| metabolism of naphthalene by cell extracts of cunninghamella elegans. | | 1978 | 24420 |
| regiospecific synthesis of isoapocodeine from 10,11-dimethoxyaporphine by using cunninghamella elegans. | a preparative-scale regiospecific conversion of 10,11-dimethoxyaporphine to isoapocodeine was conducted with cunninghamella elegans atcc 9245. this biotransformation proceeded quantitatively in suspensions and was ph dependent. the influence of antioxidants on the conversion was studied. attempts to preserve the activity of isolated c. elegans cells by a number of methods were unsuccessful. | 1978 | 25623 |
| fungal metabolism of biphenyl. | cunninghamella elegans grown on sabouraud dextrose broth transformed biphenyl to produce 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxybiphenyl, as well as 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl as free phenols. a compound tentatively identified as 2,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl was also produced. when 4-hydroxybiphenyl or 2-hydroxybiphenyl replaced biphenyl as the substrate, c. elegans produced 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl and 2,5-dihydroxybiphenyl respectively. the compound identified as 2,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl was produced from both substrates. a s ... | 1979 | 435280 |
| bacterial and fungal oxidation of dibenzofuran. | cunninghamella elegans and a mutant strain (b8/36) of beijerinckia both oxidized dibenzofuran to 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrodibenzofuran. the bacterial metabolite was extremely unstable and, in the presence of acid, was rapidly converted into a mixture of 2- and 3-hydroxydibenzofuran. in contrast, the 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrodibenzofuran formed by c. elegans was stable and only yielded 2- and 3-hydroxydibenzofuran when heated under acidic conditions. the results suggest that beijerinckia b8/36 an ... | 1979 | 486097 |
| oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene by the filamentous fungus cunninghamella elegans. | cunninghamella elegans oxidized benzo[a]pyrene to several metabolic products. compounds that were isolated and identified were: trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene 1,6-quinone, benzo[a]pyrene 3,6-quinone, 9-hydroxybenz[a]pyrene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. in addition, an unidentified dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene metabolite was also formed. experiments with [14c]benzo[a]pyrene showed that over a 96-h period, 18.4% of the hydr ... | 1979 | 500703 |
| microbial transformations of natural antitumor agents. 7. 14-alpha-hydroxylation of withaferin-a by cunninghamella elegans (nrrl 1393). | microbial transformation experiments were conducted with the steroidlactone, withaferin-a (1a). cunninghamella elegans (nrrl 1393) converts withaferin-a into two major metabolites, one of which has been indentified as 14alpha-hydroxywithaferin-a (1b). the metabolite is obtained in 37% yield, and its structure was determined on the basis of pmr and mass spectral evidence. the metabolite has the same level of antitumor activity as withaferin-a against the sarcoma-180 tumor test system in mice. | 1978 | 675739 |
| metabolism of naphthalene by cunninghamella elegans. | cunninghamella elegans grown on sabouraud dextrose broth in the presence of naphthalene produced six metabolites. each product was isolated and identified by conventional chemical techniques. the major metabolites were 1-naphthol (67.9%) and 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone (16.7%). minor products isolated were 1,4-naphthoquinone (2.8%), 1,2-naphthoquinone (0.2%), 2-naphthol (6.3%), and trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (5.3%). c. elegans oxidized both 1-naphthol and 1,4-naphthoquinone to 4-hydrox ... | 1977 | 921262 |
| fungal degradation of anaerobically digested sewage sludge. | fifty isolates of fungi were screened for their ability to grow on and degrade sludge. cunninghamella elegans was selected for further study of degradation as affected by moisture, nutrients, time and temperature. maximal sludge degradation (total dry weight basis) was 5.8% by rhizopus oligosporus, 5.4% by c. elegans and 5.3% by myrothecium verrucaria, representing approximately 11% degradation of the organic matter present. added nutrients had little or no effect on sludge degradation. maximal ... | 1976 | 967227 |
| pulmonary mucormycosis caused by cunninghamella elegans in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. | cunninghamella elegans was cultured from autopsy materials of the infected lung of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. the histologic sections revealed extensive growth of nonseptate, broad hyphae in and about the large and small arteries and veins, occluding the vessels. this case is believed to be the second in which human infection by c. elegans has been documented. | 1975 | 1060379 |
| biosynthesis of chitin by particulate fractions from cunnighamella elegans. | the enzyme chitin synthetase (udp-acetylaminodeoxyglucosyl transferase, ec 2.4.1.16) in cunninghamella elegans has been investigated. the enzyme was present in the microsomal, cell wall, mitochondrial and the soluble cytoplasmic fraction of the mycelium, with the former having the highest specific activity. the properties of the enzyme in this fraction were investigated; the km for udp glcnac was 1.23 mm and 2.08 mm glcnac in the presence of 1 mm udp glcnac. the temperature optimum was between 2 ... | 1975 | 1160614 |
| [formation and distribution of free amino acids in cunninghamella elegans mycelium during growth on media with glucose and dodecane]. | the growth, assimilation of organic nitrogen compounds, and production and distribution of free amino acids were studied during the growth of cunninghamella elegans (--) 1204 on the defined medium 12 containing glucose and dodecane and without an additional carbon source (control). the culture utilized all leucine, glycine, and asparagine after three days of the growth, irrespective of the source of carbon in the medium. glutamic acid was assimilated only in the presence of glucose. some 15 free ... | 1975 | 1160638 |
| [lipid composition of cunninghamella elegans cultivated on n-alkanes]. | the ability to oxidize n-alkanes was studied with various species of fungi belonging to the cunninghamella genus. these fungi are able to assimilate hydrocarbons and to accumulate up to 1.5 g/litre of biomass. the most active strain was cunninghamella elegans (-) 1204. the amount of lipids formed, and their composition, depended on the length of the carbon chain of oxidized alkane. the content of fat in the cells increased with the length of the hydrocarbon chain. the following lipid fractions h ... | 1975 | 1160652 |
| [makeup of free intracellular amino acids in cunninghamella elegans growing on media with hydrocarbons]. | the rate of growth of cunninghamella elegans (--) 1204 is higher on a mineral medium with glucose (6.56 g/litre) than on a mineral medium containing undecane, tridecane, and pentadecane (0.72--0.87 g/litre); all glutamic acid is consumed only from the medium with glucose. the cells contain 15--16 free amino acids and 1--2 amides, glutamic and aspartic acids and alanine prevailing. the culture grown on the medium with glucose contains asparagine, and the cells cultivated on the medium with alkane ... | 1975 | 1177774 |
| oligounsaturated fatty acid production by selected strains of micromycetes. | fifteen strains of filamentous fungi from the culture collection of fungi (charles university, prague) were tested for their lipid production, fatty acid composition with emphasis on accumulation of oligounsaturated fatty acids. all cultures contained palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and gamma-linolenic (18:3) acid (gla). the mycelium of cunninghamella elegans, rhizopus arrhizus, mortierella parvispora, m. elongata and m. alpina contained arachid ... | 1992 | 1337332 |
| microbial models of mammalian metabolism. n-dealkylation of furosemide to yield the mammalian metabolite csa using cunninghamella elegans. | furosemide (lasix), a widely used diuretic, is metabolized by the fungus cunninghamella elegans (atcc 36112) to 4-chloro-5-sulfamoyl anthranilic acid (csa), a metabolite also present in mammalian systems. this metabolite was isolated following preparative-scale incubations of c. elegans, and was characterized by comparison with standard csa using 13c-nmr, mass spectrometry (high-resolution mass spectra, electron impact mass spectra), uv, tlc, and hplc with fluorescence detection. because a known ... | 1992 | 1362941 |
| detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by fungi. | the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are a group of hazardous environmental pollutants, many of which are acutely toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. a diverse group of fungi, including aspergillus ochraceus, cunninghamella elegans, phanerochaete chrysosporium, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and syncephalastrum racemosum, have the ability to oxidize pahs. the pahs anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, as well as several met ... | 1992 | 1367975 |
| rhizoferrin: a complexone type siderophore of the mucorales and entomophthorales (zygomycetes). | the present investigation presents evidence that rhizoferrin, a novel polycarboxylate or complexone-type siderophore, originally isolated from rhizopus microsporus, represents the common siderophore within the zygomycetes. thus, rhizoferrin could be detected by hplc analysis in various families of the mucorales, e.g., rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis, mucor mucedo and phycomyces nitens (mucoraceae), chaetostylum fresenii and cokeromyces recurvatus (thamnidiaceae), cunninghamella elegans ... | 1992 | 1387861 |
| fungal metabolism of acenaphthene by cunninghamella elegans. | the filamentous fungus cunninghamella elegans atcc 36112 metabolized within 72 h of incubation approximately 64% of the [1,8-14c]acenaphthene added. the radioactive metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate and separated by thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. seven metabolites were identified by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance, uv, and mass spectral techniques as 6-hydroxyacenaphthenone (24.8%), 1,2-acenaphthenedione (19.9%), trans-1,2-dihydroxy ... | 1992 | 1482186 |
| fungal metabolism and detoxification of fluoranthene. | five metabolites produced by cunninghamella elegans from fluoranthene (fa) in biotransformation studies were investigated for mutagenic activity towards salmonella typhimurium ta100 and ta104. whereas fa displayed positive, dose-related mutagenic responses in both tester strains in the presence of a rat liver homogenate fraction, 3-fa-beta-glucopyranoside, 3-(8-hydroxy-fa)-beta-glucopyranoside, fa trans-2,3-dihydrodiol, and 8-hydroxy-fa trans-2,3-dihydrodiol were negative. 9-hydroxy-fa trans-2,3 ... | 1992 | 1575497 |
| determination of cytochrome p-450 in cunninghamella elegans intact protoplasts and cell-free preparations capable of steroid hydroxylation. | cytochrome p-450 was shown to be involved in 11 alpha-, and 11 beta-hydroxylation of substance s in intact c. elegans protoplasts. the steroid transformation was inhibited by carbon monoxide, the inhibitory effect being dependent on co concentration. the function of cyt p-450 in intact protoplasts was confirmed by the estimation of strong absorption at 450 nm in the co difference spectrum. the presence of antimycin a was necessary to prevent the reduction of the cytochrome oxidase and its interf ... | 1991 | 1813623 |
| microbial models of mammalian metabolism: production of 3'-hydroxywarfarin, a new metabolite of warfarin using cunninghamella elegans. | warfarin, an anticoagulant and "metabolic probe" for cytochrome p-450 isozyme multiplicity, was metabolized by the fungus cunninghamella elegans (atcc 36112) to yield the previously unreported metabolite 3'-hydroxywarfarin. this metabolite was isolated from cell suspension cultures and characterized by analytical (hplc) and spectral (ei-ms, pmr) comparisons with synthetic 3'-hydroxywarfarin. | 1991 | 1865328 |
| microbial models of mammalian metabolism: biotransformations of phenacetin and its o-alkyl homologues with cunninghamella species. | 1. the analgesic compound phenacetin and its o-alkyl homologues were metabolized by cunninghamella elegans to yield the o-dealkylation product paracetamol (acetaminophen), and metabolites resulting from omega-1 hydroxylation and further oxidations. 2. structural identification was based upon physical, spectral and chromatographic comparisons of isolated metabolites with synthetic standards generated by alkylation of paracetamol with the appropriate alkyl halide, epoxide, or alpha,beta-unsaturate ... | 1990 | 2075748 |
| structure elucidation and thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (hplc/ms) of the microbial and mammalian metabolites of the antimalarial arteether. | microbial metabolism studies of the antimalarial drug arteether (1) have shown that arteether is metabolized to six new metabolites in addition to those previously reported (3). large-scale fermentations with cunninghamella elegans (atcc 9245) and streptomyces lavendulae (l-105) have resulted in the characterization of these metabolites primarily by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2d-nmr) methods as 9 beta-hydroxyarteether (2), a ring rearrangement metabolite (3), 3 alpha-hydroxy-11- ... | 1990 | 2235891 |
| fungal transformation of fluoranthene. | the fungus cunninghamella elegans atcc 36112 metabolized approximately 80% of the 3-14c-labeled fluoranthene (fa) added within 72 h of incubation. c. elegans metabolized fa to trans-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrofluoranthene (trans-2,3-dihydrodiol), 8- and 9-hydroxyfluoranthene trans-2,3-dihydrodiol, 3-fluoranthene-beta-glucopyranoside, and 3-(8-hydroxyfluoranthene)-beta-glucopyranoside. these metabolites were separated by thin-layer and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and ident ... | 1990 | 2285310 |
| stereoselective fungal metabolism of methylated anthracenes. | the metabolism of 9-methylanthracene (9-ma), 9-hydroxymethylanthracene (9-ohma), and 9,10-dimethylanthracene (9,10-dma) by the fungus cunninghamella elegans atcc 36112 is described. the metabolites were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by uv-visible, mass, and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectral techniques. the compounds 9-ma and 9,10-dma were metabolized by two pathways, one involving initial hydroxylation of the methyl group(s) and the other involving epo ... | 1990 | 2317041 |
| microbial models of mammalian metabolism: stereoselective metabolism of warfarin in the fungus cunninghamella elegans. | biotransformation stereoselectivity of warfarin was studied in the fungus cunninghamella elegans (atcc 36112) as a model of mammalian metabolism. this organism was previously shown to produce all known phenolic mammalian metabolites of warfarin, including 6-, 7-, 8-, and 4'-hydroxywarfarin, and the previously unreported 3'-hydroxywarfarin, as well as the diastereomeric warfarin alcohols, warfarin diketone, and aliphatic hydroxywarfarins. using s-warfarin and r-warfarin as substrates, and an hplc ... | 1989 | 2594692 |
| analysis of warfarin and its metabolites by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. | a high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of warfarin and its metabolites (diastereomeric warfarin alcohols and 6-, 7-, 8-, 4'- and 3'-hydroxywarfarin) in microbial cultures. ion-pair chromatography with tetrabutylammonium ion as the counter ion allowed for the complete resolution of all compounds at ph 7.5 on a reversed-phase (c18) column, thus permitting direct fluorescence detection without the use of post-column ph switching techniques. analysis of ... | 1989 | 2768373 |
| partial purification and properties of cunninghamella elegans l-alanine dehydrogenase. | l-alanine dehydrogenase was partially purified from the mycelial extracts of cunninghamella elegans. the purified enzyme was fractionated by teae-cellulose column chromatography into two fractions (subunits) designated as fractions i and ii. the activity of both fractions in the aminating reaction is 8 times higher than the activity of the deaminating reaction. ph-optimal for reductive amination of pyruvate by both fractions were 8 and 10 for oxidative deamination of l-alanine. the km values of ... | 1989 | 2800749 |
| identification of a novel metabolite in phenanthrene metabolism by the fungus cunninghamella elegans. | the metabolism of phenanthrene by the fungus cunninghamella elegans was investigated. kinetic experiments using [9-14c]phenanthrene showed that after 72 h, 53% of the total radioactivity was associated with a glucoside conjugate of 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (phenanthrene 1-o-beta-glucose). this metabolite was isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by the application of uv absorption, 1h nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral techniques. the results ... | 1989 | 2802607 |
| microbial transformation of the antihistamine pyrilamine maleate. formation of potential mammalian metabolites. | fourteen fungi were found to metabolize pyrilamine (2-[(2-dimethylaminoethyl)(p-methoxybenzyl)amino]pyridine). two cunninghamella elegans strains transformed essentially all of the pyrilamine added after 144 hr. after 48 hr of incubation, c. elegans atcc 9245 metabolized 76% of the antihistamine into methylene chloride-extractable pyrilamine metabolites. these organic-soluble metabolites were isolated by hplc and the major metabolites were characterized by comparison of their chromatographic, ma ... | 1987 | 2881765 |
| fungal transformations of antihistamines: metabolism of methapyrilene, thenyldiamine and tripelennamine to n-oxide and n-demethylated derivatives. | 1. strains of the fungus cunninghamella elegans atcc 9245 and 36112 were tested for their ability to transform the antihistamines methapyrilene (i), thenyldiamine (ii) and tripelennamine (iii). 2. antihistamine metabolites were isolated by h.p.l.c., and identified by their 1h-n.m.r. and mass spectral properties. 3. all three drugs were transformed by both c. elegans strains to n-oxidized and n-demethylated derivatives. metabolism during 96 h of incubation amounted to 85% for (i), 64% for (ii), a ... | 1988 | 2898181 |
| stereoselective fungal metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene: identification and enantiomeric resolution of a k-region dihydrodiol. | syncephalastrum racemosum ut-70 and cunninghamella elegans atcc 36112 metabolized 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12-dmba) to hydroxymethyl metabolites as well as 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene trans-3,4-, -5,6-, -8,9-, and -10,11-dihydrodiols. the 7,12-dmba metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by their uv-visible absorption, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral characteristics. a comparison of the circular dichr ... | 1987 | 3122656 |
| microbial transformation of the antihistaminic drug triprolidine hydrochloride. | the production of a known mammalian metabolite of the antihistamine triprolidine through fungal metabolic transformation has been demonstrated. the filamentous fungus cunninghamella elegans atcc 9245 was grown in sabouraud dextrose broth containing triprolidine hydrochloride monohydrate. one major metabolite was extracted with methylene chloride, isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and identified by its proton-nuclear magnetic resonance and desorption chemical ionization mass spe ... | 1988 | 3286859 |
| microbial transformation of 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene. | the fungal metabolism of the potent mutagenic and carcinogenic nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (nitro-pah) 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (6-no2-bap) was investigated. cunninghamella elegans was incubated with 6-no2-bap for periods ranging between 1 and 7 d, and the metabolites formed were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by their uv-visible absorption, mass, and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. the results of our study indicate that c. elegans metabolized 6-n ... | 1986 | 3783769 |
| stereospecific microbiological 10-o-demethylation of r-(-)-10,11-dimethoxyaporphines. | the microbiological o-dealkylation of (+) and (-) 10,11-dimethoxyaporphine and the corresponding n-n-propyl analog 10,11-dimethoxy-n-n-propylnoraporphine utilizing the fungus cunninghamella elegans (atcc 9245) was found to proceed with regioselectivity for the 10-position, and with a high degree of substrate stereospecificity for the 6a r(-)enantiomer. only the (r) 10-demethylated products were isolated i.e. (r) iosapocodeine and (r) n-n-propylnor-isoapocodeine. the products were confirmed by co ... | 1985 | 3838476 |
| fungal metabolism and detoxification of the nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1-nitropyrene. | nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, many of which are potent mutagens in bacterial and mammalian cells and carcinogenic to rodents. in this study, we investigated the fungal metabolism of 1-nitropyrene and determined the mutagenic activity of the metabolites toward salmonella typhimurium ta98, ta98nr, and ta100. cunninghamella elegans metabolized 1-nitropyrene to form glucoside conjugates of 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene. the metab ... | 1985 | 3907498 |
| fungal metabolism and detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. | the mutagenic activity of ethyl acetate extracts of culture medium from cunninghamella elegans incubated 72 h with various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) was evaluated in the salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. all of the pah extracts were assayed in tester strains ta98 and ta100 both with and without metabolic activation using a liver fraction from aroclor 1254-treated rats. none of the extracts from fungal incubations with the mutagenic pahs, benzo[a]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]an ... | 1985 | 3907570 |
| microbial metabolism of pyrene. | the isolation and identification of pyrene metabolites formed from pyrene by the fungus cunninghamella elegans is described. c. elegans was incubated with pyrene for 24 h. six metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid (hplc) and thin-layer chromatography (tlc) and characterized by the application of uv absorption, 1h-nmr and mass spectral techniques. c. elegans hydroxylated pyrene predominantly at the 1,6- and 1,8-positions with subsequent glucosylation to form glucosid ... | 1986 | 3955791 |
| fungal metabolism of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate. | the fungal metabolism of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (bpdp) was studied. cunninghamella elegans was incubated with bpdp for 7 days, and the metabolites formed were separated by thin-layer, gas-liquid, or high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral techniques. c. elegans metabolized bpdp predominantly at the tert-butyl moiety to form the carboxylic acid 4-(2-carboxy-2-propyl)triphenyl phosphate. in addition, 4-hydroxy-4'-(2-carboxy ... | 1985 | 4051482 |
| [formation of lipids and their composition in cunninghamella elegans during growth on media with different sugars]. | | 1973 | 4769914 |
| [effect of temperature and aeration on the biosynthesis and makeup of the lipids in the (-) forms of the heterothallic fungi blakeslea trispora and cunninghamella elegans]. | | 1973 | 4791534 |
| effect of substrate on the fatty acid composition of hydrocarbon-utilizing filamentous fungi. | the fatty acid pattern in hydrocarbon-utilizing filamentous fungi was determined after growth on acetate, propionate, n-alkanes (c(13) to c(15)), and alk-1-enes (c(14) to c(18)). the fatty acid profile of cunninghamella elegans and penicillium zonatum after growth on acetate shows a predominance of even-carbon fatty acids (c(16), c(18:1), c(18:2)), whereas cells grown on propionate showed significantly higher levels of odd-carbon fatty acids (c(15), c(17), c(17:1)). growth on n-alkanes resulted ... | 1974 | 4829928 |
| [lipid composition of (+) and (-) strains of cunninghamella elegans and cunninghamella echinulata]. | | 1972 | 5043503 |
| assimilation of nitrates and phosphates by ascorbic acid-fed mycelia of cunninghamella elegans. | | 1967 | 5602115 |
| [interaction of ascorbic acid and colchicine with sucrose utilization by cunninghamella elegans]. | | 1968 | 5672580 |
| effect of various nitrogen sources and-or colchicine on the utilization of l-arabinose by cunninghamella elegans. | | 1968 | 5731012 |
| effect of univalent cations and colchicine on growth, respiration and carbohydrate metabolism of cunninghamella elegans. | | 1966 | 5958590 |
| stereochemistry and evidence for an arene oxide-nih shift pathway in the fungal metabolism of naphthalene. | the mechanism of naphthalene oxidation by the filamentous fungus, cunninghamella elegans is described. c. elegans oxidized naphthalene predominately to trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene. a trans configuration was assigned for the dihydrodiol by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy at 500 mhz which showed a large coupling constant (j1,2) of 11.0 hz. comparison of the circular dichroism spectrum of the fungal trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene to that formed ... | 1983 | 6406078 |
| metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by cunninghamella elegans. | the metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in cultures of cunninghamella elegans were isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by uv spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. the major metabolites were dmba-trans-8,9-dihydrodiol and dmba-trans-3,4-dihydrodiol. the 7-hydroxymethyl and the 12-hydroxymethyl derivatives of these dihydrodiol metabolites were also formed. the metabolic profile described in this report co ... | 1983 | 6418073 |
| effects of a fluoro substituent on the fungal metabolism of 1-fluoronaphthalene. | the metabolism of 1-fluoronaphthalene by cunninghamella elegans atcc 36112 was studied. the metabolites were isolated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by the application of uv absorption, 1h nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral techniques. c. elegans oxidized 1-fluoronaphthalene predominantly at the 3,4- and 5,6-positions to form trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1-fluoronaphthalene and trans-5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-1-fluoronaphthalene. in addition, ... | 1984 | 6486779 |
| assimilation of chlorinated alkanes by hydrocarbon-utilizing fungi. | the fatty acid compositions of two filamentous fungi (cunninghamella elegans and penicillium zonatum) and a yeast (candida lipolytica) were determined after the organisms were grown on 1-chlorohexadecane or 1-chlorooctadecane. these organisms utilized the chlorinated alkanes as sole sources of carbon and energy. analyses of the fatty acids present after growth on the chlorinated alkanes indicated that 60 to 70% of the total fatty acids in c. elegans were chlorinated. approximately 50% of the fat ... | 1984 | 6501228 |
| regio- and stereo-selective metabolism of 4-methylbenz[a]anthracene by the fungus cunninghamella elegans. | metabolism of 4-methylbenz[a]anthracene by the fungus cunninghamella elegans was studied. c. elegans metabolized 4-methylbenz[a]anthracene primarily at the methyl group, this being followed by further metabolism at the 8,9- and 10,11-positions to form trans-8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene and trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene. there was no detectable trans-dihydrodiol formed at the methyl-substituted double bond (3,4-positions) or at ... | 1983 | 6661203 |
| transformation of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene by cunninghamella elegans. | cunninghamella elegans metabolized 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene primarily at the methyl group to form 1- and 2-hydroxymethylnaphthalene, respectively. other compounds isolated and identified were 1- and 2-naphthoic acids, 5-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid, 5-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, and phenolic derivatives of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene. the metabolites were isolated by thin-layer and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by the application of uv ... | 1984 | 6696408 |
| stereoselective metabolism of anthracene and phenanthrene by the fungus cunninghamella elegans. | the fungus cunninghamella elegans oxidized anthracene and phenanthrene to form predominately trans-dihydrodiols. the metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography for structural and conformational analyses. comparison of the circular dichroism spectrum of the fungal trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroanthracene to that formed by rat liver microsomes indicated that the major enantiomer of the trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroanthracene formed by c. elegans had an s,s a ... | 1984 | 6696409 |
| protoplast release from fungi capable of steroid transformation. | protoplasts were obtained from hyphoderma roseum (fries) and cunninghamella elegans (lendner), fungi capable of steroid 11-hydroxylation. the lytic enzyme preparation was derived from trichoderma viride cbs 354-33. homogeneous protoplast suspension, free of mycelial debris and cell wall fragments, transformed cortexolone and 6 alpha-fluorocortexolone-16,17-acetonide to the same products as the intact mycelium of the microorganisms. liberation of protoplasts and their stabilization during steroid ... | 1984 | 6713303 |
| metabolism of xenobiotic compounds by enzymes in cell extracts of the fungus cunninghamella elegans. | cell extracts of the filamentous fungus cunninghamella elegans contain epoxide hydrolase (ec 3.3.2.3), glutathione s-transferase (ec 2.5.1.18) and udp-glucuronosyltransferase (ec 2.4.1.17) activities. epoxide hydrolase activity was determined with p-nitrostyrene oxide as substrate and was shown to be associated with the 100 000 g pellet obtained from disrupted mycelia. glutathione s-transferase activity was demonstrated with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and p-nitrobenzyl chloride as substrates. t ... | 1982 | 6812568 |
| the comparative virulence of thermotolerant mucorales species in mice. | the comparative virulence of thermotolerant mucorales was determined for cortisone-treated and untreated swiss mice by intravenous administration of spores. the measure of virulence was based on an ld50 value, calculated after the 30-day observation period. of the known etiological agents of mucormycosis, mucor meihei, m. pusillus, rhizopus arrhizus, r. chinensis, r. cohnii, r. microsporus, r. oryzae, r. rhizopodiformis and cunninghamella elegans were able to produce fatal infections in mice; wh ... | 1983 | 6877338 |
| fungal oxidation of (+/-)-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene: formation of diastereomeric benzo[a]pyrene 9,10-diol 7,8-epoxides. | the filamentous fungus cunninghamella elegans oxidized (+/-) trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]-pyrene to a complex mixture of metabolites which were detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography. two of the metabolites were identified as (+/-)7 beta, 8 alpha, 9 alpha, 10 beta-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene and (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha,9 beta,10 alpha-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene. a third product gave absorption and mass spectra consistent with a diol-epoxi ... | 1980 | 6933504 |
| fungal oxidation of 3-methylcholanthrene: formation of proximate carcinogenic metabolites of 3-methylcholanthrene. | the filamentous fungus, cunninghamella elegans, was found to metabolize the potent carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc) to 1-hydroxy-3-mc, 2-hydroxy-3-mc, 1-keto-3-mc, 2-keto-3-mc and trans-9,10-dihydrodiols of 1-hydroxy-3-mc. in addition several unidentified derivatives of 3-mc were found. the metabolites formed were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) and identified by comparison of retention times, absorbance, fluorescence and mass spectra with those of synthetic standa ... | 1982 | 7055849 |
| glucuronide and sulfate conjugation in the fungal metabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons. | cunninghamella elegans oxidized naphthalene to ethyl acetate-soluble and water-soluble metabolites. experiments with [14c]-naphthalene indicated that 21% of the substrate was converted into metabolites. the ratio of organic-soluble metabolites to water-soluble metabolites was 76:24. the major ethyl acetate-soluble naphthalene metabolites were trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-naphthalene, 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone, and 1-naphthol. enzymatic treatment of the aqueous phase with either arylsulfatase or b ... | 1982 | 7103474 |
| factors regulating the steroid 11-hydroxylation by non-germinating spores of cunninghamella elegans (lendner). | in the presence of malate or citrate sporangiospores of c. elegans were able to hydroxylate cortexolone with a rate twofold exceeding that of the control, water suspended spores. analysis of the intracellular nicotinamide coenzyme pools revealed an increased nadph:(nadp+ + nadph) ratio, indicating more effective nadph-generating systems in malate- or citrate-stimulating spores. swollen spores remaining in the pregermination state, retained higher cortexolone-hydroxylating activity in the absence ... | 1982 | 7124000 |
| metabolism of 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene and 7-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene by cunninghamella elegans. | the fungal metabolism of 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-mba) and 7-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (7-ohmba) was studied. 7-mba was metabolized by cunninghamella elegans to form 7-ohmba-trans-8,9-dihydrodiol and 7-ohmba-trans-3,4-dihydrodiol as the predominant metabolites. other metabolites were identified as 7-ohmba, 7-mba-trans-8,9-dihydrodiol and 7-mba-trans-3,4-dihydrodiol, and 7-mba-8,9,10,11-tetraol. incubation of 7-ohmba with c. elegans cells indicated that 7-ohmba-trans-8,9-dihydrodiol and ... | 1982 | 7138006 |
| microbial transformations of natural antitumor agents. 23. conversion of withaferin-a to 12 beta- and 15 beta-hydroxy derivatives of withaferin-a. | microbial transformation experiments were conducted with the antitumor lactone withaferin-a. cunninghamella elegans nrrl 1393 transformed withaferin-a (1a) to 15 beta-hydroxywithaferin-a (2a) and 12 beta-hydroxy-withaferin-a (3a). the hydroxylated metabolites were isolated by solvent extraction and were purified by column and thin-layer chromatography. structures of the hydroxylated metabolites were determined by proton-and carbon-13 nmr, ir and mass spectral analyses, and by the preparation of ... | 1982 | 7157453 |
| fungal oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene: formation of (-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene by cunninghamella elegans. | | 1980 | 7190014 |
| [fatty acid composition of certain species of fungi of the family choanephoraceae]. | saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with an unbranched chain and an even number of carbon atoms from c12 to c24 were found in phospholipids of the fungi cunninghamella elegans, cun. homothallica and blakeslea trispora. palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids constituted a considerable part in the fraction of fatty acids. oleic acid (47 mole %) predominated in cun. elegans and cun. homothallica whereas linoleic acid (62 mole %) prevailed in bl. trispora. | 1980 | 7442574 |
| p450 catalysed s-oxidation of dibenzothiophene by cunninghamella elegans. | 1. approximately 98% of dibenzothiophene (dbt) was converted to dbt sulphoxide (86% of total metabolites) and dbt sulphone (14% of total metabolites) after a 24-h incubation with the filamentous fungus cunninghamella elegans (atcc-36112). 2. dbt sulphoxidation was significantly decreased in incubations with the concomitant additions of metyrapone, piperonyl butoxide and 1-aminobenzotriazole indicating a p450 monooxygenase-catalysed reaction. 3. dbt sulphoxidation was also significantly decreased ... | 1994 | 7701849 |
| comparison of l-aspartate 4-carboxy-lyases of cunninghamella elegans and penicillium citrinum. | l-aspartate 4-carboxy-lyase of cunninghamella elegans and penicillium citrinum has a ph optimum of 5.5. maximal activity of both enzymes is obtained at 40 degrees c, and both are thermolabile. the km of the c. elegans enzyme for l-aspartate is 25 mm, while that of the p. citrinum enzyme is 27 mm. the two enzymes are specific for l-aspartate. they are activated by pyridoxal 5-phosphate and a number of alpha-keto acids. the catalytic activity of both enzymes is stimulated by co2+, fe2+, ni2+ and m ... | 1994 | 7987614 |
| metabolism of benz[a]anthracene by the filamentous fungus cunninghamella elegans. | the metabolism of the carcinogen benz[a]anthracene (ba), a tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, by cunninghamella elegans was investigated. c. elegans grown on sabouraud dextrose broth transformed [14c]ba to labeled ba trans-8,9-dihydrodiol (90%), ba trans-10,11-dihydrodiol (6%), and ba trans-3,4-dihydrodiol (4%), but not to ba trans-5,6-dihydrodiol. these metabolites were separated by thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and were identified by uv and ... | 1994 | 7993083 |
| microbial models of mammalian metabolism. furosemide glucoside formation using the fungus cunninghamella elegans. | the diuretic furosemide (lasix) was metabolized by the fungus cunninghamella elegans (atcc 36112) to the phase ii conjugate, furosemide acyl glucoside. this metabolite was isolated following semipreparative scale incubations of c. elegans involving glucose nutrient dosing, and was characterized by nmr spectroscopy (1h and 1h/1h correlated), ms (fab), uv, hplc with fluorescence detection, and enzymatic treatments. the aglycone fragment of the conjugate was characterized as furosemide by treatment ... | 1993 | 8097695 |
| fungal metabolism of 3-nitrofluoranthene. | we investigated the metabolism of 3-nitrofluoranthene by filamentous fungus, cunninghamella elegans atcc 36112. cunninghamella elegans metabolized about 72% of the 3-nitro[3,4-14c]fluoranthene added during 144 h of incubation to 2 major metabolites. these metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified as 3-nitrofluoranthene-8-sulfate and 3-nitrofluoranthene-9-sulfate by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance, uv-visible, and mass spectral techniques. th ... | 1994 | 8207756 |
| microbial metabolism of 2-arylpropionic acids: chiral inversion of ibuprofen and 2-phenylpropionic acid. | the metabolism of (r,s)-ibuprofen has been investigated in 24 microbial cultures. of these cunninghamella elegans, mucor hiemalis, and verticillium lecanii catalyzed the oxidation of the drug to 2-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propionic acid, a known mammalian metabolite. the extent of metabolism was greatest with v. lecanii, with some 47% of the substrate being consumed over a 7-day incubation period. enantiomeric analysis indicated stereoselective metabolism of (r)-ibuprofen, the enantio ... | 1993 | 8305287 |
| biotransformation of fluorene by the fungus cunninghamella elegans. | the metabolism of fluorene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, by cunninghamella elegans atcc 36112 was investigated. approximately 69% of the [9-14c]fluorene added to cultures was metabolized within 120 h. the major ethyl acetate-soluble metabolites were 9-fluorenone (62%), 9-fluorenol, and 2-hydroxy-9-fluorenone (together, 7.0%). similarly to bacteria, c. elegans oxidized fluorene at the c-9 position of the five-member ring to form an alcohol and the corresponding ketone. in addition, c. elegan ... | 1993 | 8328814 |
| fungal transformations of antihistamines: metabolism of brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, and pheniramine to n-oxide and n-demethylated metabolites by the fungus cunninghamella elegans. | 1. two strains of the filamentous fungus cunninghamella elegans (atcc 9245 and atcc 36112) were screened for their ability to metabolize three alkylamine-type antihistamines; brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine and pheniramine. 2. based on the amount of parent drug recovered after 168 h of incubation, c. elegans atcc 9245 metabolized 60, 45 and 29% of brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine and pheniramine added respectively. the results from strain atcc 36112 were essentially identical to those of stra ... | 1995 | 8578764 |
| new polyoxygenated ent-manoyl oxides obtained by biotransformation with filamentous fungi. | incubation of methyl (13r)-ent-16-hydroxy-8 alpha,13-epoxylabd-14-en-18-oate [4] with curvularia lunata yielded ent-1 beta-hydroxy [6] and ent-6 beta-hydroxy [7] derivatives, and that of methyl (13s)-ent-16-dihydroxy-8 alpha,13-epoxylabd-14-en-18-oate [5] with the same organism gave ent-11 beta-hydroxy [8], ent-6 beta-hydroxy [9], and ent-6 beta,11 beta-dihydroxy [10] derivatives. the incubation of substrates 4 and 5 with fusarium moniliforme afforded ent-1 beta-hydroxy derivatives (6 and 14, re ... | 1995 | 8594146 |
| fungal metabolism of 2-nitrofluorene. | nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-pahs) are direct-acting mutagens and carcinogens that are considered a risk to human health. we investigated the metabolism of 2-nitrofluorene by the fungus cunninghamella elegans atcc 36112. at 144 h of incubation, c. elegans had metabolized about 81% of the [9-14c]-2-nitrofluorene, resulting in 6 metabolites. the major metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by 1h nmr, ultraviolet (uv)-v ... | 1996 | 8614025 |
| initial oxidative and subsequent conjugative metabolites produced during the metabolism of phenanthrene by fungi. | three filamentous fungi were examined for the ability to biotransform phenanthrene to oxidative (phase i) and conjugative (phase ii) metabolites. phenanthrene metabolites were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and identified by uv/visible absorption, mass, and 1h nmr spectra. aspergillus niger atcc 6275, syncephalastrum racemosum ut-70, and cunninghamella elegans atcc 9245 initially transformed [9-(14)c]phenanthrene to produce metabolites at the 9,10-, 1,2-, and 3,4-posit ... | 1996 | 8652115 |
| biotransformation of amitriptyline by cunninghamella elegans. | a fungal biotransformation system as an in vitro model for mammalian drug metabolism was investigated. amitriptyline, a widely used antidepressant, was effectively biotransformed within 72 hr by the filamentous fungus, cunninghamella elegans. eight major metabolites in hplc elution order (11-hydroxyamitriptyline n-oxide, 11-hydroxynortriptyline, 11-hydroxyamitriptyline, 10-hydroxyamitriptyline, 3-hydroxyamitriptyline, 2-hydroxyamitriptyline, nortriptyline, and amitriptyline n-oxide) were produce ... | 1995 | 8689954 |
| fungal biotransformation of the antihistamine azatadine by cunninghamella elegans. | the metabolism of the antihistamine azatadine by the zygomycete fungus cunninghamella elegans atcc 9245 was investigated. within 72 h from the addition of the drug to 48-h-old cultures grown in sabouraud dextrose broth, 95% of azatadine was biotransformed. two major metabolites, 7-hydroxyazatadine (25%) and 8-hydroxyazatadine (50%), and two minor metabolites, n-desmethylazatadine and 9-hydroxyazatadine, were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by mass spectrometr ... | 1996 | 8795241 |
| formation of mammalian metabolites of cyclobenzaprine by the fungus, cunninghamella elegans. | the fungus, cunninghamella elegans, was used as a microbial model of mammalian drug metabolism to biotransform a tricyclic antidepressant, cyclobenzaprine. seventy-five percent of this drug at a concentration of 1 mm was metabolized within 72 h by c. elegans grown on sabouraud dextrose broth. milligram amounts of fungal metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and their structures were characterized by 1h nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and u ... | 1996 | 8950223 |
| a method for the large scale isolation of high transformation efficiency fungal genomic dna. | a procedure for isolation of genomic dna from the zygomycete cunninghamella elegans and other filamentous fungi and yeasts is reported. this procedure involves disruption of cells by grinding using dry ice, removal of polysaccharides using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and by phenol extractions, and precipitation of dna with isopropanol at room temperature. the isolation method produced large scale (approximate 1 mg dna/5 g wet cells) and highly purified high molecular mass dna. sau3ai partiall ... | 1996 | 8961565 |
| biotransformation of chlorpromazine and methdilazine by cunninghamella elegans. | when tested as a microbial model for mammalian drug metabolism, the filamentous fungus cunninghamella elegans metabolized chlorpromazine and methdilazine within 72 h. the metabolites were extracted by chloroform, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, and uv spectroscopic analyses. the major metabolites of chlorpromazine were chlorpromazine sulfoxide (36%), n-desmethylchlorpromazine (11%), n-desmethyl-7-hydroxychlorproma ... | 1996 | 8975609 |
| changes in mutagenicity during crude oil degradation by fungi. | two fungal strains, cunninghamella elegans and penicillium zonatum, that grow with crude oil as a sole carbon source were exposed to three crude oils that exhibit a range of mutagenic activity. at regular time intervals following fungal incubation with the various crude oils, extracts were tested for the presence of mutagenic activity using the spiral salmonella assay. when the most mutagenic of the oils, pennsylvania crude oil, was degraded by c. elegans or by p. zonatum, its mutagenicity was s ... | 1996 | 8987891 |
| phase i and phase ii enzymes produced by cunninghamella elegans for the metabolism of xenobiotics. | the filamentous fungus cunninghamella elegans has the ability to metabolize xenobiotics, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pharmaceutical drugs, by both phase i and ii biotransformations. cytosolic and microsomal fractions were assayed for activities of cytochrome p450 monooxygenase, aryl sulfotransferase, glutathione s-transferase, udp-glucurono-syltransferase, udp-glucosyltransferase, and n-acetyltransferase. the cytosolic preparations contained activities of an aryl sulfotransfer ... | 1996 | 9026450 |
| metabolism of metolachlor by the fungus cunninghamella elegans. | the metabolism of metolachlor[2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-n-(2-methoxy-1-met hyl ethyl)acetamide]by the fungus cunninghamella elegans atcc 36112 was determined. thesix metabolites identified comprised 81% of the total[14c]-metolachlor metabolized by c. elegans. thesemetabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquidchromatography and identified by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance, uv, and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (apci) mass spectraltechniques. metabolites ... | 1997 | 9069185 |
| fungal transformations of antihistamines: metabolism of cyproheptadine hydrochloride by cunninghamella elegans. | 1. metabolites formed during incubation of the antihistamine cyproheptadine hydrochloride with the zygomycete fungus cunninghamella elegans in liquid culture were determined. the metabolites were isolated by hple and identified by mass spectrometric and proton nmr spectroscopic analysis. two c elegans strains, atcc 9245 and atcc 36112, were screened and both produced essentially identical metabolites. 2. within 72 h cyproheptadine was extensively biotransformed to at least eight oxidative phase- ... | 1997 | 9141237 |
| microbial models of mammalian metabolism. biotransformations of hp 749 (besipirdine) using cunninghamella elegans. | hp 749 (besipirdine; hoechst-roussel pharmaceuticals, inc., somerville, nj) and related analogs belonging to the n-(4-pyridinyl)-1h-indol-1-amine class of compounds have shown a potential to mitigate multiple biochemical deficits associated with alzheimer's disease. hp 749 has demonstrated cholinergic and nonadrenergic activities both in vitro and in vivo, and has potential for the symptomatic treatment of alzheimer's disease. the three primary metabolites of hp 749 in dogs, rats, and humans res ... | 1997 | 9193872 |
| microbial biotransformations of a synthetic immunomodulating agent, hr325. | the microbial biotransformation of hr325 [2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy-n-(4'-trifluoromethyl-3'-methylphenyl)- propenamide], a synthetic immunomodulating agent, has been investigated in order to be compared with animal metabolism and to prepare some metabolites which are difficult to obtain by chemical methods. several fungal strains are able to completely metabolize this drug. mortierella isabellina nrrl 1757 only achieves a benzylic hydroxylation on the aromatic methyl group, affording in h ... | 1997 | 9377097 |
| glucose-conjugation of the flavones of psiadia arabica by cunninghamella elegans. | microbial transformation of psiadiarabin and its 6-desmethoxy analogue 5,3' dihydroxy-7,2',4'5'-tetramethoxyflavone by cunninghamella elegans nrrl 1392 gave the 3'-glucoside conjugates of the two flavones. structural elucidation of these two new metabolites was achieved using 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy and cims. | 1997 | 9423290 |
| fungal metabolism of nitrofluoranthenes. | metabolism of 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-nfa), one of the most abundant and genotoxic environmental pollutants in air, and of a mixture of 2-nitrofluoranthene and 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-nfa) was studied using (1) the fungus cunninghamella elegans atcc 36112 and (2) rat liver microsomes. the fungal metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and identified by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectrometry, ultraviolet (uv)-visible spectroscopy, and onl ... | 1998 | 9444318 |
| microbial transformations of isocupressic acid. | microbial transformations of the labdane-diterpene isocupressic acid (1) with different microorganisms yielded several oxygenated metabolites that were isolated and characterized by ms and nmr spectroscopic analyses. nocardia aurantia (atcc 12674) catalyzed the cleavage of the 13,14-double bond to yield a new nor-labdane metabolite, 2. cunninghamella elegans (-) (nrrl 1393) gave 7beta-hydroxyisocupressic acid (3) and labda-7,13(e)-diene-6beta,15, 17-triol-19-oic acid (4), and mucor mucedo (atcc ... | 1998 | 9677275 |
| fungal biotransformation of 6-nitrochrysene. | the fungus cunninghamella elegans was used to biotransform 6-nitrochrysene, a mutagen that is a widespread environmental contaminant. after 6 days, 74% of the 3h-labeled 6-nitrochrysene added had been metabolized to two isomeric sulfate conjugates. these conjugates were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by uv-visible, 1h nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral techniques as 6-nitrochrysene 1-sulfate and 6-nitrochrysene 2-sulfate. | 1998 | 9687485 |
| the formation of 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene and 6-hydroxymethylquinoline by both oxidative and reductive routes in cunninghamella elegans. | extraction of medium after incubation of the fungus, cunninghamella elegans, with 0.03% (w/v) 1-methylnaphthalene produced mainly 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene together with some 1-naphthoic acid and hydroxynaphthoic acid. higher concentrations of substrate were inhibitory to biotransformation. similar incubations with 1-naphtoic acid as substrate resulted in reduction of the carboxyl group to give 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene. when 6-methylquinoline was used, the main product was 6-hydroxymethylquin ... | 1998 | 9802224 |
| identification and sequencing of a cdna encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from a fungus, cunninghamella elegans and expression of the gene in escherichia coli. | the fungus, cunninghamella elegans has been widely used in bioremediation and microbial models of mammalian studies in many laboratories. using the polymerase chain reaction to randomly amplify the insert directly from the single non-blue plaques of a c. elegans cdna library, then partly sequencing and comparing with genbank sequences, we have identified a clone which contains c. elegans 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene. the polymerase chain reaction product was cloned into a plasmid, pgem- ... | 1998 | 9868787 |
| nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic separation and thermo-optical absorbance detection of five tricyclic antidepressants and metabolism of amitriptyline by cunninghamella elegans. | we developed a technique based on nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and laser-based thermo-optical absorbance detection to assay five antidepressants with similar structures and mass-to-charge ratios. a mixture of methanol and acetonitrile with ammonium acetate was essential to achieve baseline resolution of these compounds. we investigated the effects of ammonium acetate concentration, temperature, applied voltage, and capillary length on separation efficiency. the nonaqueous capillary elect ... | 1998 | 9932812 |
| on-line nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and electrospray mass spectrometry of tricyclic antidepressants and metabolic profiling of amitriptyline by cunninghamella elegans. | an on-line nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry (esi-ms) technique was developed using a commercial ion spray interface. the nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis esi-ms system was used to profile tricyclic antidepressants of similar structures and mass-to-charge ratios. we found that pure methanol can be used as a sheath liquid to obtain stable ion spray from nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. the flow rate of the coaxial nebulizing gas affected baseline signals ... | 1998 | 9932813 |
| removal of anthracene and phenanthrene by filamentous fungi capable of cortexolone 11-hydroxylation. | nine fungal strains showing ability of cortexolone hydroxylation to epicortisol and/or cortisol were screened in this work for anthracene and phenanthrene elimination (250 mg/l). all of the strains (cylindrocladium simplex im 2358, c. simplex im 2358/650, monosporium olivaceum im 484, curvularia lunata im 2901, c. lunata im 2901/366, c. tuberculata im 4417, cunninghamella elegans im 1785, c. elegans im 1785/21gp, c. elegans im 1785/10gi) significantly removed anthracene and phenanthrene. during ... | 1999 | 10335604 |
| microbial transformation of sampangine. | microbial transformation studies of the antifungal alkaloid sampangine (2) have revealed that it is metabolized by a number of microorganisms. using a standard two-stage fermentation technique, beauvaria bassiana (atcc 7159), doratomyces microsporus (atcc 16225), and filobasidiella neoformans (atcc 10226) produced the 4'-o-methyl-beta-glucopyranose conjugate (3), while absidia glauca (atcc 22752), cunninghamella elegans (atcc 9245), cunninghamella species (nrrl 5695), and rhizopus arrhizus (atcc ... | 1999 | 10425122 |
| effects of culture parameters on the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) by selected fungi. groupe pour l'etude du devenir des xénobiotiques dans l'environnement (gedexe). | in order to enhance 2,4-d and 2,4-dcp degradation by four selected fungi (cunninghamella elegans, c. echinulata, rhizoctonia solani and verticillium lecanii), three culture parameters (initial chemical concentration, amounts of glucose and nitrogen) were varied. the levels of both xenobiotics in the culture media were monitored by hplc analysis after five days of cultivation. the best results were obtained at low initial concentration (20 mg.l-1 vs 100) and with low amounts of glucose (5 g.l-1 v ... | 1999 | 10481243 |
| biotransformation of doxepin by cunninghamella elegans. | a filamentous fungus, cunninghamella elegans atcc 9245, was used as a microbial model of mammalian metabolism to biotransform doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant drug. doxepin is produced as an 85:15% mixture of the trans- (e) and cis- (z) forms. after 96 h of incubation in sabouraud dextrose broth, 28% of the drug was metabolized to 16 metabolites. no change in the trans- (e) and cis- (z) ratio of doxepin was observed. metabolites were isolated by reversed phase hplc and identified by (1)h nmr ... | 1999 | 10497142 |
| microbial conversion of methyl- and methoxy- substituted derivatives of 5h-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline as a method of developing novel cytotoxic agents. | in furtherance of our structure-activity relationship studies on the antitumor activity of indolo[2,3-b]quinolines, novel cytotoxic derivatives bearing methyl groups at n-5, c-11, c-2 and/or c-9, as well as methoxy-groups at c-2 and/or c-9, were synthesized by the modified graebe-ullmann reaction. to elucidate the metabolic pathways of these compounds, zygomycete fungus cunninghamella elegans atcc 9245 (which is known to produce drug metabolites that are also formed in mammals) was used as a mim ... | 1999 | 10652630 |