| in vitro binding of 2-acetaminofluorene to rna and protein with rat liver microsomes. | covalent binding of 2-acetaminofluorene[9-14c] with exogenous torula yeast rna and endogenous protein was investigated in liver microsome system in vitro. the binding to protein was 100 times higher than that to rna. requirement of nadph, effectiveness of methylcholanthrene treatment, and inhibition by 7,8-benzoflavone suggest possible involvement of mixed-function oxidases in this binding. the binding was not due to contaminated cytosol in the microsome fraction. addition of cytosol, sulfate io ... | 1978 | 30668 |
| sequence of an oligonucleotide derived from the 3' end of each of the four brome mosaic viral rnas. | a 3'-terminal oligonucleotide fragment, 161 bases long, can be obtained from each of the four brome mosaic virus rnas by means of nuclease digestion. like the four intact brome mosaic virus rnas, each fragment accepts tyrosine in a reaction catalyzed by wheat germ aminoacyl-trna synthetase. the complete nucleotide sequence of the rna 4 fragment has been determined by use of standard radiochemical methods. comparative data for the fragments from rnas 1, 2, and 3 show that they have nearly the sam ... | 1977 | 270723 |
| nucleotide sequence of leucine transfer rna 1 from candida (torulopsis) utilis. | two species of 32p-labelled leucine trna were highly purified from candida (torulopsis) utilis by successive column chromatographies. the purified major species of leucine trna 1 was completely digested with ribonuclease t1 [ec 3.1.4.8] and with pancreatic ribonuclease a [ec 3.1.4.22]. the resulting fragments were fractionated, and their nucleotide sequences were determined according to barrell (1). the results of analyses of the two ribonuclease digests were consistent with each other, and indi ... | 1978 | 350863 |
| oxygen isotope fractionation during respiration for different temperatures of t. utilis and e. coli k12. | the temperature dependence of the oxygen isotope fractionation factor during respiration has been examined for two different microorganisms, namely torulopsis utilis and escherichia coli k12 representing a yeast and a bacterium, respectively. the investigation covered a temperature range of 18 degrees c, that is from 16 degrees c to 34 degrees c for t. utilis and from 19 degrees c to 37 degrees c for e. coli k12. within this temperature range the fractionation factor of t. utilis increases by 0. ... | 1979 | 396549 |
| glutathione peroxidase acitvity in intestinal and liver tissues of rats fed various levels of selenium, sulfur and alpha-tocopherol. | the effects of various levels of selenium, alpha-tocopherol and sulfur on glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity in intestinal and liver tissues were determined in male rats fed corn-soybean or torula yeast diets. rats fed corn-soybean diets had greater gsh-px activity in the small intestine, colon and liver tissues, catalase activity and selenium in the liver, and body weight gains than those fed torula yeast diets. gsh-px activity in the small intestine, colon, and liver tissues as well as c ... | 1979 | 430245 |
| effect of graded dietary levels of selenium on tracheal carcinomas induced by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea. | an investigation was conducted to determine the effect of the dietary level of selenium on the induction of tracheal cancer by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (mnu). male syrian golden hamsters received intratracheal instilations of a 0.5% mnu solution once weekly for 12 weeks. two weeks prior to the initiation of carcinogen treatment, animals were placed on a semisynthetic, 30% torula yeast diet to which either no selenium or 1 or 5 mg selenium/kg of diet as sodium selenite was added. animals were maint ... | 1979 | 509405 |
| reduction of hepatic lipid deposition in laying hens by dietary selenium-yeast interaction. | experiments were conducted to study the effect of chromiun and selenium on liver lipid deposition and incidence of liver hemorrhage in caged layers. commercial strains of layers were fed ad libitum equicaloric and isonitrogenous diets. corn-torula dried yeast diets containing added selenium (.1 microgram/g) with or without supplementary chromium (10 microgram/g) significantly reduced total liver lipid and liver hemorrhage. the effects of protein source (soybean meal vs. yeast) and selenium were ... | 1979 | 537985 |
| a general method for characterizing naturally occurring folate compounds, illustrated by characterizing torula yeast (candida utilis) folates. | | 1978 | 567943 |
| the selenium requirements of the hen and effects of a deficiency. | hens were fed a diet low in selenium made up mostly of corn and torula yeast. egg production and hatchability increased significantly when selenium was supplemented, while the percentage of infertile eggs and early dead embryos decreased. anemia also resulted from the deficiency. a total of .05 mg. selenium per kg. (.04 from the basal diet plus .01 supplemental) was adequate to prevent signs of deficiency in a diet which contained no supplemental vitamin e or antioxidant. in a second experiment ... | 1977 | 611492 |
| 360 mhz pmr studies on the involvement of the y-nucleoside in the conformation of 2'-omegpapapypappsi from torula yeast trnaphe. | 360 mhz measurements of chemical shifts, 3j1'-2', and t1 as a function of temperature for various protons of the hexanucleotide 2'-omegpapapypappsi from torula yeast trnaphe have revealed a unique involvement of the yt base in the structure and conformation of this oligonucleotide. whereas the adenosine residues in the anticodon triplet are relatively stable to temperature increase, the yt readily undergoes destacking and a change in ribose conformation. the destacking most likely involves a tor ... | 1978 | 634791 |
| rapid purification of threonyl-trna synthetase from saccharomyces carlsbergensis by affinity elution from phosphocellulose. | threonyl-trna synthetase [ec 6.1.1.3] of saccharomyces carlsbergensis was highly purified by a simple enzyme-substrate affinity method. after calcium-gel treatment of the crude enzyme extract, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and removal of polynucleotides with deae-cellulose, the enzyme was nonspecifically adsorbed onto phosphocellulose (p-cellulose), and then eluted specifically with a linear concentration gradient of threonine trna from torula yeast (candida (torulopsis) utilis). the enzyme wa ... | 1978 | 670153 |
| effects of dietary vitamin e, selenium, and polyunsaturated fats on in vivo lipid peroxidation in the rat as measured by pentane production. | starting at 21 days of age, groups of six rats each were fed a basal torula yeast diet supplemented with 0.4% l-methionine and varying amounts of vitamin e as dl-alpha tocopherol acetate, selenium as sodium selenite, and with either 10% stripped corn oil, stripped lard, or coconut oil. by 7 wk, pentane production by rats fed a corn oil diet deficient in both vitamin e and selenium was twice that by rats fed 0.1 or 1 mg of selenium per kg of the same basal diet. blood glutathione peroxidase activ ... | 1978 | 672480 |
| direct study of alkylating agent--rna interaction by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the interactions of torula yeast rna with four biologically important methylating agents (methyl methanesulfonate, dimethyl sulfate, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, and 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine) have been studied by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. this direct stable isotope method eliminated all tedious and questionable degradation processes for determining the reactive sites and product distribution. based on the integration curves, two types of product distribution can be disti ... | 1978 | 698933 |
| [new method of checking the quality of food proteins required for maintenance. 2. 15n excretion in feces of test rats labelled with 15n after feeding with different protein sources]. | for 7 days 37 test rats received a casein diet with an extra of 6.6 mg 15n-excess in the form of ammonium acetate. from the eighth test day onwards 4 resp. 5 rats each received various protein sources under maintenance conditions (115 kcal/kg body mass0,75). the atom-% 15n-excess was determined in feces, blood liver and muscles (urine cf. 1st information). the endogenous quota of n in the feces was calculated as follows: (formula: see text). the numerical value of the tca-soluble fraction of n i ... | 1978 | 742976 |
| utilization of cellulosic materials through enzyamtic hydrolysis. i. fermentation of hydrolysate to ethanol and single-cell protein. | ethanol fermentation studies were conducted with saccharomyces cerevisiae atcc "4126, to determine the optimal conditions of oxygen tension and feed sugar concentration. in long-term continuous culture maximum ethanol production was found to occur at 0.07 mmhg oxygen tension and 10% glucose feed concentration. preliminary process design and cost studies are developed for industrial scale fermentations to produce ethanol and torula yeast from sugars obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of newsprint. | 1976 | 786408 |
| microbial fermentation of rice straw: nutritive composition and in vitro digestibility of the fermentation products. | rice straw was fermented with cellulomonas sp. and alcaligenes faecalis. microbial cells and undigested residue, as well as chemically treated (naoh or nh4oh) and untreated straws, were analyzed for nutrient composition and in vitro digestibility. in a typical fermentation, 75% of the rice straw substrate was digested, and 18.6% of the total substrate weight that disappeared was recovered as microbial protein. the microbial cell fraction was 37% protein and 5% crude fiber; the residue was 12% pr ... | 1975 | 804853 |
| osmotic and peroxidative fragilities of erythrocytes from vitamin e-deficient lead-poisoned rats. | weanling male rats were fed either a vitamin e-deficient torula yeast diet fortified with selenium or the same diet supplemented with 100 ppm vitamin e. one group of rats fed each diet received plain distilled water, whereas another group received 250 ppm lead as lead acetate in the drinking water. after a 3 month feeding period, erythrocyte osmotic and peroxidative fragilities were determined in an osmotic test recorder. dietary vitamin e had little or no effect on the osmotic fragility of red ... | 1977 | 845674 |
| comparative effects of selenium and vitamin e in lead-poisoned rats. | weanling male rats were fed a torula yeast diet supplemented with selenium, vitamin e, or both for 3 months. of rats fed each diet, one group received 250 ppm lead in the drinking water and another group did not. in rats not poisoned with lead, neither vitamin e nor selenium deficiency affected spleen weight, hematocrit value, or erythrocyte mechanical fragility. vitamin e deficiency increased the splenomegaly, anemia, and mechanical fragility of red cells of lead-poisoned rats, whereas selenium ... | 1977 | 845675 |
| biological potency of selenium from sodium selenite, selenomethionine, and selenocystine in the chick. | experiments were conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of selenium (se) from sodium selenite, selenomethionine and selenocystine for promoting weight gain and preventing exudative diathesis. the chicks used were hatched from eggs low in se. they were fed a basal diet made up mostly of corn (low in se) and torula yeast or the basal diet supplemented with various levels of se from sodium selenite, selenomethionine, or selenocystine. at 10 mug. of added se per kg of diet, sodium selenit ... | 1976 | 935062 |
| assessment of the quantity of biologically available phosphorus in yeast rna and single-cell protein. | two assays were conducted with chicks fed a phosphorus-deficient crystalline amino acid diet from day 8 to 17 posthatching to evaluate the phosphorus availability of purified torula yeast rna and single-cell protein (torula yeast). tibia bone ash of the chicks was the criterion used in both assays, and regression analysis was used to evaluate bone ash as a function of phosphorus intake. a standard curve was established by feeding graded levels of kh2po4 in each assay. weight gain, tibia weight a ... | 1976 | 1019097 |
| production of candida utilis on slop by-product of fermentation industries. | the slop (vinas) liquor, a major by-product a alcohol fermentation industries, has been used as growth medium for production of the torula yeast, candida utilis. supplementation of the slop with 0.2% ammonium sulphate and 1% to 5% molasses improved the cell yield significantly. the crude slop gave better results than the diluted or centrifuged liquors. under optimal conditions, more than 15 grams of yeast were obtained on dry weight basis. the application feasibility of these results is presente ... | 1976 | 1037048 |
| efficacy and safety of selenium-vitamin e injections in newborn pigs to prevent subclinical deficiency in growing swine. | seventy-eight newborn pigs were allotted to 4 treatment groups: 22 pigs in group a were given no selenium-vitamin e (se-e), 22 pigs in group b were given small doses of se-e, 22 pigs in group c were given medium doses of se-e, and 12 pigs in group d were given large doses of se-e. pigs were intramuscularly injected before 7 days of age and at weaning (40 days of age), respectively, as follows: group a--1 ml of physiologic saline solution/pig each time, group b--0.25 mg of se/pig and later 0.06 m ... | 1975 | 1124875 |
| effect of dietary fat upon aflatoxicosis in rats fed torula yeast containing diet. | | 1975 | 1133433 |
| lead poisoning in vitamin e-deficient rats. | weanling male rats were fed either a vitamin e-deficient torula yeast diet or the same diet supplemented with 100 ppm vitamin e for a period of 3 months. one group of animals fed each diet received 250 ppm lead in the drinking water, whereas another group of animals fed each diet received no lead in the water. vitamin e deficiency per se had little or no effect on hematocrit value, reticulocyte count, spleen weight, or erythrocyte mechanical fragility in rats not poisoned with lead. on the other ... | 1975 | 1185284 |
| studies on the binding of 5,5-diphenyl-hydantoin to nucleic acids in vitro and to rat brain subcellular fractions in vitro and in vivo. | the binding of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (dph) to nucleic acids (bovine brain rna, rat liver ribosomal and trna, torula utilis rna, and calf thymus and escherichia coli dna was studied using ultraviolet spectroscopy, gel chromatography and thermal transition profiles. within the sensitivity of these methods, it was found that there is essentially little or no interaction between dph and nucleic acids in vitro as has been reported previously. little, if any evidence of dph intercalation with dna was ... | 1976 | 1255490 |
| glutathione peroxidase response to selenium intake in lambs fed a torula yeast-based, artificial milk. | | 1976 | 1262296 |
| effect of selenium on rat growth, growth hormone and diet utilization. | female rats were fed a selenium-deficient diet composed of torula yeast, sucrose, vitamins (including tocopheryl acetate) and minerals from weaning and during breeding, gestation and lactation. the offspring were used to study the effects of selenium on growth, diet utilization and growth hormon status. the torula yeast diet containing 200 iu dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate was fed alone or supplemented with 0.025 or 0.1 ppm of selenium as selenite. rats fed the selenium-supplemented diets grew sign ... | 1976 | 1262978 |
| changes in ribonuclease with age in the fungus rhizoctonia solani. | the enzyme ribonuclease (rnase) which was isolated from rhizoctonia solani kuehn degraded ribonucleic acid from both torula yeast and from rhizoctonia solani mycelia. as the rhizoctonia mycelia aged, there was an increase in both the total and the specific activities of the rnase present in the mycelia. this change is discussed in relation to the age dependent decrease in protein synthesis in this fungus. | 1976 | 1263606 |
| studies of the digestibility of pigs fed dietary sucrose, fructose or glucose. | digestion of sucrose, fructose and glucose was studied in pigs with reentrant cannulas in the distal ileum or intact pigs fed diets formulated with sucrose, fructose and glucose as the major energy source and torula yeast. sucrose and glucose were completely digested in the small intestine (apparent digestibility, 98.3 and 98.3%, respectively but a fraction of the dietary fructose escaped to the large intestine (adjusted value, 11.7%). there was no carbohydrate in rectal contents of the pigs. th ... | 1992 | 1295481 |
| glucose tolerance factor potentiation of insulin action in adipocytes from rats raised on a torula yeast diet cannot be attributed to a deficiency of chromium or glucose tolerance factor activity in the diet. | the nature of the dietary component responsible for adipocytes having the ability to respond to glucose tolerance factor (gtf) was investigated. rats were raised on either a control diet or one of three diets differing only in the protein source (torula yeast, brewer's yeast, or casein). only in adipocytes from rats fed the torula yeast diet did a gtf fraction prepared from brewer's yeast potentiate the action of suboptimal concentrations of insulin in the incorporation of label from d-[1-14c]-g ... | 1992 | 1375046 |
| [influence of dietary selenium level on immune function of rats with esophageal tumors induced by methylbenzylnitrosamine (nmbza)]. | the influence of dietary selenium of the incidence of esophageal tumor induced by nmbza and the immune function during carcinogenesis were studied in rats fed with torula yeast diet and survived for 18 weeks. the incidences of esophageal tumors were statistically not significant among rats on normal, high and low selenium intake (p greater than 0.05). the level of plaque forming cells (pfc), delayed type hypersensitivity (dth), natural killer cell activity (nk) were significantly higher in the h ... | 1992 | 1396046 |
| genetic diversity of the yeast candida utilis. | the electrophoretic karyotypes and some mtdna restriction fragment patterns of 13 strains of candida utilis and one strain of hansenula jadinii were compared. pfge separations revealed remarkable chromosome length polymorphisms between two groups of strains suggesting that perhaps they do not belong to the same species. however, all strains had the same or similar ecori, hindiii and bamhi mtdna restriction patterns. the mtdna genomes had an average size range of 55 kb. these results support the ... | 1992 | 1473175 |
| studies on se incorporation in selenoproteins; effects of peroxisome proliferators and hydrogen peroxide generating system. | the objective of this study was to characterize the influence of peroxisome proliferation on the metabolism of physiological concentrations of se. in an initial series of experiments hepatocytes in primary cultures and isolated from ordinary-fed rats, were used. the cells were exposed to 75se-selenite (30 nm) and after 24 h the labelling of selenoproteins was analysed with sds-page. treatments with mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (mehp; a metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (dehp)), nafenopin, d ... | 1992 | 1540996 |
| redox ribonucleosides. isolation and characterization of 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine from torula yeast rna. | three hydroxyribonucleosides catalyzing the oxido-reduction of nadh and k3f3(cn)6 were purified from torula yeast rna by a series of steps including sodium dodecyl sulfate/phenol extraction, nuclease p1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion-exchange chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography on an ods column. analysis by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy led to identification of the redox ribonucleosides as 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydr ... | 1992 | 1618833 |
| dietary selenium stabilizes glutathione peroxidase mrna in rat liver. | the objective of these studies was to determine the step at which dietary selenium (se) regulates the pre-translational expression of the gene for cytosolic se-glutathione peroxidase (se-gpx) in rat liver. weanling male sprague-dawley rats were fed a torula yeast-based se-deficient diet, or the same diet supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg as na2seo3, for at least 40 d. livers were excised and divided into three portions for isolation of nuclei, for purification of total rna and for assay of se-gpx acti ... | 1992 | 1640255 |
| o-ribosyl-phosphate purine as a constant modified nucleotide located at position 64 in cytoplasmic initiator trnas(met) of yeasts. | the unknown modified nucleotide g*, isolated from both schizosaccharomyces pombe and torulopsis utilis initiator trnas(met), has been identified as an o-ribosyl-(1"----2')-guanosine-5"-phosphate, called gr(p), by means of hplc, uv-absorption, mass spectrometry and periodate oxidation procedures. by comparison with the previously published structure of ar(p) isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae initiator trna(met), the (1"----2')-glycosidic bond in gr(p) has been postulated to have a beta-spati ... | 1991 | 1656390 |
| cellular immune responses in pigs fed a vitamin e- and selenium-deficient diet. | the effects of dietary restriction of vitamin e (vit e) and selenium (se) on lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer (nk) cell activity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc), and on burst respiratory response of stimulated granulocytes as measured by chemiluminescence (cl) were studied in pigs. six male weanling pigs were maintained for 25 d on a torula yeast-based diet containing no measurable amount of alpha-tocopherol and less than .02 mg of se per kilogram of feed. six other ... | 1991 | 1830044 |
| novel minimum ribozymes with oxidoreduction activity: 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine isolated from torula yeast rna. | three nucleosides catalyzing the oxidoreduction of nadh and k3fe(cn)6 were isolated from torula yeast rna and also obtained by a series of steps: sds-phenol extraction, nuclease p1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion exchange chromatography, and hplc on an ods column. their chemical structures were clearly determined as 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine from the results of fab-ms, 1h and 13c-nmr spectroscopies. | 1991 | 1842045 |
| assessment of the influence of dietary vitamin e on sows and offspring in three parities: reproductive performance, tissue tocopherol, and effects on progeny. | sixty crossbred (yorkshire-hampshire x duroc) gilts were fed one of four corn-soybean meal diets fortified with .3 ppm se and 0, 16, 33, or 66 iu of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg. the study was conducted over a three-parity period to evaluate sow reproductive performance and the vitamin e tissue status of both sows and progeny at various time periods postcoitum and(or) postpartum. the basal diet averaged 8.4 mg of alpha-tocopherol/kg and .38 ppm of se. although litter size at birth was lowest ( ... | 1991 | 1885399 |
| subsite interactions of ribonuclease t1: viscosity effects indicate that the rate-limiting step of gpn transesterification depends on the nature of n. | we report on the effect of the viscogenic agents glycerol and ficoll on the rnase t1 catalyzed turnover of gpa, gpc, gpu, and torula yeast rna. for wild-type enzyme, we find that the kcat/km values for the transesterification of gpc and gpa as well as for the cleavage of rna are inversely proportional to the relative viscosity of glycerol-containing buffers; no such effect is observed for the conversion of gpu to cgmp and u. the second-order rate constants for his40ala and glu46ala rnase t1, two ... | 1991 | 1909570 |
| characterization of the extracellular ribonuclease of tetrahymena pyriformis w. | several investigations have indicated that tetrahymena pyriformis secretes ribonuclease activity into culture media. the extracellular ribonuclease from strain w has been purified and partially characterized. the molecular weight was determined by gel filtration to be 26,500. the amino acid composition of the enzyme was compared with those of the three intracellular ribonucleases characterized by trangas, and substantial differences were demonstrated. the extracellular enzyme hydrolyzed both pol ... | 1991 | 1920145 |
| effect of deficiencies of selenium and vitamin e alone or in combination on the induction of mammary carcinogenesis by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea. | experiments were conducted to determine the dietary levels of selenium and vitamin e that could be fed chronically to induce a deficiency of one or both nutrients. it was observed that diets containing less than 0.02 mg se/kg and 3 iu vitamin e/kg induced a deficiency without drastically altering growth performance or survival. once established, these dietary conditions were used to investigate the effect of single or combined deficiencies of selenium and vitamin e on the promotion phase of mamm ... | 1991 | 1934307 |
| comparative antioxidant effectiveness of dietary beta-carotene, vitamin e, selenium and coenzyme q10 in rat erythrocytes and plasma. | five groups of five weanling rats were each fed a torula yeast-based diet either unsupplemented or supplemented with 30 mg beta-carotene/kg, 30 iu vitamin e/kg, 1 mg selenium/kg or 30 mg coenzyme q10/kg. elevated levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are sensitive indicators of liver damage. the former enzyme was lower (p less than 0.01) in the vitamin e-, selenium- and beta-carotene-supplemented groups than in the unsupplemented control group, and the latter e ... | 1991 | 1992057 |
| effects of selenium deficiency on sperm morphology and spermatocyte chromosomes in mice. | sperm morphology and spermatocyte chromosomes were examined in mice maintained on a torula yeast diet for 5 weeks. in the selenium-deficient group, the proportion of abnormal sperm was high, ranging from 6.8% to 49.6%, while in the control group it ranged from only 4.0% to 15.0%. the most frequently occurring abnormalities in sperm shape were in the sperm head. there was also a tendency for abnormalities in other regions (neck, midpiece and tail) to be increased. however, in metaphase-i spermato ... | 1991 | 2000100 |
| correlation between spermine stimulation of rat liver ile-trna formation and structural change of the acceptor stem by spermine. | we have recently reported that the interaction of spermine with the acceptor and anticodon stems may be important for spermine stimulation of rat liver ile-trna formation [peng, z. et al. (1990) arch. biochem. biophys. 279, 138-145]. to pinpoint which interaction of spermine is more important for spermine stimulation of ile-trna formation, ile-trna formation and ribonuclease v1 sensitivity of trna(ile) were studied using purified trnas(ile) from rat liver, wheat germ, brewer's yeast, torula yeas ... | 1991 | 2049097 |
| search for novel rna catalysts. an rna component with oxidoreductase activity. | a novel rna component with oxidoreductase activity (diaphorase activity) has been purified from an rna fraction of torula yeast. the rna component was obtained in a 0.05% yield by a series of steps, sds-phenol extraction, nuclease p1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion exchange chromatography, and hplc on an ods-column. | 1990 | 2101915 |
| selenium and immune cell functions. ii. effect on lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. | selenium (se) is an essential nutritional factor with a chemopreventive potential. this study examined the ability of c57bl/6j mice, maintained for 8 weeks on se-deficient (0.02 ppm se), normal (0.20 ppm se), or se-supplemented (2.00 ppm se) torula yeast-based diets, to generate cytotoxic lymphocytes (ctl) and to destroy tumor cells. ctl were generated in vivo by intraperitoneal immunization with p815 cells and in vitro by allogeneic stimulation of cells from animals maintained on a normal diet ... | 1990 | 2105506 |
| dietary and monensin effects on activity of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system in chickens. | four experiments were conducted to investigate if the degree of activation of the microsomal mixed-function oxidase (mfo) system was related to the degree of growth depression associated with the addition of monensin to the diet. the experiments were conducted with broiler chicks in battery brooders in which the chicks were fed diets of various composition and containing monensin at 0 to 160 ppm. in all experiments, the activity of the mfo system was estimated by the change in the content of cyt ... | 1990 | 2235844 |
| a novel minimum ribozyme with oxidoreduction activity. | a nucleoside catalyzing the oxidoreduction of nadh and k3fe(cn)6 was isolated from torula yeast rna and also obtained in 0.05% yield by a series of steps: sds-phenol extraction, nuclease p1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion exchange chromatography, and hplc on an ods column. its chemical structure was clearly determined at 5-hydroxycytidine, from the results of fab-ms and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopies. the mass spectra, chromatographic behavior, uv spectra, and nmr spectra of this ... | 1990 | 2271669 |
| [effects of selenium deficiency and supplementation on tumor immune response in mice]. | dba/2 mice were fed for 16 weeks with torula yeast-based synthetic diet containing various concentrations of selenium (se). at 13th week, the mice were immunized with syngenetic l5178 y lymphoma cells and their specific and non-specific tumor immune responses were examined 3 weeks after immunization. the results indicated that in mice fed with a diet containing 0.007 ppm se, the serum se level was extremely low (0.02 micrograms/ml). these se-deficient mice were unable to elicit normal tumor-spec ... | 1990 | 2276320 |
| selenium and immune cell functions. i. effect on lymphocyte proliferation and production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2. | the dietary intake of selenium (se) has been shown to influence the development and expression of various biologic processes. this study examined the immunologic competence of lymphocytes from c57bl/6j mice maintained for 8 weeks on se-deficient (0.02 ppm se), normal (0.20 ppm se, as sodium selenite), or se-supplemented (2.00 ppm se) torula yeast-based diets. the ability of the cells to recognize alloantigens, to proliferate in response to stimuli, and to produce interleukin 2 (il-2) was determi ... | 1990 | 2300594 |
| comparison of the magnitude of the selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool and whole body endogenous selenium in adult rats. | the quantitative relationship between the size of the selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool (wse-emp) and whole body endogenous selenium (seend) was investigated in adult male rats. two experiments based on multiple labeling with stable isotopes were performed. one focused on short-term (7 d, expt. 1) and the other on long-term (60 d, expt. 2) relationships. rats were fed a torula yeast diet and water supplemented with [76se]selenite at 0.1 micrograms se/ml; the in vivo [74se]selenite tracer was ... | 1990 | 2313382 |
| comparative toxicity and tissue retention of selenium in methionine-deficient rats fed sodium selenate or l-selenomethionine. | selenium (se) toxicity is known to be affected by level of intake of the mineral, but there are conflicting reports on the relative toxicities of the various chemical forms of se. we monitored se toxicity in rats fed torula yeast-based diets containing 0.1, 0.5 or 2.5 micrograms se/g of diet as either sodium selenate (na2seo4) or l-selenomethionine (semet). half the diets were supplemented to contain adequate dietary methionine (met). weights were monitored weekly for 6 (met-adequate) or 7 (met- ... | 1990 | 2313384 |
| carrier rna enhancement of recovery of dna from dilute solutions. | a study of the use of carrier rna to improve precipitation of dna from dilute solutions was conducted to define the conditions which optimize dna recovery. replicate samples containing labeled pbr322 and increasing concentrations of commercially-available torula yeast rna were ethanol precipitated at -20 degrees c for 1 h in microfuge tubes obtained from various manufacturers. nucleic acids were pelleted by centrifugation for either 5 or 30 min, dried and resuspended. although recovery was not i ... | 1987 | 2437909 |
| glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. characterization of a reactive lysine residue in the pichia jadinii enzyme reveals a limited structural variation in a functionally significant segment. | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from the yeast pichia jadinii has a reactive lysine residue in a segment of amino acid sequence ile-asp-his-tyr-leu-gly-lys*-glu-met-val-lys. this structure differs from that of other characterized glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, but outside yeasts the segment is invariant in known mammalian, insect and bacterial forms. thus, limited structural variation is now defined within yeasts for a part of the protein otherwise strictly conserved, and for which string ... | 1989 | 2499329 |
| effects of inadequate vitamin e and/or selenium nutrition on the release of arachidonic acid metabolites in rat alveolar macrophages. | effects of vitamin e and/or selenium (se) deficiency on the secretion of arachidonic acid metabolites by zymosan-stimulated pulmonary alveolar macrophages (am) were examined using cells from male long-evans hooded rats fed torula-yeast based diets with or without the supplementation of vitamin e (150 iu/kg) or se (0.5 mg/kg). alveolar macrophages obtained by lavage were purified by adherence and cultured for 4 h in hank's balanced salt solution containing bovine serum albumin (0.1%) and zymosan ... | 1989 | 2546191 |
| failure of glucose tolerance factor-containing brewer's yeast to ameliorate spontaneous diabetes in c57bl/ksj db/db mice. | glucose tolerance factor (gtf), the biologically active form of cr3+, has been ascribed a role in the potentiation of insulin action and glucose homeostasis. the present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with gtf-rich brewer's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) or gtf-deprived torula yeast (torulaspora delbrueckii) in genetically diabetic c57bl/ksj db/db mice. at 15 weeks of age, db/db mice exhibited increased body weight, hyperphagia, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and ... | 1989 | 2680228 |
| alterations in the protein-synthesis, -degradation and/or -secretion rates in hepatic subcellular fractions of selenium-deficient mice. | single mouse livers were subfractionated by differential centrifugation and isopycnic centrifugation on sucrose or metrizamide gradients and separated into subcellular compartments. the fractionation procedure was highly reproducible and yielded essentially similar results in different preparations of livers from selenium-adequate (se+) and selenium-deficient (se-) mice that were fed on a torula-yeast-based diet containing less than 10 parts per 10(9) of selenium for at least 16 weeks. mice of b ... | 1989 | 2705998 |
| qinghaosu, dietary vitamin e, selenium, and cod-liver oil: effect on the susceptibility of mice to the malarial parasite plasmodium yoelii. | young female mice were fed torula-yeast-based diets deficient in vitamin e or selenium or supplemented with cod-liver oil to determine the effect of host antioxidant status on the therapeutic efficacy of the chinese traditional antimalarial drug qinghaosu (qhs), a sesquiterpene endoperoxide. vitamin e deficiency enhanced the antimalarial action of qhs against plasmodium yoelii, both in terms of decreased parasitemia and improved survival but se deficiency did not. a vitamin e-deficient diet cont ... | 1989 | 2756922 |
| increased proliferative activity in selenium-deficient mouse liver. | male albino nmri mice were fed a selenium-deficient (se-), torula yeast-based diet containing less than 10 ppb se for at least 2 months (se-) while a control group received the same diet supplemented (se+) with 330 ppb se as na2seo3. the se-(-)animals showed multiple enzyme modulations of liver enzyme activities indicating that they were in a severely se- state. no significant difference in the basic dna synthesis rate of se-(-)animals compared to se+ controls was measured. however, when liver c ... | 1986 | 2945649 |
| evidence for the intercalation of thalidomide into dna: clue to the molecular mechanism of thalidomide teratogenicity? | the intercalation of thalidomide (alpha-phthalimidoglutarimide) into nucleic acids was studied by spectrophotometric titrations, displacement of known intercalators, viscosity changes of dna solutions, and by phase partition analysis. specific binding of thalidomide was found to dna of various specimens (human placenta, calf thymus, salmon sperm), but not to rna (from bakers yeast, torula yeast). | 1986 | 2953123 |
| relative nutritional availability to rats of selenium in finnish spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) fertilized or sprayed with sodium selenate and in an american winter bread wheat naturally high in se. | a finnish national programme to fertilize crops with sodium selenate led us to compare the nutritional availability to rats of selenium in two finnish spring wheats (triticum aestivum l.), either fertilized or sprayed with sodium selenate, with that in an american winter bread wheat naturally high in se. weanling male rats were given a se-deficient torula yeast diet for 4 weeks followed by either continued depletion or repletion for 4 weeks with graded levels of se as sodium selenite (standard) ... | 1987 | 3036197 |
| selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase inhibitors increase toxicity of prooxidant compounds in chicks. | the acute lethality of paraquat (1, 1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride; also methyl viologen) for chicks was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by adding to a selenium-deficient torula-yeast-based diet low concentrations (0.02-0.04 ppm) of selenium (se) as either na2seo3, selenomethionine or a high se yeast without significantly increasing plasma se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (se gsh-px) activity. similarly, chicks orally dosed with 100 mg nitrofurantoin [n-(5-nitro-2 furfurylidine)- ... | 1986 | 3093647 |
| identification and assignment of base pairs in three helical stems of torulopsis utilis ribosomal 5s rna and its rnase t1 and rnase t2 cleaved fragments via 500-mhz proton homonuclear overhauser enhancements. | imino proton resonances in the downfield region (10-14 ppm) of the 500-mhz 1h nmr spectrum of torulopsis utilis 5s rna are identified (a x u, g x c, or g x u) and assigned to base pairs in helices i, iv, and v via analysis of homonuclear overhauser enhancements (noe) from intact t. utilis 5s rna, its rnase t1 and rnase t2 digested fragments, and a second yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) 5s rna whose nucleotide sequence differs at only six residues from that of t. utilis 5s rna. the near-identica ... | 1986 | 3094580 |
| alterations in the intermediary metabolism of selenium-deficient mice. | male albino mice were pair-fed a torula yeast-based selenium-deficient (se-) diet containing 10 ppb selenium for 4 months, while a control group (se+) received a similar diet supplemented with 330 ppb selenium as na2seo3. in addition to previously observed modulations of drug-metabolizing enzymes (reiter, r. and wendel, a. (1985) biochem. pharmacol. 34, 2287-2290), an increase of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity and succinate dehydrogenase activity in liver by about 60% was found. in vi ... | 1987 | 3113495 |
| radiation inactivation analysis of enzymes. effect of free radical scavengers on apparent target sizes. | in most cases the apparent target size obtained by radiation inactivation analysis corresponds to the subunit size or to the size of a multimeric complex. in this report, we examined whether the larger than expected target sizes of some enzymes could be due to secondary effects of free radicals. to test this proposal we carried out radiation inactivation analysis on escherichia coli dna polymerase i, torula yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, chlorella vulgaris nitrate reductase, and chicke ... | 1987 | 3298256 |
| effect of dietary methionine on utilization of tissue selenium from dietary selenomethionine for glutathione peroxidase in the rat. | to study the effect of dietary methionine on the bioavailability of se from selenomethionine ([se]met), weanling rats were first loaded with se by feeding 0.5 mg se as [se]met per kg diet of a low methionine (0.17% by analysis) torula yeast-based diet for 21 d, and then were fed an se-deficient diet (less than 0.02 mg se/kg) supplemented with 0, 0.4 or 0.9% methionine for 28 d. plasma, liver and muscle se increased 2.6-, 2.5- and 2.2-fold, respectively, during [se]met supplementation, and then t ... | 1988 | 3351634 |
| effect of selenium status on mrna levels for glutathione peroxidase in rat liver. | to determine the effect of se status on the level of mrna for se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.9), rats were fed either a se-deficient torula yeast diet (less than 0.02 mg se/kg diet) or a se-adequate diet (+0.2 mg se/kg as na2seo3) for greater than 135 d. liver glutathione peroxidase activity was 0.025 for se-deficient versus 0.615 eu/mg protein for se-adequate rats. total liver rna and polyadenylated rna were isolated and subjected to northern blot analysis using a 700 bp dna pro ... | 1988 | 3382406 |
| effect of selenium repletion on glutathione peroxidase protein level in rat liver. | we have previously reported that liver glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px, ec 1.11.1.9) protein level and activity decrease exponentially during se deficiency. to determine the effect of se repletion on these parameters, se-deficient rats were repleted with 0.1 or 0.5 mg se/kg diet as na2seo3 in a 30% torula yeast-based diet and were killed 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 or 14 d later. gsh-px protein was quantitated using anti-gsh-px antibodies. dietary repletion with 0.5 mg se/kg diet increased gsh-px protein an ... | 1988 | 3392594 |
| time course study of liver lipid, mixed-function oxidase, and estradiol metabolism in laying hens fed different diets. | the purpose of this investigation was to determine if hepatic mixed-function oxidase (mfo) activity, plasma estradiol, and estradiol metabolism changed in concert with liver lipid content when laying hens were fed two diets of different composition. white leghorn laying hens were fed either a corn-soybean meal (cs) diet or cs plus fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (fay) for 24 days. hens were sampled at the start of the experiment and at 4, 24, 10, 17, and 24 days after the dietary chang ... | 1987 | 3432193 |
| interactions of selenium deficiency, vitamin e, polyunsaturated fat, and saturated fat on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in male f344 rats. | the effect of the interaction of selenium deficiency, excess vitamin e, and type of fat on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (aom) was studied in male f344 rats. the experimental diets, based on a torula yeast diet and containing 20% stripped corn oil or 20% stripped lard, were as follows: 1) selenium deficient with adequate (50 mg/kg diet) vitamin e, 2) selenium deficient with excess (750 mg/kg diet) vitamin e, 3) selenium adequate with adequate vitamin e, and 4) selenium adequate wi ... | 1986 | 3458951 |
| effects of dietary selenium on bis(2-oxopropyl)nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis in syrian golden hamsters. | in studies designed to determine the influence of dietary se on pancreatic carcinogenesis, syrian golden hamsters were fed unsupplemented torula yeast diet or diet supplemented with 0.1 or 5.0 ppm se, from sodium selenite, starting at 4 weeks of age until the termination of the study. in separate groups, hamsters were given the diet supplemented with 0.1 ppm se until 5 days after carcinogen treatment. then they were fed either the unsupplemented diet or the diet supplemented with 5.0 ppm se unti ... | 1986 | 3467117 |
| the effects of ozone inhalation on the immunological response of selenium- and vitamin e-deprived rats. | deficiencies in vitamin e (e) or se result in immune alterations, possibly due to reduction of antioxidant activity. such reductions might greatly compromise the ability of the immune system to deal with additional oxidant stress, as encountered during exposure to air pollutants such as ozone (o3). to study possible interactions of these oxidative stresses on immune function, male long-evans hooded rats were maintained 5 weeks on torula yeast-based diets, with or without the addition of e or se. ... | 1986 | 3488208 |
| maternal selenium deficiency enhances the fetolethal toxicity of methyl mercury. | the effect of maternal selenium deficiency on methyl mercury fetotoxicity was examined in the icr strain of mice. pregnant mice were fed either selenium-deficient diets based on torula yeast or selenium-supplemented diets which were identical to the former except that 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg of selenium per kilogram of diet was added as sodium selenite. fetolethality of methyl mercury was exacerbated by maternal selenium deficiency when mothers were administered sc 15, 25, or 35 mumol/kg/day of meth ... | 1987 | 3576620 |
| the effect of progressive selenium deficiency on anti-glutathione peroxidase antibody reactive protein in rat liver. | liver glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px, ec 1.11.1.9) activity decreases when weanling rats are fed a se-deficient diet. to determine the effect of dietary se deficiency on the concentration of the protein portion of gsh-px, weanling rats were fed a se-deficient (less than 0.02 ppm se) or a se-supplemented (0.2 ppm se as na2seo3) 30% torula yeast-based diet and killed 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 or 28 d later. gsh-px activity was assayed using h2o2, so only the se-dependent gsh-px was measured. anti-gsh-px ant ... | 1987 | 3585523 |
| fetal brain development in response to iodine deficiency in a primate model (callithrix jacchus jacchus). | the common cotton-eared marmoset (callithrix jacchus jacchus) has been used for the first time as a primate model to study the effects of dietary iodine deficiency on fetal brain development. paired male and female marmosets were fed a low-iodine diet of maize, peas, meat meal, torula yeast, maize oil and added vitamins, minerals and amino acids for 6 months before mating. offspring from first and second pregnancies were compared with offspring from control marmosets fed the same diet but supple ... | 1987 | 3612176 |
| influence of diet composition on hepatic lipid deposition in two lines of australorps selected for liver fat differences. | this investigation was conducted to determine if the level of liver fat in black australorp laying hens, which had been selected over several generations for high or low liver fat content, would respond to changes in diet composition similar to the response of commercial strains of white leghorns. in the first experiment, the two selected lines were fed either a corn-soybean diet (cs) or an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diet containing 4.89% each of fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (f ... | 1987 | 3615330 |
| nutritional availability to rats of selenium in four seafoods: crab (callinectes sapidus), oyster (crassostrea virginica), shrimp (penaeus duorarum) and baltic herring (clupea harengus). | 1. the present study was conducted to determine the biological availability to rats of the selenium in four high-se seafoods: crab (callinectes sapidus), oyster (crassostrea virginica), shrimp (penaeus duorarum) and baltic herring (clupea harengus). 2. weanling male rats were fed on a se-deficient torula yeast diet for 4 weeks followed by either continued depletion or repletion for 4 weeks with 0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 microgram se as selenite/g, or 0.1 or 0.2 microgram se as freeze-dried cooked test fo ... | 1986 | 3676154 |
| differential effects of dietary selenium on hepatic and renal glutathione-related enzymes and on hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in the rat. | these studies were undertaken to assess the effect of dietary selenium on glutathione-related enzyme activities in the liver and kidney and on hepatic drug metabolism. the intent was to study underlying mechanisms of selenium-induced beneficial effects in some models of hepatoxicity and carcinogenesis. dietary selenium, as sodium selenite, was incorporated into a torula yeast basal diet (0.02 ppm selenium) and fed to male rats at supplementation levels of 0.0-5.0 ppm selenium for periods of thre ... | 1987 | 3691324 |
| tolerance of low and high dietary selenium throughout the life span of syrian hamsters. | in lifetime studies on the effects of dietary selenium (se) levels, syrian hamsters were fed diets containing low (unsupplemented torula yeast), adequate (0.1 ppm se supplemented from sodium selenite), or excessive (5 ppm se supplemented from sodium selenite) levels of se. a commercial ration was fed to separate groups. male and female hamsters were assigned to each diet, and blood samples were collected at 54 and 79 weeks of age for determination of se status. body weights of male hamsters were ... | 1986 | 3752922 |
| dietary ascorbic acid and selenium relationships in the guinea pig. | plasma-, erythrocyte- and liver se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (gpx) activity, ascorbic acid (aa) concentration, and erythrocyte and liver se levels were analyzed in groups of guinea pigs fed a torula yeast-based semipurified diet supplemented with either o (-aa), 200 (+aa), or 400 (++aa) mg of aa/kg of diet and either 0.05 (+se) or 0.2 (++se) ppm of se for 24 days. plasma, erythrocyte, and liver aa concentration were directly related to the levels of aa fed. there were 21.2 +/- 2.7% and 51 ... | 1987 | 3827207 |
| [the use of "fermosin" fodder yeast in a multigeneration experiment with hens. 2. the laying period]. | in a multi-generation experiment with 120 hens of the species white leghorn per group kept in cages, the influence of 5%, 7.5% and 15% 'fermosinr' torula yeast in the ration of mixed feed on various performance parameters in the 364-day laying period was investigated under long-term toxicologic aspects. in all probability there is no indication of toxic influences. the compatibility of the biomass can be considered good provided the basic nutrition-physiologic demands are met. | 1985 | 3840364 |
| [use of "fermosine"--fodder yeast in a multi-generation trial with chickens. 3. evaluation of health safety in a long-term toxicologic test]. | in a 3-generation experiment with a total of 2520 hens and 210 cocks of the species 'white leghorn' kept in cages, the compatibility of 5.0%, 7.5% and 15% 'fermosin' torula yeast in the mixed feed ration was tested under long-term toxicologic aspects. the parameters investigated and relevant for the toxicological statement, with high probability, did not show a negative influence of the test ration. thus, a good compatibility of the tested yeast product 'fermosin' for laying hens can be stated. | 1985 | 3841275 |
| activation of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system in broiler chicks by diet changes. | two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of diet composition on activity of the microsomal mixed function oxidase (mfo) system in broiler chicks. one-day-old chicks were fed for 10 days either a corn-soy (cs) diet or diets supplemented with a combination of fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (fay) or individually with fish meal (fm), alfalfa meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs), or torula yeast (ty). activities of hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase and am ... | 1985 | 3923466 |
| the isolation of glucose tolerance factors from brewer's yeast and their relationship to chromium. | growth of brewer's yeast in the presence of cr3+ led to increased yields of substances with gtf activity in assays performed with isolated adipocytes. the formation of these substances may be a means of diminishing the toxic effects of cr on yeast. during fractionation of extracts of brewer's yeast the cr was easily dissociated from any complexes that may have been present. the gtf activity for both yeast and adipocytes was isolated in cationic and anionic small amino-acid or peptide-like molecu ... | 1985 | 3925941 |
| [use of "fermosin" fodder yeast in a multi-generation experiment with chickens. 1. the rearing period]. | the use of 5%, 7.5% and 15% 'fermosinr' torula yeast as a reference protein for soybean oilmeal and fishmeal was tested under toxicologic aspects in a multi-generation experiment over 3 generations with small chickens and young hens of the species white leghorn at the ages of between 5 and 147 days. only with a quota of 15% 'fermosinr' was the feed and energy consumption of the young animals diminished. crude protein and amino acid consumption increased with the growing concentration in the mixe ... | 1985 | 3927874 |
| low-iodine diet for the production of severe i deficiency in marmosets (callithrix jacchus jacchus). | a low-iodine diet consisting of maize, peas (pisum sativum), torula yeast, meat meal, maize oil and added vitamins, minerals and amino acids was given to eight pairs of adult, common cotton-eared marmosets (callithrix jacchus jacchus). eight control pairs were given the same diet to which potassium iodate was added. both groups also received low-i apple and deionized water. the diet provided adequate nutrition, as confirmed by the maintenance of body-weight and good health. in the i-deficient ma ... | 1985 | 3933555 |
| selenium deficiency and detoxication functions in the rat: short-term effects of cadmium. | weanling rats were fed a torula yeast-based selenium-deficient diet with or without supplementation of sodium selenite (0.2 ppm selenium) in the drinking water. after 5-6 weeks on the diet regimens, the liver glutathione peroxidase activity of the selenium-deficient groups had decreased to about 1% of the supplemented groups, and the rats were then used in experiments. cadmium-induced effects on the drug-metabolizing system of the liver were measured as the microsomal capacity to perform n- and ... | 1986 | 3956391 |
| effects of vitamin e and selenium deficiencies on rat immune function. | the effects of dietary restriction of vitamin e and selenium were studied in male long-evans hooded rats. weanling animals were maintained for 5-6 weeks on torula yeast-based diets, with or without the addition of vitamin e (150 iu/kg) or selenium (0.5 mg/kg), to form the following dietary groups: +e, +se; +e, -se; -e, +se; -e, -se, and a fifth group pair-fed with the -e, -se group. this latter group exhibited a decreased rate of growth similar to the -e, -se group. lymphocyte blastogenesis in r ... | 1985 | 3972431 |
| the effect of marginal levels of calcium, fish meal, torula yeast and alfalfa meal on feed intake, hepatic lipid accumulation, plasma estradiol, and egg shell quality among laying hens. | in two 2 x 3 factorial-design experiments, single comb white leghorn (scwl) laying hens were fed either a corn-soy (cs) diet or one containing 5% each of fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (fay), each with 2.0, 2.75, or 3.5% calcium in experiment 1 and 2.5, 3.5, or 4.5% in experiment 2. duration of the experiments were 6 and 8 weeks, respectively. low dietary calcium resulted in decreased efficiency of energy utilization in both experiments and significantly elevated energy consumption in ... | 1985 | 4001075 |
| dietary effects on content of hepatic lipid, plasma minerals, and tissue ascorbic acid in hens and estrogenized chicks. | the purpose of this study was to determine if plasma mineral levels and plasma or hepatic ascorbic acid would be affected by the composition of the diet fed to chickens with higher circulating estrogen levels. three-week-old broiler chicks were implanted with estradiol dipropionate to give estimated release rates of 0, 3.2, and 8.0 micrograms/bird/day. the chicks were fed a corn-soy diet (cs) or a diet containing 5% fish meal, 5% alfalfa meal and 10% torula yeast (fay). the fay diet resulted in ... | 1985 | 4001076 |
| selenium and drug metabolism--iii. relation of glutathione-peroxidase and other hepatic enzyme modulations to dietary supplements. | male mice were fed a torula yeast-based diet containing different amounts of added selenium for a period of 4 months. liver glutathione peroxidase activity assayed with h2o2 showed a logarithmic dependence on dietary selenium with a saturation plateau above 2 ppm se and an extrapolated zero of 0.02 ppm se. in contrast, liver selenium content and gsh-peroxidase activity showed a linear correlation. glutathione peroxidase activity became undetectable at a liver se content of about 90 ng se/g liver ... | 1985 | 4015677 |
| selenium deficiency and detoxication functions in the rat: effect of chronic dietary cadmium. | male rats from moderately selenium-deficient dams were fed a torula yeast-based, selenium-deficient diet for 7 weeks, with or without added supplements of sodium selenite (0.2 ppm selenium) and cadmium chloride (50 ppm cadmium) in the drinking water. cadmium caused about 10% body-weight loss in selenium-deficient, as well as in supplemented rats. glutathione peroxidase activity in liver 105,000 g supernatant and in erythrocyte hemolysate from selenium-deficient rats was about 1% and 3%, respecti ... | 1985 | 4028975 |
| effect of dietary selenium deficiency on incidence and size of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in rats. | torula yeast diets deficient (less than or equal to 0.02 ppm) in selenium (se) and a control diet supplemented with sodium selenite (0.1 ppm se), were fed to 52 male sprague-dawley rats per diet for 23 wk following weaning. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh) was administered (20 mg/kg body weight) in 20 weekly i.p. injections after 3 wk of feeding. after 23 wk, 67% of the rats fed the se-deficient diet had intestinal adenocarcinomas versus 63% on the 0.1 ppm se diets. diet also had no effect on the num ... | 1985 | 4032067 |
| liver response to diet and estrogen in white leghorn and rhode island red chickens. | experiments were conducted to compare the response of rhode island reds (rir) and white leghorns (wl) to estradiol (e2) administration and diets of different composition. in growing chickens injected with e2 for 7 days, rir accumulated significantly more hepatic lipid and had significantly less plasma lipid than wl. both rir and wl, injected for 4 days with e2, had lower hepatic lipids when fed a diet containing fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (fay) than when fed a corn-soybean meal di ... | 1985 | 4039822 |
| impaired ketone body metabolism in the selenium deficient rat. possible implications. | male rats were fed a selenium-deficient torula yeast diet with or without 0.2 ppm selenium (as sodium selenite) in the drinking water. selenium deficiency caused a significant increase of urinary acetoacetate excretion in fed rats, and 24 or 48 hours of starvation enhanced this effect. two days of selenium supplementation decreased the amount of urinary acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate to 50% of the deficiency value, indicating an enzymatic impairment in the selenium-deficient rat. no selenium ... | 1985 | 4058313 |
| differential effects of dietary selenium on hepatic and renal glutathione metabolism in the rat. | studies were undertaken to determine whether or not dietary selenium (se), as sodium selenite, at suboptimal (unsupplemented torula yeast diets, 0.02 ppm se) or supplemented up to dietary excess, but nontoxic, levels (5.0 ppm se) could selectively modify hepatic and renal reduced glutathione (gsh) levels and the enzymes involved in gsh metabolism. male rats were provided torula yeast semipurified diets containing approximately 0.02 ppm se in the basal diet and supplements of 0.1, 2.0, or 5.0 ppm ... | 1985 | 4064933 |
| effects of selenium supplementation on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. | four groups of weanling male wistar rats (groups a-d) received diethylnitrosamine (den, 40 ppm) in their drinking water for four weeks; after a recovery period of two weeks, they received (for the rest of the experiment) phenobarbital (pb, 500 ppm) added to a torula yeast-based diet containing 0.17 ppm of selenium. dietary selenium (2 ppm), as sodium selenite, was given to group b one week before and during den treatment, to group c one week before and during pb treatment, and to group d during ... | 1985 | 4070005 |
| [initial research on the use of mixed corn grain and stalk silage in broiler fattening]. | the suitability of a corn and cob maize silage (ccm) as a component rich in energy in the fattening ration was investigated in a growth experiment with male broilers. the ccm silage with a dry matter content of 60.2% contained the following substances determining its value (per 1 kg dry matter of the feed): 102 g crude protein, 61 g crude fibre and 682 energetic feed units for chickens (efuc). ccm silage was either fed as a component of a feed mixture consisting of 70.5% ccm silage and 29.5% pro ... | 1985 | 4096637 |
| dietary induction of mulberry heart disease and hepatosis dietetica in pigs. i. nutritional aspects. | two trials were conducted, involving 48 yorkshire specific pathogen-free pigs, three to four weeks old, to investigate diets which would result in a high incidence of deaths from mulberry heart disease and hepatosis dietetica in pigs. diets based on ground corn with torula yeast resulted in a high incidence of death. protein supplements of dried skim milk or soybean meal with corn did not induce a high incidence of death. diets supplemented with torula yeast had the lowest selenium concentration ... | 1972 | 4263917 |