| physiological differences among isolates of phytophthora cinnamomi. | significant differences in amylase, beta-glucosidase, and phosphatase activities were observed among four phytophthora cinnamomi isolates grown in nutrient-amended sterilized soil for 20 days. amylase ph optima for the four isolates were within a relatively narrow range; at ph 5.5 each isolate was within 90% of its peak activity. isolates sb-216-1, 1-281, and c-39 each exhibited maximal beta-glucosidase activity at ph 5.0 and maximal phosphatase activity at ph 5.0-5.5. maximal activity for these ... | 1975 | 139 |
| competition between phytophthora cinnamomi and trichoderma spp. in autoclaved soil. | results from analyses of beta-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.21) and phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1;ec 3.1.3.2) activities indicated that presence of a trichoderma isolate reduced development of phytophthora cinnamomi. it was also observed that p. cinnamomi was more competitive in coinoculated cultures than in cultures where trichoderma was added on day 3. analysis of trehalase (ec 3.2.1.28) activity indicated that trichoderma either utilized portions of the p. cinnamomi mycelium as substrate or the action of p ... | 1976 | 9193 |
| specificity of cytoplasmic and cell-wall antigens from four species of phytophthora. | cytoplasmic and cell-wall antigens and antisera were prepared from four phytophthora species, and cell-wall antigens were prepared from two pythium species. immunodiffusion of the pythium and phytophthora cell-wall antigens showed that the two pythium species did not cross-react with the phytophthora cell-wall antisera. immunodiffusion analysis of both cell-wall and cytoplasmic antigens of phytophthora revealed some degree of specificity between species but not between a1 and a2 mating types in ... | 1976 | 58961 |
| interactions of phytophthora cinnamomi and trichoderma spp. in relation to propagule production in soil cultures at 26 degrees c1. | effects of trichoderma harzianum and t. polysporum on chlamydospore production by two isolates of phytophthora cinamomi were determined over a 21-day period in nonsterile, sterilized, and sterilized amended soil. trichoderma was either coinoculated with p. cinnamomi or added to the cultures on day 3 of the incubation period. in nonsterile soil, conversion of mycelial fragments in the p. cinnamomi inoculum to chlamydospores resulted in an initial slight increase in chlamydospore numbers. in cultu ... | 1977 | 558040 |
| evidence from mycelial studies for differences in the sterol biosynthetic pathway of rhizoctonia solani and phytophthora cinnamomi. | phytophthora cinnamomi, a member of the pythiacease, does not synthesize sterols. small amounts of squalene, but no squalene epoxide or sterol, were isolated from the dried mycelium of this fungus after growth in sterol-free medium. the dried mycelium of rhizoctonia solani, a sterol-synthesizing fungus grown under the same conditions, contained small amounts of squalene and squalene epoxide and large amounts of ergosterol. when the two organisms were grown in the presence of [14c]acetate, only l ... | 1978 | 637849 |
| evidence from cell-free systems for differences in the sterol biosynthetic pathway of rhizoctonia solani and phytophthora cinnamomi. | cell-free preparations of both rhizoctonia solani, a sterol-synthesizing fungus, and phytophthora cinnamomi, a non-sterol-synthesizing fungus, incubated in the presence of [2(-14)c]mevalonate and iodacetamide, converted the mevalonate into labelled mevalonate 5-phosphate, mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. in the absence of iodoacetamide, but under anaerobic conditions, the same preparations converted the mevalonate into labelled geraniol, farnesol and squalene, the first ... | 1978 | 637850 |
| a light and electron microscope study of the interaction of soil bacteria with phytophthora cinnamomi rands. | light- and electron-microscopic examination showed that bacteria became associated with the hyphae and asexual reproductive structures of p. cinnamomi in soil. in suppressive soils this association appears to be correlated with hyphal lysis, inhibition of zoospore production, and sporangial breakdown. one notable feature of the microbial association between p. cinnamomi and soil bacteria is the formation of extensive slime material. many of the bacteria isolated from the fungal hyphosphere displ ... | 1977 | 922603 |
| synthesis of beta-1,3-glucan microfibrils by a cell-free extract from phytophthora cinnamomi. | | 1976 | 952521 |
| a simplified method for sporangial production by phytophthora cinnamomi. | | 1975 | 1214838 |
| freeze substitution reveals a new model for sporangial cleavage in phytophthora, a result with implications for cytokinesis in other eukaryotes. | rapid freezing and freeze substitution (rf-fs) have been used to re-examine the process by which the multinucleate sporangium of the oomycetes, phytophthora cinnamomi and p. palmivora, is subdivided into uninucleate zoospores. the results indicate a new model for sporangial cleavage in phytophthora and suggest that the currently accepted model is based on interpretation of artefacts caused by chemical fixation. the previous model describes cleavage as a two-stage process in which specialized cle ... | 1991 | 1814928 |
| production of the polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid by the fungus pythium ultimum. | several strains of species of the fungal genus pythium, and of phytophthora cinnamomi, were screened for content of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) arachidonic acid (aa) and eicosapentaenoic acid (epa). the aim of the investigation was to establish alternative sources of these pufas, which are of importance in human nutrition. as a relatively prolific producer of epa and aa, p. ultimum strain #144 was selected for a study of conditions that enhance their production over baseline levels t ... | 1991 | 1955868 |
| amino acid sequence of cinnamomin, a new member of the elicitin family, and its comparison to cryptogein and capsicein. | the phytopathogenic fungi phytophthora cinnamomi cause systemic leaf necrosis on its non-host tobacco; in culture, it secretes a protein, called cinnamomin, which elicits leaf necrosis and protects tobacco against the pathogen phytophthora nicotianoe, in a way similar to cryptogein and different from capsicein, elicitins of known amino acid sequences. the cinnamomin sequence has been determined and compared to other elicitins. the differences in the 3 elicitin sequences were correlated to the bi ... | 1989 | 2583277 |
| studies on the cell surface of zoospores and cysts of the fungus phytophthora cinnamomi: nature of the surface saccharides as determined by quantitative lectin binding studies. | the nature of the surface saccharides of zoospores, "partially encysted zoospores" and cysts of the root-rotting fungus phytophthora cinnamomi, has been examined by quantitative lectin binding studies. zoospores bound concanavalin a (con a), but did not bind any of a variety of other lectins tested. in contrast, both cysts and "partially encysted zoospores" bound soybean agglutinin (sba) as well as con a. this indicates that accessible alpha-d-glucosyl/alpha-d-mannosyl-containing glycoconjugates ... | 1985 | 3838761 |
| studies on the cell surface of zoospores and cysts of the fungus phytophthora cinnamomi: the influence of fixation on patterns of lectin binding. | the study of the surface properties of zoospores and cysts of the fungus phytophthora cinnamomi required a fixation regime that would preserve the cells adequately and not interfere with binding and detection of probes on the cell surface. when they were fixed in 4% formaldehyde (f), specific binding of concanavalin a-fluorescein isothiocyanate and rhodamine-labeled soybean agglutinin was obtained. however, electron microscopy showed that preservation was so poor that intracellular binding sites ... | 1985 | 3918095 |
| chemical structure of the insoluble hyphal wall glucan of phytophthora cinnamomi. | | 1969 | 4308722 |
| inhibition of germination of chlamydospores of phytophthora cinnamomi by some antimicrobial agents in phytophthora selective media. | | 1970 | 4329721 |
| negative chemotaxis of zoospores of phytophthora cinnamomi. | | 1974 | 4436647 |
| induction of sporangia in phytophthora cinnamomi by a substance from bacteria and soil. | | 1971 | 5158740 |
| structure and role of a soluble cytoplasmic glucan from phytophthora cinnamomi. | | 1970 | 5476890 |
| synthesis of uridinediphospho-(6-3h) glucose with a cell-free extract of phytophthora cinnamomi. | | 1968 | 5719178 |
| biosynthesis of beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-linked glucan by phytophthora cinnamomi hyphal walls. | | 1966 | 5970516 |
| enzymic digestion and glucan structure of hyphal walls of phytophthora cinnamomi. | | 1967 | 6048266 |
| activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase from three filamentous fungi in relation to osmotic and solute effects. | crude extracts of nadp+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.42) were prepared from three filamentous fungi with different tolerances to water stress. there was no difference in the activity of this enzyme extracted from phytophthora cinnamomi which had been grown on media of osmotic potential of 0 to -2mpa. glycerol, proline and glucose caused little or no inhibition of the activity of the enzyme from p. cinnamomi, penicillium chrysogenum and chrysosporium fastidium over the range 0 to - ... | 1983 | 6615128 |
| a streptomycete antagonist to phellinus weirii, fomes annosus, and phytophthora cinnamomi. | an actinomycete isolated from the rhizoplane of nitrogen-fixing nodules of ceanothus velutinus was identified as a variety of streptomyces griseoloalbus. streptomyces griseoloalbus is a strong antagonist to three destructive root pathogens, phellinus weirii, fomes annosus, and phytophthora cinnamomi, inhibiting all three on several culture media and preventing establishment of f. annosus on hemlock wood disks. the stability and longevity of the antimicrobial substance produced by it, its consist ... | 1980 | 7397603 |
| use of rapd-pcr to isolate a species specific dna probe for phytophthora cinnamomi. | the products of rapd-pcr amplification of phytophthora cinnamomi dna were separated by electrophoresis in agarose. parallel southern blots of the gels were hybridized with nick translated dna from different species of phytophthora. fragments that hybridized specifically to p. cinnamomi dna were identified. these fragments were purified and cloned into puc18. their specificity for p. cinnamomi was confirmed. | 1993 | 8243981 |
| microtubules regulate the generation of polarity in zoospores of phytophthora cinnamomi. | zoospores of phytophthora cinnamomi are formed by cleavage of a multinucleate sporangium and contain nine different components that are distributed or oriented about a well-defined axis running through a pair of basal bodies near the nucleus. in this study, the importance of the cytoskeleton in establishing and maintaining cellular polarity was examined by using the anti-microtubule drug oryzalin and the anti-microfilament drug cytochalasin d (cd). the effects of the drugs on uncleaved and cleav ... | 1993 | 8269981 |
| a transient rise in cytoplasmic free calcium is required to induce cytokinesis in zoosporangia of phytophthora cinnamomi. | we studied the role of cytoplasmic free ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) in cytokinesis of zoosporangia of the water mold phytophthora cinnamomi. in these cells cytokinesis is separated from nuclear division and can be triggered at precisely determined times by cold shock. changes in [ca2+]i were monitored by ratiometric fluorescence imaging of pressure microinjected fura-2 dextran. two increases in [ca2+]i always occurred in sporangia that underwent cytokinesis in response to cold shock. within the ... | 1996 | 8907619 |
| molecular structure of terrecyclodiol: a derivative of the antifungal metabolite terrecyclic acid a from aspergillus terreus. | a strain of aspergillus terreus, which was isolated from organic mulch and inhibited the growth of the plant pathogen phytophthora cinnamomi, produces an antifungal metabolite when grown in liquid culture. this metabolite was isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation and identified as terrecyclic acid a (1). x-ray diffraction studies and spectroscopic details of the derived terrecyclodiol (2) are described. | 1996 | 8984154 |
| purification and characterization of two isoforms of isopentenyl-diphosphate isomerase from elicitor-treated cinchona robusta cells. | in cinchona robusta (rubiaceae) cell suspension cultures, the activity of the enzyme isopentenyl-diphosphate isomerase (isopentenyl-pop isomerase) is transiently induced after addition of a homogenate of the phytopathogenic fungus phytophthora cinnamomi. the enzyme catalyses the interconversion of isopentenyl-pop and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dimethylallyl-pop) and may be involved in the biosynthesis of anthraquinone phytoalexins that accumulate rapidly after elicitation of cinchona cells. from ... | 1997 | 9363768 |
| vacuolar reticulum in oomycete hyphal tips: an additional component of the ca2+regulatory system? | cultures of achlya sp., phytophthora cinnamomi, saprolegnia diclina, s. ferax, and s. parasitica, treated with 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate solution, accumulate 6-carboxyfluorescein in a reticulate system of fine tubules. the network shows longitudinal polarity within the hyphae, tubules being finest toward the hyphal tips. in more mature subapical regions the network is connected with large vacuoles that also accumulate 6-carboxyfluorescein. a morphologically similar system has also been iden ... | 1997 | 9454648 |
| microsatellites in the mitochondrial genome of phytophthora cinnamomi failed to provide highly polymorphic markers for population genetics. | microsatellites were evaluated as genetic markers for the mitochondrial genome (mtdna) of phytophthora cinnamomi for population studies. two (a)n microsatellite loci were cloned from the mtdna of p. cinnamomi. amplification products from these loci showed little polymorphism among phytophthora isolates due to their location in coding regions of mtdna. a further three (a)n microsatellite loci obtained from the complete mtdna sequence of p. infestans were also not highly polymorphic, although loca ... | 1998 | 9673029 |
| dynamic rearrangement of the filamentous actin network occurs during zoosporogenesis and encystment in the oomycete phytophthora cinnamomi | the organization of filamentous actin (f-actin) in living cells of the oomycete phytophthora cinnamomi was determined during zoosporogenesis and zoospore encystment by microinjecting sporangia with fluorescently labeled phalloidin and observing resultant fluorescence by confocal microscopy. in multinucleate sporangia prior to the induction of cleavage, phalloidin labeling took the form of plaques which occurred mainly in the periphery of the sporangia. after induction of cleavage, phalloidin lab ... | 1998 | 9742190 |
| a family of repeated dna in the genome of the oomycete plant pathogen phytophthora cryptogea. | we have identified a family of repetitive sequences, called pciss (phytophthora cryptogea insertion sequences), in the genome of phytophthora cryptogea. they vary greatly in size (in a 100-1200 bp range) and appear to represent 3' terminal fragments of a larger element. two subfamilies were characterised on the basis of nucleotide sequences. pciss exhibit insertion polymorphism, as well as a very low sequence divergence. most copies are flanked by terminal direct repeats, suggesting that their s ... | 1999 | 10447602 |
| identification of an elicitin gene cluster in phytophthora cinnamomi. | elicitins are a group of highly conserved proteins secreted by species of phytophthora and a species of the related genus pythium, pythium vexans. some of these proteins act as inducers of the necrotic hypersensitive-like response and the associated systemic acquired resistance phenomenon, in some species. we cloned and characterised the cinnamomin-beta and -alpha genes and two related elicitin genes from phytophthora cinnamomi. these four open reading frames (orfs) are clustered in tandem pairs ... | 1998 | 10520754 |
| oocydin a, a chlorinated macrocyclic lactone with potent anti-oomycete activity from serratia marcescens. | a unique chlorinated macrocyclic lactone, termed oocydin a, was isolated from a strain of serratia marcescens growing as an epiphyte on rhyncholacis pedicillata, an aquatic plant native to the carrao river of the venezuelan-guyanan region of south america. the lactone has a molecular mass of 470 da, and contains one atom of chlorine, a carboxyl group and a tetrahydrofuran ring internal to a larger macrocyclic ring. mics of approximately 0.03 microg ml(-1) were noted for oocydin a against such ph ... | 1999 | 10627053 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a phytophthora cinnamomi gene which encodes for cinnamomin, a toxin with implications in root rot of cranberry. | we used a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based cloning strategy to isolate cinnamomin genes from phytophthora cinnamomi 8601, a pathogen responsible for cranberry root rot. complete dna sequence analysis of nine recombinant clones revealed two different classes of genes, each class consisting of genes with identical dna sequences. both classes of genes (cin-1 and cin-2) contained an open reading frame encoding a protein of 122 amino acid residues. the encoded proteins, named cinnamomin-1 and ci ... | 2000 | 10868339 |
| pcr primers that amplify fungal rrna genes from environmental samples. | two pcr primer pairs were designed to amplify rrna genes (rdna) from all four major phyla of fungi: ascomycota, basidiomycota, chytridomycota, and zygomycota. pcrs performed with these primers showed that both pairs amplify dna from organisms representing the major taxonomic groups of fungi but not from nonfungal sources. to test the ability of the primers to amplify fungal rdna from environment samples, clone libraries from two avocado grove soils were constructed and analyzed. these soils poss ... | 2000 | 11010882 |
| 16s rdna fingerprinting of rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with healthy and phytophthora infected avocado roots. | molecular techniques employing 16s rdna profiles generated by pcr-dgge were used to detect changes in bacterial community structures of the rhizosphere of avocado trees during infection by phytophthora cinnamomi and during repeated bioaugmentation with a disease suppressive fluorescent pseudomonad. when the 16s rdna profiles were analyzed by multivariate analysis procedures, distinct microbial communities were shown to occur on healthy and infected roots. bacterial communities from healthy roots ... | 2001 | 11295451 |
| broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in vitro of the synthetic peptide d4e1. | broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of a synthetic peptide, d4e1, is documented in this paper. d4e1 inhibited the growth of several fungal phytopathogens belonging to four classes-ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, deuteromycetes, and oomycetes, and two bacterial pathogens, pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum race 18. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of d4e1 required to completely inhibit the growth of all fungi studied ranged from 4.67 to 25 microm. ... | 2001 | 11409968 |
| isolation and characterization of four genes encoding pyruvate, phosphate dikinase in the oomycete plant pathogen phytophthora cinnamomi. | the oomycete genus phytophthora contains some of the world's most devastating plant pathogens. we report here the existence in p. cinnamomi of four genes encoding the pyrophosphate-utilizing glycolytic/gluconeogenic enzyme pyruvate, phosphate dikinase (ppdk). the coding regions of the four genes are >99% identical. at least three of the genes comprise a small gene cluster, which may have arisen through recent gene duplication and inversion events. levels of pdk mrna are low in vegetative hyphae, ... | 2001 | 11570519 |
| structure and expression of the genes encoding proteins resident in large peripheral vesicles of phytophthora cinnamomi zoospores. | zoospores of phytophthora spp. contain several characteristic types of peripheral vesicles. one of these, large peripheral vesicles, has been proposed to act as a nutrient store and in p. cinnamomi has been shown to contain three immunologically related high-molecular-weight proteins, designated lpvs. we have used antibodies directed against p. cinnamomi zoospores and cysts to isolate several cdna clones which are products of the lpv genes and encode one or more of the lpv proteins present in la ... | 2001 | 11732062 |
| non-mendelian inheritance revealed in a genetic analysis of sexual progeny of phytophthora cinnamomi with microsatellite markers. | we report the development of four microsatellite loci into genetic markers for the diploid oomycete plant pathogen phytophthora cinnamomi and that (ac)(n) and (ag)(n) microsatellites are significantly less frequent than in plant and mammal genomes. a minisatellite motif 14 bp long was also discovered. the four microsatellite loci were used to analyze sexual progeny from four separate crosses of p. cinnamomi. a large proportion of non-mendelian inheritance was observed across all loci in all four ... | 2002 | 11929210 |
| ocatin. a novel tuber storage protein from the andean tuber crop oca with antibacterial and antifungal activities. | the most abundant soluble tuber protein from the andean crop oca (oxalis tuberosa mol.), named ocatin, has been purified and characterized. ocatin accounts for 40% to 60% of the total soluble oca tuber proteins, has an apparent molecular mass of 18 kd and an isoelectric point of 4.8. this protein appears to be found only in tubers and is accumulated only within the cells of the pith and peridermis layers (peel) of the tuber as it develops. ocatin inhibits the growth of several phytopathogenic ba ... | 2002 | 11950978 |
| cloning, expression, and biological activity of recombinant alpha-cinnamomin: toxicity to cranberry and other plant species. | elicitins produced by the pathogenic fungi phytophthora are known to exhibit the elicitin cinnamomin is of nonspecific toxicity to different solanaceous plant species. particular interest for its potential role in the hypersensitive-like cell death and in the biological response of cranberry plants to the fungal pathogen phytophthora cinnamomi. in order to understand the biochemical steps of the phytophthora root rot disease in cranberry, we investigated the alpha-cinnamomin-induced plant respon ... | 2002 | 12009117 |
| structure of beta-cinnamomin, a protein toxic to some plant species. | phytophthora and pythium species are among the most aggressive plant pathogens, as they invade many economically important crops and forest trees. they secrete large amounts of 10 kda proteins called elicitins that can act as elicitors of plant defence mechanisms. these proteins may also induce a hypersensitive response (hr) including plant cell necrosis, with different levels of toxicity depending on their pi. recent studies showed that elicitins function as sterol carrier proteins. the crystal ... | 2002 | 12136143 |
| characterization and evolutionary analysis of a large polygalacturonase gene family in the oomycete plant pathogen phytophthora cinnamomi. | polygalacturonases (pgs) are secreted by fungal pathogens during saprophytic and parasitic growth, and their degradation of pectin in the plant cell wall is believed to play a major role in tissue invasion and maceration. in this study, pg activity was demonstrated in culture filtrates of the oomycete plant pathogen, phytophthora cinnamomi. a p. cinnamomi pg gene fragment amplified using degenerate primers based on conserved regions in fungal and plant pgs was used to isolate 17 complete p. cinn ... | 2002 | 12236597 |
| pathogenesis of streptoverticillium albireticuli on caenorhabditis elegans and its antagonism to soil-borne fungal pathogens. | to examine the biological activity of streptoverticillium albireticuli. | 2002 | 12390481 |
| single-strand-conformation polymorphism of ribosomal dna for rapid species differentiation in genus phytophthora. | single-strand-conformation polymorphism (sscp) of ribosomal dna of 29 species (282 isolates) of phytophthora was characterized in this study. phytophthora boehmeriae, phytophthora botryosa, phytophthora cactorum, phytophthora cambivora, phytophthora capsici, phytophthora cinnamomi, phytophthora colocasiae, phytophthora fragariae, phytophthora heveae, phytophthora hibernalis, phytophthora ilicis, phytophthora infestans, phytophthora katsurae, phytophthora lateralis, phytophthora meadii, phytophth ... | 2003 | 12892637 |
| passage and survival of chlamydospores of phytophthora cinnamomi rands, the causal agent of forest dieback disease, through the gastrointestinal tracts of termites and wild birds. | chlamydospores of phytophthora cinnamomi rands have been shown to survive in the intestinal tracts of termites (nasutitermes exitiosus) and two species of forest birds indigenous to west australian jarrah forests. viable chlamydospores were recovered from bird feces within the normal rate of passage time for food through the gut. the above factors would allow these creatures to function as vectors for the spores. | 1979 | 16345364 |
| invasive hyphal growth: an f-actin depleted zone is associated with invasive hyphae of the oomycetes achlya bisexualis and phytophthora cinnamomi. | we have compared f-actin patterns in invasive and non-invasive oomycete hyphae. in achlya bisexualis an f-actin depleted zone is present in 70% of invasive but only 9% of non-invasive hyphae. in phytophthora cinnamomi these figures are 74 and 20%, respectively. thus, the f-actin depleted zone appears to be associated with invasive growth. tem images indicate that it is unlikely to represent areas of vesicle accumulation. measurements of turgor indicate no significant increase under invasive cond ... | 2006 | 16517186 |
| changes in cytokinin concentrations in xylem extrudate following infection of eucalyptus marginata donn ex sm with phytophthora cinnamomi rands. | the concentrations of zeatin-type and isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins were reduced in the xylem extrudate collected from seedlings of eucalyptus species following infection by phytophthora cinnamomi rands. the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) allowed the detection of these cytokinins over the range of 0.3 to 7 picomoles for the isopentenyladenine-type and 1 to 1000 picomoles for the zeatin-type. isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins occurred in concentrations less than 10% of ... | 1986 | 16664951 |
| in planta selfing and oospore production of phytophthora cinnamomi in the presence of acacia pulchella. | this paper provides the first evidence of a2 type 1 and type 2 isolates of phytophthora cinnamomi producing selfed oospores in planta in an australian soil and in a potting mix. oospores were observed in infected lupin (lupinus angustifolius) roots incubated for 7d either in the substrate under potted acacia pulchella plants, or in soils collected from under and near varieties of a. pulchella in jarrah (eucalyptus marginata) forest. the a2 type isolates varied in their ability to produce selfed ... | 2007 | 17350243 |
| bacterial stimulation of sporangium production in phytophthora cinnamomi. | bacteria, notably chromobacterium violaceum, stimulate initiation of production of sporangia by phytophthora cinnamomi, a plant pathogen which does not produce this asexual stage in ordinary agar or liquid culture. | 1965 | 17742598 |
| chemotaxis of zoospores for root exudates. | a chemotactic response of the zoospores of a soil-inhabiting plant pathogenic fungus, phytophthora cinnamomi, for roots of avocado seedlings was observed. the chemotaxis of the zoospores and chemotropy of their germ tubes were directly related to infection and disease production. indications were obtained of specificity of the pathogen-attracting root exudate, and interesting implications are evident with regard to mechanisms of invasion and pathogenicity, and to disease resistance. | 1961 | 17781128 |
| phytophthora cinnamomi and other fine root pathogens in north temperate pine forests. | a number of fine root pathogens, including phytophthora cinnamomi, pythium ultimum var. ultimum, pythium undulatum, pythium violae, fusarium sp., and two incompletely identified verticillium species, were isolated from soils taken from under scots pine trees at five sites in north scotland, including semi-natural forests and plantations. at least two root pathogens were recovered from each forest. morphological and molecular data supported the identification of phytophthora cinnamomi from three ... | 2007 | 17937665 |
| cinchona root disease caused by phytophthora cinnamomi. | | 1947 | 18897201 |
| three clonal lineages of phytophthora cinnamomi in australia revealed by microsatellites. | abstract the genetic structure of populations of phytophthora cinnamomi, a pathogen of an enormous variety of woody plants, was investigated using microsatellites. three intensively sampled disease sites in southwest australia were analyzed along with a large culture collection of austra-lian isolates and some isolates from elsewhere in the world. the mutation in the four microsatellite loci analyzed revealed spatial patterns at the disease sites that correlated with the age of the infestation. ... | 2003 | 18943056 |
| prediction and mapping of the impact of winter temperature on the development of phytophthora cinnamomi-induced cankers on red and pedunculate oak in france. | abstract phytophthora cinnamomi is the causal agent of a perennial canker that develops on the lower bole on northern red oak and pedunculate oak. the disease has a limited range in europe, being reported only in southwest france. this limited distribution is probably linked to the susceptibility of p. cinnamomi to frost. a model was developed in previous work to estimate the impact of temperatures of <0 degrees c on the winter survival of p. cinnamomi in trunk cortical tissues and on the subseq ... | 2004 | 18943102 |
| survival of plant pathogens in static piles of ground green waste. | ground green waste is used as mulch in ornamental landscapes and for tree crops such as avocados. survival of armillaria mellea, phytophthora cinnamomi, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and tylenchulus semipenetrans was assessed for 8 weeks within unturned piles of either recently ground or partially composted green waste. s. sclerotiorum survived at the pile surface and at 10, 30, and 100 cm within the pile for the entire 8 weeks in both fresh green waste (fgw) and aged green waste (agw). a. mellea an ... | 2008 | 18943222 |
| identification of a new phytophthora species causing root and runner rot of cranberry in new jersey. | abstract in new jersey, phytophthora cinnamomi is the pathogen most commonly isolated from diseased roots and runners of the cultivated cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon). a second distinct species of phytophthora has been isolated from dying cranberry plants and surface irrigation water. this species is homothallic with paragynous antheridia and ellipsoid-limoniform, nonpapillate sporangia. it was tentatively identified as p. megasperma in an earlier report. laboratory experiments demonstrate th ... | 2005 | 18943477 |
| effects of cellulytic enzymes on phytophthora cinnamomi. | abstract two enzyme systems, cellulase (beta-1,4-glucanase) and laminarinase (beta-1,3-glucanase), were added to soil extracts to simulate (in vitro) lytic components found in mulches suppressive to phytophthora cinnamomi. concentration ranges of each enzyme were incubated with phytophthora cinnamomi mycelium, zoospores, zoospores cysts, and zoospore-infected excised roots to evaluate the roles of each enzyme in potential control of avocado root rot disease. cellulase significantly retarded the ... | 2001 | 18944229 |
| association of cellulytic enzyme activities in eucalyptus mulches with biological control of phytophthora cinnamomi. | abstract a series of samples were taken from mulched and unmulched trees starting at the surface of mulch or soil to a 15 cm soil depth, forming a vertical transect. saprophytic fungi isolated from the soil samples on rose bengal medium and surveyed visually were most abundant in mulches and at the interface of mulch and soil (p < 0.05). microbial activity as assayed by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate was significantly greater in mulch layers than in soils. cellulase and laminarinase enz ... | 2001 | 18944230 |
| suppression of phytophthora cinnamomi in potting mixes amended with uncomposted and composted animal manures. | abstract we examined the effects of fresh and composted animal manures on the development of root rot, dieback, and plant death caused by phytophthora cinnamomi. fresh chicken manure, or chicken manure composted for 5 weeks before incorporation into the potting mix (25%, vol/vol), significantly reduced pathogen survival and the development of symptoms on lupinus albus seedlings. chicken manure composted for 2 weeks was less suppressive. cow, sheep, and horse manure, whether fresh or composted, d ... | 2000 | 18944498 |
| identification of some oomycetes by reverse dot blot hybridization. | abstract an assay was developed that can identify unknown isolates of pythium or phytophthora species in a single hybridization. this reverse dot blot system is based on arrays of species-specific amplified fragments or oligonucleotides derived from the internal transcribed spacer (its) region, which are blotted as dots on a nylon membrane. by using total dna from a sample as the template, universal primers, and digoxigenin-dutp, the its was amplified and labeled simultaneously by the polymerase ... | 1998 | 18944967 |
| population structure of phytophthora cinnamomi in south africa. | abstract phytophthora cinnamomi isolates collected from 1977 to 1986 and 1991 to 1993 in two regions in south africa were analyzed using isozymes. a total of 135 isolates was analyzed for 14 enzymes representing 20 putative loci, of which four were polymorphic. this led to the identification of nine different multilocus isozyme genotypes. both mating types of p. cinnamomi occurred commonly in the cape region, whereas, predominantly, the a2 mating type occurred in the mpumalanga region of south a ... | 1997 | 18945050 |
| factors affecting the production of trichoderma harzianum secondary metabolites during the interaction with different plant pathogens. | strains of trichoderma spp. produce numerous bioactive secondary metabolites. the in vitro production and antibiotic activities of the major compounds synthesized by trichoderma harzianum strains t22 and t39 against leptosphaeria maculans, phytophthora cinnamomi and botrytis cinerea were evaluated. moreover, the eliciting effect of viable or nonviable biomasses of rhizoctonia solani, pythium ultimum or b. cinerea on the in vitro production of these metabolites was also investigated. | 2009 | 19413806 |
| volatile antimicrobials from muscodor crispans, a novel endophytic fungus. | muscodor crispans is a recently described novel endophytic fungus of ananas ananassoides (wild pineapple) growing in the bolivian amazon basin. the fungus produces a mixture of volatile organic compounds (vocs); some of the major components of this mixture, as determined by gc/ms, are propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester; propanoic acid, 2-methyl-; 1-butanol, 3-methyl-;1-butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate; propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester; and ethanol. the fungus does not, however, pro ... | 2010 | 19797357 |
| phytophthora nicotianae transformants lacking dynein light chain 1 produce non-flagellate zoospores. | biflagellate zoospores of the highly destructive plant pathogens in the genus phytophthora are responsible for the initiation of infection of host plants. zoospore motility is a critical component of the infection process because it allows zoospores to actively target suitable infection sites on potential hosts. flagellar assembly and function in eukaryotes depends on a number of dynein-based molecular motors that facilitate retrograde intraflagellar transport and sliding of adjacent microtubule ... | 2010 | 20451645 |
| phytophthora cinnamomi. | summary phytophthora cinnamomi rands was first isolated from cinnamon trees in sumatra in 1922. the pathogen is believed to have originated near papua new guinea but now has a worldwide distribution. p. cinnamomi is heterothallic with a1 and a2 mating types; however, even in areas in which both mating types are present, it appears that genetic diversity arises asexually rather than as a result of sexual recombination. p. cinnamomi can grow saprophytically in the soil for long periods, rapidly ca ... | 2005 | 20565682 |
| cellulase activity as a mechanism for suppression of phytophthora root rot in mulches. | wood-based mulches are used in avocado production and are being tested on fraser fir for reduction of phytophthora root rot, caused by phytophthora cinnamomi. research with avocado has suggested a role of microbial cellulase enzymes in pathogen suppression through effects on the cellulosic cell walls of phytophthora. this work was conducted to determine whether cellulase activity could account for disease suppression in mulch systems. a standard curve was developed to correlate cellulase activit ... | 2011 | 20879844 |
| defining the phosphite-regulated transcriptome of the plant pathogen phytophthora cinnamomi. | phosphite, an analog of phosphate is used to control oomycete diseases on a wide range of horticultural crops and in native ecosystems. in this study, we investigated morphological and transcriptional changes induced in phytophthora cinnamomi by phosphite. cytological observations revealed that phosphite caused hyphal distortions and lysis of cell walls and had an adverse effect on hyphal growth. at the molecular level, the expression levels of 43 transcripts were changed. many of these encoded ... | 2010 | 20882389 |
| hypoxylon sp., an endophyte of persea indica, producing 1,8-cineole and other bioactive volatiles with fuel potential. | an endophytic fungus of persea indica was identified, on the basis of its anamorphic stage, as nodulosporium sp. by sem. partial sequence analysis of its rdna revealed the identity of the teleomorphic stage of the fungus as hypoxylon sp. it produces an impressive spectrum of volatile organic compounds (vocs), most notably 1,8-cineole, 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene, and tentatively identified (+)-.alpha.-methylene-.alpha.-fenchocamphorone, among many others, most of which are unidentified. six-day- ... | 2010 | 20953951 |
| indicator organisms for assessing sanitization during composting of plant wastes. | the potential for using plant pathogens and seeds as indicator organisms for assessing sanitization of plant wastes during composting was tested in bench-scale flask and large-scale systems. plasmodiophora brassicae was unsuitable due to high temperature tolerance in dry to moist composts, and detection of viable inoculum post-composting using bioassay plants not corresponding with that using taqman® pcr, possibly due to preservation of nucleic acids at elevated temperatures. several other plant ... | 2011 | 21546235 |
| fire management to combat disease: turning interactions between threats into conservation management. | as the number and intensity of threats to biodiversity increase, there is a critical need to investigate interactions between threats and manage populations accordingly. we ask whether it is possible to reduce the effects of one threat by mitigating another. we used long-term data for the long-lived resprouter, xanthorrhoea resinosa pers., to parameterise an individual-based population model. this plant is currently threatened by adverse fire regimes and the pathogen phytophthora cinnamomi. we t ... | 2011 | 21643995 |
| anti-phytopathogenic activities of macro-algae extracts. | aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from nine chilean marine macro-algae collected at different seasons were examined in vitro and in vivo for properties that reduce the growth of plant pathogens or decrease the injury severity of plant foliar tissues following pathogen infection. particular crude aqueous or organic extracts showed effects on the growth of pathogenic bacteria whereas others displayed important effects against pathogenic fungi or viruses, either by inhibiting fungal mycelia g ... | 2011 | 21673886 |
| touchdown nested multiplex pcr detection of phytophthora cinnamomi and p. cambivora from french and english chestnut grove soils. | soil borne phytophthora cinnamomi and phytophthora cambivora are considered the most pathogenic species associated with chestnut (castanea sativa) decline in europe. mapping their incidence and distribution from nursery and plantation soils may offer valuable information for limiting spread. as conventional biological baiting and taxonomic confirmation is generally time consuming, labour, logistically and space intensive, we have focused on the development of a specific touchdown nested multiple ... | 2011 | 21724173 |
| effect of amphotericin b nanodisks on plant fungal diseases. | background: the development of water-soluble nanodevices extends the potential use of compounds developed for other purposes (e.g. antifungal drugs or antibiotics) for applications in agriculture. for example, the broad-spectrum, water-insoluble, macrolide polyene antibiotic amphotericin b (amb) could be used to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi. a new formulation embedding amb in nanodisks (nds) enhances antibiotic solubility and confers protection against environmental damage. in the present study ... | 2011 | 21710554 |
| EST sequencing and gene expression profiling of defence-related genes from Persea americana infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22108245 |
| Mitochondrial haplotype analysis for differentiation of isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi. | Although Phytophthora cinnamomi is heterothallic, there are few instances of successful crossing in laboratory experiments and analysis of field populations indicates a clonally reproducing population. In the absence of sexual recombination the ability to monitor mitochondrial haplotypes may provide an additional tool for identification of clonal isolates and analysis of population structure. To determine mitochondrial haplotypes for this species seven mitochondrial loci spanning a total of 6, ... | 2011 | 22066674 |
| Identification of avocado (Persea americana) root proteins induced by infection with the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi using a proteomic approach. | Avocado root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, is the most important disease that limits avocado production. A proteomic approach was employed to identify proteins that are upregulated by infection with P. cinnamomi. Different proteins were shown to be differentially expressed after challenge with the pathogen by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. A densitometric evaluation of protein expression indicated differential regulation during the time-course analyzed. Some proteins induced ... | 2012 | 21916897 |