| food protein sources. | work on food, planned by the u.m. (use and management) section of the u.k. committe, was limited to sources of protein because we agreed that more problems calling for research were likely to arise in getting adequate supplies of protein than of other types of food. deer meat can be produced on land too rough and exposed for sheep; parts of the work on their metabolism and food requirements necessitated building a mobile laboratory. the manner in which the nutritive value of maize is affected by ... | 1976 | 8803 |
| ecological distribution of spirillum lipoferum beijerinck. | a survey in various countries revealed that the n2-fixing spirillum lipoferum beijerinck is a very common root and soil inhabitant in the tropics. more than half of the grass root and soil samples collected in tropical countries (four african countries and brazil) contained abundant s. lipoferum populations, while less than 10% of the samples collected in temperate south brazil, kenya, and the u.s.a. contained the organism. there is a pronounced vegetation effect. panicum maximum seems the most ... | 1976 | 10062 |
| effect of dietary fats on ovine adipose tissue metabolism. | the effects of different dietary fats on ovine adipose tissue metabolism have been investigated. six-month old sheep were fed for 6 weeks a control diet or diets supplemented with either tallow or a mixture of sunflower seed oil and soybean oil, treated to protect the fats from hydrolysis and hydrogenation in the rumen, or with maize oil. the rates of fatty acid, glyceride glycerol, and co2 formation were measured in perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue slices by following the incorporation ... | 1976 | 11390 |
| effect of the composition of the medium and the conditions of aspergillus foetidus cultivation on the biosynthesis of glucoamylase. | the optimal conditions for biosynthesis of exocellular glucoamylase were found in the course of submerged cultivation of aspergillus foetidus atcc 14916: ph 4.5 at the beginning of cultivation, cultivation for four days, a temperature of 30 degrees c, and an aeration in the fermenter of 1.5 volumes of the air per 1 volume of the medium with a stirring of 280 rpm. the material can be inoculated either as spores (1 x 10(7) spores per 100 ml of the medium) or a material germinated from spores (5% b ... | 1978 | 26852 |
| nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes of diplodia maydis, a zea mays l. stalk rot causing fungus. | the nitrogen source available to diplodia maydis in vivo is reported to affect the severity of stalk rot in maize. nitrate and (or) ammonium salts were tested for their effect on the type of nitrogen metabolism found in diplodia maydis in vitro. the level of glutamate dehydrogenase remained essentially constant on either nitrogen salt but nitrate reductase was induced by growth on nitrate salts and was not extractable on ammonium salts. properties of nitrate reductase reported here are similar t ... | 1979 | 35273 |
| fiber of the maize tortilla. | fiber concentrations were measured in maize tortillas and in masa, the lime-treated dough from which they are made, with the aid of van soest's methods. neutral detergent fiber of tortillas was 6.60 +/- 0.98% (mean and sd) and acid detergent fiber 3.75 +/- 0.83% of the dry weight corrected for ash. the hemicellulose fraction was 2.89 +/- 0.94%. both neutral and acid detergent fiber were significantly higher in tortilla than in masa. the gain in fiber by tortillas during baking is attributed to t ... | 1979 | 35971 |
| cadmium concentration and distribution in corn (zea mays l.) grown on a calcareous soil for three years after three annual sludge applications. | the disposal of digested sewage sludge on crop-producing land appeals to municipalities as an option but may pose a hazard to human and animal health if the plant material contains elevated levels of some heavy metals. this paper reports the levels of cadmium in corn grain and stover for six years -- three years with sludge applied annually and for three years after sludge applications were terminated. the cadmium concentration in corn grain from the sixth year was similar to values found in cor ... | 1979 | 38271 |
| ecological studies on azotobacter in egyptian soils. | the present survey includes 156 representative soil samples. results obtained confirm the richness of egyptian soils, particularly the nile valley soils, in azotobacter (60% of the samples contained greater than 10(3) colonies/g soil). colony counts were lower than mpn estimations. glucose is recommended for use in plating medium. among the environmental factors affecting azotobacter densities in soils of egypt are: organic carbon content, total soluble salt content, ph and type of the soil, dep ... | 1979 | 44932 |
| hepatitis due to aflatoxicosis. an outbreak in western india. | parts of western india have experienced an outbreak of hepatitis affecting man and dogs and characterised by jaundice, rapidly developing ascites, portal hypertension, and a high mortality-rate. the disease was associated with the consumption of maize contaminated heavily with aspergillus flavus. analysis of contaminated samples showed that affected people could have consumed between 2 and 6 mg. of aflatoxin daily over a period of a month. a specimen of liver obtained at necropsy showed bileduct ... | 1975 | 48730 |
| induction of avirulent variants in erwinia stewartii by incubation at supraoptimal temperatures. | high temperatures (37 degrees c) induced non-pigmented, and (or) small colony variants in some erwinia stewartii strains. the former differed from the parent strain serologically and in having lost virulence to zea mays. the small colony variants retained phytopathogenicity. | 1975 | 51679 |
| balkan (endemic) nephropathy and a toxin-producing strain of penicillium verrucosum var cyclopium: an experimental model in rats. | cultures of an isolate of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium, obtained from stored maize in an area of balkan (endemic) nephropathy--vratza, bulgaria--has consistently induced renal tubular lesions when force-fed to rats for 20 days. the lesions, confined to the lower reaches of the proximal convoluted tublues (pars recta and junctional zone), closely resemble the tubular changes in patients with balkan nephropathy. preliminary evidence suggests that this nephrotoxin-producing strain of p. ve ... | 1977 | 66474 |
| effect on rats and mice of a diet with low tryptophan content (maize flour). | female wistar rats when crowded together become aggressive if fed a diet with low tryptophan (trp) content (maize, flour, mf). when isolated during 30 days and fed mf they show a decrease of weight, of total plasma trp, and of trp and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) in brain stem, but 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-hiaa) of the same cerebral area does not change. these results partially agree with other authors observations. mice isolated during 47 days and fed with mf do not show any significant weigh ... | 1979 | 95611 |
| serologic studies of the maize stalk rot pathogen erwinia carotovora f. sp. zeae. | with the help of serological techniques, namely microprecipitin, agglutination, and gel diffusion, sixteen isolates of maize stalk rot pathogen were proved to be identical. serological techniques have thus been utilized as an additional tool for identifying the pathogen erwinia carotovora f. sp. zea. it was also established that the pathogen does not perpetuate in the seed, either externally of internally. it could, however, be found through serological tests that infected ears carried the patho ... | 1978 | 96628 |
| an ultrastructural investigation of nephrotoxicity in rats induced by feeding cultures of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. | a renal tubular lesion was induced in male rats by giving them a culture homogenate or culture filtrate of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium by gastric gavage for 20 days. the fungus was obtained from stored maize in an area of endemic nephropathy in bulgaria. changes in the proximal convoluted tubules were studied by light and electron microscopy. the lesion was confined to the pars recta in the outer stripe of the outer zone of the medulla. it consisted of degeneration and necrosis of epit ... | 1978 | 103297 |
| the current status of breeding for protein quality in corn. | the current rapid expansion of the human population on earth, particularly in the less developed countries, raises the possibility of widespread, serious malnutrition and starvation for many unless agricultural technology can intervene with appropriate answers to these problems. plant breeders have been charged with developing varieties that will yield larger quantities of improved quality protein. since the realization that maize having the opaque-2 gene has markedly improved protein quality, m ... | 1978 | 103373 |
| a new n-nitroso compound, n-3-methylbutyl-n-1-methylacetonylnitrosamine, in corn-bread inoculated with fungi. | a new n--nitroso compound, n--1--methylacetonyl--n--3--methylbutylnitrosamine (mambna) is found in corn-bread inoculated with the common fungi, such as fusarium moniliforme, geotrichun candidum, aspergillus terreus or a. flavipes, encountered in food of lin xian county, henan province. the preliminary identification of this compound with tlc has been confirmed by gc-ms analysis. furthermore, we have synthesized the mambna and the chemical analysis shows that it is identical with the mambna isola ... | 1979 | 112677 |
| [growth and biomass accumulation by several strains of pseudomonas on nutrient with ethanol]. | the capacity to grow in a mineral medium with ethanol as a sole carbon source was studied in 147 pseudomonas strains. all of the strains can grow in this medium. the biomass accumulation in the mineral medium with ethanol (1%) and maize extract (0.2%) is 2.5--5.0 times higher than without the latter. strains which accumulate up to 3.5 g of dry biomass per litre (containing 62--66% of protein and 5.3% of nucleic acids) in the mineral medium with ethanol (1%) and maize extract (0.2%) have been sel ... | 1979 | 116115 |
| the effect of an unsaturated-fat diet on cataract formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | 1. cataract formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats was reduced by approximately 85% when a diet rich in maize oil (300 g/kg diet) (fat diet) was given, thus confirming results of earlier studies. however, the concentration of sorbitol in the lens of diabetic animals remained high, the values for diabetic rats given the standard diet and the fat died being 65 and 40 mumol/g protein respectively. 2. with the standard diet, the fatty acid profile of the triglycerides of the epididymal ... | 1976 | 133711 |
| effect of corn and sorghum diets in n1 methylnicotinamide excretion and hepatic enzymes in rats. | this study was carried out to compare the effects of corn (zea mays) and sorghum (sorghum vulgare) diets on urinary n1 methylnicotinamide (n'mn) excretion and on the activity of hepatic enzyme in young adult rats. thirty rats, weighing an average of 174.3 g at the beginning of the experiments, were divided into three groups and studied for 13 weeks. the two experimental diets supplied 7% protein, and a casein diet was used as control. niacin was excluded from the vitamin mixture used in the corn ... | 1978 | 153892 |
| effect of the fungal toxin (zearalenone) on the reproductive system and fertility of male and female rats. | the fertility-inhibiting effects of long-term (8 weeks) consumption of maize infected with a fungus producing f2 toxin (zearalenone) was studied in adult male and female albino rats. the fertility rate was further decreased by 25-30% if the animals were kept on contaminated diet up to 14 weeks. the gonadal weight was decreased, follicular maturation and spermatogenesis were disturbed. the toxic diet consumed by mothers during pregnancy and lactation induced permanent changes in reproductive orga ... | 1979 | 162329 |
| [lipid overload induced in myocardial cells by vegetable oils. observation using electron microscopy]. | comparative studies were made to estimate the lipid overloading of myocardiac cells in rats fed by groups, for 3 and 6 days, one of the following dietary oils: peanut oil, maize oil, sunflower oi, soyabean oil, rapeseed-primor oil, rapeseed-canbra oil and rapeseed oil. | 1975 | 171096 |
| multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus in the leafhopper peregrinus maidis (ashm.), a vector of a plant rhabdovirus. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was found to multiply efficiently in whole peregrinus maidis (ashm.). the leafhopper vector of maize mosaic virus (mmv), a plant rhabdovirus. insects were inoculated with vsv by means of a microsyringe, collected at 1-day intervals and tested individually for the presence of virus. exponential virus multiplication occurred within the first 4 days, reaching titres of 10(6) p.f.u. per insect in days 5 to 10 after inoculation. these observations show that a common h ... | 1976 | 182911 |
| regulative influence of o-aminobenzoic acid on the biosynthesis of nourseothricin in cultures of streptomyces noursei ja 3890b. iv. bistability of metabolism and the mechanism of action of aminobenzoic acids. | using the semi-continuous cultivation technique we could establish that specifically in streptomyces noursei ja 3890b during growth on a medium supplied with d,l-alanine, nh4+, and maize starch there are two different phenotypes of the organism and stationary states of metabolism, respectively. the expression of either the metabolic state i with an enhanced capacity to oxidative deamination of alanine via the nad+-dependent alanaine dehydrogenase or the metabolic state 2 which may be characteriz ... | 1979 | 231865 |
| effects of a nitrate reductase inactivating enzyme and nad(p)h on the nitrate reductase from higher plants and neurospora. | evidence is presented which suggests that the nad(p)h-cytochrome c reductase component of nitrate reductase is the main site of action of the inactivating enzyme. when tested on the nitrate reductase (nadh) from the maize root and scutella, the nadh-cytochrome c reductase was inactivated at a greater rate than was the fadh2-nitrate reductase component. with the neurospora nitrate reductase (nadph) only the nadph-cytochrome c reductase was inactivated. p-chloromercuribenzoate at 50 mum, which gav ... | 1975 | 235300 |
| a relationship between the molar proportion of propionic acid and the clearance rate of the liquid phase in the rumen of the sheep. | 1. four rumen-cannulated sheep were given a forage mixture (f) of chopped hay-ground, pelleted, dried grass (92:8, w/w) and two concentrate mixtures (c and s) of ground barley-ground hay-flaked maize (46:24:30 and 56:24:20, by wt respectively) in twenty-four hourly meals each day. each of the diets was offered in successive periods of 16 d to give a feeding sequence f-s-c-s for one pair of sheep and c-s-f-s for the other pair. 2. the average composition (mol/100 mol) of the mixture of short-chai ... | 1975 | 235941 |
| isolation and fusion studies on protoplasts from pollen tetrads. | different enzymes were tested for isolation of intact protoplasts from pollen tetrads. about 80% isolation was achieved from pollen tetrads of cajanus cajan and zea mays and about 60% from luffa cylindrica and lycopersicon esculentum after 4 h of treatment with 5% cellulase. when these mononucleate protoplasts were incubated in presence of 0.05 m cacl2 in 0.3 m glucose at ph 10.5, 70-80% fusion was achieved. fusion was rare in sodium nitrate solutions. | 1977 | 321241 |
| application and standardization of various procedures for inoculation of maize by erwinia carotovora f. sp. zeae. | hypodermic syringe and toothpick methods were best for evaluating pathogenicity of the maize plant against erwinia carotovora f. sp. zeae, both in glass house and in the field. the portion of the stalk above the ground was best suited for reproducing the disease symptoms. leaf and leaf whorl did not show any rotting hero. seed inoculation showed least mortality percentage. root inoculation was suitable only for young seedlings. cotyledons, as an organ for inoculation for getting best reproducibl ... | 1977 | 324175 |
| maize silage: incidence of moulds during conservation. | the basic principle of silage making--preservation under anaerobiosis--is recognized. with this environment the substrate can harbour a spontaneous and active microflora that can be divided into two sequential phases; a bacterial phase followed by a yeast phase. the imperfections of the techniques used in making silage, however, frequently result in invasion by fungi. the moulds that are responsible for serious changes (loss of nutrients, mycotoxins) are classified into a dozen characteristic di ... | 1977 | 328359 |
| the effect of partially replacing urea nitrogen with protein n on n capture in the rumen of sheep fed a purified diet. | 1. the influence of replacing 10% of the urea nitrogen in a purified diet with casein, maize gluten or white fish meal on the efficiency of conversion of dietary-n into microbial n was examined using sheep equipped with rumen fistulas and duodenal re-entrant cannulas. 2. total nitrogen (tn), non-ammonia nitrogen (nan) and amino acid nitrogen (aan) flowing to the proximal duodenum were significantly higher (p smaller than 0.05) when maize gluten was added to the diet, and this appeared to be due ... | 1978 | 339943 |
| trna isopentenyltransferase from zea mays l. characterization of the isopentenylation reaction of trna, oligo (a) and other nucleic acids. | the extraction and purification of the trna isopentenyltransferase from maize root tips and kernels are reported. the relative amounts of this enzyme in different organs of maize have been determined. root tips have the highest enzyme activities, followed by kernels and young leaves. old leaves exhibit very low activity. the molecular mass of the monomeric enzyme was determined to be 57000 - 63000 dalton. ph and mg2 optima are in full agreement with the data reported for the enzymes from yeast a ... | 1978 | 342386 |
| potential of plant genetic systems for monitoring and screening mutagens. | plants have too long been ignored as useful screening and monitoring systems of environmental mutagens. however, there are about a dozen reliable, some even unique, plant genetic systems that can increase the scope and effectiveness of chemical and physical mutagen screening and monitoring procedures. some of these should be included in the tier ii tests. moreover, plants are the only systems now in use as monitors of genetic effects caused by polluted atmosphere and water and by pesticides. the ... | 1978 | 367768 |
| [behavior of some microorganisms cultivated in the presence of irradiated maize starch]. | the bactericidal effect of water soluble radiolysis products of maize starch on escherichia coli cultures declines when the initial population grows. this toxicity varies with the culture environment and the bacterial species: bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, streptococcus faecalis, enterobacter sp. moreover, for the eucaryote cell saccharomyces cerevisiae, wild strain or muting "small colonies", only the generating time is altered by the active parts of radiolysis products. the resul ... | 1977 | 410543 |
| [selection of screening methods for the detection of aflatoxins in animal feed]. | five different screening methods of the detection of aflatoxin b1 are compared as to their usability in ten feeds, feed concentrates, and complete feed mixtures. method ii, i. e. the author's modification of the method of pons et al. (1973) was found to be the best for the highest number of different feeds. aflatoxin b1-positive findings were obtained in samples of groundnut cake and protein concentrates a) for laying hens and b) for breeding pigs. no aflatoxins were detected in other feed sampl ... | 1977 | 416542 |
| nutritional evaluation of hard endosperm opaque-2 maize (zea mays l.). | | 1979 | 429693 |
| two-year oral toxicity and multigeneration studies in rats on two chemically modified maize starches. | | 1979 | 437606 |
| the effect of dietary fats on the composition of the liver endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative drug metabolsim. | 1. the dependence of the rate of oxidative demethylation in the liver endoplasmic reticulum on the fatty acid composition of the endoplasmic reticulum has been studied by varying the lipid content of the diet. 2. the rate of oxidative demethylation was markedly dependent on the percentage of linoleic acid (18:2) incorporated into the membrane. feeding diets containing (g/kg) 100 coconut oil, 100 lard or 100 maize oil caused respectively the incorporation of 7.6, 10.3 and 25.1% linoleic acid (18: ... | 1979 | 465437 |
| balkan (endemic) nephropathy. | the clinical and pathological features of balkan (endemic) nephropathy are discussed and correlations of incidence with excess late summer and autumn rainfall outlined. cultures of a strain of penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium isolated from maize collected in an endemic area were fed to rats and lesions were produced in the straight third segment of the proximal kidney tubules. extensive degeneration and nuclear changes were seen and on prolonged feeding further nuclear enlargement (to great ... | 1979 | 467065 |
| associative symbiosis of azotobacter chroococcum and higher plants. | the association between a selected strain of azotobacter chroococcum and seven plants was investigated in water cultures under sterile conditions. azotobacter population progressively increased in the nutrient solution and on the rhizoplane. microbial propagation depends on the type of plant, being much higher in presence of wheat, followed by barley, maize, broad bean, and cotton, while in presence of fenugreek and lentil lower rates of multiplication were recorded. inoculation increased the dr ... | 1979 | 473964 |
| studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs. 7. measurements of the flow of total carbohydrate, total reducing substances and glucose. | 1. seventeen pigs were fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in either the duodenum (posterior to the entry of the bile and pancreatic ducts), the mid-jejunum, or the terminal ileum. a further twenty-four pigs were used in a conventional digestibility trial. 2. three diets were used: these contained barley, fine wheat offal, white fish meal, minerals and vitamins (diet bwf) ; starch, sucrose, maize oil, cellulose, minerals, vitamins and either groundnut meal (diet ssg) or casein (diet ssc). 3. ... | 1979 | 476042 |
| studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs. 8. measurements of the flow of total lipid, acid-detergent fibre and volatile fatty acids. | 1. seventeen pigs fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in either the duodenum (posterior to the point of entry of the bile and pancreatic ducts), the mid-jejunum, or the terminal ileum, and a further twenty-four non-cannulated pigs were used. 2. three diets were used: these contained barley, fine wheat offal, white fish meal, minerals and vitamins (diet bwf); starch, sucrose, maize oil, cellulose, minerals, vitamins and either groundnut meal (diet ssg) or casein (diet ssc). 3. the quantities o ... | 1979 | 476043 |
| effect of organic matter supplementation on nitrogen transformations in soils. i. chemical and bacteriological changes. | the effect of supplementation with different organic materials on nitrogen transformations and on certain bacterial groups in soil was studied. addition of wide c/n ratio organic matter, sawdust and maize stalks prevented no3-n from being lost through leaching out or dentrification and favoured the development of azotobacter and n2-fixing clostridia that in turn resulted in marked gains in nitrogen through n2-fixation. nitrifying bacteria were adversely affected. application of such materials to ... | 1979 | 494849 |
| [impact on the state of health of lambs fed large amounts of concentrated fodder]. | experiments were carried out with a total of 18 male lambs at the age of 5 months, included in three groups. the test period lasted 150 days during which the animals of the first group were fed daily 1200-1500 g each of pelleted concentrates, those of the second group--1200, 1300, and 3000 g of wheat straw, and the lambs of the third one--800 and 1050 g of pelleted concentrates as well as 540-720 g of pelleted whole maize plants. it was found that continuous feeding with high amounts of concentr ... | 1979 | 516436 |
| cell morphology and flagellation of nitrogen-fixing spirilla. | twenty isolates of n2-fixing spirilla were isolated from the rhizosphere of maize and sugar cane grown in egyptian and belgian soils. electron microscopy distinguished two morphological groups. the first includes short and thick curved rods with an unipolar flagellum while cells of the second group are much longer with the typical appearance of spiral cells and most probably possess a bipolar tuft of flagella. | 1979 | 527912 |
| effect of dietary fats and triiodothyronine administration on the lipid components of serum and tissues in the rat. | twelve groups of rats were included in this study. six groups (3 males and 3 females) received high fat diets containing 20% of either peanut oil, maize oil or lard. the other six groups received the same diets plus triiodothyronine. triiodothyronine t3 added to diets containing peanut oil caused slight increase in total serum lipids in female rats, while in male rats serum total lipids were increased about 20-fold. t3 administration caused almost no change in aortic total and all lipid fraction ... | 1979 | 549273 |
| polyploidy and domestication: the origin and survival of polyploids in cytotype mixtures. | the origin and survival of a polyploid in a mixture of this polyploid and its parent(s) is reviewed. with several examples a picture is drawn of the interference of cytotypes in a mixture of cytotypes. some natural polyploids, both wild and domesticated, are very successful. they, like bread wheat and banana, largely replaced their parents. the same is true for some artificial polyploids like autotriploid hybride sugar beet in europe and autotetraploid perennial ryegrass. but when grown together ... | 1979 | 550834 |
| incidence of fusarium moniliforme sheld. in zea mays l. in the rainforest zone of nigeria. | 45 seed samples from 7 states of the rainforest zone of nigeria (ogun, ondo, oyo, bendel, anambra, imo, and cross river) were screened for phytopathogen incidence. whereas drechslera maydis was found in 30 and cephalosporium maydis in 79% of the samples were infected by fusarium moniliforme, with 70% of the samples showing heavy infection. in view of the widespread nature of this economically important fungus on maize in the main cultivation area of nigeria, the necessity for routine laboratory ... | 1979 | 550860 |
| an outbreak of white muscle disease in lambs born of ewes on a zero grazing system in natal. | white muscle disease appeared in lambs born of ewes in the zero grazing group during the course of a comparative fertility trial on ewes on various systems of husbandry. analysis of the feed showed barely adequate selenium in the maize silage and a deficiency in the soil on which the high lysine maize was grown. treatment of the lambs with a selenium/vitamin e injection rapidly controlled the condition. this deficiency may be more widespread than is presently realised. | 1979 | 551200 |
| l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (maize, potato, and rhodotorula glutinis) explaining the kinetic effects of substrate modification by linear free-energy relationships. | | 1977 | 558738 |
| ultrastructural effects of helminthosporium maydis race t toxin on mitochondria of corn roots and protoplasts. | zea mays inbred w64a in texas (t, toxin sensitive) male sterile and non-male sterile (n, toxin resistant) cytoplasms were utilized. roots of freshly germinated seeds were treated for 15 min of 2 hr with culture filtrate from liquid grown helminthosporium maydis race t, or with a chloroform extractable purified fraction from the culture filtrate. in the susceptible w64a t line, toxin treatment, both crude and purified, caused swelling and loss of matrix densiy in mitochondria of root cap and vacu ... | 1977 | 561458 |
| mycotoxicological investigations on zambian maize. | | 1978 | 564851 |
| [parasitic fusaria in corn an attempts to isolate phytoestrogens from them]. | a total of 123 fungus strains of the fusarium genus were found in 181 samples of maize. fusarium moniliforme was most frequently isolated. it was found that 14 of the strains produced f-2 toxin. experiments were carried out with 50 male and female guinea pigs. each of the test animals was given orally 0.2 ml (daily, in the course of twenty days) crude toxin obtained through growing the fungus--selected strains--on sterile maize flour. it was established that most of the tested toxins affected th ... | 1977 | 565100 |
| the problem of aflatoxic human disease in parts of india-epidemiological and ecological aspects. | an outbreak of a disease characterised by jaundice, rapidly developing ascites and portal hypertension associated with 20 p. 100 mortality rate was investigated in 1974. analysis of food samples revealed that the disease outbreak was due to the consumption of maize (corn) heavily infested with the fungus aspergillus flavus. unseasonal rains prior to harvest, chronic drought conditions, poor storage facilities and ignorance of dangers of consuming fungal contaminated food seem to have caused the ... | 1977 | 566071 |
| intensive fattening of beef cattle by stall feeding on the lilongwe plain, malawi. i. type of forage and level and type of supplementation. | experiments were undertaken with malawi zebu steers over three wet seasons to investigate the effects of feeding improved forages (zero grazed) and supplements on animal performance. the forages fed were guinea grass and pearl millet and the supplements maize: madeya (maize bran) or maize: madeya: cottonweed cake. the daily allowance of supplement was, on a dm basis, liveweight equivalent to 0-6, 1-1 or 1-5 per cent of cattle (1973, 1974). in 1975 the supplementation treatments were nil, maize: ... | 1977 | 578596 |
| toxicity of a moniliformin-producing strain of fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans isolated from maize. | | 1977 | 604234 |
| [maize pollen as a biostimulator and source of supplementary protein in poultry diets. 1. its effect on the development of broilers]. | | 1977 | 610215 |
| [maize pollen as a biostimulator and source of supplementary protein in poultry diets. 2. its effect on the growth of young replacement hens]. | | 1977 | 610216 |
| ethylene production during seed germination of some plants. | the volatile and gaseous exudates emanating during seed germination of cotton, maize, and broad bean were analyzed chromatographically for ethylene production. the amount of ethylene produced could be arranged in the following descending order: cotton, maize, broad bean. ethylene production decreases with the increase in the germinating seed age. | 1977 | 610230 |
| the digestibility of wheat starch and maize starch by the pre-ruminant calf. | | 1977 | 601020 |
| intensive fattening of beef cattle by stall feeding on the lilongwe plain, malawi. ii. utilisation of crop residues, crop by-products and leucaena. | experiments were conducted over three dry seasons to investigate the value for fattening beef cattle, of crop residues (maize stover, groundnut haulm) and madeya (maize bran) with varying levels of dried leucaena leaf or cottonseed cake. the inclusion of groundnut haulm in the roughage increased animal performance when madeya was restricted. increasing the protein content of the madeya supplement but restricting the quantity of madeya fed did not influence liveweight gain although the efficiency ... | 1977 | 595137 |
| relationship between fungal growth and aflatoxin production in varities of maize and groundnut. | | 1978 | 621329 |
| influence of dietary cereal and energy content on the accumulation of lipids in the liver in fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome in the fowl. | isocaloric diets supplying about 2900 kcal/kg and based on maize, wheat and barley respectively, were fed to pullets for 13 weeks from point of lay. the number of cases of subclinical fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome and the mean total lipid, triglyceride and monoglyceride content of the liver decreased in the above order of diets. the final body weight, weight gain and abdominal fat score followed the order wheat greater than maize greater than barley. reduction of the energy content of the wh ... | 1978 | 625604 |
| lipoprotein lipase activity in the tissues of guinea pigs exposed to different dietary fats from conception to three months of age. | long-term exposure of guinea pigs to a diet rich in maize oil caused an increase in adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. a similar diet rich in beef tallow had no such effect, and neither diet affected the enzyme activity in heart, lung, diaphragm or skeletal muscle. | 1978 | 629774 |
| the protein-sparing effect of carbohydrate. 1. nitrogen retention of growing pigs in relation to diet. | 1. measurements were made of the losses of nitrogen in the faeces and urine of sixty pigs of approximately 33 kg, given dietary regimens comprising twenty-nine combinations of fish flour (0-800 g/d) and maize starch (0-1200 g/d). 2. the results were used to develop a generalized equation describing n retention as a joint function of n intake and starch intake. 3. the protein-sparing effect of starch was exerted in all circumstances. it was greatest when protein intake exceeded 220 g/d but some e ... | 1977 | 588546 |
| [effect of the roughage sequence and concentrates in animal feed on carbohydrate digestion and bacterial protein synthesis in the rumen of dairy cows]. | in experiments with dairy cows provided with rumen fistulas and duodenal re-entrant canulas, the order of feeding roughage (chopped forage and pellets) and concentrates (maize and barley) was found to influence carbohydrate digestion and bacterial protein synthesis in the rumen. feeding the roughage 90 min. before the concentrate caused a wider c2:c3 ratio and a sustained course of the ph-value (greater than 6.5) than the ratio other way round. this favoured cellulose digestion in the rumen when ... | 1978 | 637728 |
| effects of liquid feeding of concentrate from a pail on growth and on the digestibility of the diet in young calves. | 1. studies were done on the effects of giving calves two types of concentrate diet, both in a liquid form from an open pail or in a dry pelleted form, on the closure of oesophageal groove, body-weight gains and the digestibility of rations. 2. twenty-four holstein calves were used in an experiment by dividing into two groups of twelve calves each. the 'dry-fed' group (dfg) was given a pelleted concentrate, f1, from 25 to 42 d of age, and then given another type of pelleted concentrate, f2, from ... | 1978 | 638117 |
| studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs. 2. measurements of the flow of dry matter, ash and water. | 1. digesta were collected from twenty-three pigs, initially of 30 kg live weight, and fitted with single ash re-entrant cannulas in either the duodenum, jejunum or ileum. a further twenty-four pigs were used in a conventional digestibility trial. 2. the diets contained: barley, fine wheat offal, white fish meal, minerals and vitamins (diet bwf); starch, sucrose, maize oil, cellulose, minerals, vitamins and either groundnut (diet ssg) or casein (diet ssc). 3. the flow-rates of dry matter (dm), as ... | 1978 | 638121 |
| [new analytic criteria for the characterization of wines]. | isotopic analysis, determination of radioactivity are factors allowing a better characterization of wines. the analysis of the composition in stable isotopes of the constituants of wine can provide new analytic criteria for characterizing wines. thus, the concentration of 13c in ethanol can allow the disclosure of an addition of cane sugar or maize sugar to the musts. a study of the composition in stable isotopes of the water of wines of a certain region made it possible to show a correlation be ... | 1978 | 573085 |
| necessity of vitamin b12 for growth of rats fed on an odd- or even-carbon-number fat. | 1. the effect of vitamin b12 on growth was studied in young male and female rats fed on diets sufficient (+b12) or deficient (-b12) in vitamin b12 containing 30% of the dietary energy as fat, either maize oil (co) or triundecanoin (tud). 2. vitamin b12 deficiency severely depressed growth. after 6 weeks the weight gain of co(-b12) rats was only 72% of that of co(+b12) rats and the gain of tud(-b12) rats was only 47% of tud(+b12) rats. 3. after fasting 24 or 96 h tud-fed rats, both +b12 and -b12, ... | 1978 | 638128 |
| [determination of lysine requirement in growing rats as based on the catabolism rate of 14-c- and 15-n-labeled lysine]. | male wistar rats (weighing some 80 g at the start of the experiment) were fed diets containing maize gluten as protein carrier and which was supplemented with amino acids (except lysine) in such way that their concentrations came up to the requirement norms. lysine was gradually supplemented this resulting in 10 diets of different lysine content (1.6-10.6 g lysine/16 g n). on the 7th experimental day, 4 animals of each group were labelled with 14c-lysine and subjected to 2-hour measuring of 14co ... | 1978 | 556575 |
| influence of starches from different sources on protein utilization in rats. | 1. the role of the starch component of cereals and legumes on the utilization of casein-protein was studied. 2. in comparison with maize starch the legume and potato starches caused a significant lowering of net protein utilization (npu). and this reduction in npu could be partially restored by cooking the diets before they were fed to the rats. 3. it is suggested that in npu studies involving rats the experimental diet should always be cooked so that the conclusions drawn may be applicable to h ... | 1978 | 666992 |
| light microscopy observations of tetrazolium-reducing bacteria in the endorhizosphere of maize and other grasses in brazil. | roots of field-grown tropical maize, panicum maximum jacq. and digitaria decumbens stent., and of sorghum and wheat grown in monoxenic culture with the diazotroph spirillum lipoferum (syn. azospirillum spp.) were examined for tetrazolium-reducing bacteria following incubation of roots in a malate-phosphate buffer-2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride medium. bacteria were observed between and in cells of the cortex, in intercellular spaces between the cortex and endodermis, in xylem cells, and in ... | 1978 | 667740 |
| parallel changes between lipoprotein lipase activating capacity and lipid concentrations in the serum of rats and ferrets during development and dietary manipulation. | 1. the lipoprotein lipase activating capacity of serum from 5 to 22 day old rats and male ferrets fed on diets rich in either beef tallow or maize oil was significantly correlated with the triglyceride concentration in the serum. 2. these increases in activating capacity associated with increased serum triglyceride concentrations were similar to those reported for human serum. | 1978 | 668264 |
| [feed conversion and the energy requirement of pregnant heifers]. | eight holstein heifers were subjected to experiments running over the entire pregnancy period to investigate the conversion of rations mainly made up of maize silage (85% of the ration's dry matter) by the experimental animals. both digestible and metabolizable energy (me) and the energy requirement were studied. the live weight (lw) of the heifers was found to rise linearly during the entire pregnancy period being 422 kg at service and reaching 565 kg at calving. feed intake, referred to 1 kg l ... | 1978 | 678113 |
| [nutrient composition of some newly bred high protein and/or high lysine grains and their digestibility determined on growing pigs]. | with the view to complementing the feedstuff data store and, consequently, to further improving the gdr feed evaluation system, some newly bred high-protein and/or high-lysine cereal varieties and strains (spring barley, winter wheat, maize) were studied for their nutrient composition and digestibility. apart from from weender's feed analysis technique, more recent methods were applied to determine total fat (after hcl treatment), carbohydrates (enzymatic method), lignin and amino acids. the dig ... | 1978 | 678116 |
| some aspects of feeding of brood gilts and sows. | the amounts of feed required during each of the reproductive phases are graphically illustrated and supported by specific recommendations where possible with discussion of the underlying rationale and of the often conflicting considerations. for flushing, an increase of 50 to 100% of energy requirements above maintenance level is recommended, supplied, for example, by one to two kg maize extra per day during the week before expected oestrus, in order to increase the ovulation rate. during pregna ... | 1979 | 551191 |
| population, food and nutrition during the remainder of this century: part ii. south africa. | whether south africa can grow enough food over the next 20 years to meet the needs of a population estimated to be increasing by up to 1 million a year depends primarily on the extent, nature and condition of its natural resources and secondly on how they will be conserved and used. these, together with other relevant matters, are the subjects considered for both white and black areas, especially as they affect the production of our basic foodstuff--maize. the maize production potential of the h ... | 1979 | 542882 |
| selective infection of maize roots by streptomycin-resistant azospirillum lipoferum and other bacteria. | the percentage of low-level streptomycin-resistant (20 microgram/ml) bacteria in surface-sterilized or washed maize roots was more than a thousand times higher than that in soil populations. there was also a higher incidence of resistant bacteria in rhizosphere as compared with non-rhizosphere soil and bacteria isolated from maize roots were relatively tolerant to several other antibiotics. azospirillum lipoferum was predominant in surface-sterilized roots of field-grown maize and was low-level ... | 1979 | 540253 |
| effect of amino acid(s) and pulse supplementation on nutritional quality of normal and modified opaque-2 maize (zea mays l.). | | 1979 | 512234 |
| purification and partial characterization of maize mosaic virus. | leaf extracts containing maize mosaic virus (mmv) were purified by treatment with activated charcoal followed by filtration through celite. virus was concentrated from the filtrate by sedimentation onto a sucrose pad and then further purified by centrifugation in a 20--50% continuous sucrose density gradient. buoyant density of virus particles in sucrose solution was 1.181 g/ml. nucleic acid extracted from virus preparations reacted with orcinol and behaved like rna in pederson's diphenylamine t ... | 1979 | 429149 |
| [effect of metal ions on the lipolytic activity of rhizopus microsporus]. | various metal ions have different effect on the lipolytic activity of rhizopus microsporus in the course of cultivation on nutrient media having diverse composition. the fungus particulary requires metal ions for the production of lipase on a mineral medium. additional introduction of microelements into a medium containing maize extract has no significant effect on the lipolytic activity. active biosynthesis of lipase by the culture requires zinc. | 1978 | 745554 |
| identification of erwinia sp., causing stalk rot of maize in egypt. | the physiological characteristics, pathogenic propensities, and the sensitivity towards certain antibiotics of the causal bacterium of stalk rot of maize, isolated in egypt, were studied. different isolates of erwinia carotovora and e. atroseptica were included for comparative studies. the antibiotic sensitivity tests (including erythromycin) are of no value in differentiating between e. carotovora and e. atroseptica. the cultures of the causal bacterium of stalk rot of maize showed physiologica ... | 1978 | 749412 |
| liquid culture of diplodia maydis. | diplodia maydis, a zea mays l. stalk rot causing fungus, was grown in czapek-dox broth and modifications of fries liquid media using combinations of 1% cellulose, 1% sucrose and ammonium or nitrate-nitrogen. conditions are defined to yield consistently maximum mycelial dry weight in two days in contrast to the usually reported five-day incubation period. | 1978 | 756952 |
| mutagenicity of atrazine: a maize-microbe bioassay. | a water-soluble extract from maize plants grown in the presence of atrazine contained a mutagenic agent(s) when tested on strains of yeast. atrazine alone or control plants not treated with atrazine did not express mutagenic properties. the reversion frequency at the waxy locus in pollen grains from plants grown in atrazine was higher than in control plants. we suggest that atrazine may be degraded by the plant into environmental mutagenic agents. | 1976 | 781535 |
| prevention of folate deficiency by food fortification. ii. absorption of folic acid from fortified staple foods. | the absorption of folic acid from maize, rice and bread fortified with pteroylglutamic acid was compared with that of an aqueous solution of pteroylglutamic acid in the same subjects. feeding fortified maize and rice produced similar increments in folic acid concentration, which were approximately half those observed with the pteroylglutamic acid solution. fortified bread produced a lower increment. pteroylglutamic acid was found to resist destruction by boiling and baking at temperatures and ti ... | 1975 | 805518 |
| microflora of maize prepared as tortillas. | very little is known of the microflora in tortillas, the major component in the diet of many guatemalans and other central americans. based in a guatemalan highland indian village, this study examined the types and amounts of bacteria, yeasts, and molds in tortillas and in their maize precursors. coliforms, bacillus cereus, two species of staphylococcus, and many types of yeast were the main contaminants, but low concentrations of alpha-hemolytic streptococcus, facultative clostridium, and other ... | 1975 | 808168 |
| [energetic requirements of finch populations (fringilla montifringilla) in relation to the cultivation of maize (zea mais) in france from 1955 to 1973)]. | a study of the relations between the size of the concentrations observed and the primary production shows the roles played in the adaptation of a species to a new habitat by quantity of energy produced by the habitat, sociability of the birds, and circulation of information between individuals. | 1975 | 813857 |
| [the effect of continuous rearing on an artificial diet on the physiology of a lepidopteran, ostrinia nubilalis hübner]. | rearing on an artificial diet during 20 successive generations had important consequences on the physiology of a lepidopteran, ostrinia nubilalis hbn. this laboratory strain was found less virulent than the one from nature. if the causes of this weakness can be of genetic as well as of pathological origin, it is probable that such strains cannot be utilized, without risk, in the studies on resistance of maize lines. | 1976 | 816540 |
| [use of feed mixture with a higher content of plant proteins in piglets during the weaning period]. | two experiments with 56 piglets and pilot trial on 84 piglets were performed to demonstrate that it is possible to replace the complete mixture for early piglet weaning (cos-1, or cos-2) by an experimental mixture without fish meal, with a higher proportion of soya and maize, supplemented by lysine and methionine; this mixture is to be fed to piglets in the weaning period. the weight gain dropped in both basic experiments after weaning, especially in the group with a higher content of nitrogenou ... | 1976 | 829003 |
| phenylalanine ammonia-lyase: enzymic conversion of 3-(1,4-cyclohexadienyl)-l-alanine to trans-3-(1,4-cyclohexadienyl)acrylic acid. | the phenylalanine analogue 3-(1,4-cyclohexadienyl)-l-alanine is converted to the hitherto unknown cinnamate analogue trans-3-(1,4-cyclohexadienyl)acrylic acid by l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (ec 4.3.1.5) from maize, potato, or rhodotorula glutinis. the structure assigned to the product is confirmed by its 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and by the chemical synthesis to be described in a subsequent paper. on comparing the above substrate analogue with l-phenylalanine, the km was lowered o ... | 1979 | 427124 |
| [attempts at the determination of endogenous and exogenous fecal proportions in monogastric animals]. | a trial was made with growing wistar rats receivine 15n labelled tracers. the animals were fed maize grains (opaque). subsequently, the level of urinary and faecal n excretion was measured and the 15n frequency was determined in the urine, faeces and different blood fractions. on the basis of the model established by czarnetzki for the nitrogen metabolism in monogastric animals the estimated values were used to calculate the proportion of endogenic faecal n in the total amount of faecal nitroge ... | 1977 | 843228 |
| [niacin efficiency in zein base diets]. | lots of growing or adult rats consume ad libitum diets based on zein (12 p. 100 of protein) (diets a), or on zein partially supplemented by lysine and tryptophan (= protein quality of maize) (diets b), or on zein supplemented by amino acids to fill its deficiencies totally (diets c). the diets contain 15 mg of niacine per kg. the diets a 1, b 1 and c 1 receive an addition of 10 mg of supplementary niacin. the efficiency is estimated by the amount of niacin and tryptophan in blood plasma and in l ... | 1977 | 844944 |
| [efficiency of various b vitamins in zein base diets]. | lots of growing rats consume ad libitum rations based on zein (diets a), or zein partially supplemented in lysine and tryptophan (= protein quality of maize) (diets b), or zein supplemented in amino acids to fill totally its deficiencies (diets c). the diets contain 15 mg of niacin, 1.5 mg of thiamine, 2.5 mg of riboflavin and 1.5 mg of pyridoxine per kg. the efficiency of these vitamins is estimated according to their hepatic amounts. compared with the diet a, the liver of animals of diet b con ... | 1977 | 844946 |
| studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs. 6. measurements of the flow of amino acids. | 1. digesta were collected from seventeen pigs initially of 30 kg live weight fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in either the duodenum, jejunum or ileum. a further twenty-four pigs were used in a conventional digestibility trial. 2. the pigs received three types of diet containing: barley, fine wheat offal, white fish meal, minerals and vitamins (diet bwf); starch, sucrose, maize, oil, cellulose, minerals and vitamins and either groundnut (diet ssg) or casein (diet ssc). 3. amino acids were ... | 1979 | 420746 |
| studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs. 5. measurements of the flow of nitrogen. | 1. digesta were collected from twenty-three pigs, initially of 30 kg live weight, and fitted with single ash re-entrant cannulas in either the duodenum, jejunum or ileum. a further twenty-four pigs were used in a conventional digestibility trial. 2. three approximately isonitrogenous diets were used; they contained: barley, fine wheat ofal, white fish meal, minerals and vitamins (diet bwf), starch, sucrose, maize oil, cellulose, minerals, vitamins and either groundnut (diet ssg) or casein (diet ... | 1979 | 420745 |
| comparison of a nitrate reductase-inactivating enzyme from the maize root with a protease form yeast which inactivates tryptophan synthase. | a maize root fraction which inactivates nitrate reductase has been shown to have protease activity which can be measured by the hydrolysis of azocasein. this inactivating enzyme was also found to inactivate yeast tryptophan synthase. yeast proteases a and b, which inactivate this latter enzyme, also gave a specific inactivation of the maize nitrate reductase. the maize root inactivating enzyme, like yeast protease b, degraded casein, and was inhibited by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride. a partial ... | 1978 | 352401 |
| effect of diet on the metabolism of labelled tocopherol in sheep. | 1. eighteen crossbred wethers were allotted at random (six per treatment) to each of the following diets: (1) maize-silage; (2) grass-silage; and (3) chopped hay. after 6 months a single oral dose of d-alpha-[5-me-3h]tocopherol was given to each sheep on these three treatments. 2. blood plasma, rumen liquor and urine radioactivity were measured for 4 d and, at the end of this period, the animals were killed and tissue distribution of 3h was determined. 3. maize-silage generally contained less al ... | 1977 | 870021 |
| [unsaponifiable extract of zea mays l. insadol in oral surgery]. | | 1978 | 292031 |
| [causes of degeneration of cultures of thermoactinomyces vulgaris]. | passage of cultures of thermoactinomyces vulgaris on a peptone-maize medium causes their degeneration which is manifested in an impaired formation of the sporulating aerial mycelium, and in an increase of the amount of non-germinating spores in populations. the process of degeneration depends on the following conditions: the location of the inoculated material (spores) on the surface of a solid growth medium, which is determined by the technique of inoculation; the state of the spores (degenerat ... | 1977 | 882014 |
| [degradation of cellulose by micromonospores]. | sodium benzoate is suggested as an inhibitor of cellulose decomposing bacteria and fungi for detecting and counting micromonospores. cellulose decomposing micromonospores were found in the zone adjacent to the roots of winter wheat and maize; their number, cellulose decomposing activity, morphological, physiological, and antagonistic properties were determined. pasteurization of the material taken from colonies grown on cellulose is recommended for isolation of pure cultures. | 1977 | 895557 |
| intensive fattening of beef cattle on rhodes grass pastures on the lilongwe plain, malawi. | beef fattening experiments were conducted in two wet seasons with malawi zebu (mz) and friesian x malawi zebu (f x mz) steers grazing nitrogen-fertilised rhodes grass pastures. the effects of stocking rate (5,7-5 or 10 steers/ha) and level of supplement (maize: madeya (maize bran) fed to steers at either 0-6 or 1-5 per cent of liveweight) were investigated over a 100 day period. neither stocking rate nor supplement had an effect on daily liveweight gain but gain per hectare increased significant ... | 1977 | 906096 |