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serological relationships among some pichia species.antigenic analyses of five species of the genus pichia were carried out for taxonomic study by the slide agglutination method using monospecific and absorbed antisera and the agglutinin absorption technique. comparative studies were also performed with a few strains of each of the same species and their classifications are discussed with respect to the antigenic structures and the patterns of proton magnetic resonance (pmr) spectra of their cell wall polysaccharides. ichia delftensis and pichia ...1976190431
experimental hematogenous endophthalmitis due to candida: species variation in ocular pathogenicity.the ocular pathogenicity of species of candida other than albicans was studied in the rabbit model of hematogenous candida endophthalmitis by injection of 10(5)-10(8) colony-forming units of candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, candida guilliermondii, candida tropicalis, candida stellateoidea, and candida albicans (control). at one and three weeks after infection, rabbits were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and were sacrificed for culture of eyes and kidneys. with an inoculum of 10(8) orga ...1977320277
[cultural and serologic examination for saccharomycetic infection in pregnant women (author's transl)].cultures from retrolingual, vaginal, and anal smears were used to determine the presence of saccharomycetic infection in 177 pregnant women. the retrolingual smear was saccharomyces-positive in 29.1% of the cases; the vaginal smear, in 18.1%; the anal smear, in 7.3%. the fungus differentiation revealed the pathogen candida albicans 85 times and the pathogen candida krusei, 1 time. the candida ha test and the candida jf test (roche) were carried out in 160 of the patients. a relationship could be ...1977333800
the in vitro fungicidal properties of visco-gel, alone and combined with nystatin and amphotericin b.the in vitro effect of the tissue conditioner visco-gel, with or without the inclusion of nystatin and amphotericin b, upon candida albicans, candida krusei and candida tropicalis, has been studied. visco-gel alone was completely inert and would therefore not be used without nystatin in the treatment of a denture stomatitis where a yeast infection was present. amphotericin b became completely ineffective when mixed with visco-gel, but in control tests remained very active.1978361931
the ultrastructure of candida krusei.various methods of chemical fixation and freeze-drying of candida krusei were compared to determine the most appropriate method for the ultrastructural investigation of the thick walled organisms of this genus. freeze-drying without chemical fixation was of little value because of insufficient variation in electron density. potassium permanganate was able to penetrate the intact cell but failed to show cytoplasmic glycogen and lipid and some details of the cell wall. while normal glutaraldehyde, ...1975807847
mycotic flora in the lower digestive tract of feral pigeons (columba livia) in the el paso, texas area.fourteen species of fungus were isolated from the lower digestive tract of 39 of 80 pigeons. sixteen pigeons had concurrent isolations while two harbored three species. fungi isolated were allescheria boydii, aspergillus spp., candida krusei, chrysosporium spp., geotrichum candidum, mucor spp., paeciliomyces spp., penicillium spp., rhizopus spp., rhodotorula spp., scopulariopsis spp., streptomyces spp., and trichosporon cutaneum. there was no apparent evidence that these fungi were associated wi ...19761255918
[candida krusei in genital infections].frequency of appearance of candida krusei in human reproductive tract, susceptibility of these microorganisms to drugs and their importance in pathogenesis of mycosis, were investigated. strains c. krusei species constituted 6.7% of the total 1325 strains and 21.8% within other than c. albicans species yeast-like fungi. vaginal mycosis caused by fungi from c. krusei species occurs in presence of lactobacillus sp. and correct values of ph in vaginal contents, however changed leukocytosis in evide ...19921297039
[chronic cutaneous candidiasis caused by candida krusei]. 19921301703
in vitro susceptibility of 245 yeast isolates to amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole.the in vitro activity of amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole was tested against 245 yeast strains isolated from clinical specimens (68 candida albicans, 74 candida tropicalis, 43 candida krusei, 28 candida glabrata, 19 candida parapsilosis, 8 candida lusitaniae and 5 candida guilliermondii). an agar dilution method was employed to carry out testing. minimal inhibitory concentrations to restrain 90% of isolate growth (mic90) ranged from 0.12 to 2 mg/l for ...19921337508
prophylactic fluconazole and candida krusei infections. 19921343806
colony morphotype on sabouraud-triphenyltetrazolium agar: a simple and inexpensive method for candida subspecies discrimination.a new method of candida subspecies discrimination on sabouraud-triphenyltetrazolium agar is reported. five hundred sixty-two strains of candida and torulopsis glabrata, previously identified by conventional mycological methods, were studied. each strain received a three-letter code and a number based on its colonial morphology. sixteen morphotypes were found for candida albicans, 6 were found for candida parapsilosis, 4 were found for both candida guilliermondii and candida krusei, and 12 were f ...19921400981
[limulus test (factor g) and polysaccharides from fungus].picogram quantifies per ml of endotoxin showed a positive limulus test. the concentration more than ten pg/ml of curdlan ((1-3)-beta-d-glucan) was also positive to a conventional limulus test, which contains a factor g. one nanogram per ml of cm-curdlan was positive, but higher concentration of 10 pg/ml of cm-curdlan decreased its optical density of the conventional limulus test. more than one hundred ng/ml of mannan from saccharomyces cerevisiae did not react with factor g. however, a culture s ...19921402105
detection of serum candida antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a latex agglutination test with anti-candida albicans and anti-candida krusei antibodies.serum samples from 197 patients with and without candidiasis were assayed for candida albicans mannan and candida krusei mannan by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a latex agglutination test (la) and for d-arabinitol by the enzymatic fluorometric method. of the 43 patients positive for c. albicans mannan (> or = 0.2 ng/ml), 34 were infected with c. albicans and 9 were infected with candida tropicalis. c. krusei mannan (> or = 0.3 ng/ml) was detected in 10 patients infected with c ...19921452696
candida krusei sepsis in hiv infection. 19921503698
disseminated fungal disease resistant to fluconazole treatment in a child with leukemia.during a chemotherapy induced leukopenic period fluconazole (3 mg/kg/day i.v.) was administered as empiric antifungal treatment in a 5-year-old girl with leukemia and a presumed catheter infection due to staphylococcus epidermidis. despite intensive treatment with antibiotics and fluconazole the patient died. in one blood culture candida krusei was isolated post mortem, and at autopsy aspergillus fumigatus was found in multiple organs. both fungi showed high mic values to fluconazole. we feel th ...19921509246
prophylactic fluconazole and candida krusei infection. 19921542332
prophylactic fluconazole and candida krusei infection. 19921542333
invasive infections due to candida krusei: report of ten cases of fungemia that include three cases of endophthalmitis.candida krusei has become an increasingly important invasive pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised patients. previous experimental and clinical experience suggest that c. krusei has a low propensity for hematogenously infecting the eye. we report 10 cases of fungemia due to c. krusei at our institutions, including three cases of endophthalmitis due to c. krusei. fungemia was associated with nodular skin lesions in all seven patients with neutropenia and occurred despite administration of a ...19921554833
[shifts in the species spectrum of mycoses in the netherlands from 1970-1990].a review is presented of yeast and mould infections occurring in humans in the netherlands. the occurrence of the dermatophytes trichophyton rubrum and t. mentagrophytes tends to increase, while microsporum canis and particularly epidermophyton floccosum have become less common. the yeast candida glabrata is particularly often involved in infections of the urinary tract. candida krusei, c. parapsilosis and c. tropicalis have become less significant. remarkable differences are found between the s ...19921557162
a controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.superficial and systemic fungal infections are a major problem among severely immunocompromised patients who undergo bone marrow transplantation. we performed a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial in which patients receiving bone marrow transplants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or fluconazole (400 mg daily). fluconazole or placebo was administered prophylactically from the start of the conditioning regimen until the neutrophil count returned to 1000 per microliter, toxicity w ...19921542320
effect of "in vitro" exposure of bovine alveolar macrophages to different strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus.a vaccine strain of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus and an isolate from pneumonic calves (ac2) were inoculated onto cultures of bovine alveolar macrophages recovered by lung lavage, and the functional properties of the cells observed over a period of 10 days. in most cultures no infectious virus was produced although immunofluorescence indicated the presence of virus antigens in some cells. no significant difference was noted between infected and control macrophage cultures in their capacity to ...19921595187
candidemia in a tertiary care hospital: epidemiology, risk factors, and predictors of mortality.demographic information, risk factors, therapy, and outcome for all patients who had candidemia at barnes hospital, st. louis, between 1 september 1988 and 1 september 1989 were retrospectively reviewed. one hundred six candidemic patients were identified, representing 0.5% of all medical and surgical discharges and 0.33% of total patient discharges. these percentages represent a 20-fold increase in the incidence of candidemia at our hospital in comparison with that during 1976-1979. candida alb ...19921520786
accelerated natural lactic fermentation of cereal-based formulas at reduced water activity.energy required to dehydrate fermented cereal-based food formulas plays a significant part in the production cost. therefore the effect of reduced moisture content on the fermentation was investigated. generally, lactic fermentation at reduced moisture content resulted in increased final ph. significant acidification still occurred at 0.33 kg water/kg dry matter corresponding to either aw = 0.925 in a sorghum-maize-soya (sms) mixture, or aw = 0.950 in a sorghum-maize-milk powder (smm) mixture. a ...19921457290
characterisation of the electron self-exchange rates in hexametaphosphate-cytochrome-c aggregates measured using high-resolution 1h-nmr spectroscopy.1h-nmr spectroscopy has been used to measure the rate of unimolecular electron exchange between cytochrome c molecules in protein aggregates stabilised by the addition of sodium hexametaphosphate. the average intracomplex electron exchange rate is measured from line broadening of hyperfine-shifted resonances of ferricytochrome c in an equimolar mixture of reduced and oxidised protein. the line-broadening due to electron exchange is significantly greater than that due to protein aggregation and r ...19911651236
impact of the changing epidemiology of fungal infections in the 1990s.the increase in fungal infections over the past decade is striking. this is particularly true for hospitalized patients where the rate of candidal bloodstream infection has increased by as much as 487% over the decade of the 1980s. this increase in fungal infections is accompanied by a significant excess mortality and excess length of stay in hospital. the emergence of "new" fungal pathogens such as candida krusei, torulopsis glabrata, fusarium and trichosporon beigelii is now recognized as a si ...19921396747
effects of fluconazole on the sterol and carbohydrate composition of four species of candida.the effects of fluconazole, a bis-triazole antifungal agent, on the sterol and carbohydrate composition of candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida krusei and candida parapsilosis were investigated. exposure of candida species to fluconazole resulted in a profound depletion of ergosterol with a corresponding increase in lanosterol content versus control cells. carbohydrate analysis revealed a significant increase in chitin and either a decrease (candida albicans, candida tropicalis and cand ...19921396728
synergistic interaction of miconazole and fluconazole at sub-mic level on candida albicans.the in vitro combination effect of two azole antimycotics, miconazole and fluconazole, against candida albicans was studied. when minimum (mic) and sub-minimum (sub-mic) inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration (fic) determinations were made, a synergistic interaction of the two agents at the concentration well below their individual mics (at sub-mic levels) was evidenced. the fic index values ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 and the synergy was characterized by the potentiation of ...19921302808
synergistic action of amphotericin b and rifampin against candida species.amphotericin b and rifampin act synergistically against certain yeasts in vitro. whether this synergism is a general phenomenon or whether the effect has strict species and strain requirements was studied. included in a survey of the genus candida were eight human isolates of candida albicans and one strain each of candida krusei, candida tropicalis, candida pseudotropicalis, candida parapsilosis, candida guilliermodnii, and candida stellatoidea. cultures in both control and drug-containing liqu ...19761245767
[yeast flora of plant rhizosphere and phyllosphere].the species belonging to the genera cryptococcus and hansenula with saturnian spores predominate in the rhizosphere of agricultural plants. the sporiferous strains of debaryomyces, hanseniaspora apiculata, metschnikowia pulcherrima, and asporogenic candida krusei and trichosporon cutaneum prevail in the rhizosphere of wild plants. candida krusei and trichosporon cutaneum prevail in the rhizosphere of wild plants. the cultures of rhodotorula, candida krusei and metschnikowia pulcherrima are typic ...19751226148
heterothallism in pichia kudriavzevii and pichia terricola.pichia kudriavzevii and p. terricola were found to be heterothallic, but not interfertile with one another; nor did they mate with p. membranaefaciens, p. scutulata, candida lambica, c. diversa, c. ingens, c. silvae, c. valida, c. vini, c. norvegensis, or torulopsis inconspicua. limited conjugation occurred between mating types of p. kudriavzevii and c. krusei and conjugation and sporulation occurred in mixtures with c. sorbosa. the data indicate c. krusei and c. sorbosa to be the same species a ...19761086649
fluconazole resistance of candida krusei.we present a case of young male treated for a recurrence of acute non lymphoid leukemia who presented a colonization by c. krusei during prophylaxis with fluconazole. the fever episode, which he developed while neutropenic, was resolved with the addition of amphotericin b after the failure of empiric antibiotic therapy. no isolation was performed in blood cultures. a second cycle of antiblastic chemotherapy was needed because of the resistance shown to the first. despite the prophylaxis with flu ...19911670057
fluconazole and candida krusei infections. 19911682374
properties of a rat monoclonal antibody reactive with both the mannan of candida species and the o-antigen 6,7 polysaccharide of serogroup c1 salmonellae.monoclonal antibody masc1-mr9 of isotype immunoglobulin m was generated in lou/c rats by immunization with heat-killed salmonella thompson (serogroup c1, o-antigen 6,7 lipopolysaccharide) bacteria which had been further enriched for o-antigen by coating with homologous lipopolysaccharide. eight monoclonal antibodies were selected by screening against the lipopolysaccharide of s. thompson. in a subsequent test against candida mannan, only one antibody, masc1-mr9, was reactive. immunofluorescence ...19911702760
fungal infection of muscle in acute leukemia.a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and granulocytopenia developed fever and diffuse muscle pain and weakness while under therapy. blood cultures grew candida krusei and autopsy showed diffuse muscle fungal infestation.19761068744
[dermatophyte and candida genus fungal carrier state in piglets].studied were a total of 1200 pigs aged 1, 2, and 3 months, showing no clinical symptoms of skin or hair diseases. it was demonstrated that candida carriers accounted for 2.6 per cent among the animals raised under primitive pigsty conditions, and for 2.5 per cent of those raised under industrial conditions. first of the isolated fungi of this genus ranked candida krusei, followed by c. tropicalis and c. guilliermondi. of the kerationophil fungi k. ajelloi was demonstrated in 0.19 per cent of the ...19761025841
phylogenetic analysis of five medically important candida species as deduced on the basis of small ribosomal subunit rna sequences.the classification of species belonging to the genus candida berkhout is problematic. therefore, we have determined the small ribosomal subunit rna (srrna) sequences of the type strains of three human pathogenic candida species; candida krusei, c. lusitaniae and c. tropicalis. the srrna sequences were aligned with published eukaryotic srrna sequences and evolutionary trees were inferred using a matrix optimization method. an evolutionary tree comprising all available eukaryotic srrna sequences, ...19911865186
[susceptibility to miconazole (base) of isolates from the oral cavity and esophagus of patients with mycosis].an antifungal agent of the imidazole class, miconazole (mcz) (base), was investigated for its in vitro antifungal activities against isolates from the oral cavity and esophagus of patients with mycosis, and the following findings were obtained: 1. those yeast-like fungi which were presumed to be the causative agents were isolated from the oral cavity and esophagus of patients with mycosis, and identified. candida albicans was the most frequently occurring species, accounting for 71.4% of all the ...19911880917
emergence of candida krusei infections after therapy of oropharyngeal candidiasis with fluconazole. 19911915408
[grouping of 13 standard candida krusei strains according to germinative tube formation]. 1977927229
a study on the reaction mechanism of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase from thiobacillus thioparus, an iron-sulfur flavoprotein.the reaction mechanism of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (aps) reductase (ec 1.8.99.2) from thiobacillus thioparus was studied using difference spectrum and stopped-flow techniques. the enzyme-bound fad was rapidly reduced by sulfite with a first order rate constant of 97.1 s-1. the addition of amp induced further spectral changes in the reduced enzyme which were consistent with the oxidation of fadh2 to the red (anionic) semiquinone fadh-) and the concomitant reduction of nonheme iron to the ferro ...1977837249
in vitro susceptibility of 119 yeast isolates to fluconazole, 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin b and ketoconazole.the in vitro activity of fluconazole was tested against 13 yeast species (119 strains) isolated from clinical specimens during a 3-month period. for comparative purposes, three other antifungal compounds (5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin b and ketoconazole) were also tested. the tests were carried out using a microautomated method previously developed in our laboratory. the method allowed us to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of the four antifungal drugs used. for each of the ...19912013239
isolation of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, the major antifungal principle of curcumba zedoaria.an antifungal principle of the dried rhizomes of curcuma zedoaria was extracted with hot ethanol. by successive chromatography on neutral alumina and silica gel, three antibiotic compounds a, b, and c, all active against trichophyton rubrum, aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae, were obtained in chemically pure form. by uv, ir, pmr and ms analysis, the structure of the most abundant one of these compounds (c, 69.8%; h, 6,8%; and 0.23.4%) was assigned as ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (epmc). ...1976785141
the origin and species of yeasts in commercial preparations of bovine semen.whereas yeasts were not normally isolated from raw semen samples 13% of commercial frozen semen samples and 71% of preputial washings contained yeasts. nine genera and 25 species of yeasts have been identified from these two sources. yeasts originating in the preputial cavity were generally saprobic members of the genera candida, cryptococcus, rhodotorula, saccharomyces, torulopsis and trichosporon. those originating as contaminants during processing were more likely to be opportunistic pathogen ...1979570874
[microbiological study of 30 samples of heroin].in the present study, 30 samples of heroin from material seized by the police in vizcaya from 7-1-1987 to 6-30-1988 were investigated. bacillus spp were isolated in 19 samples (63.3%), coagulase negative staphylococci in 14 (46.6%), aspergillus in 3 (10%) and s. aureus in one (3.33%). in addition, chemical analysis of the purity of heroin was carried out with gas chromatography. the purity of the samples ranged from 1.1% to 94.3%. no relation was found between the weight of the sample, its purit ...19902090211
[moulds of bakery dusts (author's transl)].a total of 260 samples from bakery dusts were investigated. the samples were taken in the great part with the sedimentation-method. a large concentration of moulds was found in the meal-room. the fungal flora was here charcterized by species of rhizopus nigricans, mucor and circinella. with a new volumetric sampler a total quantity of 8 680 fungus spores of particles in 1 m3 was registrated. by a re-examination we found 4473. in the baker's rooms besides moulds (aspergillus, penicillium etc.) th ...1977558701
characterization of yeast agglutinins in lavage fluid from lungs of rabbits.rabbits were challenged intratracheally with 10(8) candida albicans or torulopsis glabrata, and their lungs were lavaged 5, 60, and 120 min later. initial lavage samples showed significant agglutination of yeasts, followed by the development of larger aggregates in association with alveolar macrophages. to investigate this early agglutination reaction, lungs of normal rabbits were lavaged with heparinized saline, and after alveolar macrophages were discarded, the cell-free lavage fluid was centr ...1979379248
the yeasts of cheese brines.a total of 365 yeasts were isolated from the brines of soft, semihard and hard cheeses from different manufacturers. identification was based on 131 characteristics, primarily employing a method with microtitration plates. most brines exhibited a characteristic yeast flora. the predominant strains proved to be mainly debaryomyces hansenii and candida versatilis. in a few brines trichosporon beigelii, c. rugosa, c. intermedia, kluyveromyces marxianus, saccharomyces sp. and c. tenuis/polymorpha we ...19902282287
in vitro susceptibility testing of candida isolates from clinical specimens to four antifungal agents.a total of 231 isolates of candida species including 163 of candida albicans (132 of serotype a and 31 of serotype b), 42 of candida tropicalis, 17 of candida glabrata, 7 of candida parapsilosis and 2 of candida krusei were collected from clinical specimens in two medical centers, one in japan and the other in the united states. the in vitro antifungal activities of amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole and fluconazole were evaluated for the above isolates by means of a photo-read broth m ...19902292203
sterol content and polyene antibiotic resistance in isolates of candida krusei, candida parakrusei, and candida tropicalis.three isolates, one from each species of candida krusei, c. parakrusei, and c. tropicalis, obtained from infected patients, were more tolerant of significantly higher concentrations of polyene antibiotics than the corresponding reference wild types. the resistant strains isolated had the same sterols as their wild-type counterparts but in lower concentrations.1977301053
alterations in lung macrophage antimicrobial activity associated with viral pneumonia.secondary bacterial infections are a common sequelae of viral pneumonias. to study 2 functions of the phagocytic defenses of the lung, macrophages were obtained by lung lavage from parainfluenza 1 virus-infected and noninfected mice. the phagocytic capacities (binding, ingestion, and killing) of these cells were assessed in vitro against viable candida krusei. viral pneumonia resulted in a progressive suppression (through day 7 of the infection) of the ability of macrophages to bind candida to t ...1979232689
interaction of cytochrome c with the phosphorprotein phosvitin.candida krusei cytochrome c forms a molecular complex with phosphorprotein phosvitin in weakly alkaline solution of low ionic strength. at most, about 22 molecules of cytochrome c bind to a phosvitin molecule. the complex at the binding ratio below about 11 (half of the maximum ratio) as a much higher binding strength. several lines of evidence indicate that the marked difference in the binding strength is due to the difference in negative charges on phosvitin molecule concerned in the binding o ...1979229914
comparison of in vivo activity of fluconazole with that of amphotericin b against candida tropicalis, candida glabrata, and candida krusei.fluconazole (uk-49,858) is a new oral bis-triazole antifungal agent with demonstrated activity against candida albicans. because of the increasing importance of infections due to other species of candida, we studied the efficacy of fluconazole in a rat model of established systemic candidiasis, using clinical isolates of c. tropicalis, c. glabrata, and c. krusei. in normal rats, oral fluconazole at both 20 and 80 mg/kg per day for 7 days reduced both kidney and liver titers of c. tropicalis and ...19892554797
the effect of nalidixic acid group compounds on reduction of cytochrome c from horse heart and candida krusei.reduction of cytochrome c from both horse heart and candida krusei by feso4 has been demonstrated. this reaction was stimulated by nalidixic acid and structurally related compounds, and the effect was more pronounced for the yeast cytochrome. divalent metal ions other than fe2+ lessened or abolished the stimulation by these compounds. fe2+ and other metal ions altered the spectra of nalidixic acid and related compounds indicating the formation of metal chelate complexes. 1,10-phenanthroline inhi ...1978205625
yeasts associated with the white shrimp penaeus schmitti, sediment, and water of sepetiba bay, rio de janeiro, brasil.samples were collected in a polluted site with mean fecal coliform counts of the water being 9.0 x 10(2)/100 ml and less polluted areas including commercial fishing areas with fecal coliforms typically below 2.0 x 10(1)/100 ml. yeast populations from the polluted site were 4.6 x 10(2) to 9.2 x 10(3)/g of shrimp intestine, 1.0 x 10(1) to 2.4 x 10(2)/g of sediment and 4.0 x 10(-1) to 4.6 x 10(1)/ml of water, and in the less polluted site 3.0 x 10(1) to 2.3 x 10(2)/g of intestines and 3.0 x 10(-1) ...19892750315
studies of individual carbon sites of proteins in solution by natural abundance carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. strategies for assignments.natural abundance 13c fourier transform nmr spectra (at 15.18 mhz, in 20-mm sample tubes) of aqueous native proteins yield numerous narrow single carbon resonances of nonprotonated aromatic carbons. techniques for the assignment of these resonances are presented. each technique is applied to one or more of the following proteins: ferricytochrome c from horse heart and candida krusei, ferrocytochrome c and cyanoferricytochrome c from horse heart, lysozyme from hen egg white, cyanoferrimyoglobins ...1975169240
evaluation of cilofungin, a lipopeptide antifungal agent, in vitro against fungi isolated from clinical specimens.cilofungin (ly121019) is a new lipopeptide antifungal drug. we tested this drug against 141 pathogenic fungal isolates. all fungal species were tested by broth dilution at 35 degrees c. malassezia furfur was tested by agar dilution. the results demonstrate the specificity of cilofungin activity. candida albicans, candida tropicalis, and malassezia pachydermatis were highly susceptible, whereas candida parapsilosis, candida pseudotropicalis, candida krusei, torulopsis glabrata, blastomyces dermat ...19892802565
identification and characterization of mitochondrial translation products in various yeasts and in prototheca zopfii.mitochondrial genomes of different eucaryotes are not all alike. we have examined mitochondrial translation products in a number of yeasts (candida krusei, hansenula saturnus, rhodotorula glutinis, rhodotorula rubra, torulopsis glabrata and saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in prototheca zopfii, a colorless alga, in order to determine whether certain proteins are invariably synthesized within mitochondria, how different these proteins are, and what additional proteins, if any, might be synthesized b ...19852836096
probing stability and dynamics of proteins by protease digestion. i: comparison of protease susceptibility and thermal stability of cytochromes c.protease susceptibility of homologous proteins in their native conformations was studied. this work aims to establish a broad and quantitative basis for the utilization of protease digestion to analyze the local stability of native proteins. using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) the time course of the proteolytic degradation of intact proteins was quantitatively traced. rapid separation of peptide fragments with hplc made possible the elucidation of sequential digestion originating ...19852855973
purification and properties of glutathione transferase from issatchenkia orientalis.glutathione transferase (gst) (ec 2.5.1.18) was purified from a cell extract of issatchenkia orientalis, and two gst isoenzymes were isolated. they had molecular weights of 37,500 and 40,000 and were designated gst y-1 and gst y-2, respectively. gst y-1 and gst y-2 gave single bands with molecular weights of 22,000 and 23,500, respectively, on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. gst y-1 and gst y-2 were immunologically distinguished from each other. gst y-1 showed specific ...19892914866
the effect of penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin and prednisolone treatment of experimental candida krusei infections of the mammary glands of dairy cattle.the growth of candida krusei in quarters treated intramammary with penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin and prednisolone was compared with growth in untreated quarters. no clinical mastitis occurred in any of the quarters of either group. the number of yeast organisms isolated from the quarter during and after the treatment period appeared similar in both groups. the number of leukocytes in all treated quarters increased during the antibiotic and steroid treatment period but the number of yeast isola ...197549215
cytochrome c oxidase of pseudomonas am 1: purification, and molecular and enzymatic properties.cytochrome c oxidase (cytochrome aa3-type) [ec 1.9.3.1] was purified from pseudomonas am 1 to an electrophoretically homogeneous state and some of its properties were studied. the oxidase showed absorption peaks at 428 and 598 nm in the oxidized form, and at 442 and 604 nm in the reduced form. the co compound of the reduced enzyme showed peaks at 432 and 602 nm. the enzyme molecule was composed of two kinds of subunits with molecular weights of 50,000 and 30,000 and it contained equimolar amount ...19852999096
one of two copper atoms is not necessary for the cytochrome c oxidase activity of pseudomonas am 1 cytochrome aa3.from pseudomonas am 1 grown in a medium deficient in cu, aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase was purified which contained 2 molecules of haem a and one atom of cu per molecule. the enzyme showed absorption peaks at 428 and 595 nm in the oxidized form and at 442 and 604 nm in the reduced form, and its co complex showed peaks at 432 and 602 nm. the enzyme in the oxidized state showed an obscure absorption peak around 800 nm instead of a peak at 820 nm. one mol of the enzyme oxidized maximally 76, 75, an ...19853005252
thermal denaturation of cytochromes c of horse cow, and candida krusei in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride.thermal denaturation of cytochromes c of horse, cow, and candida krusei in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride in the neutral ph region was studied by means of absorption and optical rotation measurements. the values of standard free energy change upon denaturation were estimated over the temperature range from 3 to 51 degrees c. large differences in the heat capacity of the native and denatured states amounting to several kcal/mol-deg were obtained for all three kinds of cytochromes c. these lead t ...197719430
candidemia in immunocompromised patients.this study reviews data on patients with fungemia and confirms the high prevalence (50%) of infections caused by non-albicans species of candida. fungemia due to c. albicans or torulopsis glabrata occurred significantly more often in patients with a solid tumor, while fungemia due to candida tropicalis or candida krusei was significantly more common in patients with hematologic malignancy (p = .001). for 31% of patients, only a single blood culture was positive for yeasts, and the prognosis for ...19921562683
effects of two adenoviruses (type 1 and type 8) on functional properties of bovine alveolar macrophages in vitro.cultures of bovine alveolar macrophages were inoculated with type-1 and type-8 adenoviruses, initially isolated from calves with respiratory tract disease, and functional properties of the cells were observed over a period of 10 to 11 days. both viruses replicated in macrophages; viral titers were low (less than 3.75 log10 tcid50/0.1 ml), and intranuclear inclusions were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in 5 to 10% of the cells from 3 days after inoculation. highest titers were induced by ...19921626769
surveillance of nosocomial fungal infections in a burn care unit.a survey was conducted to trace the source of nosocomial fungal infections in the burn care unit of nehru hospital, chandigarh, india, by collection of samples from wounds of 25 severely burnt patients and their surroundings. the environmental sampling revealed predominant fungal contamination by dematiceous hyphomycetes, aspergilli, penicillium, fusarium and yeasts (candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis), whereas the colonising or invading fungi from the pat ...19921644487
serodiagnosis of cancer by using candida cytochrome c recognized by human monoclonal antibody hb4c5.cytochrome c from various sources, such as candida krusei, yeast, horse, and cattle, was found to be recognized by human monoclonal antibody hb4c5 specific to lung cancer. therefore, the cytochrome c was applied to the measurement of antibody amount in patient sera with a similar reactivity to the antibody hb4c5 for serodiagnosis of cancer. the cytochrome c from candida krusei was most valuable for the serodiagnosis of various cancers, and the yeast cytochrome c was also useful. however, horse a ...19911651788
[regularities of growth of ethanol-assimilating yeast candida krusei in limited concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus]. 19863271269
[in vitro antifungal activity of itraconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent, against clinical isolates from patients with systemic mycoses].the in vitro antifungal activity of itraconazole (itz), a new oral triazole antifungal agent, against clinical isolates from patients with systemic mycoses were compared with those of existing systemic antifungals, viz. ketoconazole (kcz), miconazole or amphotericin b. the studies were performed with 65 isolates of pathogenic yeasts and 13 isolates of aspergillus spp. using the agar dilution method on casitone agar. itz showed the most potent antifungal activities against isolates of pathogenic ...19911652654
in vitro comparison of cilofungin alone and in combination with other antifungal agents against clinical isolates of candida species.cilofungin, a lipopeptide antifungal agent, was tested for in vitro activity alone and in combination with ketoconazole, itraconazole, flucytosine and amphotericin b against 102 clinical isolates of candida species. at 48 hours all isolates of candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida paratropicalis and candida glabrata were inhibited by less than or equal to 5 meg/ml of cilofungin. in contrast, the mic90 for candida krusei was 10 mcg/ml and for candida parapsilosis greater than 40 mcg/ml. t ...19911655435
the use of the prompt inoculation system in preparing a standardized yeast inoculum.one of the most important steps in performing broth dilution susceptibility testing of yeast isolates is the preparation of the starting inoculum. although not specifically developed for yeast inoculum preparation, the prompt inoculation system (3m) provides a novel alternative approach that may provide a more standardized yeast inoculum than previously employed methods. the authors examined the relationship between the number of colonies picked with the prompt inoculation wand and the hemacytom ...19873318388
fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole in-vitro activity. a comparative study.we compared in-vitro activity of fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole by evaluating their minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) for 100 fungal strains isolated from different biological specimens of arc/aids patients. a semisolid agar medium was used: this method is suitable for testing molds and yeasts, and can be applied to all azole antifungal drugs. fluconazole had higher mics than two other tested drugs, especially for candida krusei strains; however it never had a mic higher than ...19911655990
[effect of excess ethanol on the growth of yeasts of the genus candida during continuous cultivation].the effect of flow rates and a specific ethanol load on the growth of candida utilis and candida krusei was studied in the process of one-step and three-step cultivation. the productive capacity of fermenters and the economic coefficient of yeast biomass production were shown to depend on the ability of microbial populations to assimilate a certain quantity of a carbon substrate per unit time. when a specific ethanol load exceeds the optimal one, the respiratory activity of a population and the ...19883412199
candida krusei infectious arthritis. a rare complication of neutropenia.candida krusei infections are increasing in neutropenic patients. this is the first report of a case of c. krusei arthritis in a neutropenic leukemic patient. the organism colonized the patient's respiratory tract and most likely seeded the right knee by hematogenous spread. knee swelling and tenderness were minimal. joint fluid gram stain and fungal smears did not show the organism despite positive results on cultures. with therapy, the joint fluid converted from neutrophilic predominance to ly ...19873479022
heme peptide as a model substance for halogenomethane activation and heme modification.octa-heme peptide (chp) obtained from candida krusei cytochrome c was tested for suicidal activation of halogenomethanes. under anaerobic conditions, chp was kept in the reduced state in the presence of nadph and nadph-cytochrome p-450 reductase. addition of cbrcl3 to the reduced chp caused spectral changes such as rapid disappearance of alpha and beta bands and gradual decrease in the gamma-peak height, accompanied by oxidation of nadph. heme content of the reaction mixture, determined as pyrid ...19911657173
increase in candida krusei infection among patients with bone marrow transplantation and neutropenia treated prophylactically with fluconazole.in early 1990 fluconazole was introduced as a prophylactic antifungal agent after bone marrow transplantation. during the same year candida krusei emerged as the chief candida pathogen among patients with bone marrow transplants.19911669837
a cell surface/plasma membrane antigen of candida albicans.antibody from balb/cbyj mice immunized against a membranous fraction of candida albicans agglutinated whole cells as well as the membranous fraction. hybridoma techniques were used to isolate an igm monoclonal antibody (mab) designated 10g which agglutinated whole cells and reacted with the subcellular fraction. yeast cells of 15 additional c. albicans strains and isolates of c. stellatoidea, c. tropicalis, c. intermedia and c. lusitaniae were also agglutinated by mab 10g. the antigen was not de ...19911709679
long-term laboratory preservation of pathogenic yeasts in water.a total of 1583 yeast isolates, mostly candida albicans, has been maintained under sterile distilled water for periods ranging from 1 to 18 years. overall, 71 (4.5%) of the isolates were not recoverable at 37 degrees c. survival of the yeasts was 97% in the first 5 years and 96% after 10 years. isolates of candida krusei and saccharomyces cerevisiae were particularly unlikely to survive storage in water and these species should be preserved by other means if they are to be kept for more than a f ...19911815033
candidacidal factors in murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.respiratory secretions provide an efficient method for protecting the large surface area of the lower respiratory tract. to determine whether lung secretions contribute to antifungal defenses, we tested bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for fungicidal activity. candida albicans (blastoconidia) was incubated in unconcentrated cell-free lavage fluid from swiss webster mice and then cultured quantitatively to measure residual viability. in control buffer the residual fractions of viable fungi were 1.03 ...19873818084
[laboratory and clinical investigation of lysis centrifugation blood culture method for fungemia].we compared the lysis centrifugation blood culture system using isolator (du pont) to the conventional blood culture bottle using bcb system (roch), and the following results were obtained. in the investigation of experimental fungemia made by human blood and candida albicans, the organism was detected 9/12 after 1 day and 11/12 after 3 days by isolator, although the organism was detected 3/12 after 3 days and 11/12 after 6 days by the culture bottle system. in the experimental fungemia of candi ...19911919115
fluconazole and candida krusei fungemia. 19911922232
nucleotide sequence of the yeast glutathione s-transferase cdna.the nucleotide sequence (658 bp) of the cdna coding for glutathione s-transferase y-2 of yeast issatchenkia orientalis was obtained. the cdna clone contains an open reading frame of 570 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide comprising 190 amino acids with a molecular weight of 21,520. the primary amino acid sequence of the enzyme exhibits only 25.0% and 21.1% identity with 177 and 151 amino acid residues of maize glutathione s-transferase i and rat glutathione s-transferase yb2, respectively.19912054388
prevalence and species distribution of yeast in mammary glands of dairy cows in minnesota.a study of the prevalence of yeast-like fungi in the mammary glands of dairy cattle was conducted in minnesota. quarter samples from 6,020 cows were cultured for yeast. growth of organisms was obtained from 3.2% of the quarter milk samples. the rate of yeast infection for minnesota dairy cattle in this study was 2.0%. the majority of the yeast isolated belonged to one of four species of the candida genus. candida krusei, candida parakrusei, candida guilliermundi, and candida tropicalis, comprise ...19724263910
purification and properties of cytochrome a of candida krusei. 19664289839
studies on production and purification of cytochrome c of candida krusei and its properties. 19684302091
failure of fluconazole therapy in candida krusei fungemia. 19912060520
solid-phase edman degradation of a protein: n-terminal sequence of cytochrome c from candida krusei. 19734357820
discriminant analysis of cellular fatty acids of candida species, torulopsis glabrata, and cryptococcus neoformans determined by gas-liquid chromatography.we used discriminant analysis of cellular fatty acid compositions determined by gas-liquid chromatography to differentiate yeastlike fungi (a total of 190 strains; including 37 candida albicans strains, 21 candida krusei strains, 13 candida guilliermondii strains, 37 candida tropicalis strains, 10 candida pseudotropicalis strains, 24 candida parapsilosis strains, 32 torulopsis glabrata strains, and 16 cryptococcus neoformans strains). previous results with a standard strain of c. albicans indica ...19902199515
glutathione s-transferase in yeast: induction of mrna, cdna cloning and expression in escherichia coli.glutathione s-transferase y-2 mrna synthesis was induced in yeast issatchenkia orientalis approximately 37-fold by cultivation with o-dinitrobenzene. a cdna library complementary to poly (a)+rna of i. orientalis grown with o-dinitrobenzene was screened by colony hybridization. twenty positive clones were obtained from 6,000 clones and seven of twenty positive clones expressed glutathione s-transferase activity in e. coli. one of the expressing clones harboring plasmid pht108 had 28 times more gl ...19902241960
kinetic studies of the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c from horse heart and candida krusei by tris(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(3). 19744370137
kinetics of ligand-binding and oxidation-reduction reactions of cytochrome c from horse heart and candida krusei. 19744371651
purification and properties of lipoamide dehydrogenase from yeast, candida krusei. 19684385248
detection of specificity of a new antigen in candida tropicalis and its evaluation by taxonomic dna analyses.monospecific factor serum for identifying candida tropicalis was obtained either from rabbit antiserum to heated cells of c. tropicalis m 1519 (s 96) or from antiserum to c. tropicalis ifo 1400, by adsorption with heated cells of candida albicans serotype a, or c. albicans (a) and candida krusei, respectively. we designated this adsorbed serum factor t serum. the monospecific factor serum reacted with 31 out of 32 strains of c. tropicalis, only when tested on heat-treated cell antigens, whereas ...19882466193
[adherence of candida albicans to acrylic surfaces].the ability of candida albicans ifo 1385 to adhere to acrylic and the partial characterization of an adhesive substance, named as, which was isolated from the yeast, were studied in vitro. the results obtained were as follows: 1. the cells cultured in the synthetic media (ynb) containing 500 mm galactose showed a much greater tendency to adhere than did those cells cultured in the ynb containing 500 mm glucose. 2. more cells prepared by the standing cultivation adhered to acrylic than did those ...19892486701
perfect form of candida krusei. 19675301400
the amino acid sequence of cytochrome c from candida krusei. 19685669923
[a clinical evaluation of injectable fluconazole in the treatment of deep mycosis associated with hematological malignancy].the clinical efficacy and the safety of fluconazole as given at an intravenous dose of 100-400 mg daily were assessed in 7 patients with deep mycosis associated with hematological malignancy. enrolled in the study were 1 patient with acute lymphatic leukemia, 1 with acute myelocytic leukemia, 2 with acute myelomonocytic leukemia, 2 with malignant lymphoma and 1 with myelodysplastic syndrome. pathogens isolated from 4 patients were all candida species including 2 candida albicans, 1 candida parap ...19892540367
[infections caused by candida krusei in newborn infants].experiences are described about systemic infections with fungaemia due to candida krusei in seven newborns treated in a department of neonatology because of several perinatal problems. the origin of this outbreak cold not be established. in six patients the infection was early detected and successfully treated with miconazole and/or ketoconazole, all six newborns recovered. infections due to candida krusei are extremely rare in humans. this report demonstrates the clinical picture of this infect ...19892616172
[laboratory diagnostic possibilities in fungus infections in intensive care patients].severe yeast infections of intensive care patients are promoted by numerous predisposing factors among which antibacterial broad spectrum therapy plays an important role. since typical clinical pictures are lacking, basic procedures of mycological diagnostics are culture and differentiation of yeast strains and detection of immunological reactions against yeast antigens as well. among 200 intensive-care patients with suspected systemic mycosis, candida albicans was the prevailing yeast, followed ...19892764266
kinetics of electron transfer between mitochondrial cytochrome c and iron hexacyanides.the reduction of horse and candida krusei cytochromes c by ferrocyanide has been studied by 1h nmr spectroscopy and the reaction found to involve a precursor complex of ferrocyanide bound to ferricytochrome c (ph* 7.4, 2h2o, i = 0.12, and 25 degrees c). the electron transfer rate constants for the reduction of the two ferricytochromes by associated ferrocyanide were found to be the same at 780 +/- 80 sec-1 but the association constants for binding of ferrocyanide to ferricytochrome c were signif ...19846090588
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