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further studies concerning the toxicity of ingested ergot sclerotia (claviceps purpurea) to young and growing pigs.in three experiments pigs were offered diets contaminated with milled ergot sclerotia. in a metabolism study 0-5 per cent (w/w) of american wheat ergot decreased urinary nitrogen losses and improved the efficiency of nitrogen retention. when early weaned piglets ingested a diet contaminated with 2-5 per cent of the ergot, feed intake was reduced and growth rate decreased. reduction in growth rate was also evident in growing pigs given a diet containing ergotised english wheat. these latter pigs ...1977860090
purification and characterization of a lipoxygenase enzyme from durum wheat semolina.purification of a lipoxygenase enzyme from the cultivar tresor of durum wheat semolina (triticum turgidum var. durum desf) was reinvestigated furnishing a new procedure. the 895-fold purified homogeneous enzyme showed a monomeric structure with a molecular mass of 95 +/- 5 kda. among the substrates tested, linoleic acid showed the highest k(cat)/k(m) value; a beta-carotene bleaching activity was also detected. the enzyme optimal activity was at ph 6. 8 on linoleic acid as substrate and at ph 5.2 ...199910552472
isolation of a cdna encoding a granule-bound 152-kilodalton starch-branching enzyme in wheat.screening of a wheat (triticum aestivum) cdna library for starch-branching enzyme i (sbei) genes combined with 5'-rapid amplification of cdna ends resulted in isolation of a 4,563-bp composite cdna, sbe1c. based on sequence alignment to characterized sbei cdna clones isolated from plants, the sbeic predicted from the cdna sequence was produced with a transit peptide directing the polypeptide into plastids. furthermore, the predicted mature form of sbeic was much larger (152 kd) than previously c ...200010982440
the effect of plant height on tan spot on durum wheat in southern saskatchewan.tan spot [caused by pyrenophora tritici-repentis (died.) drechs.] is the most important leaf disease of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum). most of the durum cultivars in western canada are of conventional height but development of shorter cultivars is desirable. changes in microenvironment resulting from a height reduction might cause greater leaf spot development. the effect of plant height on tan spot of durum wheat was determined in five pairs of genotypes near-isogenic for plant ...200211756267
a fertile amphiploid between durum wheat (triticum turgidum) and the x agroticum amphiploid (agropyron cristatum x t. tauschii).agropyron (gaertn) is a genus of triticeae which includes the crested wheatgrass complex, i.e. a. cristatum (l.) as representative species containing the p genome. this species is an important source for increase the genetic variability of both durum and bread wheat. among the possible interesting features to be introgressed into wheat are resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus, rust diseases, and tolerance to drought, cold and moderate salinity. by crossing tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum ...200112152332
the effects of chromosomes 3a and 3b on resistance to fusarium head blight in tetraploid wheat.fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in areas where the weather is warm and humid after heading. previous studies indicate that the level of resistance to fhb varies not only among wheat cultivars but also among some of their wild relatives. no accession, however, has yet been identified to be completely immune to fhb among the gramineae. it is known that durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. conv. durum) is consistently more susc ...200112152348
identification of the wheat seed protein cm3 as a highly active emulsifier using a novel functional screen.lyophilized albumin protein fractions were prepared from flour of four varieties of wheat: triticum aestivum cvs. mercia and riband, triticum aestivum var. spelta, and triticum turgidum var. durum (kamut). the dry powders were redissolved in sodium phosphate buffers at ph 3.0, 6.5, or 8.0 and at ionic strengths of 0.1 or 1.0 m to a concentration of 0.1% (w/v). emulsions formed by sonication of protein solutions with n-hexadecane were aged at room temperature and separated into aqueous, interstit ...200312643668
a new hessian fly resistance gene (h30) transferred from the wild grass aegilops triuncialis to hexaploid wheat.a new hessian fly (mayetiola destructor say) resistance gene from aegilops triuncialis and its transfer to hexaploid wheat via interspecific hybridisation is described. the transfer line tr-3531 (42 chromosomes), derived from the cross [(triticum turgidum x ae. triuncialis) x triticum aestivum] and carrying the heterodera avenae resistance gene cre7, showed a high level of resistance to the m. destructor biotype prevailing in the sw of spain. a single dominant gene (h30) seems to determine the h ...200312748776
phenotypic assessment and mapped markers for h31, a new wheat gene conferring resistance to hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae).a new source of resistance to the highly virulent and widespread biotype l of the hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), was identified in an accession of tetraploid durum wheat, triticum turgidum desf., and was introgressed into hexaploid common wheat, triticum aestivum l. genetic analysis and deletion mapping revealed that the common wheat line contained a single locus for resistance, h31, residing at the terminus of chromosome 5bs. h31 is the first hessian fly-resistance gene to be placed o ...200312928782
extension of the messapia x dicoccoides linkage map of triticum turgidum (l.) thell.a set of recombinant inbred lines (ril) derived from a cross between the cultivar messapia of durum wheat (triticum turgidum var. durum) and the accession mg4343 of t. turgidum var. dicoccoides was analysed to increase the number of assigned markers and the resolution of the previously constructed genetic linkage map. an updated map of the durum wheat genome consisting of 458 loci was constructed. these loci include 261 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps), 91 microsatellites (simpl ...200415332129
genetic characterization and molecular mapping of a hessian fly-resistance gene transferred from t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum to common wheat.a gene (temporarily designated hdic) conferring resistance to the hessian fly (hf) [mayetiola destructor (say)] was previously identified from an accession of german cultivated emmer wheat [triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (schrank ex schübler) thell] pi 94641, and was transferred to the hf-resistant wheat germplasm ks99wgrc42. the inheritance of hdic resistance exhibited incomplete penetrance because phenotypes of some heterozygous progenies are fully resistant and the others are fully susceptib ...200516136351
comparative analysis in cereals of a key proline catabolism gene.proline accumulation and catabolism play significant roles in adaptation to a variety of plant stresses including osmotic stress, drought, temperature, freezing, uv irradiation, heavy metals and pathogen infection. in this study, the gene delta1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (p5cdh), which catalyzes the second step in the conversion of proline to glutamate, is characterized in a number of cereal species. p5cdh genes from hexaploid wheat, triticum turgidum (durum wheat), aegilops tauschi ...200516179990
map-based analysis of genes affecting the brittle rachis character in tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum l.).the mature spike rachis of wild emmer [triticum turgidum l. ssp. dicoccoides (körn. ex asch. and graebner) thell.] disarticulates spontaneously between each spikelet leading to the dispersion of wedge-type diaspores. by contrast, the spike rachis of domesticated emmer (triticum turgidum l. ssp. turgidum) fails to disarticulate and remains intact until it is harvested. this major distinguishing feature between wild and domesticated emmer is controlled by two major genes, brittle rachis 2 (br-a2) ...200616328232
molecular characterization of a diagnostic dna marker for domesticated tetraploid wheat provides evidence for gene flow from wild tetraploid wheat to hexaploid wheat.all forms of domesticated tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum, genomes aabb) are nearly monomorphic for restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) haplotype a at the xpsr920 locus on chromosome 4a (xpsr920-a1a), and wild tetraploid wheat is monomorphic for haplotype b. the xpsr920-a1a/b dimorphism provides a molecular marker for domesticated and wild tetraploid wheat, respectively. hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, genomes aabbdd) is polymorphic for the 2 haplotypes. bacterial artificial ...200616675504
the structure of wild and domesticated emmer wheat populations, gene flow between them, and the site of emmer domestication.the domestication of emmer wheat (triticum turgidum spp. dicoccoides, genomes bbaa) was one of the key events during the emergence of agriculture in southwestern asia, and was a prerequisite for the evolution of durum and common wheat. single- and multilocus genotypes based on restriction fragment length polymorphism at 131 loci were analyzed to describe the structure of populations of wild and domesticated emmer and to generate a picture of emmer domestication and its subsequent diffusion acros ...200717318496
molecular characterization and chromosome-specific trap-marker development for langdon durum d-genome disomic substitution lines.the aneuploid stocks of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.) husnot) and common wheat (t. aestivum l.) have been developed mainly in 'langdon' (ldn) and 'chinese spring' (cs) cultivars, respectively. the ldn-cs d-genome chromosome disomic substitution (ldn-ds) lines, where a pair of cs d-genome chromosomes substitute for a corresponding homoeologous a- or b-genome chromosome pair of ldn, have been widely used to determine the chromosomal locations of genes in tetraploid wheat. ...200617426769
mapping of fhb resistance qtls in tetraploid wheat.triticum turgidum l var. durum is known to be particularly susceptible to infection by fusarium graminearum, the causal agent for fusarium head blight (fhb), which results in severe yield losses and grain contaminated with mycotoxins. this research was aimed at identifying fhb resistance in tetraploid wheat and mapping the location of fhb resistance genes. a tetraploid cross of durum wheat ('strongfield') x triticum carthlicum ('blackbird') was used to generate a doubled-haploid (dh) population. ...200617426773
efficient and rapid agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) using additional virulence genes.genetic transformation of wheat, using biolistics or agrobacterium, underpins a range of specific research methods for identifying genes and studying their function in planta. transgenic approaches to study and modify traits in durum wheat have lagged behind those for bread wheat. here we report the use of agrobacterium strain agl1, with additional vir genes housed in a helper plasmid, to transform and regenerate the durum wheat variety ofanto. the use of the basic psoup helper plasmid with no a ...200817638109
radiation hybrid (rh) and happy mapping in plants.radiation hybrid (rh) and happy mapping are two technologies used in animal systems that have attracted the attention of the plant genetics community because they bridge the resolution gap between meiotic and bac-based physical mapping that would facilitate the analysis of plant species lacking substantial genomics resources. research has shown that the essence of these approaches can be applied and that a variety of strategies can be used to produce mapping panels. mapping panels composed of li ...200818504352
identification of a novel fusarium head blight resistance quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7a in tetraploid wheat.abstract fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive diseases of durum (triticum turgidum sp. durum) and common wheat (t. aestivum). promising sources of fhb resistance have been identified among common (hexaploid) wheats, but the same is not true for durum (tetraploid) wheats. a previous study indicated that chromosome 7a from t. turgidum sp. dicoccoides accession pi478742 contributed significant levels of resistance to fhb. the objectives of this re ...200718943578
identification and genetic mapping of pm42, a new recessive wheat powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides).powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide in areas with cool or maritime climates. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is an important potential donor of disease resistances and other traits for common wheat improvement. a powdery mildew resistance gene was transferred from wild emmer accession g-303-1m to susceptible common wheat by crossing and backcrossing, resulting in inbred line p63 (yanda1817/g-303-1 m//3* ...200919407985
molecular identification of a new powdery mildew resistance gene pm41 on chromosome 3bl derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides).powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease in china and other parts of the world. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is the immediate progenitor of cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and thus an important resource for wheat improvement. wild emmer accession iw2 collected from mount hermon, israel, is highly resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult plant stages. genetic analysis using an f(2) segregating population and ...200919471905
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum cv stewart) with improved efficiency.an efficient agrobacterium-mediated durum wheat transformation system has been developed for the production of 121 independent transgenic lines. this improved system used agrobacterium strain agl1 containing the superbinary pgreen/psoup vector system and durum wheat cv stewart as the recipient plant. acetosyringone at 400 microm was added to both the inoculation and cultivation medium, and picloram at 10 mg l(-1) and 2 mg l(-1) was used in the cultivation and induction medium, respectively. comp ...201020202997
the influence of climate on durum wheat quality in tuscany, central italy.climate and meteorological conditions greatly affect agricultural activities, modifying plant responses and determining the quantity and the quality of production. in this respect, the aim of this research was to analyze the quality of winter durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum), in terms of protein content through the use of meteorological information. meteorological conditions were described utilizing both local weather station data (air temperature, cumulated precipitation) and large ...201120358232
genetic and comparative genomics mapping reveals that a powdery mildew resistance gene ml3d232 originating from wild emmer co-segregates with an nbs-lrr analog in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide and breeding for resistance using diversified disease resistance genes is the most promising approach to prevent outbreaks of powdery mildew. a powdery mildew resistance gene, originating from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) accessions collected from israel, has been transferred into the hexaploid wheat line 3d232 through crossing and backcrossing. inoculation res ...201020686747
nucleotide diversity maps reveal variation in diversity among wheat genomes and chromosomes.a genome-wide assessment of nucleotide diversity in a polyploid species must minimize the inclusion of homoeologous sequences into diversity estimates and reliably allocate individual haplotypes into their respective genomes. the same requirements complicate the development and deployment of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in polyploid species. we report here a strategy that satisfies these requirements and deploy it in the sequencing of genes in cultivated hexaploid wheat (triticum ...201021156062
identification and comparative mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) on chromosome 2bs.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is a valuable genetic resource for improving disease resistance in common wheat. a powdery mildew resistance gene conferring resistance to b. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate e09 at the seedling and adult stages was identified in wild emmer accession iw170 introduced from israel. an incomplete dominant gene, temporarily designated mliw170, ...201122170431
genetic mapping of stem rust resistance gene sr13 in tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum l.).wheat stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, can cause significant yield losses. to combat the disease, breeders have deployed resistance genes both individually and in combinations to increase resistance durability. a new race, ttksk (ug99), identified in uganda in 1999 is virulent on most of the resistance genes currently deployed, and is rapidly spreading to other regions of the world. it is therefore important to identify, map, and deploy resistance genes that are still effect ...201120857083
identification and mapping of pmg16, a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer wheat.the gene-pool of wild emmer wheat, triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, harbors a rich allelic repertoire for disease resistance. in the current study, we made use of tetraploid wheat mapping populations derived from a cross between durum wheat (cv. langdon) and wild emmer (accession g18-16) to identify and map a new powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer wheat. initially, the two parental lines were screened with a collection of 42 isolates of blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bg ...201020407741
resistance to meloidogyne spp. in allohexaploid wheat derived from triticum turgidum and aegilops squarrosa.expression of resistance to meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica from aegilops squarrosa was studied in a synthetic allohexaploid produced from triticum turgidum var. durum cv. produra and ae. squarrosa g 3489. the reproductive rate of different races of m. incognita and m. javanica, expressed in eggs per gram of fresh root, was low (p < 0.05) on the synthetic allohexaploid and the resistant parent, ae. squarrosa g 3489, compared with different bread and durum wheat cultivars. reproduction of r ...198919287575
cadmium concentration in durum wheat grain (triticum turgidum) as influenced by nitrogen rate, seeding date and soil type.cadmium (cd) is a trace element that has been associated with various human health problems. cd enters plants, either by direct absorption through leaves or by uptake from soils, allowing cd into the food chain. nitrogen (n) fertilizer management is important in optimizing crop yield and protein content of durum wheat, but may influence cd availability and hence cd concentration in crops, with the effects being strongly influenced by environmental conditions and crop cultivar.201020355117
tmkp1 is a novel wheat stress responsive map kinase phosphatase localized in the nucleus.the regulation of plant signalling responses by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks)-mediated protein phosphorylation is well recognized. map kinase phosphatases (mkps) are negative regulators of mapks in eukaryotes. we report here the identification and the characterization of tmkp1, the first wheat mkp (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum). expression profile analyses performed in two durum wheat cultivars showing a marked difference in salt and drought stress tolerance, revealed a differen ...201020204675
mechanism of degradation of immunogenic gluten epitopes from triticum turgidum l. var. durum by sourdough lactobacilli and fungal proteases.as shown by r5 antibody-based sandwich and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), selected sourdough lactobacilli, in combination with fungal proteases, hydrolyzed gluten (72 h at 37 degrees c) of various cultivars of triticum turgidum l. var. durum to less than 20 ppm. complementary electrophoretic, chromatography, and mass spectrometry techniques were used to characterize the gluten and epitope hydrolysis. nine peptidases were partially purified from the pooled cytoplasmic extr ...201019948868
genome-wide association mapping for seedling and field resistance to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in elite durum wheat.genome-wide association analysis in tetraploid wheat revealed novel and diverse loci for seedling and field resistance to stripe rust in elite spring durum wheat accessions from worldwide. improving resistance to stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a major objective for wheat breeding. to identify effective stripe rust resistance loci, a genome-wide association study (gwas) was conducted using 232 elite durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) lines from worldwide br ...201728039515
identification and molecular mapping of a gene conferring resistance to pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 3 in tetraploid wheat.abstract race 3 of the fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis, causal agent of tan spot, induces differential symptoms in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, causing necrosis and chlorosis, respectively. this study was conducted to examine the genetic control of resistance to necrosis induced by p. tritici-repentis race 3 and to map resistance genes identified in tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum). a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (rils) was developed from a cross between the resistan ...200618943754
genetic studies of leaf and stem rust resistance in six accessions of triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides.six accessions of triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides l. (4x, aabb) of diverse origin were tested with 10 races of leaf rust (puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici rob. ex desm.) and 10 races of stem rust (p. graminis f.sp. tritici eriks. &henn.). their infection type patterns were all different from those of lines carrying the lr or sr genes on the a or b genome chromosomes with the same races. the unique reaction patterns are probably controlled by genes for leaf rust or stem rust resistance that ha ...199418470084
differentiation among blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates originating from wild versus domesticated triticum species in israel.israel and its vicinity constitute a center of diversity of domesticated wheat species (triticum aestivum and t. durum) and their sympatrically growing wild relatives, including wild emmer wheat (t. dicoccoides). we investigated differentiation within the forma specialis of their obligate powdery mildew pathogen, blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. a total of 61 b. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates were collected from the three host species in four geographic regions of israel. genetic relatedness ...201627019062
multiple avirulence loci and allele-specific effector recognition control the pm3 race-specific resistance of wheat to powdery mildew.in cereals, several mildew resistance genes occur as large allelic series; for example, in wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum), 17 functional pm3 alleles confer agronomically important race-specific resistance to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis). the molecular basis of race specificity has been characterized in wheat, but little is known about the corresponding avirulence genes in powdery mildew. here, we dissected the genetics of avirulence for six pm3 alleles and found that three ...201526452600
molecular mapping of the novel powdery mildew resistance gene pm36 introgressed from triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides in durum wheat.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases in many regions of the world. triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides (2n=4x=aabb), the progenitor of cultivated wheats, shows particular promises as a donor of useful genetic variation for several traits, including disease resistances. the wild emmer accession mg29896, resistant to powdery mildew, was backcrossed to the susceptible durum wheat cultivar latino, and a set of backcross inbred lines (b ...200818392800
selection and breeding of plant cultivars to minimize cadmium accumulation.natural variation occurs in the uptake and distribution of essential and nonessential trace elements among crop species and among cultivars within species. such variation can be responsible for trace element deficiencies and toxicities, which in turn can affect the quality of food. plant breeding can be an important tool to both increase the concentration of desirable trace elements and reduce that of potentially harmful trace elements such as cadmium (cd). selection programs for a low-cd conten ...200818036635
molecular mapping of resistance genes to tan spot [pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 1] in synthetic wheat lines.synthetic wheat lines (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd), which are amphiploids developed from the hybrid between tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum l., 2n = 4x = 28, aabb) and aegilops tauschii coss. (2n = 2x = 14, dd), are important sources of resistance against tan spot of wheat caused by pyrenophora tritici-repentis. in the present study, inheritance, allelism and genetic linkage analysis in synthetic wheat lines have been carried out. segregation analysis of the phenotypic and molecular data in f(2:3) ...200717219206
physical mapping of dna markers linked to stem rust resistance gene sr47 in durum wheat.markers linked to stem rust resistance gene sr47 were physically mapped in three small aegilops speltoides chromosomal bins. five markers, including two pcr-based snp markers, were validated for marker-assisted selection. in durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum), the gene sr47 derived from aegilops speltoides conditions resistance to race ttksk (ug99) of the stem rust pathogen (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici). sr47 is carried on small interstitial translocation chromosomes (ti2bl-2sl-2b ...201728286900
development of a diagnostic co-dominant marker for stem rust resistance gene sr47 introgressed from aegilops speltoides into durum wheat.a robust and diagnostic sts marker for stem rust resistance gene sr47 was developed and validated for marker-assisted selection. stem rust (caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, pgt) resistance gene sr47, originally transferred from aegilops speltoides to durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) line das15, confers a high level of resistance to pgt race ttksk (ug99). recently, the durum rusty 5d(5b) substitution line was used to reduce the ae. speltoides segment, and the resulting line ...201526260850
a consensus map for ug99 stem rust resistance loci in wheat.this consensus map of stem rust genes, qtls, and molecular markers will facilitate the identification of new resistance genes and provide a resource of in formation for development of new markers for breeding wheat varieties resistant to ug99. the global effort to identify new sources of resistance to wheat stem rust, caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race group ug99 has resulted in numerous studies reporting both qualitative genes and quantitative trait loci. the purpose of our study w ...201424903979
genetic characterization and molecular mapping of hessian fly resistance genes derived from aegilops tauschii in synthetic wheat.two synthetic hexaploid wheat lines (xaegilotriticum spp., 2n = 6x = 42, genomes aabbdd), sw8 and sw34, developed from the crosses of the durum wheat cultivar langdon (triticum turgidum l. var. durum, 2n = 4x = 28, genomes aabb) with two aegilops tauschii cosson accessions (2n = 2x = 14, genome dd), were determined to carry hessian fly [mayetiola destructor (say)] resistance genes derived from the ae. tauschii parents. sw8 was resistant to the hessian fly biotype great plains (gp) and strain vh1 ...200616775694
cell wall traits as potential resources to improve resistance of durum wheat against fusarium graminearum.fusarium graminearum, one of the causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb, scab), leads to severe losses in grain yield and quality due to the production of mycotoxins which are harmful to human and livestock. different traits for fhb resistance in wheat were identified for common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) while the sources of fhb resistance in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), one of the cereals most susceptible to f. graminearum infection, have not been found. new lines of evide ...201525597920
role of cytoplasm-specific introgression in the evolution of the polyploid wheats.studies of n-banded mitotic and meiotic karyotypes of triticum turgidum l. (2n = 28; aabb) and triticum timopheevii zhuk. (2n = 28; aagg) and hybrids between them, along with observations of meiotic pairing between telocentrics of the ab-genome chromosomes and their respective homologues and homeologues in t. timopheevii, showed that chromosome 4 (m4) of triticum monococcum l. is present (as 4a(t)) in t. timopheevii but is lacking in t. turgidum. neither 4a nor 4b pairs with 4a(t), but 4a pairs ...198716578821
physical map of the wheat high-grain protein content gene gpc-b1 and development of a high-throughput molecular marker.grain protein content (gpc) is important for human nutrition and has a strong influence on pasta and bread quality. a quantitative trait locus, derived from a triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides accession (dic), with an average increase in gpc of 14 g kg(-1) was mapped on chromosome 6bs. using the wheat-rice colinearity, a high-density map of the wheat region was developed and the quantitative trait locus was mapped as a simple mendelian locus designated gpc-b1. a physical map of approx. 250 kb o ...200616441756
processing of wild cereal grains in the upper palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis.barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheat (triticum monococcum l. and triticum turgidum l.) were among the principal 'founder crops' of southwest asian agriculture. two issues that were central to the cultural transition from foraging to food production are poorly understood. they are the dates at which human groups began to routinely exploit wild varieties of wheat and barley, and when foragers first utilized technologies to pound and grind the hard, fibrous seeds of these and other plants to turn ...200415295598
precise mapping of a locus affecting grain protein content in durum wheat.grain protein content (gpc) is an important factor in pasta and breadmaking quality, and in human nutrition. it is also an important trait for wheat growers because premium prices are frequently paid for wheat with high gpc. a promising source for alleles to increase gpc was detected on chromosome 6b of triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides accession fa-15-3 (dic). two previous quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies found that the positive effect of dic-6b was associated to a single locus located b ...200312923624
cadmium absorption and retention by rats fed durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) grain.a whole-body radioassay procedure was used to assess the retention and apparent absorption by rats of cd in kernels of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) harvested from plants grown hydroponically in 109cd-labelled nutrient solution. wholegrain wheat, containing 5 micromol cd (570 microg)/kg dry weight labelled intrinsically with 109cd, was incorporated into test meals fed to rats that had been maintained on diets containing marginally adequate, adequate or surplus levels of zn (0.12 ...200312654168
transcripts of vp-1 homeologues are misspliced in modern wheat and ancestral species.the maize (zea mays) viviparous 1 (vp1) transcription factor has been shown previously to be a major regulator of seed development, simultaneously activating embryo maturation and repressing germination. hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) caryopses are characterized by relatively weak embryo dormancy and are susceptible to preharvest sprouting (phs), a phenomenon that is phenotypically similar to the maize vp1 mutation. analysis of vp-1 transcript structure in wheat embryos during grain d ...200212119408
molecular characterization of gene sequences coding for protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum).the organisation of the durum wheat genomic sequence (3.5 kb) coding for protein disulfide isomerase (pdi), deduced by comparison between genomic fragments and cdna sequences (1.5 kb) isolated from immature caryopses, is described. the gene structure consists of ten exons and nine introns. the presence of consensus sequences involved in splicing, such as intron-exon junctions and branchpoint, has been observed and discussed. although the deduced wheat pdi amino acid sequence exhibited an overall ...200111255017
application of the random amplified polymorphic dna technique for the detection of polymorphism among wild and cultivated tetraploid wheats.development of a high-density genetic linkage map of cultivated wheats using conventional molecular markers has lagged behind the other major food crops such as rice and tomato because of the large genome size and limited levels of genetic polymorphisms. recently, random amplified polymorphic dnas (rapds) have been suggested to provide an alternative to visualize more polymorphism. for the construction of a genetic linkage map in tetraploid wheats, one can use a strategy of intersubspecific cros ...19938349131
characterization and expression analysis of wox5 genes from wheat and its relatives.the wuschel (wus)-related homeobox (wox) gene family plays an important role in coordinating gene transcription in the early phases of embryogenesis. in this study, we isolated and characterized wox5 from common wheat and its relatives triticum monococcum, triticum urartu, aegilops speltoides, aegilops searsii, aegilops sharonensis, aegilops longissima, aegilops bicornis, aegilops tauschii, and triticum turgidum. the size of the characterized wox5 alleles ranged from 1029 to 1038 bp and encompas ...201424368329
a wheat lipid transfer protein (tdltp4) promotes tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress in arabidopsis thaliana.lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are members of the family of pathogenesis-related proteins (pr-14) that are believed to be involved in plant defense responses. in this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel gene tdltp4 encoding an ltp protein from durum wheat [triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum desf.]. molecular phylogeny analyses of wheat tdltp4 gene showed a high identity to other plant ltps. predicted three-dimensional structural model revealed the presence of six helice ...201525703105
water deficit during root development: effects on the growth of roots and osmotic water permeability of isolated root protoplasts.the effect of low water potentials on root growth of flax (linum usitatissimum l. cv. ariane), rape (brassica napus l. de candolle, cv. bristol), hard wheat (triticum turgidum l. cv. cham1) and soft wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. ritmo) was studied by measuring the osmotic water permeability (pos) of root protoplasts and the protein abundance of pip1 and pip2 aquaporins. these different species require more or less water, the most sensitive to water deficit being flax and rape. ritmo, is a cult ...200211855644
antagonist effects of bacillus spp. strains against fusarium graminearum for protection of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum).bacillus species are attractive due to their potential use in the biological control of fungal diseases. bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain blb369, bacillus subtilis strain blb277, and paenibacillus polymyxa strain blb267 were isolated and identified using biochemical and molecular (16s rdna, gyra, and rpob) approaches. they could produce, respectively, (iturin and surfactin), (surfactin and fengycin), and (fusaricidin and polymyxin) exhibiting broad spectrum against several phytopathogenic fungi ...201627664733
transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of a pale-green durum wheat mutant shows variations in photosystem components and metabolic deficiencies under drought stress.leaf pigment content is an important trait involved in environmental interactions. in order to determine its impact on drought tolerance in wheat, we characterized a pale-green durum wheat mutant (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) under contrasting water availability conditions.201424521234
global phylogenetics of diuraphis noxia (hemiptera: aphididae), an invasive aphid species: evidence for multiple invasions into north america.the russian wheat aphid, diruaphis noxia (kudjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, tritium aestivum l., durum wheat, triticum turgidum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l. several sources of d. noxia resistance have been incorporated in commercial wheat and barley genotypes, but up to eight virulent biotypes, defined based on their ability to damage different wheat and barley genotypes, now occur across the western united states since the firs ...201020568643
identification and mapping of leaf, stem and stripe rust resistance quantitative trait loci and their interactions in durum wheat.leaf rust (puccinia triticina eriks.), stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. tritici eriks.) and stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) cause major production losses in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum). the objective of this research was to identify and map leaf, stripe and stem rust resistance loci from the french cultivar sachem and canadian cultivar strongfield. a doubled haploid population from sachem/strongfield and parents were phenotyped for seedling reaction to leaf rus ...201223396999
identification and characterization of a novel powdery mildew resistance gene pmg3m derived from wild emmer wheat, triticum dicoccoides.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide. wild emmer wheat, triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, the tetraploid ancestor (aabb) of domesticated bread and durum wheat, harbors many important alleles for resistance to various diseases, including powdery mildew. in the current study, two tetraploid wheat mapping populations, derived from a cross between durum wheat (cv. langdon) and wild emmer wheat (accession g-305-3m), w ...201122159825
identification and characterization of two plasma membrane aquaporins in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum) and their role in abiotic stress tolerance.plant plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (pip) cluster in two phylogenetic groups, pip1 and pip2 that have different water channel activities when expressed in xenopus oocytes. pip2s induce a marked increase of the membrane osmotic water-permeability coefficient (p(f)), whereas pip1s are generally inactive. here we report the cloning of two durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum) cdnas encoding tdpip1;1 and tdpip2;1 belonging to the pip1 and pip2 subfamilies, respectively. contrary to td ...201121723739
cloning and comparative analysis of carotenoid β-hydroxylase genes provides new insights into carotenoid metabolism in tetraploid (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and hexaploid (triticum aestivum) wheat grains.carotenoid β-hydroxylases attach hydroxyl groups to the β-ionone rings (β-rings) of carotenoid substrates, resulting in modified structures and functions of carotenoid molecules. we cloned and characterized two genes (each with three homeologs), hyd1 and hyd2, which encode β-hydroxylases in wheat. the results from bioinformatic and nested degenerate pcr analyses collectively suggest that hyd1 and hyd2 may represent the entire complement of non-heme di-iron β-hydroxylases in wheat. the homeologs ...201223015203
responses of transgenic arabidopsis plants and recombinant yeast cells expressing a novel durum wheat manganese superoxide dismutase tdmnsod to various abiotic stresses.in plant cells, the manganese superoxide dismutase (mn-sod) plays an elusive role in the response to oxidative stress. in this study, we describe the isolation and functional characterization of a novel mn-sod from durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum), named tdmnsod. molecular phylogeny analysis showed that the durum tdmnsod exhibited high amino acids sequence identity with other mn-sod plants. the three-dimensional structure showed that tdmnsod forms a homotetramer and each subunit i ...201627152457
isolation and molecular characterization of a novel win1/shn1 ethylene-responsive transcription factor tdshn1 from durum wheat (triticum turgidum. l. subsp. durum).over the last decade, apetala2/ethylene responsive factor (ap2/erf) proteins have become the subject of intensive research activity due to their involvement in a variety of biological processes. this research led to the identification of ap2/erf genes in many species; however, little is known about these genes in durum wheat, one of the most important cereal crops in the world. in this study, a new member of the ap2/erf transcription factor family, designated tdshn1, was isolated from durum whea ...201525687296
genetic analysis of leaf rust resistance in six durum wheat genotypes.leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina, is one of the main fungal diseases limiting durum wheat production. this study aimed to characterize previously undescribed genes for leaf rust resistance in durum wheat. six different resistant durum genotypes were crossed to two susceptible international maize and wheat improvement center (cimmyt) lines and the resulting f1, f2, and f3 progenies were evaluated for leaf rust reactions in the field and under greenhouse conditions. in addition, allelism te ...201424906010
linkage disequilibrium and association analysis of stripe rust resistance in wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) population in israel.rapid ld decay in wild emmer population from israel allows high-resolution association mapping. known and putative new stripe rust resistance genes were found. genome-wide association mapping (gwam) is becoming an important tool for the discovery and mapping of loci underlying trait variation in crops, but in the wild relatives of crops the use of gwam has been limited. critical factors for the use of gwam are the levels of linkage disequilibrium (ld) and genetic diversity in mapped populations, ...201425223542
novel sources of stripe rust resistance identified by genome-wide association mapping in ethiopian durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum).stripe rust of wheat, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is a global concern for wheat production, and has been increasingly destructive in ethiopia, as well as in the united states and in many other countries. as ethiopia has a long history of stripe rust epidemics, its native wheat germplasm harbors potentially valuable resistance loci. moreover, the ethiopian germplasm has been historically underutilized in breeding of modern wheat worldwide and thus the resistance alleles f ...201728553306
registration of wheat lines carrying the partial stripe rust resistance gene yr36 without the gpc-b1 high grain protein content allele.while the high-temperature adult plant resistance gene yr36 represents a promising source of quantitative and potentially race non-specific resistance to wheat stripe rust (causal organism puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici), its tight linkage (0.3 cm) with the high-grain protein content gene gpc-b1 may hinder its introgression in certain cases, such as in soft wheat varieties requiring low grain protein content or in lines where the gpc-b1 allele may be associated with a yield penalty ...201226962384
ancient wheat and health: a legend or the reality? a review on kamut khorasan wheat.after wwii, the industrialized agriculture selected modern varieties of triticum turgidum spp. durum and spp. aestivum (durum wheat and common wheat) based on higher yields and technological characteristics. nowadays, the use of whole ancient grains and pseudo cereals is considered nutritionally important. how ancient grains have positive effects is not entirely known, the fragmentation of the scientific knowledge being also related to the fact that ancient grains are not a homogeneous category. ...027790934
uncoupling of sodium and chloride to assist breeding for salinity tolerance in crops.the separation of toxic effects of sodium (na(+)) and chloride (cl(-)) by the current methods of mixed salts and subsequent determination of their relevance to breeding has been problematic. we report a novel method (na(+) humate) to study the ionic effects of na(+) toxicity without interference from cl(-), and ionic and osmotic effects when combined with salinity (nacl). three cereal species (hordeum vulgare, triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum ssp. durum with and without the na(+) exclusio ...026607560
anthocyanins in purple and blue wheat grains and in resulting bread: quantity, composition, and thermal stability.the anthocyanin composition of blue (triticum aestivum l., cv. skorpion) and purple wheat (triticum aethiopicum jakubz cv. abyssinskaja arrasajta cv. abyssinskaja arrasajta), cultivated in the czech republic, and of the prepared whole blue and purple wheat bread was determined. in blue and purple wheat, 19 and 26 anthocyanins, respectively, were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. the total content of anthocyanins determined in blue and purple wheat was 9.26 an ...026088282
folate distribution in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum turgidum durum desf.) pearled fractions.wholegrain cereals are an important source of folates. in this study, total folate was analysed in pearled fractions of barley and wheat cultivars employing aoac official method 2004.05. in particular, the distribution of folate in the kernels was evaluated in three barley cultivars (two hulled types and a hulless one as well as two- and six-row types) and in a common and a durum wheat cultivar.026018777
comparative genetic mapping and genomic region collinearity analysis of the powdery mildew resistance gene pm41.by applying comparative genomics analyses, a high-density genetic linkage map narrowed the powdery mildew resistance gene pm41 originating from wild emmer in a sub-centimorgan genetic interval. wheat powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, results in large yield losses worldwide. a high-density genetic linkage map of the powdery mildew resistance gene pm41, originating from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) and previously mapped to the distal region of chromosom ...201424906815
molecular identification of a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 2bs from triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum.powdery mildew caused by the fungal pathogen blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is a destructive foliar disease on wheat in many regions of the world. triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (2n=4x=28) shows particular promises as a donor source of useful genetic variation for several traits, including disease resistances that could be introgressed to cultivated wheats. accession mg5323, resistant to powdery mildew, was crossed to the susceptible durum cultivar latino and a set of 122 recombinant i ...201223017904
high-density mapping and marker development for the powdery mildew resistance gene pmas846 derived from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides).powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. the dominant powdery mildew resistance gene pmas846 was transferred to the hexaploid wheat lines n9134 and n9738 from wild emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides) in 1995, and it is still one of the most effective resistance genes in china. a high resolution genetic map for pmas846 locus was constructed using two f(2) populations and corresponding f(2:3) families developed from the crosses o ...201222350087
ability of leaf mesophyll to retain potassium correlates with salinity tolerance in wheat and barley.this work investigated the importance of the ability of leaf mesophyll cells to control k(+) flux across the plasma membrane as a trait conferring tissue tolerance mechanism in plants grown under saline conditions. four wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum) and four barley (hordeum vulgare) genotypes contrasting in their salinity tolerance were grown under glasshouse conditions. seven to 10-day-old leaves were excised, and net k(+) and h(+) fluxes were measured from either epidermal or ...023611560
identification of genes induced by fusarium graminearum inoculation in the resistant durum wheat line langdon(dic-3a)10 and the susceptible parental line langdon.the wheat recombinant chromosome inbred line ldn(dic-3a)10, obtained through introgression of a triticum dicoccoides disomic chromosome 3a fragment into triticum turgidum spp. durum var. langdon, is resistant to fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum. to identify genes involved in fhb resistance, we used a cdna-aflp approach to compare gene expression between ldn(dic-3a)10 and the susceptible parental line ldn at different time points post-inoculation. in total, 85 out of the ...201526211966
identification of novel qtl for resistance to fusarium head blight in a tetraploid wheat population.most tetraploid durum wheat (triticum turgidum l var. durum) cultivars are susceptible to fusarium head blight (fhb). this study reports novel quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with fhb resistance. a backcross recombinant inbred line (bcril) population was developed from the cross bgrc3487/2*dt735, and 160 lines were evaluated for resistance to fusarium graminearum schwabe (teleomorph gibberella zeae (schwein. petch) in field trials over 3 years (2008-2010) and to a f. graminearum 3-acety ...201223231604
monitoring protein phosphorylation by acrylamide pendant phos-tag™ in various plants.the aim of the present study is to rationalize acrylamide pendant phos-tag™ in-gel discrimination of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated plant protein species with standard immunoblot analysis, and optimize sample preparation, efficient electrophoretic separation and transfer. we tested variants of the method including extraction buffers suitable for preservation of phosphorylated protein species in crude extracts from plants and we addressed the importance of the cation (mn(2+) or zn(2+)) use ...201526029234
phosphorylation of a p38-like mapk is involved in sensing cellular redox state and drives atypical tubulin polymer assembly in angiosperms.reactive oxygen species (ros) imbalance is a stressful condition for plant cells accompanied by dramatic changes in tubulin cytoskeleton. here, evidence is provided that alterations in ros levels directly interfere with the phosphorylation state of a p38-like mapk in the angiosperms triticum turgidum and arabidopsis thaliana. both oxidative stress generators and chemicals inducing ros scavenging or decreasing ros production resulted in the accumulation of a phospho-p46 protein similar to p38-map ...201424138172
antioxidant properties of wheat as affected by pearling.the effects of pearling on the content of phenolics and antioxidant capacity of two canadian wheat classes, namely, canada western amber durum; triticum turgidum l. var. durum; cwad) and canada western red spring; triticum aestivum l.; cwrs) were examined. the antioxidant activity of wheat phenolics was evaluated using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac), inhibition of photochemiluminescence (pcl), rancimat method, inhibition of oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, and dna. the phenolic c ...016910705
disturbance of reactive oxygen species homeostasis induces atypical tubulin polymer formation and affects mitosis in root-tip cells of triticum turgidum and arabidopsis thaliana.in this study, the effects of disturbance of the reactive oxygen species (ros) homeostasis on the organization of tubulin cytoskeleton in interphase and mitotic root-tip cells of triticum turgidum and arabidopsis thaliana were investigated. reduced ros levels were obtained by treatment with diphenylene iodonium (dpi) and n-acetyl-cysteine, whereas menadione was applied to achieve ros overproduction. both increased and low ros levels induced: (a) macrotubule formation in cells with low ros levels ...201221976360
the abundance of homoeologue transcripts is disrupted by hybridization and is partially restored by genome doubling in synthetic hexaploid wheat.the formation of an allopolyploid is a two step process, comprising an initial wide hybridization event, which is later followed by a whole genome doubling. both processes can affect the transcription of homoeologues. here, rna-seq was used to obtain the genome-wide leaf transcriptome of two independent triticum turgidum × aegilops tauschii allotriploids (f1), along with their spontaneous allohexaploids (s1) and their parental lines. the resulting sequence data were then used to characterize var ...201728187716
prevalence of gene expression additivity in genetically stable wheat allohexaploids.the reprogramming of gene expression appears as the major trend in synthetic and natural allopolyploids where expression of an important proportion of genes was shown to deviate from that of the parents or the average of the parents. in this study, we analyzed gene expression changes in previously reported, highly stable synthetic wheat allohexaploids that combine the d genome of aegilops tauschii and the ab genome extracted from the natural hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum. a comprehensive gen ...201323278496
variation in abscisic acid responsiveness of aegilops tauschii and hexaploid wheat synthetics due to the d-genome diversity.common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an allohexaploid that originated from natural hybridization between tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum) and diploid aegilops tauschii. ae. tauschii is considered one of the potential sources of new genetic variation in abiotic stress tolerance for improving common wheat. abscisic acid (aba) plays an important role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. in this study, aba responsiveness of 67 ae. tauschii accessions and their synthetic hexaploid whe ...201222531790
a synthetic wheat with 56 chromosomes derived from triticum turgidum and aegilops tauschii.by colchicine treatment of hybrids between triticum turgidum and aegilops tauschii (as seedlings), a fertile wheat plant (shw-l2) carrying 56 chromosomes was artificially synthesized. at metaphase i of 50 pollen mother cells, the 56 chromosomes of the new wheat shw-l2 showed a mean pairing configuration of 2.82 univalents, 6.18 rod bivalents, 19.39 ring bivalents, 0.5 trivalents, and 0.14 quadrivalents. cytological analyses suggested that shw-l2 had additional 7 pairs of chromosomes from the a a ...200818263968
characterization of quantitative trait loci controlling genetic variation for preharvest sprouting in synthetic backcross-derived wheat lines.aegilops tauschii, the wild relative of wheat, has stronger seed dormancy, a major component of preharvest sprouting resistance (phsr), than bread wheat. a diploid ae. tauschii accession (aus18836) and a tetraploid (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum var. altar84) wheat were used to construct a synthetic wheat (syn37). the genetic architecture of phs was investigated in 271 bc(1)f(7) synthetic backcross lines (sbls) derived from syn37/2*janz (resistant/susceptible). the sbls were evaluated in three ...200818245824
a sodium transporter (hkt7) is a candidate for nax1, a gene for salt tolerance in durum wheat.durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is more salt sensitive than bread wheat (triticum aestivum). a novel source of na(+) exclusion conferring salt tolerance to durum wheat is present in the durum wheat line 149 derived from triticum monococcum c68-101, and a quantitative trait locus contributing to low na(+) concentration in leaf blades, nax1, mapped to chromosome 2al. in this study, we used the rice (oryza sativa) genome sequence and data from the wheat expressed sequence tag deletion ...200617071645
the role of reproductive isolation in allopolyploid speciation patterns: empirical insights from the progenitors of common wheat.the ability to cause reproductive isolation often varies among individuals within a plant species. we addressed whether such polymorphism influenced speciation of the allopolyploid common wheat (triticum aestivum l., aabbdd genome) by evaluating the expression of pre-pollination (outcrossing potential) and post-pollination (crossability) barriers in aegilops tauschii coss. (the d genome progenitor). in total, 201 ae. tauschii accessions representing the entire natural habitat range of the specie ...201729167543
fusarium crown rot caused by fusarium pseudograminearum in cereal crops: recent progress and future prospects.diseases caused by fusarium pathogens inflict major yield and quality losses on many economically important plant species worldwide, including cereals. fusarium crown rot (fcr) caused by fusarium pseudograminearum is a cereal disease that occurs in many arid and semi-arid cropping regions of the world. in recent years, this disease has become more prevalent, in part due to the adoption of moisture-preserving cultural practices such as minimum tillage and stubble retention. in this pathogen profi ...201729105256
identification and characterization of sr13, a tetraploid wheat gene that confers resistance to the ug99 stem rust race group.the puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt) ug99 race group is virulent to most stem rust resistance genes currently deployed in wheat and poses a threat to global wheat production. the durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) gene sr13 confers resistance to ug99 and other virulent races, and is more effective at high temperatures. using map-based cloning, we delimited a candidate region including two linked genes encoding coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins designated c ...201729078294
rna sequencing and co-expressed long non-coding rna in modern and wild wheats.there is an urgent need for the improvement of drought-tolerant bread and durum wheat. the huge and complex genome of bread wheat (bbaadd genome) stands as a vital obstruction for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying drought tolerance. however, tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum ssp., bbaa genome) is an ancestor of modern bread wheat and offers an important model for studying the drought response due to its less complex genome. additionally, several wild relatives of tetraploid whea ...201728878329
diabetogenic potential of ancestral and modern wheat landraces.dear editor, we read with interest the article by gorelick et al. [1], who assayed the diabetogenic potential of two ancestral wheat landraces (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides and spp. dicoccum), compared to a modern wheat cultivar (t. aestivum) in nod mice. [...].201728788067
high-throughput snp genotyping of modern and wild emmer wheat for yield and root morphology using a combined association and linkage analysis.durum wheat (triticum turgidum var. durum desf.) is a major world crop that is grown primarily in areas of the world that experience periodic drought, and therefore, breeding climate-resilient durum wheat is a priority. high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping techniques have greatly increased the power of linkage and association mapping analyses for bread wheat, but as yet there is no durum wheat-specific platform available. in this study, we evaluate the new 384ht wheat ...201728550605
ancestral qtl alleles from wild emmer wheat enhance root development under drought in modern wheat.a near-isogenic line (nil-7a-b-2), introgressed with a quantitative trait locus (qtl) on chromosome 7as from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) into the background of bread wheat (t. aestivum l.) cv. barnir, was recently developed and studied in our lab. nil-7a-b-2 exhibited better productivity and photosynthetic capacity than its recurrent parent across a range of environments. here we tested the hypothesis that root-system modifications play a major role in nil-7a-b-2's agro ...201728536586
differential representation of albumins and globulins during grain development in durum wheat and its possible functional consequences.durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum (desf.) husn.) is an economically important crop used for the production of semolina, which is the basis of pasta and other food products. its grains provide proteins and starch for human consumption. grain development is a key process in wheat physiology; it is highly affected by a number of enzymes that control the metabolic processes governing accumulation of starch and storage proteins and ultimately grain weight. most of these enzymes are present in ...201728478307
high density mapping and haplotype analysis of the major stem-solidness locus sst1 in durum and common wheat.breeding for solid-stemmed durum (triticum turgidum l. var durum) and common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars is one strategy to minimize yield losses caused by the wheat stem sawfly (cephus cinctus norton). major stem-solidness qtl have been localized to the long arm of chromosome 3b in both wheat species, but it is unclear if these qtl span a common genetic interval. in this study, we have improved the resolution of the qtl on chromosome 3b in a durum (kofa/w9262-260d3) and common wheat ...201728399136
pentaploid wheat hybrids: applications, characterisation, and challenges.interspecific hybridisation between hexaploid and tetraploid wheat species leads to the development of f1 pentaploid hybrids with unique chromosomal constitutions. pentaploid hybrids derived from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum turgidum spp. durum desf.) crosses can improve the genetic background of either parent by transferring traits of interest. the genetic variability derived from bread and durum wheat and transferred into pentaploid hybrids has the potential to ...201728367153
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