| bacterial secondary production on vascular plant detritus: relationships to detritus composition and degradation rate. | bacterial production at the expense of vascular plant detritus was measured for three emergent plant species (juncus effusus, panicum hemitomon, and typha latifolia) degrading in the littoral zone of a thermally impacted lake. bacterial secondary production, measured as tritiated thymidine incorporation into dna, ranged from 0.01 to 0.81 microgram of bacterial c mg of detritus-1 day-1. the three plant species differed with respect to the amount of bacterial productivity they supported per millig ... | 1989 | 2802603 |
| lipid phase transitions measured in intact cells with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. | lipid phase transitions in membranes are thought to be a major damaging event during cooling of cells prior to cryopreservation or during warming after freeze-thaw has been completed. although there is abundant evidence that such transitions occur in isolated phospholipids, the evidence that they are found in membranes in intact cells is less clear, due largely to technical difficulties in detecting such transitions in the complex mixtures of lipids and proteins found in natural membranes. we sh ... | 1989 | 2924595 |
| a crystalline lipid phase in a dry biological system: evidence from x-ray diffraction analysis of typha latifolia pollen. | the temperature limits for germination in typha latifolia pollen lie within the range 4-40 degrees c. these limits correlate at the low-temperature end with the 'crystallization' of endogenous triacylglycerols and on the high-temperature end with the 'melting' of a gel-like lipid component in intact pollen. x-ray diffraction analysis was used to structurally characterize and to trace the latter gel-like lipid from the intact pollen through a range of pollen lipid fractions. we tentatively identi ... | 1987 | 3620484 |
| comparative studies on lipid composition of zea mays l. and typha latifolia l. pollens. | | 1973 | 4356212 |
| photosynthetic system ii: racial differentiation in typha latifolia. | the rate of reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol by illuminated chloroplasts isolated from ecological races of typha latifolia was negatively correlated with length of growing season at the site of origin. efficiency of the photochemical apparatus for this reaction was twice as high in a high-altitude population from wyoming as in a maritime population from california. | 1967 | 5610114 |
| associations of methanotrophs with the roots and rhizomes of aquatic vegetation. | results of an in vitro assay revealed that root-associated methane consumption was a common attribute of diverse emergent wetland macrophytes from a variety of habitats. maximum potential uptake rates (vmaxp) varied between about 1 and 10 micromol g (dry weight)-1 h-1, with no obvious correlation between rate and gross morphological characteristics of the plants. the vmaxp corresponded to about 2 x 10(8) to 2 x 10(9) methanotrophs g (dry weight)-1, assuming that the root-associated methanotrophs ... | 1994 | 7524441 |
| growth responses of typha latifolia and scirpus acutus to atrazine contamination. | | 1996 | 8661914 |
| induction of histamine release from non-immunized guinea pigs: a possible involvement of lectin-like factor(s) in pollinosis. | to investigate nonimmune pathogenic functions of pollens, vascular permeability enhancement (vpe) activity of pollen extracts was examined using guinea pigs nonimmunized against pollens. ryegrass, ragweed, mesquite and almond, but not common cattail and sumac, induced vpe which was inhibited primarily by an anti-histamine drug. ryegrass pollen vpe activity was extracted more at ph 7.3 than at ph 6.5 or 8.0 and the maximal activity was extracted in 30 min. interestingly, more than 60% of the maxi ... | 1996 | 8859225 |
| a fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy study of sugar glasses: application to anhydrobiotic higher plant cells. | fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (ftir) was used to study glasses of pure carbohydrates and in the cytoplasm of desiccation tolerant plant organs. the position of the oh stretching vibration band (voh) shifted with temperature. two linear regression lines were observed in voh against temperature plots. the temperature at the point of intersection between these two lines coincided with the glass transition temperature (tg), as determined by other methods. the temperature at the inters ... | 1998 | 9468336 |
| extractability and nutritional value of leaf protein from tropical aquatic plants. | in a study conducted on the extraction of protein from the leaves of 30 freshwater aquatic plants, the highest standing crop fresh yield was found in typha latifolia (2650 g/m2). the bio-medical data processing (bmdp) k-means clustering program with k = 2 showed that 11 of the 30 plants had a high protein nitrogen extractability as well as a high nitrogen content of the extracted protein. among these, leaf protein from allmania nodiflora had the highest content of crude protein (62.7%) and beta- ... | 1997 | 9477429 |
| influence of water content and temperature on molecular mobility and intracellular glasses in seeds and pollen | although the occurrence of intracellular glasses in seeds and pollen has been established, physical properties such as rotational correlation times and viscosity have not been studied extensively. using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we examined changes in the molecular mobility of the hydrophilic nitroxide spin probe 3-carboxy-proxyl during melting of intracellular glasses in axes of pea (pisum sativum l.) seeds and cattail (typha latifolia l. ) pollen. the rotational correlation ... | 1998 | 9765538 |
| drying increases intracellular partitioning of amphiphilic substances into the lipid phase. impact on membrane permeability and significance for desiccation tolerance | previously we proposed that endogenous amphiphilic substances may partition from the aqueous cytoplasm into the lipid phase during dehydration of desiccation-tolerant organ(ism)s and vice versa during rehydration. their perturbing presence in membranes could thus explain the transient leakage from imbibing organisms. to study the mechanism of this phenomenon, amphiphilic nitroxide spin probes were introduced into the pollen of a model organism, typha latifolia, and their partitioning behavior du ... | 1998 | 9808742 |
| the responses of cytochrome redox state and energy metabolism to dehydration support a role for cytoplasmic viscosity in desiccation tolerance | to characterize the depression of metabolism in anhydrobiotes, the redox state of cytochromes and energy metabolism were studied during dehydration of soaked cowpea (vigna unguiculata) cotyledons and pollens of typha latifolia and impatiens glandulifera. between water contents (wc) of 1.0 and 0.6 g h2o/g dry weight (g/g), viscosity as measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy increased from 0.15 to 0.27 poise. this initial water loss was accompanied by a 50% decrease in respiration rates, ... | 1998 | 9847099 |
| heavy metals in three lakes in west poland. | concentrations of heavy metals (ni, cr, co, zn, mn, pb, cd, cu, hg, fe) as well as macronutrients (p, ca, mg) were measured in water, bottom sediments, and plants of three lakes in west poland (southwest of poznan). the plants collected were nymphaea alba, nuphar luteum, ceratophyllum demersum, phragmites communis, typha latifolia, and schoenoplectus lacustris. these plants contained elevated levels of co, zn, pb, cd, cr, and hg. analyses of water and bottom sediments indicated that the lakes we ... | 1999 | 10330316 |
| genetic diversity of typha latifolia (typhaceae) and the impact of pollutants examined with tandem-repetitive dna probes. | genetic diversity at variable-number-tandem-repeat (vntr) loci was examined in the common cattail, typha latifolia (typhaceae), using three synthetic dna probes composed of tandemly repeated "core" sequences (gaca, gata, and gcac). the principal objectives of this investigation were to determine whether: (1) the previously reported almost complete lack of polymorphism at allozyme loci in this species was indicative of a reduced amount of genetic diversity at vntr loci as well; (2) vntr markers w ... | 1999 | 10487810 |
| an examination of hybridization between the cattail species typha latifolia and typha angustifolia using random amplified polymorphic dna and chloroplast dna markers | typha glauca represents a significant portion of the biomass of the wetlands surrounding the great lakes, usa. it is generally accepted to be a form of hybrid between t. latifolia and t. angustifolia, which itself appears to be an exotic introduction from europe. based on morphological and isozyme data, conflicting theories have been proposed for the hybrid nature of t. glauca: it has been described as a hybrid swarm, a distinct hybrid species and an f1 hybrid. therefore, we developed random amp ... | 1999 | 10632850 |
| using constructed wetlands to treat biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia associated with a refinery effluent. | this study evaluated the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for tertiary treatment of a petroleum refinery effluent. specific performance objectives were to decrease 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (bod(5)) and ammonia by at least 50% and to reduce toxicity associated with this effluent. two bench-scale wetlands (replicates) were constructed in a greenhouse to provide tertiary treatment of effluent samples shipped from the refinery to the study site. integrated wetland features included typha ... | 2000 | 10648135 |
| pulsed epr spin-probe study of intracellular glasses in seed and pollen. | epr spectra of 3-carboxy-proxyl (cp) in dry biological tissues exhibited a temperature-dependent change in the principal value a'(zz) of the hyperfine interaction tensor. the a'(zz) value changed sharply at a particular temperature that was dependent on water content. at elevated water contents, the break occurred at lower temperatures and appeared to be associated with the melting of the cytoplasmic glassy state. to investigate the reason for the change in a'(zz), we employed echo-detected epr ... | 2000 | 10648155 |
| metalaxyl and simazine toxicity to and uptake by typha latifolia. | this research focused on the potential use of common cattails (typha latifolia) for removing metalaxyl and simazine residues from contaminated water. specifically, it established toxicity thresholds to the herbicide simazine and characterized the uptake and distribution of simazine and metalaxyl by the plants. simazine tolerance levels were determined by exposing plants to a series of six concentrations (0-3.0 mg l(-1)) in aqueous nutrient media for 7 days. metalaxyl toxicity was not evaluated b ... | 2000 | 10948277 |
| effects of copper sulfate on typha latifolia seed germination and early seedling growth in aqueous and sediment exposures. | the vascular macrophyte typha latifolia linnaeus (common cattail) may be a sentinel for evaluating potential phytotoxicity to rooted aquatic macrophytes in aquatic systems. to further evaluate the potential utility of this species, t. latifolia seed germination, shoot growth, and root elongation were measured in 7-day aqueous exposures using mean measured aqueous copper concentrations of 10.0, 23, 41, 62, 174, and 402 microg cu/l, which were > or = 62% of nominal concentrations. seed germination ... | 2001 | 11243321 |
| isolation and characterization of a d-7 lea protein from pollen that stabilizes glasses in vitro. | a heat-soluble protein present in substantial quantities in typha latifolia pollen was purified to homogeneity. the protein was subjected to cyanogen bromide cleavage, and the peptides produced were separated by hplc chromatography and sequenced. the two sequences determined were found to be related to the putative d76 lea protein from brassica napus seeds and one of them to the d-7 lea protein from upland cotton. this suggests the pollen protein to be a member of the lea group iii family of pro ... | 2001 | 11341929 |
| an assessment of the impact of motorway runoff on a pond, wetland and stream. | the impact of soil filtered runoff from a section of the m25 outer london motorway (constructed in 1981) on a pond, wetland and stream in a nature reserve was investigated by monitoring water, sediment. the tissues of the emergent plants typha latifolia and glyceria maxima collected from the pond were analysed for the heavy metals, cd, pb, cu and zn. macroinvertebrates were monitored in the stream and biotic indices applied to the data. the plant tissue concentrations for typha and glyceria show ... | 2001 | 11392763 |
| accumulation, distribution, and toxicity of copper in sediments of catfish ponds receiving periodic copper sulfate applications. | copper sulfate (cuso4) is applied periodically to commercial channel catfish (ictalurus panctatus) ponds as an algicide or parasiticide. current understanding of the chemistry of copper in soil-water systems suggests that copper may accumulate in pond sediments, although the forms and potential bioavailability of copper in catfish pond sediments are not known. this study investigated the accumulation and distribution of copper in the sediment of catfish ponds receiving periodic additions of cuso ... | 2001 | 11401280 |
| effects of oil sands effluent on cattail and clover: photosynthesis and the level of stress proteins. | the oil sands industry located in northeastern alberta, canada, generates large volumes of effluent characterized by a high level of dissolved ions and naphthenic acids. the dikes used to store the effluent seep, creating wetlands which are subsequently invaded by obligate wetland flora such as cattail (typha latifolia l.). the appearance of these wetlands prompted the oil sands industry to consider wetlands as part of their reclamation strategy. however, to ensure long-term viability of such we ... | 2001 | 11428139 |
| toxicity of copper in an oxic stream sediment receiving aquaculture effluent. | sediments were collected from a stream (upstream, outfall and downstream) receiving copper laden catfish pond effluent to assess toxicity to non-target biota. no significant reduction in hyalella azteca survival or growth (10 d), or typha latifolia germination and root and shoot growth (7 d) were observed after exposure to upstream and outfall sediments. a significant reduction in h. azteca survival was observed after exposure to the downstream sediment sample; however, no reduction in t. latifo ... | 2001 | 11459140 |
| controlled drainage and wetlands to reduce agricultural pollution: a lysimetric study. | controlled drainage and wetlands could be very effective practices to control nitrogen pollution in the low-lying agricultural plains of northeast italy, but they are not as popular as in other countries. an experiment on lysimeters was therefore carried out in 1996-1998, with the double aim of obtaining local information to encourage the implementation of these practices and to gain more knowledge on the effects involved. controlled drainage + subirrigation and wetlands were all considered as n ... | 2001 | 11476512 |
| removal and distribution of iron, manganese, cobalt, and nickel within a pennsylvania constructed wetland treating coal combustion by-product leachate. | a flow-through wetland treatment system was constructed to treat coal combustion by-product leachate from an electrical power station at springdale, pennsylvania. in a nine-compartment treatment system, four cattail (typha latifolia l.) wetland cells (designated cells 1 through 4) successfully removed iron (fe) and manganese (mn) from the inlet water; fe and mn concentrations were decreased by an average of 91% in the first year (may 1996-may 1997), and by 94 and 98% in the second year (july 199 ... | 2001 | 11476526 |
| structural correlates of imbibitional injury in typha pollen. | the ultrastructure of typha latifolia pollen was examined as a function of pollen moisture content and incubation temperature, in order to identify possible lesions induced by imbibitional chilling. a syndrome of structural traits was found which characterizes damaged grains. compared to viable grains, the protoplast of damaged pollen has a higher proportion of its volume occupied by vesicles, and less volume occupied by cytoplasm. damaged grains also tend to have dilated cisternae of endopla ... | 1988 | 11537890 |
| trace element removal from coal ash leachate by a 10-year-old constructed wetland. | this study investigated the ability of a 10-yr-old constructed wetland to treat metal-contaminated leachate emanating from a coal ash pile at the widows creek electric utility, alabama (usa). the two vegetated cells, which were dominated by cattail (typha latifolia l.) and soft rush (juncus effusus l.), were very effective at removing fe and cd from the wastewater, but less efficient for zn, s, b, and mn. the concentrations were decreased by up to 99% for fe, 91% for cd, 63% for zn, 61% for s, 5 ... | 2001 | 11577880 |
| atrazine degradation by bioaugmented sediment from constructed wetlands. | the potential to establish pesticide biodegradation in constructed wetland sediment was investigated. under microcosm conditions, bioaugmentation of sediment with small quantities of an atrazine spill-site soil (1:100 w/w) resulted in the mineralization of 25-30% of 14c ethyl atrazine (1-10 microg g(-1) sediment) as 14co2 under both unsaturated and water-saturated conditions; atrazine and its common metabolites were almost undetectable after 30 days incubation. by comparison, unbioaugmented sedi ... | 2001 | 11759697 |
| treatment of a molasses based distillery effluent in a constructed wetland in central india. | a field-scale 4-celled, horizontal subsurface constructed wetland (cw) was installed to evaluate removal efficiencies of wastewater constituents in an industrial distillery effluent. total and dissolved solids, nh4-n, tkn, p and cod were measured. this cw design provides four serial cells with synthetic liners and a river gravel base. the first two unplanted cells provide preliminary treatment. specific gravel depths and ensuing biofilm growth provides anaerobic treatment in cell 1 and anaerobic ... | 2001 | 11804132 |
| a constructed surface flow wetland for treating agricultural waste waters. | a study was conducted between december 1997 and december 1998 in ne italy on a 3,200 m2 surface flow vegetated wetland receiving agricultural drainage water from a cultivated field of about 6 ha and occasional applications of organic wastes. the study aimed at evaluating: 1) biomass and seasonal nitrogen dynamics in above- and below-ground biomass of phragmites australis cav. (trin.) and typha latifolia (l.) grown in separate zones; 2) the effectiveness of the wetland in removing nutrients and s ... | 2001 | 11804144 |
| treatment of swine wastewater in marsh-pond-marsh constructed wetlands. | swine waste is commonly treated in the usa by flushing into an anaerobic lagoon and subsequently applying to land. this natural system type of application has been part of agricultural practice for many years. however, it is currently under scrutiny by regulators. an alternate natural system technology to treat swine wastewater may be constructed wetland. for this study we used four wetland cells (11 m width x 40 m length) with a marsh-pond-marsh design. the marsh sections were planted to cattai ... | 2001 | 11804147 |
| an experimental constructed wetland system for the treatment of highway runoff in the uk. | this paper compares the performance of an experimental highway runoff treatment system, incorporating a subsurface flow constructed wetland, with that of a vegetated balancing pond. both systems are located on the same major road in the uk which opened in november 1998. copper, chromium and nickel total aqueous metal concentrations, although low, have been consistently removed (maximum efficiencies of 67.3, 69.8 and 87.0% respectively in the constructed wetland), particularly in the summer. zinc ... | 2001 | 11804152 |
| oxygen fluxes and ammonia removal efficiencies in constructed treatment wetlands. | ammonia-removal efficiency in constructed wetlands is often limited by the amount of oxygen available in the system. in this study, the oxygen-transfer rates to laboratory-scale, subsurface-flow and free-water-surface constructed wetlands were quantified for two input concentrations of ammonia, 10 and 50 mg nitrogen/l, both with and without typha latifolia. rates of oxygen diffusion into the subsurface-flow constructed wetlands were 6.01 to 7.92 g/m2 x d and were strongly correlated with ammonia ... | 2001 | 11833759 |
| the removal of nh3-n from primary treated wastewater in subsurface reed beds using different substrates. | subsurface flow experimental reed beds, were designed and built based on a combination of two design methodologies, that of the wrc and severn trent water plc (3) and that of the usa, epa (17). four different growing media were used with a combination of top soil, gravel, river sand and mature sewage sludge compost, aiming to determine the best substrate for ammonia removal. eight units were constructed, two for each material. one bed for each pair was planted with typha latifolia plants commonl ... | 2002 | 11929069 |
| enhanced nitrate removal efficiency in wetland microcosms using an episediment layer for denitrification. | microbial denitrification is the principal removal mechanism for nitrogen in treatment wetlands. for this study, flow-through wetland microcosms were designed to testwhether variations in the macroporous structure of the denitrification zone affected overall nitrate removal. in a sediment-only treatment, carbon as cattail (typha latifolia) litter was mixed throughout a porous sediment matrix. a second treatment contained a distinct layer of loosely aggregated litter pieces placed atop the sedime ... | 2002 | 11944674 |
| degradation of trichloroethylene in wetland microcosms containing broad-leaved cattail and eastern cottonwood. | remediation of aquifers containing trichloroethylene (tce) relies primarily on physical extraction of contaminated groundwater and soil. unfortunately, this is typically expensive and does not always attain the desired treatment goals. in situ bioremediation via natural attenuation is an alternative treatment process in which tce is transformed by indigenous microorganisms and plants. in this study, tce was observed in a surficial aquifer that discharges into a wetland. experiments were undertak ... | 2002 | 11996342 |
| effect of an industrial discharge on water quality and periphyton structure in a pampeam stream. | seasonal sampling was carried out at four sites on a pampean stream that receives industrial effluent from two textile factories. to evaluate water quality, several physical and chemical parameters were examined and the periphyton growing on cattail (typha latifolia l.) were analyzed. water quality and periphyton structure differed significantly between sites upstream and downstream of the discharge. differences in temperature and also in concentrations of phosphate, dissolved oxygen, and phaeop ... | 2002 | 12002280 |
| temperature and wetland plant species effects on wastewater treatment and root zone oxidation. | constructed wetlands are widely used for wastewater treatment, but there is little information on processes affecting their performance in cold climates, effects of plants on seasonal performance, or plant selection for cold regions. we evaluated the effects of three plant species on seasonal removal of dissolved organic matter (om) (measured by chemical oxygen demand and dissolved organic carbon) and root zone oxidation status (measured by redox potential [eh] and sulfate [so4(2-)]) in subsurfa ... | 2002 | 12026068 |
| spatial and temporal association of as and fe species on aquatic plant roots. | the formation of an fe(iii) precipitate (plaque) on the surface of aquatic plant roots may provide a means of attenuation and external exclusion of metals. presently, the mechanisms of metal(loid) sequestration at the root surface are unresolved. accordingly, we investigated the mechanisms of fe and as attenuation and association on the roots of two common aquatic plant species, phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) and typha latifolia (cattail) using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray fl ... | 2002 | 12026982 |
| the removal of indicator microorganisms from primary treated wastewater in subsurface reed beds using different substrates. | subsurface, horizontal flow, experimental reed beds, were designed and built based on a combination of two design methodologies, that of the wrc and severn trent water plc and that of the usa, epa. four different growing media were used with a combination of top soil, gravel, river sand and mature sewage sludge compost, aiming to determine the best substrate for enteric pathogen removal. eight units were constructed, two for each material. one bed for each pair was planted with typha latifolia p ... | 2002 | 12164637 |
| calorimetric properties of dehydrating pollen (analysis of a desiccation-tolerant and an intolerant species). | the physical state of water in the desiccation-tolerant pollen of typha latifolia l. and the desiccation-sensitive pollen of zea mays l. was studied using differential scanning calorimetry in an attempt to further unravel the complex mechanisms of desiccation tolerance. melting transitions of water were not observed at water content (wc) values less than 0.21 (t. latifolia) and 0.26 (z. mays) g h2o/g dry weight. at moisture levels at which melting transitions were not observable, water propertie ... | 1996 | 12226289 |
| aging of dry desiccation-tolerant pollen does not affect protein secondary structure. | protein secondary structure and membrane phase behavior in aging typha latifolia pollen were studied by means of fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (ftir). membranes isolated from fresh pollen occurred mainly in the liquid crystalline phase at room temperature, whereas the membrane fluidity of aged pollen was drastically decreased. this decrease did not result in large-scale irreversible protein aggregation, as was concluded from in situ ftir assessment of the amide-1 bands. curve-fitt ... | 1995 | 12228641 |
| decreased membrane integrity in aging typha latifolia l.pollen (accumulation of lysolipids and free fatty acids). | aging of cattail (typha latifolia l.) pollen was studied at 24[deg]c under conditions of 40 and 75% relative humidity (rh). the decline of viability coincides with increased leakage at imbibition; both processes develop much faster at the higher humidity condition. during aging phospholipids are deesterified and free fatty acids (ffas) and lysophospholipids (lpls) accumulate, again, much more rapidly at 75% rh than at 40% rh. the fatty acid composition of the remaining phospholipids hardly chang ... | 1993 | 12231723 |
| altered phase behavior in membranes of aging dry pollen may cause imbibitional leakage. | aging of dry pollen has been shown to coincide with increases of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. these compounds reduce the integrity of hydrated liposomes made from isolated pollen phospholipids but do not lead to their total destruction. however, a massive, instantaneous leakage occurs upon imbibition of dry cattail pollen (typha latifolia) that has aged to the point of complete loss of viability. to resolve the apparent discrepancy in stability between hydrated and dry membranes, the ... | 1994 | 12232157 |
| epifluorescent and histochemical aspects of shoot anatomy of typha latifolia l., typha angustifolia l. and typha glauca godr. | using epifluorescent and histochemical techniques, we examined anatomical differences in the shoot organs of typha latifolia, t. angustifolia and t. glauca. the leaf lamina of t. latifolia and t. glauca had enlarged epidermal cells and a thickened cuticle above the subepidermal vascular bundles; that of t. angustifolia lacked these characteristics. leaf sheaths were similar among the species and all lacked the epidermal thickenings found in the lamina. the fertile stems had typical scattered vas ... | 2002 | 12324273 |
| the effect of heavy metals on the total protein concentration of typha latifolia plants, growing in a substrate containing sewage sludge compost and watered with metaliferus wastewater. | typha latifolia plants, commonly known as cattails, were grown in a mixture of sewage sludge compost, commercial compost and perlite. large 6.5 l pots were used with one well developed plant in each pot, divided in five groups. four groups were irrigated with a solution containing different concentrations of cd, cu, ni, pb and zn for a period of 10 weeks, where the fifth was used as a blank. changes in the concentration of total protein in the leaves/stems were monitored aiming to study the effe ... | 2002 | 12369637 |
| mortality of pollen grains may result from errors of meiosis: study of pollen tetrads in typha latifolia l. | in the cattail typha latifolia the four haploid products of meiosis remain attached and form the flat tetrad of pollen grains. gametophytic lethals arisen de novo in diploid cells of sporophyte must manifest themselves as pollen tetrads with two dead grains. this could allow to estimate the rate of recessive lethals arresting pollen grain development. we studied pollen samples collected from 44 sprouts in two populations in the vicinity of novosibirsk. the anomalous tetrads t1, t2, t3, and t4 ca ... | 2002 | 12399994 |
| root-zone acidity and nitrogen source affects typha latifolia l. growth and uptake kinetics of ammonium and nitrate. | the nh(4)(+) and no(3)(-) uptake kinetics by typha latifolia l. were studied after prolonged hydroponics growth at constant ph 3.5, 5.0, 6.5 or 7.0 and with nh(4)(+) or no(3)(-) as the sole n-source. in addition, the effects of ph and n source on h(+) extrusion and adenine nucleotide content were examined. typha latifolia was able to grow with both n sources at near neutral ph levels, but the plants had higher relative growth rates, higher tissue concentrations of the major nutrients, higher con ... | 2002 | 12432036 |
| the effect of heavy metals on nitrogen and oxygen demand removal in constructed wetlands. | the objective of this study is to investigate the respective effects of zn, pb and cd as well as the combined effect of zn, pb, cd and cu on the removal of nitrogen and oxygen demand in constructed wetlands. four laboratory-scale gravel-filled subsurface-flow constructed wetland units planted with cattails (typha latifolia) were operated outdoors and fed with primary-treated domestic wastewater at a constant flow rate of 25 ml/min. after 6 months, three of the wetland units were fed with the sam ... | 2003 | 12493181 |
| phytoremediation of selenium by two helophyte species in subsurface flow constructed wetland. | the phytoremediation of selenium by two different wetland species was investigated. selenium (20.4 microg/l) was supplied continuously to subsurface flow constructed wetlands, one vegetated with typha latifolia l. and the other with phragmites australis (cav.) trin. ex steud. the beds of both species had same hydraulic loading rate (0.079 m(3)/m(2)/d) and water retention time (24 h). however, the mass loading rate was 1.27 mg se/m(2)/d for phragmites and 1.35 mg se/m(2)/d for typha. in the typha ... | 2003 | 12531701 |
| denitrification in constructed wetlands used for treatment of swine wastewater. | constructed wetland treatment of swine wastewater probably involves substantial denitrification. our objective was to assess denitrification and denitrification enzyme activity (dea) in such wetlands in relation to plant communities, n loading, carbon or nitrogen limitations, and water depth. two wetland cells each 3.6 m wide and 33.5 m long were connected in series. one set of cells was planted with rushes and bulrushes, including soft rush (juncus effusus l.), softstem bulrush [schoenoplectus ... | 2003 | 12708698 |
| removal of total suspended solids from wastewater in constructed horizontal flow subsurface wetlands. | subsurface horizontal flow experimental wetlands (reed beds), were designed and built based on a combination of two design methodologies, that of the wrc and severn trent water plc (1996) and that of the usa, epa (1988). four different growing media were used with a combination of top soil, gravel, river sand, and mature sewage sludge compost, to determine the best substrate for total suspended solids (tss) removal. eight units were constructed, two for each growing media. one bed for each pair ... | 2003 | 12774910 |
| metal bioavailability and speciation in a wetland tailings repository amended with biosolids compost, wood ash, and sulfate. | lead poisoning of waterfowl from direct ingestion of wetland mine tailings has been reported at the coeur d'alene river basin in idaho. a greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effects of surface applications of amendments on lead bioavailability in the tailings. treatments included sediment only, and sediment with three different surface amendments: (i) biosolids compost plus wood ash, (ii) compost + wood ash + a low so4(2-) addition as k2so4, and (iii) compost + wood ash + a high so4(2 ... | 2003 | 12809286 |
| selenium removal and mass balance in a constructed flow-through wetland system. | a field study on the removal of se from agricultural subsurface drainage was conducted from may 1997 to february 2001 in the tulare lake drainage district (tldd) of san joaquin valley, california. a flow-through wetland system was constructed consisting of ten 15- x 76-m unlined cells that were continuously flooded and planted with either a monotype or combination of plants, including sturdy bulrush [schoenoplectus robustus (pursh) m.t. strong], baltic rush (juncus balticus willd.), smooth cordg ... | 2003 | 12931913 |
| the removal of chemical oxygen demand from primary-treated domestic wastewater in subsurface-flow reed beds using different substrates. | subsurface-flow experimental reed beds were designed and built based on a combination of two design methodologies. four different growing media were used with a combination of topsoil, gravel, river sand, and mature wastewater biosolids compost to determine the best substrate for chemical oxygen demand removal. eight units were constructed, two for each material. one bed for each pair was planted with typha latifolia plants commonly known as cattails. primary-treated domestic wastewater was cont ... | 2003 | 12934827 |
| removal of heavy metals from a metaliferous water solution by typha latifolia plants and sewage sludge compost. | typha latifolia plants, commonly known as cattails, were grown in a mixture of mature sewage sludge compost, commercial compost and perlite (2:1:1 by volume). four groups (a, b, c and d) were irrigated (once every two weeks) with a solution containing different concentrations of cu, ni, and zn, where in the fifth (group m) tap water was used. at the end of the 10 weeks experimental period substrate and plants were dried, weighed and analysed for heavy metals. the amounts of all three metals remo ... | 2003 | 12948532 |
| does batch operation enhance oxidation in subsurface constructed wetlands? | two side-by-side experimental sub-surface flow systems allowed direct comparison of wetland performance under batch and continuous-flow operation. one system consisted of microcosm "columns" operated in 20-day batch mode while the second consisted of continuous-flow "cells" operated at a five-day residence time. both systems treated identical synthetic domestic wastewater for two years and then treated identical synthetic mine-impacted water for one year. each system had replicates planted with ... | 2003 | 14621159 |
| treatment of freshwater fish farm effluent using constructed wetlands: the role of plants and substrate. | freshwater fish farm effluents have low nutrient concentrations but high flow rates, resulting in pollutant load, especially phosphorus (p), causing eutrophication. the feasibility was tested of a treatment combining, within a single constructed wetland, the contribution of macrophytes for reducing organic matter and nitrogen (n), with the high efficiency of steel slag and limestone for p removal. twenty subsurface flow (ssf) basins of 280 l with different combinations of plants (phragmites comm ... | 2003 | 14621167 |
| removal and speciation of heavy metals along the treatment path of wastewater in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. | this study was conducted to: (1) evaluate the performance of constructed wetlands in removing zn, pb and cd, respectively, and zn, pb, cd and cu in combination and (2) investigate the speciation patterns of the dissolved metals differentiated according to their detectability by anodic stripping voltammetry (asv) and their lability towards chelex resin along the treatment path of metal-containing wastewater in horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. four laboratory scale wetland units pl ... | 2003 | 14621178 |
| performance of a sub-surface flow constructed wetland in polishing pre-treated wastewater-a tropical case study. | this paper reports on the performance of three units of a sub-surface horizontal flow constructed wetland (cw) pilot plant in polishing effluent from the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) reactor plant. studies on the use of uasb for on-site wastewater pre-treatment were initiated in tanzania for the first time in 1993, while initial research works on the application of cw for polishing effluent from uasb, the results of which are reported in this paper began in 1999. in this study the uasb ... | 2004 | 14723937 |
| tissue metal levels in muskrat (ondatra zibethica) collected near the sudbury (ontario) ore-smelters; prospects for biomonitoring marsh pollution. | an examination of tissue metal levels in sudbury-area muskrat (ondatra zibethica) revealed that animals collected in the vicinity of the local ore-smelters contained elevated burdens of cd and ni in their liver and kidneys. respective tissue concentrations averaged 2-fold and 3- to 6-fold higher than background values and are believed to reflect accumulations resulting from food chain contamination in regional marshes, including that reportedly characterizing typha latifolia stands-their primary ... | 2004 | 14749066 |
| radium-226 in cattails, typha latifolia, and bone of muskrat, ondatra zibethica (l.), from a watershed with uranium tailings near the city of elliot lake, canada. | radium-226 concentrations were measured in the main food plants (cattails, typha latifolia) and bone of adult muskrats (ondatra zibethica (l.)), taken from a study area near quirke lake in the serpent river drainage basin. this watershed receives drainage containing radionuclides from the u tailings near the city of elliot lake, ontario, canada. two control sites (one local, one 130 km distant) were also sampled. radium-226 levels in cattails varied by plant part and place of collection. roots s ... | 1996 | 15091452 |
| a test of four plant species to reduce total nitrogen and total phosphorus from soil leachate in subsurface wetland microcosms. | four wetland plant species (scirpus validus, carex lacustris, phalaris arundinacea, and typha latifolia) were grown in monoculture and as a four-species mixture to compare effectiveness of nutrient removal in controlled 18.93-l outdoor subsurface treatment wetland microcosms. a nutrient treatment that mimicked single-resident domestic effluent consisted of two levels of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) [low (56 mg/l n and 31 mg/l p) and high (112 mg/l n and 62 mg/l p)] of nutrient solution applie ... | 2004 | 15158511 |
| determination of alkanolamines in cattails (typha latifolia) utilizing electrospray ionization with selected reaction monitoring and ion-exchange chromatography. | selected reaction monitoring (srm) with electrospray ionization was used as a specific detection technique for the analysis of alkanolamines in plant tissue extracts. ion-exchange chromatography was used as the method of separation. quantification was based on monitoring the loss of either h2o or 2(h2o) from the protonated molecule [m+h]+. the method provided increased selectivity for all analytes and better detection limits for three of the six analytes investigated compared with an earlier met ... | 2004 | 15282789 |
| influence of typha latifolia and fertilization on metal mobility in two different pb-zn mine tailings types. | storing metal-rich mine waste (tailings) under submerged and reduced conditions can prevent the release of metals to the water column, but introduction of wetland plants on these sediments may alter the reducing environment through root oxygen diffusion or organic matter accumulation. fertilization of these wetlands can enhance plant growth, but also may either strengthen reducing conditions via microbial stimulation, or increase the redox potential (eh) through increased root radial oxygen loss ... | 2004 | 15364516 |
| cr(vi) removal from wastewater using low cost sorbent materials: roots of typha latifolia and ashes. | this work presents conditions for hexavalent chromium (cr(vi)) removal from aqueous solution using different sorbent materials, namely: pyrolytic ashes of an industrial sludge from wastewater treatment and roots of typha latifolia. the sorbent materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (sem) and surface area using the brunauer-emmett-teller (bet) technique, before and after the contact with the chromium-containing aqueous media. an overall cr(vi) concentration reduction of 4 ... | 2004 | 15366558 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the wetland monocot typha latifolia l. (broadleaf cattail). | an agrobacterium-mediated model transformation system was standardized for the wetland monocot typha latifolia l. to achieve the long-term objective of introducing candidate genes for phytoremediation. two binary plasmid vectors, pcambia1301/eha105 and ptok233/lba4404, both containing the gus (beta-glucuronidase) and hptii (hygromycin phosphotransferase ii) genes, were used for transformation. fifty-day-old 5 mg/l picloram-derived calli were cocultivated and selected on medium containing 20 mg/l ... | 2005 | 15538575 |
| arsenic sequestration by ferric iron plaque on cattail roots. | typha latifolia (cattail) sequesters arsenic within predominantlyferric iron root coatings, thus decreasing mobility of this toxic element in wetland sediments. element-specific xrf microtomographic imaging illustrated a high spatial correlation between iron and arsenic in root plaques, with little arsenic in the interior of the roots. xanes analyses demonstrated that the plaque was predominantly ferric iron and contained approximately 20% as(iii) and 80% as(v), which is significant because the ... | 2004 | 15573609 |
| uptake of bromide by two wetland plants (typha latifolia l. and phragmites australis (cav.) trin. ex steud). | the successful use of bromide (br-) as a conservative tracer for hydrological tests in wetland systems requires minimal br- loss due to plant uptake. the uptake of br- by two wetland plants, cattail (typha latifolia l.) and reed grass (phragmites australis (cav.) trin. ex steud), was investigated in greenhouse flow-through microcosms. concentrations of br- and other pertinent constituents in sediment pore water were measured at 2 cm depth increments in the sediment column. the vertical br- conce ... | 2004 | 15575283 |
| screening the wetland plant species alisma plantago-aquatica, carex rostrata and phalaris arundinacea for innate tolerance to zinc and comparison with eriophorum angustifolium and festuca rubra merlin. | several wetland plant species appear to have constitutive metal tolerance. in previous studies, populations from contaminated and non-contaminated sites of the wetland plants typha latifolia, phragmites australis, glyceria fluitans and eriophorum angustifolium were found to be tolerant to high concentrations of metals. this study screened three other species of wetland plants: alisma plantago-aquatica, carex rostrata and phalaris arundinacea for innate tolerance to zinc. the degree of tolerance ... | 2005 | 15589661 |
| ammonium removal in constructed wetland microcosms as influenced by season and organic carbon load. | we evaluated ammonium nitrogen removal and nitrogen transformations in three-year-old, batch-operated, subsurface wetland microcosms. treatments included replicates of typha latifolia, carex rostrata, and unplanted controls when influent carbon was excluded, and c. rostrata with an influent containing organic carbon. a series of 10-day batch incubations were conducted over a simulated yearlong cycle of seasons. the presence of plants significantly enhanced ammonium removal during both summer (24 ... | 2005 | 15921269 |
| nutrient removal through autumn harvest of phragmites australis and thypha latifolia shoots in relation to nutrient loading in a wetland system used for polishing sewage treatment plant effluent. | the efficacy and feasibility of annual harvesting of phragmites australis and typha latifolia shoots in autumn for nutrient removal was evaluated in a wetland system used for polishing sewage treatment plant (stp) effluent. aboveground biomass and nutrient dynamics nutrient removal through harvest were studied in parallel ditches with stands of phragmites or typha that were mown in october during two successive years. the inflow rate of stp effluent to the ditches was experimentally varied, resu ... | 2005 | 15921271 |
| cattail population in wastewater treatment wetlands in estonia: biomass production, retention of nutrients, and heavy metals in phytomass. | the aim of this article is to evaluate and compare common cattail (typha latifolia) biomass production and annual accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and heavy metals (cd, cu, pb, zn) in phytomass in 3 treatment wetland systems in estonia. the biomass samples (roots/rhizomes, shoots with leaves, and spadixes) and litter were collected from 1 x 1 m plots--15 plots in tänassilma seminatural wetland, 15 plots in põltsamaa constructed wetland, and 10 plots in häädemeeste constructed wetlan ... | 2005 | 15921272 |
| phytoremediation of effluents from aluminum smelters: a study of al retention in mesocosms containing aquatic plants. | four mesocosms were exposed to circumneutral and aluminum (al)-rich wastewater during two successive summers (2000, 2001). the goals of the study were to measure the bioaccumulation of dissolved al by the aquatic plants typha latifolia, lemna minor, nuphar variegatum and potamogeton epihydrus, and to evaluate their importance in the retention of al by the mesocosms. in 2000, inlet concentrations of total monomeric al were reduced by 56% and 29% at the arvida and laterrière mesocosms, respectivel ... | 2005 | 15950256 |
| foliar uptake of cesium from the water column by aquatic macrophytes. | the probable occurrence and rate of foliar absorption of stable cesium (133cs) from the water column by aquatic macrophyte species was analyzed following the addition of 133cs into a small reservoir near aiken, south carolina, usa. an uptake parameter u (10(3)lkg(-1)d(-1)) and a loss rate parameter k (d(-1)) were estimated for each species using time series of 133cs concentrations in the water and plant tissues. foliar uptake, as indicated by rapid increases in plant concentrations following the ... | 2006 | 15990203 |
| degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by selected helophytes. | four emergent plants (helophytes, synonyms emersion macrophytes, marsh plants, etc.) phragmites australis, juncus glaucus, carex gracillis and typha latifolia were successfully used for degradation of tnt (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) under in vitro conditions. the plants took up and transformed more than 90% of tnt from the medium within ten days of cultivation. the most efficient species was ph. australis which took up 98% of tnt within ten days. the first stable degradation products 4-amino-2,6-din ... | 2005 | 16054915 |
| o-acetylserine (thiol) lyase activity in phragmites and typha plants under cadmium and nacl stress conditions and the involvement of aba in the stress response. | the roles of o-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (oastl, ec 4.2.99.8) and abscisic (aba) acid in stress responses to nacl and cadmium treatments were investigated in typha latifolia l. and phragmites australis (cav.) trin. ex steudel plants. oastl activity increased under stress (25-300 microm cd, 100mm nacl, 1 microm aba) in both typha and phragmites mainly in roots, contributing substantially to satisfy the higher demand of cysteine for adaptation and protection. the earliest significant responses in ... | 2005 | 16146312 |
| anaerobic digestion of cattail by rumen cultures. | the anaerobic digestion of aquatic plants could serve the dual roles for producing renewable energy and reducing waste. in this study, the anaerobic digestion of cattail (typha latifolia linn), a lignocellulosic aquatic plant, by rumen microorganisms in batch cultures was investigated. at a substrate level of 12.4 g/l volatile solids (vs) and ph 6.7, maximum vs conversion of 66% was achieved within an incubation time of 125 h. however, a decrease in ph from 6.7 to 5.8 resulted in a marked reduct ... | 2006 | 16198552 |
| lead and zinc accumulation and tolerance in populations of six wetland plants. | wetland plants such as typha latifolia and phragmites australis have been indicated to show a lack of evolution of metal tolerance in metal-contaminated populations. the aim of the present study is to verify whether other common wetland plants such as alternanthera philoxeroides and beckmannia syzigachne, also possess the same characteristics. lead and zinc tolerances in populations of six species collected from contaminated and clean sites were examined by hydroponics. in general, the contamina ... | 2006 | 16214279 |
| use of microbial community to evaluate performance of a wetland system in treating pb/zn mine drainage. | the performance of a wetland system in treating lead (pb)/zinc (zn) mine drainage was evaluated by using the polyurethane foam unit (pfu) microbial community (method), which has been adopted by china as a standardized procedure for monitoring water quality. the wetland system consisted of four cells with three dominant plants: typha latifolia, phragmites australis and paspalum distichum. physicochemical characteristics [ph, ec, content of total suspended solid (tss) and metals (pb, zn, cd, and c ... | 2005 | 16215655 |
| methyl parathion toxicity to and removal efficiency by typha latifolia in water and artificial sediments. | methyl parathion (mep) is a very hazardous pesticide freely used in agriculture in mexico. this pesticide and others, arriving through different processes, exert significant effects on water quality with serious consequences for environmental and human health. this study evaluates the removal efficiency of common cattail typha latifolia l. on mep in water and artificial sediments. the effects of the pesticide on this macrophyte after 10 days of exposure were determined using a concentration rang ... | 2006 | 16293285 |
| isolation and characterization of polymeric galloyl-ester-degrading bacteria from a tannery discharge place. | the culturable bacteria colonizing the rhizosphere of plants growing in the area of discharge of a tannery effluent were characterized. relative proportions of aerobic, denitrifying, and sulfate-reducing bacteria were determined in the rhizosphere of typha latifolia, canna indica, and phragmites australis. aerobic bacteria were observed to be the most abundant group in the rhizosphere, and plant type did not seem to influence the abundance of the bacterial types analyzed. to isolate bacteria abl ... | 2005 | 16341641 |
| mineralization of surfactants by microbiota of aquatic plants. | the biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (las) and linear alcohol ethoxylate (lae) by the microbiota associated with duckweed (lemna minor) and the roots of cattail (typha latifolia) was investigated. plants were obtained from a pristine pond and a pond receiving wastewater from a rural laundromat. cattail roots and duckweed plants were incubated in vessels containing sterile water amended with [c]las, [c]lae, or c-labeled mixed amino acids (maa). evolution of co(2) was determined ove ... | 1989 | 16347999 |
| effects of plants on the removal of hexavalent chromium in wetland sediments. | the effect of two wetland plants, typha latifolia l. (cattail) and phragmites australis (cav.) trin. ex steud (common reed), on the fate of cr(vi) in wetland sediments was investigated using greenhouse bench-scale microcosm experiments. the removal of cr(vi) was monitored based on the vertical profiles of aqueous cr(vi) in the sediments. the cr(vi) removal rates were estimated taking into account plant transpiration, which was found to significantly concentrate dissolved species in the sediments ... | 2006 | 16397109 |
| distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the typha latifolia constructed wetlands using fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). | a molecular biology method, fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish), in which the pre-treatment was improved in allusion to the media of the constructed wetlands (cw), e.g. the soil and the grit, was used to investigate the vertical distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (aob) quantity and the relation with oxidation-reduction potential (orp) in the typha latifolia constructed wetlands under three different loadings in summer from may to september. results showed that the qu ... | 2005 | 16465894 |
| membrane phase transitions are responsible for imbibitional damage in dry pollen. | we have found that the most probable cause of the leakage seen when dry cells or organisms such as seeds, pollen, or yeast cells are plunged into water is a gel to liquid crystalline phase transition in membrane phospholipids accompanying rehydration. by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy we have recorded infrared spectra of ch(2) stretching vibrations in dry and partially hydrated intact pollen grains of typha latifolia. the vibrational frequency changes abruptly as phospholipids pas ... | 1989 | 16594011 |
| plant bioassays for an in situ monitoring of air near an industrial area and a municipal solid waste: zilina (slovakia). | the process of a bioindication of genotoxic effects of complex mixtures on the environment using higher plants is very appropriate and effective. we present the results of an in situ indication of the genotoxic effects of polluted environment near zilina city. for a more complex monitoring we used: the tradescantia micronucleus (trad-mcn) assay, the tradescantia microspore test and an evaluation of the abortivity of the pollen grains of native plant species. we found significant differences in t ... | 2006 | 16617421 |
| thermal inactivation properties of enzymes from typha latifolia l. ecotypes. | irreversible thermal denaturation experiments with 3 enzymes from typha latifolia populations native to distinct thermal climates produced 3 different responses: (1) malate dehydrogenase was much more resistant to high temperature inactivation when obtained from plants native to a hot climate, (2) glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase was quite resistant to thermal denaturation regardless of origin, and (3) aldolase was rapidly inactivated by heat regardless of origin. | 1966 | 16656465 |
| photosynthesis and photorespiration in typha latifolia. | photosynthetic rates of typha latifolia, the broad-leaved cattail, are the equivalent of rates reported in tropical grasses and other plants which assimilate carbon by the phosphopyruvate carboxylase reaction, but photosynthesis in t. latifolia proceeds by a typical calvin cycle. glycolate oxidase, the photorespiratory enzyme, is present in high concentration in this species, but only minor quantities of the assimilated carbon pass through the photorespiratory pathway. however, continued operati ... | 1970 | 16657378 |
| phospholipid motional characteristics in a dry biological system : a p-nuclear magnetic resonance study of hydrating typha latifolia pollen. | analysis of the proton-decoupled (31)p-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectrum of fully hydrated typha latifolia pollen revealed the presence of two main peaks: a broad asymmetrical component of a ;bilayer' lineshape and a much narrower symmetrical component originating from phosphorus compounds undergoing rapid isotropic motion. from (a) (31)p-nmr experiments on the hydrated total pollen phospholipids, (b) saturation transfer (31)p-nmr experiments, and (c) the fraction of lipid phosphate in t ... | 1982 | 16662616 |
| isolation-inflicted injury to mitochondria from fresh pollen gradually overcome by an active strengthening during germination. | activities of segments of the electron transport pathway of mitochondria isolated from pollen of typha latifolia l. during the course of germination in vitro were compared with those of mitochondria in intact grains. for this purpose, suitable inhibitors and artificial substrates were selected for their ability to penetrate through the exine, intine, and plasmalemma. in contrast to their counterparts in vivo, mitochondria isolated during the initial stages of germination exhibited low rates of e ... | 1983 | 16663358 |
| imbibitional chilling injury in pollen: involvement of the respiratory chain. | chilling injury is sustained by dry pollen of typha latifolia l. upon hydration in germination medium at 0 degrees c. this injury is evidenced as poor germination, low vigor, and depressed respiration. isolated mitochondria showed multiple sites of impaired electron transport. besides losses of cytochrome (cyt) c and nad(+), the activities of membrane-bound enzyme complexes such as cyt oxidase, nadh-duroquinone oxidoreductase, succinate-duroquinone oxidoreductase, and malate-duroquinone oxidored ... | 1984 | 16663516 |
| effect of sucrose on phase behavior of membranes in intact pollen of typha latifolia l., as measured with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. | in previous studies, we have shown that the temperature dependent vibrational frequency of the ch(2) stretch in hydrocarbons in intact pollen grains can be recorded with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and used to measure phase transition temperatures (t(m)) in these hydrocarbons. circumstantial evidence was provided that the major contribution to the signal seen in these samples was from membrane phospholipids, and that sucrose in the dry pollen grains reduced t(m) of those phospholipid ... | 1991 | 16668491 |
| genetics of cattails in radioactively contaminated areas around chornobyl. | research on populations from radioactively contaminated areas around chornobyl has produced ambiguous results for the presence of radiation effects. more studies are needed to provide information on whether radiation exposure at chornobyl significantly affected genetic diversity in natural populations of various taxa. eleven and nine variable microsatellite loci were used to test for differences in genetic diversity between reference and chornobyl populations of two cattail species (typha angust ... | 2006 | 16842431 |
| phytoremediation of selenium using subsurface-flow constructed wetland. | the potential of two plant species, phragmites australis (common reed) and typha latifolia (cattail), in the phytoremediation process of selenium (se) was studied in subsurface-flow constructed wetland (ssf). se was supplemented continuously at a concentration of 100 microg se l(-1) in the inlet of the cultivation beds of the ssf. water samples collected from the outlet of the phragmites bed after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk of treatments showed that se content was under detectable limits. water sampl ... | 2006 | 17120524 |
| urea transformation of wetland microbial communities. | transformation of urea to ammonium is an important link in the nitrogen cycle in soil and water. although microbial nitrogen transformations, such as nitrification and denitrification, are well studied in freshwater sediment and epiphytic biofilm in shallow waters, information about urea transformation in these environments is scarce. in this study, urea transformation of sedimentary, planktonic, and epiphytic microbial communities was quantified and urea transformation of epiphytic biofilms ass ... | 2007 | 17268879 |
| five year water and nitrogen balance for a constructed surface flow wetland treating agricultural drainage waters. | the performance of a constructed surface flow wetland in reducing diffuse n pollution coming from croplands is being investigated in an ongoing experiment, begun in 1998 in ne italy. the 0.32 ha wetland is vegetated with phragmites australis (cav.) trin. and typha latifolia (l.). it receives drainage water from 6 ha of land managed for an experiment on drainage systems, where maize, sugarbeet, winter wheat and soybean are cultivated. during the period 1998-2002, the wetland received from 4698 to ... | 2007 | 17270250 |
| constructed wetland systems vegetated with different plants applied to the treatment of tannery wastewater. | wastewaters from leather processing are very complex and lead to water pollution if discharged untreated, especially due to its high organic loading. in this study the survival of different plant species in subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands receiving tannery wastewater was investigated. five pilot units were vegetated with canna indica, typha latifolia, phragmites australis, stenotaphrum secundatum and iris pseudacorus, and a sixth unit was left as an unvegetated control. the treat ... | 2007 | 17320926 |