| methanol oxidation by the nad-specific dehydrogenase of methane-assimilating yeasts. | the activity of nad-specific dehydrogenase (nad-dh) capable of methanol oxidation was found in cell-free extracts of methanol assimilating yeast cultures pichia pinus and candida boidinii. the optimum ph of the incubation mixture for the enzyme is 7.8--7.9; the value of km of the enzyme for methanol is 1.4-10(-4) m in p. pinus and 1.04-10(-3) m in c. boidinii. nad-dh is absent from the cells cultivated on glucose, and is induced with growth on a medium containing methanol. | 1977 | 16199 |
| [isolation and properties of merodiploid strains with f-factor including the pts-region of the escherichia coli k-12 chromosome]. | a technique of hybridization of haploid methanol-utilizing yeast pichia pinus mh4 is worked out using uv- and n-nitrosoguanidine-induced auxotrophic mutants. vegetative diploid cultures are isolated. tetrad analysis and random spore analysis have revealed a meiotic nature of spores, recombination of genetic material in the process of sporulation and the chromosomal nature of some mutations. a possibility to construct a genetic map of the yeast pichia pinus mh4 is demonstrated on the basis of tet ... | 1977 | 330316 |
| [inactivating effect of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine on yeasts with different ploidies]. | haploid and diploid strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae, sacch. ellipsoideus and pichia pinus were studied. differences in n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) sensitivity were detected both between haploids and diploids of the same species and between the corresponding strains of different species. survival curves after mnng treatment of all strains irrespectively of ploidy were exponential with "a tail". all the strains also exhibited the delayed appearance of clones from mnng-treated c ... | 1978 | 363506 |
| [comparative study of the protein makeup in diploid and haploid forms of saccharomyces and pichia]. | the rates of growth, biomass accumulation, and electrophoretic spectra of mobile cytoplasmic proteins were studied with nonisogenous haploid and diploid cultures of saccharomyces cerevisiae and pichia guilliermondii as well as with isogenous haploid-diploid pairs of saccharomyces cerevisiae and pichia pinus. on a mineral medium with glucose, differences in these parameters in various yeast strains were found to be due to the genotype of a strain rather than to ploidy: nonisogenous haploid and di ... | 1979 | 384183 |
| some physiological observations on the uptake of d-glucose and 2-deoxy-d-glucose by starving and exponentially-growing yeasts. | some methods for measuring the uptake of sugars by yeasts were investigated critically. a study was made of the effects of starvation of pichia pinus, candida utilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and rhodosporidium toruloides on their uptake of d-glucose and 2-deoxy-d-glucose. marked changes in the rates of uptake of these sugars occured during 10 h of starvation, including (a) an immediate increase of up to 75% above that for growing cells and (b) a continuous decline to as little as 4%. each yeast ... | 1976 | 797335 |
| s-formylgluthathione: the substrate for formate dehydrogenase in methanol-utilizing yeasts. | formaldehyde dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase were purified 45- and 16-fold, respectively, from hansenula polymorpha grown on methanol. formaldehyde dehydrogenase was strictly dependent on nad and glutathione for activity. the km values of the enzyme were found to be 0.18 mm for glutathione, 0.21 mm for formaldehyde and 0.15 mm for nad. the enzyme catalyzed the glutathione-dependent oxidation of formaldehyde to s-formylglutathione. the reaction was shown to be reversible: at ph 8.0 a km o ... | 1976 | 1015961 |
| carbohydrate binding specificity of the lectin from the pea (pisum sativum). | hapten inhibition measurements on the precipitin reaction between pisum sativum lectin and pichia pinus phosphomannan showed the lectin to bind d-mannose, d-glucose, d-fructose and l-sorbose. unmodified hydroxyl groups at the c-4 and the c-6 positions of the d-glucopyranose ring were essential for binding to the protein. modification of the c-2 hydroxyl group was allowed in the d-glucopyranose ring but not in the d-mannopyranose configuration. substitution of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom at the c- ... | 1975 | 1122297 |
| the entry of d-ribose into some yeasts of the genus pichia. | the utilization of d-ribose by yeasts of the genus pichia was examined with respect to aerobic growth, respiration and entry of ribose into the cells. pichia etchellsii (cbs2011) could respire d-ribose, but not use it for aerobic growth. pichia fermentans (cbs187) neither respired nor grew on d-ribose, though it entered the cells of this yeast either by simple diffusion, or possibly, by the d-glucose carrier, this having a very low affinity for d-ribose. pichia pinus (cbs5097) respired and grew ... | 1975 | 1176959 |
| [cellular microbiosensors for methanol and ethanol determination on the basis of ph-sensitive field transistors]. | cellular sensors for methanol and ethanol determination were developed using immobilized mutant cells of methylotrophic yeasts hansenula polymorpha and pichia pinus (able to extrude protons in the presence of alcohol) and ph-sensitive field effect transistors (ph-sfets). the intact cells of yeasts were immobilized in ca-alginate gel to obtain a biomembrane. the minimal detectable response was obtained to approximately 0.5 mm of methanol and ethanol, a linear dependence of biosensor's response on ... | 1992 | 1440974 |
| [competition of isogenic haploid and diploid cells of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and pichia pinus growing in mixed populations]. | during "quasi-continuous" cultivation in rich and minimal media diploid yeast cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae completely displace isogenic haploid ones. when pichia pinus are cultivated in the minimal medium, the diploids also have an advantage over isogenic haploids. the results are discussed within the framework of the hypothesis of fixation of diploid phase in the course of biological evolution. | 1991 | 1770869 |
| structure comparison and evolutionary relations between elongation factors ef-tu (ef-1 alpha) and sup 2 proteins. | on the basis of high homology and structural similarity, three genes, sup2 saccharomyces cerevisiae, sup2 pichia pinus and gst1 homo sapiens, might be considered as members of one family named sup2. comparison of the primary structure of sup2 proteins and elongation factors ef-tu(ef-1 alpha) from 19 different species was performed. it was found that sup2 proteins bear more homology to eukaryotic elongation factor than to procaryotic ef-tu, though the degree of sequence conservation in sup2 prote ... | 1991 | 1778473 |
| divergence and conservation of sup2 (sup35) gene of yeast pichia pinus and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | sup2 (sup35) is an omnipotent suppressor gene, coding for an ef-1 alpha-like protein factor, intimately involved in the control of translational accuracy in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. in the present study a sup2 gene analogue from yeast pichia pinus was isolated by complementation of the temperature-sensitive sup2 mutation of s. cerevisiae. the nucleotide sequence of the sup2 gene of p. pinus codes for a protein of 82.4 kda, exceeding the sup2 protein of s. cerevisiae by 6 kda. like the sup ... | 1990 | 2080663 |
| [comparative analysis of the structure of sup2 genes in pichia pinus and saccharomyces cerevisiae]. | sup2(sup35) is an omnipotent suppressor gene, coding for an ef-1 alpha-like protein factor, involved in the control of translational accuracy in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. a sup2 gene analogue from yeast pichia pinus was isolated by complementation of temperature-sensitive sup2 mutation of s. cerevisiae. nucleotide sequence of the sup2 gene of p. pinus codes for a protein of 82.4 kda exceeding the sup2 protein of s. cerevisiae for 6 kda. the sup2 gene product of p. pinus is similar to the s ... | 1990 | 2250670 |
| [regularities of posthyperthermic recovery in haploid and diploid yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and pichia pinus]. | isogenic diploid cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae are more sensitive to hyperthermic treatment (50 degrees c) than haploid ones, the posthyperthermical recovery efficiency being the same for both the cell types. in contrast to this, thermosensitivity of haploid and diploid cells of pichia pinus does not practically differ, the posthyperthermic recovery efficiency for both the cell types being also the same. it is shown that diploid cells of p. pinus in the logarithmic phase of their growth are ... | 1989 | 2683272 |
| [relative competitiveness of haploid and diploid yeast cells growing in a mixed population]. | saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in a rich medium under the conditions of "quasi-continuous" cultivation and, after 200-300 generations, its diploid cells almost completely displaced haploid cells from the original mixed "haploid-diploid" population where the ratio between diploid and haploid strains was either 1:1 or 1:100. the cultivation at 40 degrees c did not change the relative competitive ability of haploids and diploids. when cells were cultivated in a rich medium at 6 degrees c or in ... | 1989 | 2699648 |
| ["illegal" transformation of red adenine-dependent mutants of the yeast pichia pinus by the pye(ade2)2 plasmid]. | the red adenine-dependent mutants ade1 of the yeast pichia pinus blocked in the vi step of adenine biosynthesis (lack of air-carboxylase) and ade2 mutants blocked in the vii step of adenine biosynthesis (lack of saikar-synthase) were transformed with the plasmid pye(ade2)2 containing ade2 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding air-carboxylase. the appearance of white ade+ clones with the frequency 2-7.10(-8) (which is ten-fold higher than reversion frequency) was only observed in the case of ... | 1987 | 2826290 |
| genetic control of methanol utilization in yeasts. | considered are our own data and those found in literature on the properties of yeast mutants impaired in their ability to utilize methanol as sole carbon and energy source; hypotheses about the role of alcohol oxidase and citrate synthase in biogenesis of peroxisomes are proposed. it has been proved that formaldehyde reductase participates in the control of the formaldehyde level in the cell. properties of mutants defective in the catabolite repression and inactivation of enzymes of methanol met ... | 1988 | 3068350 |
| [the nature of methanol-induced acidification of the medium by products of metabolism of methylotrophic yeasts]. | the washed cells of hansenula polymorpha and pichia pinus grown on the medium with methanol rapidly acidify the medium during incubation with the mentioned alcohol or formaldehyde. it is found that proton extrusion is coupled with formate anion efflux. acidification is proved to be energy-dependent process since it is inhibited by respiration poisons, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, and by atpase inhibitors. | 1988 | 3284121 |
| yeast mannans inhibit binding and phagocytosis of zymosan by mouse peritoneal macrophages. | we have examined the effects of various mannans, glycoproteins, oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, and sugar phosphates on the binding and phagocytosis of yeast cell walls (zymosan) by mouse peritoneal macrophages. a phosphonomannan (po(4):mannose ratio = 1:8:6) from kloeckera brevis was the most potent inhibitor tested; it inhibited binding and phagocytosis by 50 percent at concentrations of approximately 3-5 mug/ml and 10 mug/ml, respectively. removal of the phosphate from this mannan by mild ... | 1983 | 6298248 |
| [comparative study of the spectra and activities of isoenzymes in haploid and autodiploid strains of pichia pinus]. | the spectra and activities of isozymes of hexokinase and alcohol dehydrogenase (enzymes that catalyse glucose and ethanol assimilation), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate shunt) and malate dehydrogenase (an enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle) were comparatively studied in pichia pinus haploid (mh4) and autodiploid (d4) strains. differences in the qualitative composition of the isoenzyme spectra and activities suggest that the intensity and the role of ... | 1983 | 6341787 |
| [postradiation recovery in pichia pinus yeasts]. | a study was made of the postirradiation recovery of yeast pichia pinus exposed to gamma-quanta and alpha-particles. no recovery was noted in the haploid cells: the nonreversible component k = 1. in the diploid cells, the nonreversible component k = 0.7 and k = 0.8 after exposure to gamma-quanta and alpha-particles, respectively. | 1983 | 6346386 |
| serological differences between the multiple amine oxidases of yeasts and comparison of the specificities of the purified enzymes from candida utilis and pichia pastoris. | 1. antiserum to purified methylamine oxidase of candida boidinii formed precipitin lines (with spurs) in double-diffusion tests with crude extracts of methylamine-grown cells of the following yeast species: candida nagoyaensis, candida nemodendra, hansenula minuta, hansenula polymorpha and pichia pinus. no cross-reaction was observed with extracts of candida lipolytica, candida steatolytica, candida tropicalis, candida utilis, pichia pastoris, sporobolomyces albo-rubescens, sporopachydermia cere ... | 1983 | 6409096 |
| [increase in yeast and bacterial sensitivity to inhibitors and riboflavin as affected by high sulfate and phosphate concentrations]. | cultivation of the yeast pichia guilliermondii in a medium with a high content of sulfate or phosphate ions (0.6 m and higher) increased its susceptibility to actinomycin d and 7-methyl-8-trifluoromethyl 10-(1'-d-ribityl)isoalloxazin, and analog of riboflavin, and decreased the requirement of the riboflavin-dependent mutant p7 in exogenous vitamin b2. the protoplasts of the yeast were also very susceptible to actinomycin d when they were incubated in a medium with a high sulfate concentration. s ... | 1981 | 7017354 |
| [autoselection of pichia pinus yeasts by 3-stage multiflow cultivation]. | three-stage multiflow cultivation of the yeast pichia pinus, with the flow rates of 0.27, 0.6 and 1.2 hr-1, respectively, in the first, second and third fermenters, resulted in autoselection and the parent strain was substituted by a selective one in the third fermenter. the selective strain differed from the parent one by the size of cells, had a higher specific growth rate, and contained more protein. these properties of the selective strain were preserved in the course of one-stage cultivatio ... | 1980 | 7393009 |
| [comparative study of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of haploid and diploid pichia pinus strains in their growth process on a glucose medium]. | the economic coefficient, the growth rate, the quantitative content of bound amino acids, and the activities of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, phosphorylase, malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were studied comparatively in the haploid and diploid strains of pichia pinus in the process of their growth in a medium containing glucose. an increase in the content of dna in the cells was found to be accompanied with an increase of the specific growth rate at the exponential phase ... | 1980 | 7402124 |
| flavin-dependent alcohol oxidase from the yeast pichia pinus. spatial localization of the coenzyme fad in the protein structure: hot-tritium bombardment and esr experiments. | the spatial localization of the coenzyme fad in the quaternary structure of the alcohol oxidase from the yeast pichia pinus was studied by tritium planigraphy and esr methods. in the present paper we measured the specific radioactivity of fad labelled as a part of the alcohol oxidase complex. the specific-radioactivity ratio for two fad portions (fmn and amp) was calculated. esr experiments show 4 a (0.4 nm) to be the depth of immersion of paramagnetic isoalloxazines into alcohol oxidase octamer ... | 1995 | 7654201 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of pichia pinus mutants insensitive to glucose repression. | a new method for the isolation of glucose repression-insensitive mutants in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pinus was developed. the method is based on screening of small suspension samples derived from 2-deoxyglucose-resistant colonies for alcohol oxidase activity. alcohol oxidase activity was evaluated by determination of formaldehyde excreted by cells. mutants with glucose non-repressible alcohol oxidase and catalase synthesis were obtained. all mutants grew poorly on d-xylose compared to the ... | 1994 | 7871885 |
| [ferrireductase from pichia guilliermondii: properties and regulation of activity and synthesis]. | properties of pichia guilliermondii ferrireductase of the crude extracts and ammonium sulfate preparations were studied. nadh and cu (ii) ions are necessary for ferrireductase activity. mg (ii) also stimulates this reaction while oxygen acts as a slight inhibitor. ferrireductase reduces fe (iii) in complex with citrate, iron-binding peptide from the culture medium of p. guilliermondii, rhodotorulic acid, coprogen, desferrioxamine b and edta. mutants rib80, rib81 and hit of pichia guilliermondii ... | 1995 | 8588251 |
| radiosensitivity of haplont yeast cells irradiated with sparsely and densely ionizing radiations. | five haploid and three diploid yeast strains of various species (yarrowia lipolytica, pichia pinus and pichia guilliermondii) were irradiated with alpha-particles from 239pu and gamma-rays from 137cs or 60co in the stationary phase of growth. a common feature of these species is that they exhibit a haploid state as a normal vegetative state in natural conditions. it was shown that the transition from the haploid to the diploid state is not accompanied by increased radioresistance, and diploid st ... | 1996 | 8876681 |
| evaluation of enzymes produced from yeast. | pichia pinus was found to be capable of growing on mango wastes, producing pectinase (pectin lyase, ec-4.2.2.10) and lactase (beta-galactosidase, ec-3.2.1.23) enzymes. the two enzymes were successively purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate followed by chromatography on sephadex g-120. the purification procedure provided 1,846 and 929 fold purification with 20.6 and 24% yield recovery of pectinase and lactase, respectively. the km value of pectinase was 0.33% for pectin at ph 4.5 and th ... | 2000 | 10703000 |
| microbial reduction of alpha-chloroketone to alpha-chlorohydrin. | microbial reduction of alpha-chloroketone to alpha-chlorohydrin was studied as one of the approaches for construction of the chiral center of the corresponding epoxide. about 100 microorganisms covering many species of candida, pichia, hansenula, geotrichum, rhodococcus and aureobasidium were screened to reduce the alpha-chloroketone stereospecifically. many strains provided the r-alpha-chlorohydrin with 100% enantiomeric excess (ee), e.g., candida sonorensis sc 16117, geotrichum candidum sc 546 ... | 2001 | 11494099 |
| polyol production by culture of methanol-utilizing yeast. | four methanol-utilizing yeasts, candida boidinii, hansenula polymorpha, hansenula ofunaensis, and pichia pinus, produced polyols from corresponding sugars in a methanol medium. h. polymorpha produced larger amounts of xylitol than the other yeasts. productivity was the highest at ph 8 when 5 g (dry)/l cultured cells were incubated with 2.5 g/l urea as the nitrogen source in a medium containing 1% (v/v) methanol and 1 g/l mgso4.7h2o. under these conditions, 57 g/l xylitol was obtained from 110 g/ ... | 2000 | 16232735 |
| ogataea ganodermae sp. nov., a methanol-assimilating yeast species isolated from basidiocarps of ganoderma sp. | three methanol-utilizing yeast strains were isolated from basidiocarps of ganoderma sp. collected from a tree trunk in mangshan mountain, hunan province, southern china. these strains formed hat-shaped ascospores in unconjugated and deliquescent asci. sequence analysis of the large-subunit rrna gene d1/d2 domain and internal transcribed spacer (its) region, electrophoretic karyotype comparison and phenotypic characterization demonstrated that the three strains represent a novel species of the ge ... | 2008 | 18523203 |
| ogataea paradorogensis sp. nov., a novel methylotrophic ascomycetous yeast species isolated from galleries of ambrosia beetles in japan, with a close relation to pichia dorogensis. | two yeast strains isolated from galleries of ambrosia beetles in japan and maintained in nite biological resource center (nbrc) as pichia pini were found to represent a hitherto undescribed species. this species shows close relationship to pichia dorogensis by the sequence analysis of the d1/d2 domain of 26s rdna but is clearly differentiated from it by a dna-dna reassociation experiment. it is described as ogataea paradorogensis sp. nov. the vegetative cells and asci of this species are surroun ... | 2008 | 19164880 |
| interactions between the yeast ogataea pini and filamentous fungi associated with the western pine beetle. | ecologically important microbes other than filamentous fungi can be housed within the fungal-transport structures (mycangia) of dendroctonus bark beetles. the yeast ogataea pini (saccharomycetales: saccharomycetaceae) was isolated from the mycangia of western pine beetle (dendroctonus brevicomis) populations in northern arizona (usa) with a frequency of 56%. we performed a series of in vitro assays to test whether volatile organic compounds produced by o. pini affected radial growth rates of mut ... | 2010 | 21085946 |
| reciprocal interactions between the bark-beetle associated yeast ogataea pini and host plant phytochemistry. | here we report the first experiments testing reciprocal effects between the bark beetle-associated yeast, ogataea pini, and phytochemicals present in tree tissues (pinus ponderosa). we tested two hypotheses: (1) tree phytochemicals mediate o. pini growth; and (2) o. pini affects chemical composition of plant tissues. we tested six monoterpenes on o. pini biomass growth in vitro and found that most monoterpenes inhibited o. pini growth; however, mean o. pini biomass increased 21.5% when treated w ... | 2011 | 21659459 |
| the ecology of yeasts in the bark beetle holobiont: a century of research revisited. | yeasts are extremely common associates of scolytine bark beetles, yet the basic ecology of yeasts in the bark beetle holobiont remains poorly understood. yeasts are present in all beetle life stages and consistently isolated from adult, larval, and pupal integuments and mycangial structures, but yeasts are also found in oviposition galleries, pupal chambers, larval and adult digestive tracts, as well as phloem and xylem tissues. yeasts in the saccharomycetaceae family are the most prevalent asso ... | 2015 | 25117532 |
| quantification of different yeasts associated with the bark beetle,ips typographus, during its attack on a spruce tree. | there were different amounts and types of yeasts associated with individuals ofips typographus spruce bark beetles during different phases of their attack on a healthy spruce tree. the yeasts were isolated on sabouraud agar medium in order to identify them and estimate their numbers.hansenula holstii andcandida diddensii type yeasts were most frequently isolated. the increase in number of these two yeast types probably accounted for most of the total yeast increase found during the later attack ... | 1986 | 24212541 |
| genetic control of cell type and complex organization of the mating type locus in the yeast pichia pinus. | genetic mechanisms of switching the mating type locus mat1 in the homothallic yeast pichia pinus were studied. by analysis of mutations affecting mat1 complex structural and functional organization of this locus was shown. the existence of two functional regions in mat1 is postulated. region i controls mating ability of haploid cells, determines the neutrality of heterozygous cells and regulates the work of region ii. region ii controls meiosis and/or sporulation in the cultures heterozygous for ... | 1982 | 24186229 |