary parsimony. the gapdh tree indicates that, in contrast to the presently accepted taxonomy of fungi, the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and zygosaccharomyces rouxii evolved separately from the filamentous ascomycetes (such as aspergillus nidulans) with which these yeasts are classified. according to this tree, the saccharo ... | 1989 | 2674943 |
| microorganism inactivation using high-pressure generation in sealed vessels under sub-zero temperature. | in order to test the possibility of utilizing high pressure in bioscience and biotechnology, a simple method for high-pressure generation and its use for microbial inactivation have been studied. when a pressure vessel was filled with water, sealed tightly and cooled to sub-zero temperatures, high pressure was generated in the vessel. the pressure generation was 60 mpa at -5 degrees c, 103 mpa at -10 degrees c, and 140 mpa at -15 degrees c, -20 degrees c, and -22 degrees c. the high pressure gen ... | 1998 | 9830091 |
| genetic manipulation of non-conventional yeasts by conventional and non-conventional methods. | in recent years, yeasts other than those belonging to the species saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe have become increasingly important in industrial processes. species such as pichia stipitis, hansenula polymorpha, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, saccharomyces exiguus, torulaspora delbrueckii, yarrowia lipolytica and others whose perfect stage is known, can be manipulated genetically by classical methods, but those belonging to the genera candida (c. utilis, c. tropicalis, c. bomb ... | 1988 | 3068351 |
| gene conversion associated with site-specific recombination in yeast plasmid psr1. | a circular dna plasmid, psr1, isolated from zygosaccharomyces rouxii has a pair of inverted repeats consisting of completely homologous 959-base pair (bp) sequences. intramolecular recombination occurs frequently at the inverted repeats in cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as in z. rouxii, and is catalyzed by a protein encoded by the r gene of its own genome. the recombination is, however, independent of the rad52 gene of the host genome. a site for initiation of the intramolecular reco ... | 1988 | 3280974 |
| functions encoded by the yeast plasmid psb3 isolated from zygosaccharomyces rouxii ifo 1730 (formerly saccharomyces bisporus var. mellis). | functions encoded by the yeast plasmid psb3 were analysed in saccharomyces cerevisiae and zygosaccharomyces rouxii. the autonomously replicating sequence (ars) and partitioning mechanisms of psb3 worked as satisfactorily in z. rouxii me3 as in the native host z. rouxii ifo 1730 (formerly saccharomyces bisporus var. mellis). the ars in z. rouxii me3 was located within a 168 bp banii-hindiii fragment spanning part of the inverted repeat (ir) and a unique region contiguous to it. the flp enzyme (re ... | 1986 | 3772337 |
| molecular and functional organization of yeast plasmid psr1. | the nucleotide sequence of a 6251 base-pair plasmid, psr1, harbored in an osmophilic haploid yeast, zygosaccharomyces rouxii (formerly saccharomyces rouxii), was determined. no homology was detected between the sequences of psr1 and 2-micron dna of saccharomyces cerevisiae. psr1 has a pair of inverted repeats consisting of completely homologous 959 base-pair sequences, which separate two unique sequences 2654 base-pairs and 1679 base-pairs long. each inverted repeat has an ars sequence functiona ... | 1985 | 3889347 |
| synthesis of analogs of k-582a, an antibiotic heptapeptide. | k-582 a, an antibiotic heptapeptide, has a sequence of h-l-arg-l-arg(oh)-d-orn-l-thr-d-orn-l-lys-d-tyr-oh (arg(oh), threo-gamma-hydroxyarginine). in order to investigate the relationship between structure and antimicrobial activity, four shortened analogs, des-l-arg1, l-arg(oh)2-k582 a (pentapeptide), des-l-arg(oh)2-k-582 a (hexapeptide) and their n-acetyl derivatives, were synthesized by the conventional method. none of them, however, showed any antimicrobial activity. three more analogs, [l-ly ... | 1985 | 3928517 |
| microbial water relations: features of the intracellular composition of sugar-tolerant yeasts. | several factors contributed to differences in intracellular composition between sugar-tolerant (osmophilic) and nontolerant species of yeast. one such factor was the difference in accumulation of those nonelectrolytes whose uptake was not dominated by vigorous metabolism. in such cases (lactose and glycerol), the sugar-tolerant species had a much lower capacity for the solute than did the nontolerant species. sucrose uptake was consistently different between all sugar-tolerant strains on the one ... | 1974 | 4598001 |
| 2-micrometers dna-like plasmids in the osmophilic haploid yeast saccharomyces rouxii. | dna plasmids were detected in two independent strains of saccharomyces rouxii among 100 yeast strains other than saccharomyces cerevisiae tested. the plasmids, psr1 and psr2, had almost the same mass (approximately 4 x 10(6) daltons) as 2-micrometers dna of s. cerevisiae. psr1 and psr2 gave identical restriction maps with restriction endonucleases bamhi, ecori, hincii, hindiii, and xhoi, and both lacked restriction sites for psti, sali, and smai. these maps, however, differed significantly from ... | 1982 | 6286598 |
| intergeneric transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid killer plasmids, pgkl1 and pgkl2, from kluyveromyces lactis into saccharomyces cerevisiae by cell fusion. | two novel linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids, pgkl1 and pgkl2, were isolated from the yeast kluyveromyces lactis. k. lactis strains harboring the pgk1 plasmids killed a certain group of yeasts, including saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomyces italicus, saccharomyces rouxii, k. lactis, kluyveromyces thermotolerans, kluyvermyces vanudenii, torulopsis glabrata, candida utilis, and candida intermedia. in this experiment, the pgkl1 and pgkl2 plasmids were intergenerically transferred from a k. la ... | 1981 | 7016841 |
| a transformation vector for the production of marker-free transgenic plants containing a single copy transgene at high frequency. | we represent here the gst-mat vector system. the r recombinase gene of the site-specific recombination system r/rs from zygosaccharomyces rouxii was fused to the chemical inducible promoter of the glutathione-s-transferase (gst-ii-27) gene from zea mays. upon excision, the isopentenyltransferase (ipt) gene that is used as a selectable marker gene is removed. when the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (camv 35s) was used to express r recombinase, 67% of the marker-free transgenic plants had m ... | 2000 | 10849362 |
| characterization of na+/h(+)-antiporter gene closely related to the salt-tolerance of yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | in order to clarify the relationship between salt-tolerance of zygosaccharomyces rouxii and the function of na+/h(+)-antiporter, a gene was isolated from z. rouxii which exhibited homology to the na+/h(+)-antiporter gene (sod2) from schizosaccharomyces pombe. this newly isolated gene (z-sod2) encoded a product of 791 amino acids, which was larger than the product encoded by its sz. pombe homologue. the predicted amino-acid sequence of z-sod2p was highly homologous to that of the sz. pombe protei ... | 1995 | 7483847 |
| enhanced formation of isoamyl alcohol in zygosaccharomyces rouxii due to elimination of feedback inhibition of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase. | mutants of the 'miso' yeast, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, that produced a large amount of isoamyl alcohol, an important flavour in miso fermentation, were isolated from 5,5,5-trifluoro-dl-leucine-resistant mutants, an analogue of l-leucine. one of the mutants, m21-10, produced a three-fold higher level of isoamyl alcohol than the wild-type strain my21 in miso fermentation. the activity of alpha-isopropylamalate synthase, one of the enzymes used for l-leucine synthesis, in the mutant m21-10 was not ... | 1995 | 7737476 |
| changes in fatty acid composition of various lipid components of zygosaccharomyces rouxii as influenced by solutes, potassium sorbate and incubation temperature. | the effects of water activity (aw), solutes, potassium sorbate and incubation temperature on the fatty acid methyl ester composition of the total extracted lipid, triacylglycerol, phospholipid, free fatty acid and steryl ester components of zygosaccharomyces rouxii were determined. oleic (c18:1) and linoleic (c18:2) acids were the major components of the total fatty acid fraction, regardless of culturing conditions. cells grown at 35 degrees c contained a significantly higher percentage of c18:1 ... | 1994 | 8043348 |
| the effect of the water activity of the milieu on rates of glucose uptake by the osmophilic yeasts saccharomyces rouxii and debaryomyces hansenii. | rates of glucose uptake in baker's yeast and in the osmophilic yeasts d. hansenii and s. rouxii were investigated at different values of water activity of the milieu, as regulated either by glycerol or sodium chloride. in both cases, d. hansenii could maintain relatively higher rates of glucose uptake. at lower values of water activity, sodium chloride exerted an inhibitory effect on rates of glucose uptake by s. rouxii, while in the presence of glycerol, rates of glucose uptake shown by s. roux ... | 1978 | 749415 |
| a specific host factor binds at a cis-acting transcriptionally silent locus required for stability control of yeast plasmid psr1. | a cis-acting locus, z, of plasmid psr1 functions in stable maintenance of the plasmid in the native host, zygosaccharomyces rouxii. the z locus was shown to be located in a 482 bp sequence in the 5' upstream region of an open reading frame, p, by subcloning various dna fragments in a plasmid replicating via the ars1 sequence of the saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome. northern analysis revealed that the z region is not transcribed in either the native host z. rouxii or the heterologous host s. c ... | 1993 | 8479419 |
| characterization of plasma membrane h(+)-atpase from salt-tolerant yeast candida versatilis. | plasma membrane was isolated from the salt-tolerant yeast candida versatilis and the atpase in plasma membrane was characterized. the atpase was a typical h(+)-atpase with similar properties to the saccharomyces cerevisiae and zygosaccharomyces rouxii enzymes. it was reacted with antibody (igg) raised against s. cerevisiae plasma membrane h(+)-atpase. the atpase activity was not changed by adding nacl and kcl to the assay solutions, but was increased by nh4+, especially by ammonium sulfate. in v ... | 1993 | 8488723 |
| three-dimensional structure of tubular networks, presumably golgi in nature, in various yeast strains: a comparative study. | in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, the golgi apparatus consists of discrete units distributed throughout the cytoplasm. when such units are examined in three dimensions, in relatively thick sections prepared for the electron microscope, they usually appear as small tubular networks with a stained material accumulating in dilations located at the junctions of membranous tubules. to see whether such tubular networks are observed in other yeast species, the three-dimensional structure of organe ... | 1995 | 8579247 |
| resistance to cadmium ions and formation of a cadmium-binding complex in various wild-type yeasts. | the resistance to cadmium ions (cd-resistance) and possible formation of cadmium-binding complexes were examined in eight different wild-type yeasts. saccharomyces exiguus, pichia farinosa, torulaspora delbrueckii and schizosaccharomyces octosporus exhibited partial cd-resistance, as compared to the cd-resistant strain 301n and the cu-resistant but cd-sensitive strain x2180-1b of saccharomyces cerevisiae. saccharomyces carlsbergensis, pichia mogii, zygosaccharomyces rouxii and kluyveromyces lact ... | 1996 | 8673342 |
| the zygosaccharomyces rouxii strain cbs732 contains only one copy of the hog1 and the sod2 genes. | the osmotolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii cbs732 contains only one copy of the zrhog1 and zrsod2-22 genes. both genes were cloned and sequenced (acc. nos. aj132606 and aj252273, respectively) and their sequences were compared to homologous pairs of genes from z. rouxii atcc42981 (genes z-hog1, z-hog2, z-sod2, z-sod22). the cbs732 zrhog1p is shorter than its atcc42981 counterparts (380 aa residues vs. 407 and 420 aa, respectively) and is more similar to atcc42981 z-hog2p than to z-hog1p. al ... | 2001 | 11403849 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the zygosaccharomyces rouxiileu2 gene encoding a beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase. | a dna fragment carrying the leu2 gene of osmotolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii was isolated. the sequenced dna fragment (2630 bp) contained two orfs; one of them (1086 bp long, predicting a protein of 362 amino acids) shared a high degree of similarity with leu2 genes of other yeast species. the cloned dna fragment fully complemented the leu2 mutations of saccharomyces cerevisiae and z. rouxii. | 2001 | 11447605 |
| inhibitory effects of vanillin on some food spoilage yeasts in laboratory media and fruit purées. | the effect of vanillin and essential oil of mint on the growth of different strains of food spoilage yeasts in laboratory media and fruit purées was studied. growth of saccharomyces cerevisiae, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, debaryomyces hansenii and z. bailii was inhibited in culture media and apple purée containing 2000 ppm of vanillin for 40 days storage at 27 degrees c and a(w) 0.99 or 0.95. but 3000 ppm of the spice were not effective to inhibit z. bailii growth in banana purée. growth of yeasts ... | 1996 | 8796437 |
| inhibition by polyols of the heat-shock-induced activation of trehalase in the yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | trehalase activity was markedly enhanced in zygosaccharomyces rouxii upon exposure of the cells to a heat shock. the increase in trehalase was independent of rapid changes in the intracellular concentration of camp and was not blocked by inhibitors of protein synthesis. trehalase activated in vivo by heat shock was deactivated in vitro by phosphatase, suggesting that heat stress triggers a camp-independent signalling pathway that includes the activation of trehalase by phosphorylation of the enz ... | 1996 | 8932518 |
| conservation and release of osmolytes by yeasts during hypo-osmotic stress. | in response to fluctuations in environmental osmolarity, yeast cells adjust their intracellular solute concentrations in order to maintain a constant turgor pressure and ensure continuation of cellular activity. in this study, the effect of hypo-osmotic stress on osmolyte content of osmotolerant yeasts zygosaccharomyces rouxii and pichia sorbitophila and the less tolerant saccharomyes cerevisiae was investigated. all these yeasts released glycerol upon hypo-osmotic shock. however, z. rouxii also ... | 2001 | 11797041 |
| fermentation and microflora of plaa-som, a thai fermented fish product prepared with different salt concentrations. | plaa-som is a thai fermented fish product prepared from snakehead fish, salt, palm syrup and sometimes roasted rice. we studied the effects of different salt concentrations on decrease in ph and on microflora composition during fermentation. two low-salt batches were prepared, containing 6% and 7% salt (w/w) as well as two high-salt batches, containing 9% and 11% salt. ph decreased rapidly from 6 to 4.5 in low-salt batches, whereas in high-salt batches, a slow or no decrease in ph was found. lac ... | 2002 | 11883675 |
| difference in substrate specificity divides the yeast alkali-metal-cation/h(+) antiporters into two subfamilies. | yeast plasma membrane na(+)/h(+) antiporters (tc 2.a.36) share a high degree of similarity at the protein level. expression of four antiporters (saccharomyces cerevisiae nha1p, candida albicans cnh1p, zygosaccharomyces rouxii zrsod2-22p and schizosaccharomyces pombe sod2p) in a sacch: cerevisiae mutant strain lacking both na(+)-atpase and na(+)/h(+) antiporter genes made it possible to study the transport properties and contribution to cell salt tolerance of all antiporters under the same condit ... | 2002 | 11932466 |
| enantioselective reduction of 3,4-methylene-dioxyphenylacetone using candida famata and zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | in an effort to prepare 3,4-methylene-dioxyphenyl-(s)-isopropanol from 3,4-methylene-dioxyphenylacetone, an initial screen of microbes indicated that candida famata could catalyze this reaction efficiently at low substrate concentration. a dilute, large-scale process was developed to provide experimental material for the chemical synthesis to be explored. however, the productivity number of this process [0.134 g product (g wet weight cells)-1 day-1 was too low to be practical. c. famata was also ... | 1997 | 9077003 |
| effects of modified atmosphere packaging and preservatives on the shelf-life of high moisture prunes and raisins. | the growth of aspergillus niger and zygosaccharomyces rouxii on high moisture prunes and raisins in the presence of preservatives and packed under modified atmospheres was determined. prunes and raisins adjusted to an aw of 0.84-0.87 in the presence of carbon dioxide atmospheres (40 and 80% co2) did not support growth of a. niger. however, z. rouxii spoiled the fruit samples, both in air and under co2 conditions. addition of low levels of k-sorbate (186 ppm in prunes and 153 ppm in raisins) or n ... | 1998 | 9706785 |
| characterization of a second gene (zsod22) of na+/h+ antiporter from salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii and functional expression of zsod2 and zsod22 in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | we reported in our previous paper on the characterization of the na+/h(+)-antiporter gene (zsod2) closely related to the salt-tolerance of yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii. in the present paper, we have cloned a second gene (zsod22) of na+/h+ antiporter from z. rouxii. the deduced amino acid sequence of zsod22p was highly homologous to that of zsod2p, sod2p from schizosaccharomyces pombe, and nhalp from saccharomyces cerevisiae. the open reading frames (orfs) from zsod2 or zsod22 were inserted int ... | 1998 | 9791888 |
| two putative map kinase genes, zrhog1 and zrhog2, cloned from the salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii are functionally homologous to the saccharomyces cerevisiae hog1 gene. | the salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii can adjust its osmotic balance when responding to osmotic shock by accumulating glycerol as the compatible osmolyte. however, the mechanism of glycerol production in z. rouxii cells and its genetic regulation remain to be elucidated. two putative mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase genes, zrhog1 and zrhog2, were cloned from z. rouxii by their homology with hog1 from saccharomyces cerevisiae. the deduced amino acid sequences of zrhog1p and zrhog ... | 1999 | 10206704 |
| kodamaea kakaduensis and candida tolerans, two new ascomycetous yeast species from australian hibiscus flowers. | two new yeast species were isolated from flowers of hibiscus species in eastern and northern australia. kodamaea kakaduensis is heterothallic, haploid, and similar to other kodamaea species and to candida restingae. buds are often produced on short protuberances, and a true mycelium is formed. the new species differs from others by the assimilation of trehalose, melezitose, and xylitol, and is reproductively isolated. the cells of candida tolerans are small and a pseudomycelium is formed. the ca ... | 1999 | 10380650 |
| identification of sugar-tolerant yeasts isolated from high-sugar fermented vegetable extracts. | in japan, high-sugar fermented vegetable extracts are novel functional food products for which sugar-tolerant yeasts are employed during processing. in order to understand the yeast distribution in these foods and their role in the functionality of such foods, we isolated sugar-tolerant yeasts from nine sample products, together with one sample each of fermented extract of ume (japanese apricot) and honey. twenty-three strains were identified as zygosaccharomyces rouxii; one strain as z. bailii; ... | 1997 | 12501352 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of zygosaccharomyces rouxii ade2 gene encoding a phosphoribosyl-aminoimidazole carboxylase. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2.8 kb fragment containing the ade2 gene of the osmotolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii has been determined. the gene was cloned from a z. rouxii genomic dna library by complementation of the saccharomyces cerevisae ade2 mutant strain. the sequenced dna fragment contains a 1710 bp open reading frame predicting a protein of 570 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence shares a high degree of homology with ade2p homologues in five other yeast species. | 1999 | 10509021 |
| combined effects of ph and sugar on growth rate of zygosaccharomyces rouxii, a bakery product spoilage yeast. | the effects of citric acid-modified ph (ph 2.5, 2.75, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5) and a 30% glucose-70% sucrose mixture (300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 875, and 900 g/liter) on an osmophilic yeast, zygosaccharomyces rouxii, were determined by using synthetic medium. one hundred experiments were carried out; 50-ml culture flasks were inoculated with 10(3) cfu ml(-1) by using a collection strain and a wild-type strain cocktail. the biomass was measured by counting cell colonies, and growth curves w ... | 1999 | 10543804 |
| isolation and sequence of the hog1 homologue from debaryomyces hansenii by complementation of the hog1delta strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the hog1 gene encodes a map kinase that plays an essential role in maintaining water homeostasis in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. a gene homologous to s. cerevisiae hog1 has been isolated from a highly salt-tolerant yeast, debaryomyces hansenii, by phenotypic complementation. dna sequencing of the clone revealed the presence of an open reading frame encoding a protein 387 amino acids long. the deduced amino acid sequence showed very high similarity with homologous genes identified from s. ... | 2000 | 10620778 |
| effect of threonine, cystathionine, and the branched-chain amino acids on the metabolism of zygosaccharomyces rouxii* | zygosaccharomyces rouxii is an important yeast in the formation of flavor in soy sauce. in this study, we investigated the separate effects of exogenous threonine, cystathionine, and the branched-chain amino acids on the metabolism of z. rouxii. the addition of these amino acids had significant effects on both z. rouxii growth and glycerol and higher alcohol production. it also seemed that z. rouxii displayed the crabtree effect, which was independent of the added amino acids. furthermore, we in ... | 2000 | 10689090 |
| visualization of somatic deletions mediated by r/rs site-specific recombination and induction of germinal deletions caused by callus differentiation and regeneration in rice. | a transgenic rice plant expressing the recombinase of zygosaccharomyces rouxii under the control of the camv 35s promoter was crossed with a transgenic plant carrying a cryptic (beta-glucuronidase) gus reporter gene, which was activated by recombinase-mediated deletions between two specific recombination sites ( rss). in f(1) plants, gus activity was observed as blue spots and stripes in vascular bundles in several parts of the leaves. gus expression was detected in all of the calli induced from ... | 2003 | 12789437 |
| sequence and organization analyses of a zygosaccharomyces rouxii dna fragment containing the his3 gene. | the nucleotide sequence of a 3.4 kb fragment containing the his3 gene of the osmotolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii has been determined. the fragment was cloned from a z. rouxii genomic dna library by complementation of a saccharomyces cerevisiae his3 mutant strain. the sequenced dna fragment contained three open reading frames; the middle one (678 bp long, predicting a protein of 226 amino acids) shared a high degree of similarity with his3 genes of other yeast species. in the promoter reg ... | 2000 | 10806420 |
| effect of nystatin on the release of glycerol from salt-stressed cells of the salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | the polyene antibiotic nystatin, which affects fungal membrane permeability, inhibited the growth of zygosaccharomyces rouxii grown in medium containing 15% (w/v) nacl, whereas yeast grown in medium without nacl were only slightly inhibited. nystatin caused salt-stressed cells to release large amounts of glycerol and inhibited their growth, but amino acids and materials with an absorbance at 260 nm were not released from the cells. the leakage was increased by the addition of glucose, and more t ... | 2000 | 10816047 |
| regulation of aspartate-derived amino-acid metabolism in zygosaccharomyces rouxii compared to saccharomyces cerevisiae. | to elucidate the growth inhibitory effect of threonine, the regulation of the aspartate-derived amino-acid metabolism in zygosaccharomyces rouxii, an important yeast for the flavor development in soy sauce, was investigated. it was shown that threonine inhibited the growth of z. rouxii by blocking the methionine synthesis. it seemed that threonine blocked this synthesis by inhibiting the conversion of aspartate. in addition, it was shown that the growth of z. rouxii, unlike that of saccharomyces ... | 2000 | 10862915 |
| microbial counts and invert sugars in juice extracts from stored tubers of cyperus esculentus linn. (earth almond). | the microbial populations and the levels of invert sugars in juice extracts from healthy tubers of cyperus esculentus l. stored at 10, 20, 30 and 40 degrees c were determined. bacterial counts increased with time and attained the peak on the 25th and 35th d at 40 and 30 degrees c respectively. similar trends were obtained for the yeasts, but the peak counts were recorded on the 20th and 35th d at 40 and 30 degrees c respectively. at 10 and 20 degrees c, the counts, both for bacteria and yeasts i ... | 1993 | 8121474 |
| generality of the shared active site among yeast family site-specific recombinases. the r site-specific recombinase follows the flp paradigm [corrected]. | mutations of the invariant int family tetrad residues, the rhr triad, and the active site tyrosine, within the zygosaccharomyces rouxii site-specific recombinase r cause the same "step-arrest" phenotypes as they do in the flp recombinase of saccharomyces cerevisiae. in "half-site" recombinations, the r recombinase exhibits catalytic complementation between an rhr triad mutant and an active site tyrosine mutant. strand cutting by r follows the "trans" dna cleavage rule. these results are best exp ... | 1994 | 8175691 |
| efficient transformation of the osmotolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii by electroporation. | a rapid and simple electroporation method to transform osmotolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii has been developed and conditions for efficient transformation of mutants derived from different z. rouxii wild-type strains optimized. | 2003 | 14529972 |
| three yeast genes, pir1, pir2 and pir3, containing internal tandem repeats, are related to each other, and pir1 and pir2 are required for tolerance to heat shock. | we isolated three highly homologous genes, pir1, pir2 and pir3, collectively called the pir genes. the remarkable feature of their putative amino acid sequence is that they contain a sequence consisting of 18-19 amino acid residues repeated tandemly seven to ten times. genes homologous to pir were found in kluyveromyces lactis and zygosaccharomyces rouxii but not in schizosaccharomyces pombe, suggesting that a set of pir genes plays some role in budding yeast. bias of codon usage seen in each of ... | 1993 | 8322511 |
| genomic exploration of the hemiascomycetous yeasts: 8. zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | this paper reports the genomic analysis of strain cbs732 of zygosaccharomyces rouxii, a homothallic diploid yeast. we explored the sequences of 4934 random sequencing tags of about 1 kb in size and compared them to the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene products. approximately 2250 nuclear genes, 57 trnas, the rdna locus, the endogenous psr1 plasmid and 15 mitochondrial genes were identified. according to 18s and 25s rrna cladograms and to synteny analysis, z. rouxii could be placed among the s. cere ... | 2000 | 11152883 |
| cloning of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes (zrgpd1 and zrgpd2) and glycerol dehydrogenase genes (zrgcy1 and zrgcy2) from the salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | the zrgpd1 and zrgpd2 genes encoding putative glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases were isolated from the salt-tolerant yeast, zygosaccharomyces rouxii. both genes are homologous to gpd1 of saccharomyces cerevisiae and are constitutively expressed in z. rouxii cells. putative glycerol dehydrogenase genes, zrgcy1 and zrgcy2, which are highly homologous to gcy1 of s. cerevisiae, were also isolated. since the level of transcripts of zrgcy1 and zrgcy2 increased in z. rouxii cells subjected to salt st ... | 2001 | 11378901 |
| immobilized salt-tolerant yeasts: application of a new polyethylene-oxide support in a continuous stirred-tank reactor for flavour production. | immobilization of salt-tolerant yeasts considerably decreases the total time required for the flavour development in soy-sauce processes. for immobilization of cells, alginate gel is mostly used as support material. however, alginate is not very suitable for use in soy-sauce processes because alginate is sensitive to abrasion and chemically unstable towards the high salt content of the soy-sauce medium. in contrast, a newly developed polyethylene-oxide gel seems to be more suitable, but this gel ... | 2001 | 11403847 |
| inhibitory activity of essential oils of garlic and onion against bacteria and yeasts. | the essential oils of garlic and onion and their constituent sulfides with three or more sulfur atoms were potent inhibitors of yeast growth. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of garlic oil, onion oil, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl tetrasulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide for all the yeasts tested ranged between 2 and 45 ppm. the oils and their constituent sulfides, however, were only very weakly antibacterial, showing minimum inhibitory concentrations of greater than 300 ppm for most of the bact ... | 2004 | 15035364 |
| [degradation of methamidophos by saccharomyces rouxii wy-3]. | a strain of yeast wy-3 was isolated from wastewater sample. it is capable of utilizing methamidophos as sole nitrogen and phosphorus sources, and also capable of utilizing methylamine, ethylamine and ammonium sulfate as nitrogen sources except nitrate and hydroxylamine. the yeast could grow in medinm containing 60% glucose and was identified as saccharomyces rouxii wy-3. the strain contains a high active acid phosphatase. the crude enzyme was applied to a plate of polyacrylanide gel for electrop ... | 2001 | 11569111 |
| estimation of steady-state culture characteristics during acceleration-stats with yeasts. | steady-state culture characteristics are usually determined in chemostat cultivations, which are very time-consuming. in contrast, acceleration-stat (a-stat) cultivations in which the dilution rate is continuously changed with a constant acceleration rate are not so time-consuming, especially at high acceleration rates. therefore, the a-stat could be advantageous to use instead of the chemostat. however, the highest acceleration rate, meaning the fastest a-stat that can be applied for estimating ... | 2001 | 11590599 |
| role of the glutamic and aspartic residues in na+-atpase function in the zrena1 gene of zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | the effect of replacement of negatively charged amino acid residues on the function of na+ transport proteins of the salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii was examined by heterologous expression of mutant proteins in a strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae, rh16.6, that lacks native na+-atpase activity due to null mutations of ena1, ena2, ena3, and ena4. mutants of na+/h+ antiporter gene (zrsod2) and na+-atpase gene (zrena1) of z. rouxii were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. the signi ... | 2002 | 12007651 |
| genomic evolution of the long terminal repeat retrotransposons in hemiascomycetous yeasts. | we identified putative long terminal repeat- (ltr) retrotransposon sequences among the 50,000 random sequence tags (rsts) obtained by the génolevures project from genomic libraries of 13 hemiascomycetes species. in most cases additional sequencing enabled us to assemble the whole sequences of these retrotransposons. these approaches identified 17 distinct families, 10 of which are defined by full-length elements. we also identified five families of solo ltrs that were not associated with retrotr ... | 2002 | 12045146 |
| fungal chitosan production and its characterization. | the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the chitosans produced by several species of fungi. | 2002 | 12081543 |
| identification of conserved prolyl residue important for transport activity and the substrate specificity range of yeast plasma membrane na+/h+ antiporters. | yeast plasma membrane na+/h+ antiporters are divided according to their substrate specificity in two distinct subfamilies. to identify amino acid residues responsible for substrate specificity determination (recognition of k+), the zygosaccharomyces rouxii sod2-22 antiporter (non-transporting k+) was mutagenized and a collection of zrsod2-22 mutants that improved the kcl tolerance of a salt-sensitive saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was isolated. several independent zrsod2-22 mutated alleles cont ... | 2005 | 15994323 |
| heat resistance of juice spoilage microorganisms. | the heat resistance of various yeasts (saccharomyces cerevisiae, rhodotorula mucilaginosa, torulaspora delbrueckii, and zygosaccharomyces rouxii), molds (penicillium citrinum, penicillium roquefortii, and aspergillus niger), and lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus fermentum and lactobacillus plantarum) obtained from spoiled acid or acidified food products was determined in 0.1 m citrate buffer at ph values of 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0. s. cerevisiae was the most heat resistant of the microorganisms in c ... | 2002 | 12182479 |
| cloning, sequencing and characterization of a gene encoding dihydroxyacetone kinase from zygosaccharomyces rouxii nrrl2547. | the dihydroxyacetone pathway, an alternative pathway for the dissimilation of glycerol via reduction by glycerol dehydrogenase and subsequent phosphorylation by dihydroxyacetone (dha) kinase, is activated in the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and zygosaccharomyces rouxii during osmotic stress. in experiments aimed at investigating the physiological function of the dha pathway in z. rouxii, a typical osmotolerant yeast, we cloned and characterized a dak gene encoding dihydroxyacetone kinase from ... | 2002 | 12478592 |
| formation of 5-methyl-4-hydroxy-3[2h]-furanone in cytosolic extracts obtained from zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | formation of the flavor compound and precursor 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3[2h]-furanone (hmf, norfuraneol) was demonstrated in cytosolic protein extracts obtained from zygosaccharomyces rouxii after incubation with a number of carbohydrate phosphates. 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3[2h]-furanone was produced from d-fructose-1,6-diphosphate, d-fructose-6-phosphate, d-glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, d-ribose-5-phosphate, and d-ribulose-1,5-diphosphate. enzyme assays revealed d-fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, p ... | 2003 | 12590490 |
| growth of the salt-tolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii in microtiter plates: effects of nacl, ph and temperature on growth and fusel alcohol production from branched-chain amino acids. | zygosaccharomyces rouxii, a salt-tolerant yeast isolated from the soy sauce process, produces fusel alcohols (isoamyl alcohol, active amyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol) from branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine, respectively) via the ehrlich pathway. using a high-throughput screening approach in microtiter plates, we have studied the effects of ph, temperature and salt concentration on growth of z. rouxii and formation of fusel alcohols from branched-chain amino acids. appl ... | 2003 | 12689638 |
| identification of salt-induced genes of zygosaccharomyces rouxii by using saccharomyces cerevisiae genefilters. | yeast genefilters containing all saccharomyces cerevisiae open reading frame (orf) sequences were used to elucidate gene activity in the osmotolerant yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii. labelled cdna derived from z. rouxii was targeted to spotted s. cerevisiae orfs. approximately 90-100% homology of z. rouxii genes with those of s. cerevisiae was required for definitive identification of the cdnas hybridised to genefilter. hybridised labelled cdnas were visualised as small spots on the microarray, p ... | 2002 | 12702268 |
| cloning and characterization of genes encoding trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps1) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (tps2) from zygosaccharomyces rouxii. | in many organisms, trehalose protects against several environmental stresses, such as heat, desiccation, and salt, probably by stabilizing protein structures and lipid membranes. trehalose synthesis in yeast is mediated by a complex of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps1) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (tps2). in this study, genes encoding tps1 and tps2 were isolated from zygosaccharomyces rouxii (designated zrtps1 and zrtps2, respectively). they were functionally identified by their com ... | 2003 | 12748054 |
| physiological characterization of osmotolerant yeast pichia sorbitophila and comparison with a putative synonym pichia farinosa. | the osmotolerant yeast pichia sorbitophila was found to differ from other yeast species, not only from the conventional ones (saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe), but also from those widely known as osmotolerant (debaryomyces hansenii, zygosaccharomyces rouxii). p. sorbitophila was able to survive extremely high extracellular concentrations of salts (e.g., saturated solution of kcl) and other osmolytes (70% glucitol), although it is not classified as halophilic (or osmophilic). ... | 2003 | 12800505 |
| formation of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3[2h]-furanone by zygosaccharomyces rouxii: identification of an intermediate. | the formation of the important flavor compound 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3[2h]-furanone (hdmf; furaneol) from d-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the yeast zygosaccharomyces rouxii was studied with regard to the identification of intermediates present in the culture medium. addition of o-phenylenediamine, a trapping reagent for alpha-dicarbonyls, to the culture medium and subsequent analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detection revealed the formation of three quinoxaline der ... | 2003 | 12839760 |