| coordinate regulation of replication and virion sense gene expression in wheat dwarf virus. | we have investigated the relationship between viral dna replication and virion sense gene expression in wheat dwarf virus (wdv), a member of the geminivirus group, by testing a series of deletion mutants in transfected triticum monococcum (einkorn) protoplasts. mutants contained a transcription fusion of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase coding sequence to the virion sense promoter that replaced the viral coat protein coding sequence. the deletion analysis revealed that wdv replication and v ... | 1992 | 1633494 |
| wheat dwarf virus vectors replicate and express foreign genes in cells of monocotyledonous plants. | wheat dwarf virus (wdv) is a geminivirus that infects monocotyledonous plants. to exploit the potential of wdv as a replicative gene vector, we developed a transient replication and expression system based on the transfection of protoplasts derived from triticum monococcum suspension culture cells. cloned genomic copies of various wdv isolates as well as mutants constructed in vitro were introduced into the protoplasts and assayed for their ability to replicate. as a result, regions of the wdv g ... | 1991 | 1840909 |
| infectious in vitro transcripts from a cloned cdna of barley yellow dwarf virus. | a full-length cdna clone of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv-pav serotype) has been constructed and fused to the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase promoter. rna transcripts produced in vitro, either capped or uncapped, were infectious in triticum monococcum protoplasts. protoplasts inoculated with in vitro-transcribed bydv rna accumulated coat protein, synthesized new viral rnas, and produced virus particles. aphid feeding on extracts from protoplasts inoculated with in vitro rna transcripts can be ... | 1991 | 1984657 |
| replication of wheat dwarf virus dna in protoplasts and analysis of coat protein mutants in protoplasts and plants. | the replication of wheat dwarf virus (wdv) in protoplasts derived from a triticum monococcum suspension cell system was investigated. the production of circular viral double-stranded dna (dsdna) forms consistent with the replication of the viral genome was observed. in comparison to whole plants, the production of viral single-stranded dna (ssdna) was reduced, possibly due to only low levels of viral coat protein being produced in the protoplasts. mutations introduced into the viral coat protein ... | 1989 | 2549505 |
| intramolecular recombination of chloroplast genome mediated by short direct-repeat sequences in wheat species. | structural alterations of the chloroplast genome tend to occur at "hot spots" on the physical map. to clarify the mechanism of mutation of chloroplast genome structure in higher plants, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the hot-spot region of chloroplast dnas related to length mutations (deletions/insertions) in triticum (wheat) and aegilops. from a comparison of this region in wheat with the corresponding region of tobacco or liverwort, it is evident that one of the open reading frames i ... | 1988 | 3186748 |
| the conserved nonanucleotide motif of the geminivirus stem-loop sequence promotes replicational release of virus molecules from redundant copies. | recombinant plasmids containing head-to-tail copies of different coat-protein replacement genomes of wheat dwarf virus (wdv) were used to study the mechanism leading to the release of replicating unit-length molecules in suspension culture cells of triticum monococcum. for plasmids bearing two complete genomes, the viral unit bracketed by the two large intergenic regions (lir) becomes preferentially released. addition of a third copy of the lir on the inoculum plasmid is necessary for release of ... | 1993 | 8268260 |
| recombination of chromosomes 3a(m) and 5a(m) of triticum monococcum with homeologous chromosomes 3a and 5a of wheat: the distribution of recombination across chromosomes. | recombination of chromosomes 3a(m) and 5a(m) of triticum monococcum with closely homeologous chromosomes 3a and 5a of t. aestivum was compared with recombination across corresponding homologous chromosome pairs. differentiation between the homeologues impacted recombination in the proximal regions of the long arms the most and in the distal regions of the long arms the least. it is concluded that this variation principally reflects allocation of multiple crossovers across an arm and positive cro ... | 2000 | 10757771 |
| isolation of a cdna encoding a granule-bound 152-kilodalton starch-branching enzyme in wheat. | screening of a wheat (triticum aestivum) cdna library for starch-branching enzyme i (sbei) genes combined with 5'-rapid amplification of cdna ends resulted in isolation of a 4,563-bp composite cdna, sbe1c. based on sequence alignment to characterized sbei cdna clones isolated from plants, the sbeic predicted from the cdna sequence was produced with a transit peptide directing the polypeptide into plastids. furthermore, the predicted mature form of sbeic was much larger (152 kd) than previously c ... | 2000 | 10982440 |
| sequence haplotypes revealed by sequence-tagged site fine mapping of the ror1 gene in the centromeric region of barley chromosome 1h. | we describe the development of polymerase chain reaction-based, sequence-tagged site (sts) markers for fine mapping of the barley (hordeum vulgare) ror1 gene required for broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). after locating ror1 to the centromeric region of barley chromosome 1h using a combined amplified fragment length polymorphism/restriction fragment-length polymorphism (rflp) approach, sequences of rflp probes from this chromosome region of barley and ... | 2001 | 11244105 |
| a nontransformable triticum monococcum monocotyledonous culture produces the potent agrobacterium vir-inducing compound ethyl ferulate. | exudates of dicotyledonous plants contain specific phenolic signal molecules, such as acetosyringone, which serve as potent inducers for the expression of the virulence (vir) regulon of the phytopathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens. this induction activates the agrobacterium t-dna transfer process to initiate the genetic transformation of target plant cells. wounded and metabolically active plant cells are particularly susceptible to agrobacterium infection, and these cells specifically produce vi ... | 1990 | 11607083 |
| genetic improvement of plant for coeliac disease. | wheat, rye and barley are toxic for patients with coeliac disease. toxicity has been found to result, respectively, from proteins such as gliadins, secalins and hordeins. agglutination of in vitro cultured human myelogenous leukaemia k 562 (s) cells proved to be a suitable model for detection of toxic components of proteins. five toxic peptides derived from an a-gliadin protein have been found to agglutinate the k 565 (s) cells. triticum monococcum is a diploid wheat species widely grown during ... | 2002 | 12408461 |
| patterns of resistance to three cereal aphids among wheats in the genus triticum (poaceae). | forty-one accessions of wild and cultivated wheats belonging to 19 triticum species were tested in the field for resistance to three species of aphids, rhopalosiphum padi linnaeus, sitobion avenae fabricius and schizaphis graminum rondani. antibiotic resistance was estimated by the increase in biomass of aphids over 21 days on adult plants. overall resistance was estimated by the plant biomass lost due to aphid infestation. all three species of aphids survived and reproduced on all wheats, and r ... | 2003 | 12908918 |
| lower glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (gip) response but similar glucagon-like peptide 1 (glp-1), glycaemic, and insulinaemic response to ancient wheat compared to modern wheat depends on processing. | to test the hypothesis that bread made from the ancient wheat einkorn (triticum monococcum) reduces the insulin and glucose responses through modulation of the gastrointestinal responses of glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (gip) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (glp-1) compared to the responses to bread of modern wheat (triticum aestivum). | 2003 | 14506486 |
| seedling and adult plant resistance to sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae) in triticum monococcum (poaceae), an ancestor of wheat. | cereal aphids are important pests of wheat, triticum aestivum l. and triticum durum desf. crop resistance is a desirable method for managing cereal aphids in central north america, where the dominant crop, spring-sown wheat, has a low value per unit area. a diploid ancestor of wheat, triticum monococcum l., is reported to be partially resistant to sitobion avenae (fabricius), the most damaging cereal aphid in the region. to identify potential sources of resistance, 42 accessions of t. monococcum ... | 2004 | 14972048 |
| processing of wild cereal grains in the upper palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis. | barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheat (triticum monococcum l. and triticum turgidum l.) were among the principal 'founder crops' of southwest asian agriculture. two issues that were central to the cultural transition from foraging to food production are poorly understood. they are the dates at which human groups began to routinely exploit wild varieties of wheat and barley, and when foragers first utilized technologies to pound and grind the hard, fibrous seeds of these and other plants to turn ... | 2004 | 15295598 |
| the use of conventional and quantitative real-time pcr assays for polymyxa graminis to examine host plant resistance, inoculum levels and intraspecific variation. | * a real-time pcr protocol based on 18s rdna sequences was developed to provide a specific, sensitive and quantitative assay for the root-infecting virus vector polymyxa graminis. * the assay was calibrated with zoospore suspensions and inoculated roots and then shown to work with naturally infected plant roots and infested soil. both the temperate p. graminis ribotypes previously described are detected but are not distinguished. dna from related plasmodiophorids and from a range of fungi and pl ... | 2005 | 15720699 |
| occurrence of mycotoxin in farro samples from southern italy. | the occurrence of nine mycotoxins and of contamination by pre- and postharvest fungal pathogens of cereals was investigated in samples of stored triticum monococcum l., triticum dicoccon schrank (emmer), and triticum spelta l. (spelt). in italy, all three species are collectively referred to as farro. the samples examined were harvested in summer 2000 from eight different sites in southern italy. conventional fluorimetric and diode array-based high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analys ... | 2005 | 15726990 |
| profiling of wheat class iii peroxidase genes derived from powdery mildew-attacked epidermis reveals distinct sequence-associated expression patterns. | a cdna library was constructed from leaf epidermis of diploid wheat (triticum monococcum) infected with the powdery mildew fungus (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) and was screened for genes encoding peroxidases. from 2,500 expressed sequence tags (ests), 36 cdnas representing 10 peroxidase genes (designated tmprx1 to tmprx10) were isolated and further characterized. alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences and phylogenetic clustering with peroxidases from other plant species demonstrated ... | 2005 | 16042019 |
| differential regulation of wheat quinone reductases in response to powdery mildew infection. | at least two types of quinone reductases are present in plants: (1) the zeta-crystallin-like quinone reductases (qr1, ec 1.6.5.5) that catalyze the univalent reduction of quinones to semiquinone radicals, and (2) the dt-diaphorase-like quinone reductases (qr2, ec 1.6.99.2) that catalyze the divalent reduction of quinones to hydroquinones. qr2s protect cells from oxidative stress by making the quinones available for conjugation, thereby releasing them from the superoxide-generating one electron r ... | 2005 | 16079999 |
| comparative analysis in cereals of a key proline catabolism gene. | proline accumulation and catabolism play significant roles in adaptation to a variety of plant stresses including osmotic stress, drought, temperature, freezing, uv irradiation, heavy metals and pathogen infection. in this study, the gene delta1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (p5cdh), which catalyzes the second step in the conversion of proline to glutamate, is characterized in a number of cereal species. p5cdh genes from hexaploid wheat, triticum turgidum (durum wheat), aegilops tauschi ... | 2005 | 16179990 |
| [genetic control of the wheat triticum monococcum l. resistance to powdery mildew]. | using hybrid analysis and test-clone method, 102 accessions of triticum monococcum l. from the collection of the vavilov all-russia institute of plant industry have been studied. this species of wheat has been found to by considerably polymorphic with respect to the resistance to the fungus erysiphe graminis dc. f. sp. tritici marchal. causing powdery mildew. the resistance of most accessions to the fungus population and clones is determined by dominant genes. in rare cases, the resistance was d ... | 2006 | 16523668 |
| role of cytoplasm-specific introgression in the evolution of the polyploid wheats. | studies of n-banded mitotic and meiotic karyotypes of triticum turgidum l. (2n = 28; aabb) and triticum timopheevii zhuk. (2n = 28; aagg) and hybrids between them, along with observations of meiotic pairing between telocentrics of the ab-genome chromosomes and their respective homologues and homeologues in t. timopheevii, showed that chromosome 4 (m4) of triticum monococcum l. is present (as 4a(t)) in t. timopheevii but is lacking in t. turgidum. neither 4a nor 4b pairs with 4a(t), but 4a pairs ... | 1987 | 16578821 |
| evaluation of selectable markers for obtaining stable transformants in the gramineae. | cell suspension cultures of triticum monococcum, panicum maximum, saccharum officinarum, pennisetum americanum, and a double cross trispecific hybrid between pennisetum americanum, p. purpureum, and p. squamulatum were tested for resistance to kanamycin, hygromycin, and methotrexate for use in transformation studies. all cultures showed high natural levels of resistance to kanamycin, in excess of 800 milligrams per liter, and variable levels of resistance to hygromycin. methotrexate was a potent ... | 1988 | 16665953 |
| promoter strength comparisons of maize shrunken 1 and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and 2 promoters in mono- and dicotyledonous species. | promoter strengths of two maize alcohol dehydrogenase genes, adh1 and adh2, and the maize shrunken-1 gene, sh1, were evaluated by transient expression in cultured protoplasts of panicum maximum, triticum monococcum, and daucus carota. promoter elements were ligated in correct and opposite orientations as transcriptional gene fusions to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene containing the nopaline synthase 3' polyadenylation signal. the relative levels of gene expression were compared to th ... | 1988 | 16666422 |
| molecular characterization of a diagnostic dna marker for domesticated tetraploid wheat provides evidence for gene flow from wild tetraploid wheat to hexaploid wheat. | all forms of domesticated tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum, genomes aabb) are nearly monomorphic for restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) haplotype a at the xpsr920 locus on chromosome 4a (xpsr920-a1a), and wild tetraploid wheat is monomorphic for haplotype b. the xpsr920-a1a/b dimorphism provides a molecular marker for domesticated and wild tetraploid wheat, respectively. hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, genomes aabbdd) is polymorphic for the 2 haplotypes. bacterial artificial ... | 2006 | 16675504 |
| identification and mapping of a tiller inhibition gene (tin3) in wheat. | tillering is one of the most important agronomic traits in cereal crops because tiller number per plant determines the number of spikes or panicles per plant, a key component of grain yield and/or biomass. in order to characterize the underlying genetic variation for tillering, we have isolated mutants that are compromised in tillering ability using ethyl methanesulphonate (ems)-based mutagenesis in diploid wheat (triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum). the tillering mutant, tiller inhibition (t ... | 2007 | 17115129 |
| mapping diploid wheat homologues of arabidopsis seed aba signaling genes and qtls for seed dormancy. | abscisic acid (aba) sensitivity in embryos is one of the key factors in the seed dormancy of wheat. many aba signaling genes have been isolated in arabidopsis, while only a few wheat homologues have been identified. in the present study, diploid wheat homologues to arabidopsis aba signaling genes were identified by in silico analysis, and mapped them using a population of diploid wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between triticum monococcum (tm) and t. boeoticum (tb). four dipl ... | 2007 | 17387417 |
| transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the pathways of biosynthesis and supply of methyl units in response to powdery mildew attack and abiotic stresses in wheat. | from a library of 3,000 expression sequence tags (ests), derived from the epidermis of a diploid wheat (triticum monococcum) inoculated with blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), we cloned 23 cdnas representing 12 genes that are involved in the pathways of biosynthesis and supply of methyl units. we studied the transcription of these genes to investigate how the methyl units are generated and regulated in response to bgt infection and abiotic stresses in wheat. expression of 5, 10-methylene-te ... | 2007 | 17406792 |
| contrasting patterns in crop domestication and domestication rates: recent archaeobotanical insights from the old world. | archaeobotany, the study of plant remains from sites of ancient human activity, provides data for studying the initial evolution of domesticated plants. an important background to this is defining the domestication syndrome, those traits by which domesticated plants differ from wild relatives. these traits include features that have been selected under the conditions of cultivation. from archaeological remains the easiest traits to study are seed size and in cereal crops the loss of natural seed ... | 2007 | 17495986 |
| molecular diversity at 18 loci in 321 wild and 92 domesticate lines reveal no reduction of nucleotide diversity during triticum monococcum (einkorn) domestication: implications for the origin of agriculture. | the diploid wheat triticum monococcum l. (einkorn) was among the first crops domesticated by humans in the fertile crescent 10,000 years ago. during the last 5,000 years, it was replaced by tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and largely forgotten by modern breeders. einkorn germplasm is thus devoid of breeding bottlenecks and has therefore preserved in unfiltered form the full spectrum of genetic variation that was present during its domestication. we investigated haplotype variation among >12 mill ... | 2007 | 17898361 |
| environmental factors of celiac disease: cytotoxicity of hulled wheat species triticum monococcum, t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum and t. aestivum ssp. spelta. | in the present paper, the toxicity of prolamines derived from three cereals with a different genome was investigated in human colon cancer caco-2/tc7 and human myelogenous leukemia k562(s) cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate if species from ancient wheat could be considered as healthy food crops devoid or poor in cytotoxic prolamines for celiac disease. | 2007 | 17914956 |
| mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance genes in diploid a genome wheat species and their transfer to bread wheat. | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis west. f.sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. forty genes for stripe rust resistance have been catalogued so far, but the majority of them are not effective against emerging pathotypes. triticum monococcum and t. boeoticum have excellent levels of resistance to rusts, but so far, no stripe rust resistance gene has been identified or transferred from these species. a set of 121 rils generated from a cross involving t. mon ... | 2008 | 17989954 |
| genetic and cytogenetic analyses of the a genome of triticum monococcum. ix. cytological behaviour, phenotypic characteristics, breeding behaviour, and fertility of primary, double, and triple trisomics. | cytogenetic studies in triticum monococcum (2n = 2x = 14, aa) were initiated by generating a series of primary as well as double and triple trisomics from autotriploids derived from crosses between induced autotetraploids and a diploid progenitor. analysis of meiotic chromosome behaviour revealed that, with the exception of primary trisomics for chromosome 7a, the chromosome present in triple dose in all other trisomics formed either a bivalent plus a univalent or a trivalent (always v shaped) a ... | 1993 | 18470010 |
| reassessing domestication events in the near east: einkorn and triticum urartu. | to reassess domestication events in the near east, accessions of triticum urartu from a well-described sampling were combined with a representative sample covering the karacadağ einkorn wheat domestication. the observed dna separation between the two wheat species accounts for the main differentiation, but geographic variation within t. urartu is evident and so is the domestication scenario among wild, feral, and domesticated einkorn. in contrast to the clear dna differences, it is difficult to ... | 2008 | 18521123 |
| phenotypic and genetic analysis of the triticum monococcum-mycosphaerella graminicola interaction. | here, the aim was to understand the cellular and genetic basis of the triticum monococcum-mycosphaerella graminicola interaction. testing for 5 yr under uk field conditions revealed that all 24 t. monococcum accessions exposed to a high level of natural inocula were fully resistant to m. graminicola. when the accessions were individually inoculated in the glasshouse using an attached leaf seeding assay and nine previously characterized m. graminicola isolates, fungal sporulation was observed in ... | 2008 | 18564301 |
| phytochemical quantification and total antioxidant capacities of emmer (triticum dicoccon schrank) and einkorn (triticum monococcum l.) wheat landraces. | in this study, samples of 18 ancient wheat (12 emmer, 6 einkorn) and 2 bread wheat varieties grown in different regions of turkey were examined for their total phenolics and flavonoids, phenolic acids, lutein, total yellow pigment, and total radical scavenging capacities against abts cation. results showed that health beneficial phytochemicals and total antioxidant capacities were generally significantly different in emmer and einkorn wheat groups. remarkably higher total antioxidant activity (1 ... | 2008 | 18593174 |
| a major gene for powdery mildew resistance transferred to common wheat from wild einkorn wheat. | abstract a major gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici = erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) has been successfully transferred into hexaploid common wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) from wild einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides, 2n = 2x = 14, aa). nc96bgta5 is a germ plasm line with the pedigree saluda x 3/pi427662. the response patterns for powdery mildew resistance in nc96bgta5 were tested with 30 differential isolates of ... | 1998 | 18944983 |
| gene expression profiling and silencing reveal that monolignol biosynthesis plays a critical role in penetration defence in wheat against powdery mildew invasion. | cell wall apposition (cwa) formation is one of the first lines of defence used by plants to halt invading fungi such as powdery mildew. lignin is a complex polymer of hydroxylated and methoxylated phenylpropane units (monolignols) and lignification renders the cell wall more resistant to pathogen attack. the role of monolignol biosynthesis in cwa-mediated defence against powdery mildew penetration into cereals is demonstrated here using rna interference (rnai)-mediated gene silencing and enzyme- ... | 2009 | 19039100 |
| influence of genetic and environmental factors on selected nutritional traits of triticum monococcum. | to evaluate the effect of genotype, year, and location on protein, lipid, tocol, and lutein content and on fatty acids composition of wholemeal flour, five einkorns (triticum monococcum l. ssp. monococcum) and one control bread wheat were cropped in italy for two years in four different locations. genotype and year exerted major effects on protein, tocotrienol, and lutein contents, while tocopherol and lipid contents were influenced only by the genotype. the concentrations of linoleic, oleic, an ... | 2009 | 19601667 |
| response to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici) and its coincidence with leaf rust resistance in hexaploid introgressive triticale lines with triticum monococcum genes. | triticale introgressive lines were developed by incorporating diploid wheat (triticum monococcum [tm16]) genes into the hexaploid triticale genotype lt522/6. the synthetic allotetraploid t. monococcum cereale (a(m) a(m)rr) was used as a bridging form to introduce the genes. a group of 43 introgressive lines, parental stocks and a check cultivar were inoculated at the seedling stage (in the greenhouse) and at the adult plant stage (in the field) with four pathotypes of puccinia striiformis f. sp. ... | 2009 | 19638675 |
| mycotoxin profiles in the grain of triticum monococcum, triticum dicoccum and triticum spelta after head infection with fusarium culmorum. | the aim of study was to investigate mycotoxin profiles in the grain of spring lines of triticum monococcum (12 lines), t. dicoccum (13 lines) and t. spelta (five lines), in comparison to the t. aestivum cultivar sumai-3 which is resistant to fusarium head blight. the grain was obtained from control heads and heads artificially inoculated in the field with fusarium culmorum. mycotoxins were determined by lc-ms/ms. | 2010 | 20355081 |
| Genetics of Resistance to Race TTKSK of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Triticum monococcum. | ABSTRACT Race TTKSK (or Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici possesses virulence to several stem rust resistance genes commonly present in wheat cultivars grown worldwide. New variants detected in the race TTKSK lineage further broadened the virulence spectrum. The identification of sources of genetic resistance to race TTKSK and its relatives is necessary to enable the development and deployment of resistant varieties. Accessions of Triticum monococcum, an A-genome diploid wild and culti ... | 2011 | 22070278 |
| triticum monococcum lines with distinct metabolic phenotypes and phloem-based partial resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid rhopalosiphum padi. | crop protection is an integral part of establishing food security, by protecting the yield potential of crops. cereal aphids cause yield losses by direct damage and transmission of viruses. some wild relatives of wheat show resistance to aphids but the mechanisms remain unresolved. in order to elucidate the location of the partial resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi, in diploid wheat lines of triticum monococcum, we conducted aphid performance studies using developmental ... | 2016 | 27570248 |
| involvement of the mads-box gene zmm4 in floral induction and inflorescence development in maize. | the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth is marked by the termination of vegetative development and the adoption of floral identity by the shoot apical meristem (sam). this process is called the floral transition. to elucidate the molecular determinants involved in this process, we performed genome-wide rna expression profiling on maize (zea mays) shoot apices at vegetative and early reproductive stages using massively parallel signature sequencing technology. profiling revealed signifi ... | 2008 | 18539775 |
| crossability of triticum urartu and triticum monococcum wheats, homoeologous recombination, and description of a panel of interspecific introgression lines. | triticum monococcum (genome a(m)) and t. urartu (genome a(u)) are diploid wheats, with the first having been domesticated in the neolithic era and the second being a wild species. in a germplasm collection, rare wild t. urartu lines with the presence of t. monococcum alleles were found. this stimulated our interest to develop interspecific introgression lines of t. urartu in t. monococcum, a breeding tool currently implemented in several crop species. moreover, the experiments reported were desi ... | 2014 | 25147190 |
| dart markers: diversity analyses, genomes comparison, mapping and integration with ssr markers in triticum monococcum. | triticum monococcum (2n = 2x = 14) is an ancient diploid wheat with many useful traits and is used as a model for wheat gene discovery. dart (diversity arrays technology) employs a hybridisation-based approach to type thousands of genomic loci in parallel. dart markers were developed for t. monococcum to assess genetic diversity, compare relationships with hexaploid genomes, and construct a genetic linkage map integrating dart and microsatellite markers. | 2009 | 19788762 |
| pemu: an improved promoter for gene expression in cereal cells. | a recombinant promoter, pemu, has been constructed to give a high level of gene expression in monocots. it is based on a truncated maize adh1 promoter, with multiple copies of the anaerobic responsive element from the maize adh1 gene and ocs-elements from the octopine synthase gene of agrobacterium tumefaciens. the pemu promoter was one of 12 different promoter constructs that were linked to the β-glucuronidase (gus) marker gene. promoter activity was measured 48 h after introduction of the cons ... | 1991 | 24221371 |
| genes encoding hevein-like defense peptides in wheat: distribution, evolution, and role in stress response. | hevein-like plant defense peptides wamp-1a/b with a unique 10-cys motif are found in the wheat triticum kiharae seeds. three different wamp genomic and cdna sequences were derived from t. kiharae; no introns were spotted in the protein-coding regions of the genes. the deduced wamp precursor proteins consist of a signal peptide, mature peptide (wamp) and c-terminal prosequence. origin of wamps from class i/iv chitinases via deletion of the catalytic domain is proposed based on homology between th ... | 2012 | 22227377 |
| characterization and expression analysis of wox5 genes from wheat and its relatives. | the wuschel (wus)-related homeobox (wox) gene family plays an important role in coordinating gene transcription in the early phases of embryogenesis. in this study, we isolated and characterized wox5 from common wheat and its relatives triticum monococcum, triticum urartu, aegilops speltoides, aegilops searsii, aegilops sharonensis, aegilops longissima, aegilops bicornis, aegilops tauschii, and triticum turgidum. the size of the characterized wox5 alleles ranged from 1029 to 1038 bp and encompas ... | 2014 | 24368329 |
| the response of selected triticum spp. genotypes with different ploidy levels to head blight caused by fusarium culmorum (w.g.smith) sacc. | several cultivars and pure lines of triticum monococcum, t. dicoccon, t. polonicum, t. spelta and t. aestivum were inoculated with fusarium culmorum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight in wheat. during the three-year study, the infection decreased the values of the analyzed yield components: spike weight (by 5.6% to 15.8%), number of kernels per spike (by 2.8% to 11.8%) and one kernel weight (by 8.4% to 10.7%). t. spelta was characterized by the weakest average response to infection. the g ... | 2016 | 27092526 |
| molecular cloning, functional verification, and evolution of tmpm3, the powdery mildew resistance gene of triticum monococcum l. | powdery mildew (pm) is one of the most harmful diseases in wheat. three pm-resistance genes, pm3, pm21, and pm8, have been cloned but most pm3/pm8 alleles have lost their resistance to pm in hexaploid wheat. in this study, a new pm3 homolog gene (tmpm3) was isolated from triticum monococcum l. using a homology-based cloning strategy, being the first report of a functional pm3 homolog gene from a diploid wheat species. the transient expression of tmpm3 in leaf epidermal cells showed that over-exp ... | 2016 | 27173250 |
| microscopic and molecular characterization of the prehaustorial resistance against wheat leaf rust (puccinia triticina) in einkorn (triticum monococcum). | puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici (eriks.), the causal agent of leaf rust, causes substantial yield losses in wheat production. in wheat many major leaf rust resistance genes have been overcome by virulent races. in contrast, the prehaustorial resistance (phr) against wheat leaf rust detected in the diploid wheat einkorn (triticum monoccocum var. monococcum) accession pi272560 confers race-independent resistance against isolates virulent on accessions harboring resistance genes located on the a- ... | 2016 | 27881987 |
| mapping of srtm4, a recessive stem rust resistance gene from diploid wheat effective to ug99. | race ttksk (or ug99) of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat stem rust, is a serious threat to wheat production worldwide. diploid wheat, triticum monococcum (genome am), has been utilized previously for the introgression of stem rust resistance genes sr21, sr22, and sr35. multipathotype seedling tests of biparental populations demonstrated that t. monococcum accession pi 306540 collected in romania contains a recessive resistance gene effective to all p. graminis f. sp. t ... | 2015 | 25844826 |
| identification of wheat gene sr35 that confers resistance to ug99 stem rust race group. | wheat stem rust, caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt), is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses. a previously uncharacterized pgt race, designated ug99, has overcome most of the widely used resistance genes and is threatening major wheat production areas. here, we demonstrate that the sr35 gene from triticum monococcum is a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat gene that confers near immunity to ug99 and related races. this gene is absent in the a-ge ... | 2013 | 23811222 |
| delimitation of the earliness per se d1 (eps-d1) flowering gene to a subtelomeric chromosomal deletion in bread wheat (triticum aestivum). | earliness per se (eps) genes account for the variation in flowering time when vernalization and photoperiod requirements are satisfied. genomics and bioinformatics approaches were used to describe allelic variation for 40 triticum aestivum genes predicted, by synteny with brachypodium distachyon, to be in the 1dl eps region. re-sequencing 1dl genes revealed that varieties carrying early heading alleles at this locus, spark and cadenza, carry a subtelomeric deletion including several genes. the e ... | 2016 | 26476691 |
| a distorted circadian clock causes early flowering and temperature-dependent variation in spike development in the eps-3am mutant of einkorn wheat. | viable circadian clocks help organisms to synchronize their development with daily and seasonal changes, thereby providing both evolutionary fitness and advantage from an agricultural perspective. a high-resolution mapping approach combined with mutant analysis revealed a cereal ortholog of arabidopsis thaliana lux arrhythmo/phytoclock 1 (lux/pcl1) as a promising candidate for the earliness per se 3 (eps-3a(m)) locus in einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum l.). using delayed fluorescence measureme ... | 2014 | 24443443 |
| oddsoc2 is a mads box floral repressor that is down-regulated by vernalization in temperate cereals. | in temperate cereals, such as wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), the transition to reproductive development can be accelerated by prolonged exposure to cold (vernalization). we examined the role of the grass-specific mads box gene oddsoc2 (os2) in the vernalization response in cereals. the barley os2 gene (hvos2) is expressed in leaves and shoot apices but is repressed by vernalization. vernalization represses os2 independently of vernalization1 (vrn1) in a vrn1 deletion mut ... | 2010 | 20431086 |
| regulation of vrn-1 vernalization genes in normal and transgenic polyploid wheat. | vernalization, the requirement of a long exposure to low temperatures to accelerate flowering, is an essential adaptation of plants to cold winters. the vernalization gene vrn-1 plays an important role in this process in diploid (triticum monococcum) and polyploid wheat (triticum aestivum). we have recently shown that the diploid wheat vrn-a(m)1 gene was similar to the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana l. heynh.) apetala1 meristem identity gene. we also showed that dominant vrn-a(m)1 alleles wer ... | 2005 | 16055679 |
| the effects of amino acids and ammonium on the growth of plant cells in suspension culture. | a suspension culture of soybean (glycine max l.) was grown on a defined medium in which the nitrogen sources were nitrate (25 mm) and ammonium (2 mm). the cells did not grow on nitrate unless the medium was supplemented with ammonium or glutamine. the l- and d-isomers of 12 amino acids tested singly could not replace ammonium. most amino acids (4 mm) inhibited growth when the cells were cultured on nitrate and ammonium. cells from five other plants (reseda luteoli l.; triticum monococcum l.; fla ... | 1970 | 16657321 |
| variability in xylanase and xylanase inhibition activities in different cereals in the healthgrain diversity screen and contribution of environment and genotype to this variability in common wheat. | endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8, xylanases) and xylanase inhibitors, that is, taxi (triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor), xip (xylanase inhibiting protein), and tlxi (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor) type xylanase inhibitors, which naturally occur in cereals, are believed to be at the basis of a significant part of the variability in biotechnological functional properties of cereals. xylanase inhibitors in particular affect grain functionality during processing and in animal feeds when ... | 2010 | 20462210 |
| discrete developmental roles for temperate cereal grass vernalization1/fruitfull-like genes in flowering competency and the transition to flowering. | members of the grass subfamily pooideae are characterized by their adaptation to cool temperate climates. vernalization is the process whereby flowering is accelerated in response to a prolonged period of cold. winter cereals are tolerant of low temperatures and flower earlier with vernalization, whereas spring cultivars are intolerant of low temperatures and flower later with vernalization. in the pooid grasses wheat (triticum monococcum, triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), vernali ... | 2008 | 18024551 |
| phylogenetic relationships of 10 grass species: an assessment of phylogenetic utility of the internal transcribed spacer region in nuclear ribosomal dna in monocots. | entire sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (itss) and 5.8s subunit of nuclear ribosomal dna (nrdna) were obtained from nine grass species by direct double-stranded sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified dna fragments. these sequences from subfamily pooideae (triticum aestivum, crithodium monococcum, sitopsis speltoides, hordeum vulgare, secale montanum, avena longiglumis, bromus inermis, brachypodium distachyon) and subfamily panicoideae (sorghum bicolor) together with ... | 1994 | 8181731 |
| comparative analysis of plant finds from early roman graves in ilok (cuccium) and sćitarjevo (andautonia), croatia--a contribution to understanding burial rites in southern pannonia. | a comparative archaeobotanical analysis of the plant remains from the early roman incineration graves in ilok and sćitarjevo shows the existence of a complex burial ritual, but at the same time enables a better understanding of the agriculture and trade of the 1st/early 2nd century ad in southern pannonia. most of the cereals found (hordeum vulgare, panicum miliaceum, triticum monococcum, t. dicoccon, t. aestivum i t. cf. spelta), the legumes (lens culinaris, vicia ervilia) and the fruit contrib ... | 2006 | 16848163 |
| transient expression of electroporated dna in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. | transient expression of electroporated dna was monitored in protoplasts of several monocot and dicot species by assaying for expression of chimeric chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene constructions. expression was obtained in the dicot species of daucus carota, glycine max and petunia hybrida and the monocot species of triticum monococcum, pennisetum purpureum, panicum maximum, saccharum officinarum, and a double cross, trispecific hybrid between pennisetum purpureum, p. americanum, and ... | 1987 | 24248756 |
| inhibitory activities against heterologous α-amylases and in vitro allergenic reactivity of einkorn wheats. | salt extracts from seeds of 36 lines of einkorn wheats were analyzed for their inhibitory activity towards two insect (tenebrio molitor, coleoptera, and ephestia kuehniella, lepidoptera) and one mammalian (human salivary) α-amylases. whereas all ten t. monococcum accessions tested were active towards the lepidopteran enzyme, they had no effect on the coleopteran or the mammalian ones. more variability was found among the 21 lines of t. boeticum analyzed, although none of them inhibited human α-a ... | 1996 | 24162403 |
| fine mapping of two wheat powdery mildew resistance genes located at the cluster. | powdery mildew caused by (dc.) f. sp. () is a globally devastating foliar disease of wheat ( l.). more than a dozen genes against this disease, identified from wheat germplasms of different ploidy levels, have been mapped to the region surrounding the locus on the long arm of chromosome 7a, which forms a resistance ()-gene cluster. and from einkorn wheat ( l.) were two of the genes belonging to this cluster. this study was initiated to fine map these two genes toward map-based cloning. comparati ... | 2016 | 27898804 |
| ethylene production by plant cell cultures: variations in production during growing cycle and in different plant species. | suspension cultures of rosa sp., soybean (glycine max l.), wheat (triticum monococcum l.), sweet clover (melilotus alba desc.), haplopappus gracilis nutt., and rue (ruta graveolens) produced ethylene. the amount varied with the species. the rate of formation in rose and haplopappus cells paralleled growth but accelerated when the stationary phase was reached, after which the rate declined sharply. light was not required for ethylene production. exogenous ethylene could not replace 2,4-dichloroph ... | 1971 | 16657806 |
| transient expression of foreign genes in rice, wheat and soybean cells following particle bombardment. | the development of an efficient transformation system is a prerequisite for the molecular analysis of gene expression in plants. in crop plants, this development has been hindered by difficulties encountered both in whole plant regeneration from protoplasts and in the general insusceptibility of monocots to agrobacterium-mediated transformation. we have circumvented these difficulties by transferring foreign genes directly into the intact cells (with cell walls) of three important crop plants in ... | 1988 | 24272400 |
| the effect of the source of inorganic nitrogen on growth and enzymes of nitrogen assimilation in soybean and wheat cells in suspension cultures. | soybean (glycine max l. cv. mandarin) and wheat (triticum monococcum l.) cells were grown in media with no3 (-) plus nh4 (+) (b5) and no3 (-) without nh4 (+) (b5-nh4) as nitrogen sources. changes in ph, [no3 (-)] and [nh4 (+)] in media, and dry weight, protein content, nitrate reductase (nr) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) in the cells were followed for about 170 h. with both nh4 (+) and no3 (-) in the medium, nh4 (+) was utilized very quickly. soybean cells grew poorly in the absence of nh4 ( ... | 1972 | 24477698 |
| a new map location of gene stb3 for resistance to septoria tritici blotch in wheat. | septoria tritici blotch (stb), caused by mycosphaerella graminicola (synonym: zymoseptoria tritici; asexual stage: septoria tritici), is an important disease of wheat worldwide. management of the disease usually is by host resistance or fungicides. however, m. graminicola has developed insensitivity to most commonly applied fungicides so there is a continuing need for well-characterized sources of host resistance to accelerate the development of improved wheat cultivars. gene stb3 has been a use ... | 2017 | 27959972 |
| dental calculus reveals mesolithic foragers in the balkans consumed domesticated plant foods. | researchers agree that domesticated plants were introduced into southeast europe from southwest asia as a part of a neolithic "package," which included domesticated animals and artifacts typical of farming communities. it is commonly believed that this package reached inland areas of the balkans by ∼6200 calibrated (cal.) bc or later. our analysis of the starch record entrapped in dental calculus of mesolithic human teeth at the site of vlasac in the danube gorges of the central balkans provides ... | 0 | 27573829 |
| protective effects of id331 triticum monococcum gliadin on in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium. | a growing interest in developing new strategies for preventing coeliac disease has motivated efforts to identify cereals with null or reduced toxicity. in the current study, we investigate the biological effects of id331 triticum monococcum gliadin-derived peptides in human caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. triticum aestivum gliadin derived peptides were employed as a positive control. the effects on epithelial permeability, zonulin release, viability, and cytoskeleton reorganization were inve ... | 0 | 27374565 |
| search for atoxic cereals: a single blind, cross-over study on the safety of a single dose of triticum monococcum, in patients with celiac disease. | cereals of baking quality with absent or reduced toxicity are actively sought as alternative therapy to a gluten-free diet (gfd) for patients with coeliac disease (cd). triticum monococcum, an ancient wheat, is a potential candidate having no toxicity in in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. the aim of our study was to investigate on the safety of administration of a single dose of gluten of tm in patients with cd on gfd. | 0 | 23706063 |
| natural variation in grain composition of wheat and related cereals. | the wheat grain comprises three groups of major components, starch, protein, and cell wall polysaccharides (dietary fiber), and a range of minor components that may confer benefits to human health. detailed analyses of dietary fiber and other bioactive components were carried out under the eu fp6 healthgrain program on 150 bread wheat lines grown on a single site, 50 lines of other wheat species and other cereals grown on the same site, and 23-26 bread wheat lines grown in six environments. prin ... | 0 | 23414336 |
| regulation of freezing tolerance and flowering in temperate cereals: the vrn-1 connection. | in winter wheat (triticum spp.) and barley (hordeum vulgare) varieties, long exposures to nonfreezing cold temperatures accelerate flowering time (vernalization) and improve freezing tolerance (cold acclimation). however, when plants initiate their reproductive development, freezing tolerance decreases, suggesting a connection between the two processes. to better understand this connection, we used two diploid wheat (triticum monococcum) mutants, maintained vegetative phase (mvp), that carry del ... | 0 | 20571115 |
| control of flowering time and spike development in cereals: the earliness per se eps-1 region in wheat, rice, and brachypodium. | the earliness per se gene eps-a ( m ) 1 from diploid wheat triticum monococcum affects heading time, spike development, and spikelet number. in this study, the eps1 orthologous regions from rice, aegilops tauschii, and brachypodium distachyon were compared as part of current efforts to clone this gene. a single brachypodium bac clone spanned the eps-a ( m ) 1 region, but a gap was detected in the a. tauschii physical map. sequencing of the brachypodium and a. tauschii bac clones revealed three g ... | 0 | 19851796 |
| quantifying the three main components of salinity tolerance in cereals. | salinity stress is a major factor inhibiting cereal yield throughout the world. tolerance to salinity stress can be considered to contain three main components: na(+) exclusion, tolerance to na(+) in the tissues and osmotic tolerance. to date, most experimental work on salinity tolerance in cereals has focused on na(+) exclusion due in part to its ease of measurement. it has become apparent, however, that na(+) exclusion is not the sole mechanism for salinity tolerance in cereals, and research n ... | 0 | 19054352 |
| the healthgrain cereal diversity screen: concept, results, and prospects. | one hundred and fifty bread wheat lines and 50 other lines of small-grain cereals (spelt, durum wheat, triticum monococcum, triticum dicoccum, oats, rye, and barley) were selected for diversity in their geographical origin, age, and characteristics. they were grown on a single site in hungary in 2004-2005, harvested, milled, and analyzed for a range of phytochemicals (tocols, sterols, phenolic acids, folates, alkylresorcinols) and fiber components that are considered to have health benefits. det ... | 0 | 18921969 |
| mads box genes control vernalization-induced flowering in cereals. | by comparing expression levels of mads box transcription factor genes between near-isogenic winter and spring lines of bread wheat, triticum aestivum, we have identified wap1 as the probable candidate for the vrn-1 gene, the major locus controlling the vernalization flowering response in wheat. wap1 is strongly expressed in spring wheats and moderately expressed in semispring wheats, but is not expressed in winter wheat plants that have not been exposed to vernalization treatment. vernalization ... | 0 | 14557548 |
| two loci on wheat chromosome 5a regulate the differential cold-dependent expression of the cor14b gene in frost-tolerant and frost-sensitive genotypes. | although cold acclimation in cereals involves the expression of many cold-regulated genes, genetic studies have shown that only very few chromosomal regions carry loci that play an important role in frost tolerance. to investigate the genetic relationship between frost tolerance and the expression of cold-regulated genes, the expression and regulation of the wheat homolog of the barley cold-regulated gene cor14b was studied at various temperatures in frost-sensitive and frost-tolerant wheat geno ... | 0 | 10778737 |
| genetic and physical characterization of grain texture-related loci in diploid wheat. | endosperm texture, i.e. the hardness or softness of the grain, is an important quality criterion in cereals because it determines many grain end-use properties. grain softness is the dominant trait and is mainly controlled by the ha locus on the short arm of chromosome 5d in hexaploid bread wheat. genes for puroindoline a (pina-d1), puroindoline b (pinb-d1), and grain softness related protein (gsp-d1) have been shown to be linked to the ha locus in different mapping populations and have been ass ... | 0 | 10628869 |
| identifying variation in resistance to the take-all fungus, gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, between different ancestral and modern wheat species. | ancestral wheat relatives are important sources of genetic diversity for the introduction of novel traits for the improvement of modern bread wheat. in this study the aim was to assess the susceptibility of 34 accessions of the diploid wheat triticum monococcum (a genome) to gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt), the causal agent of take-all disease. the second aim was to explore the susceptibility of tetraploid wheat (t. durum) and the b genome progenitor species aegilops speltoides to ggt ... | 2014 | 25084989 |
| geographic mosaics and changing rates of cereal domestication. | domestication is the process by which plants or animals evolved to fit a human-managed environment, and it is marked by innovations in plant morphology and anatomy that are in turn correlated with new human behaviours and technologies for harvesting, storage and field preparation. archaeobotanical evidence has revealed that domestication was a protracted process taking thousands of plant generations. within this protracted process there were changes in the selection pressures for domestication t ... | 2017 | 29061901 |
| comparative sequence analysis of vrn1 alleles of lolium perenne with the co-linear regions in barley, wheat, and rice. | vernalization, a period of low temperature to induce transition from vegetative to reproductive state, is an important environmental stimulus for many cool season grasses. a key gene in the vernalization pathway in grasses is the vrn1 gene. the objective of this study was to identify causative polymorphism(s) at the vrn1 locus in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) for variation in vernalization requirement. two allelic bacterial artificial chromosome clones of the vrn1 locus from the two genoty ... | 2011 | 22081040 |
| a sodium transporter (hkt7) is a candidate for nax1, a gene for salt tolerance in durum wheat. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is more salt sensitive than bread wheat (triticum aestivum). a novel source of na(+) exclusion conferring salt tolerance to durum wheat is present in the durum wheat line 149 derived from triticum monococcum c68-101, and a quantitative trait locus contributing to low na(+) concentration in leaf blades, nax1, mapped to chromosome 2al. in this study, we used the rice (oryza sativa) genome sequence and data from the wheat expressed sequence tag deletion ... | 2006 | 17071645 |
| vernalization response in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) involves orthologues of diploid wheat (triticum monococcum) vrn1 and rice (oryza sativa) hd1. | flowering time is important when adapting crop plants to different environments. while high feeding quality of forage grasses is facilitated by repression of flowering, flowering should also be inducible to facilitate grass seed production. consequently, the identification and characterization of the genes controlling flowering time in forage grasses, including perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.), is of great interest. in this study, three candidate genes for vernalization response genes in p ... | 2006 | 16525886 |
| cacta transposons in triticeae. a diverse family of high-copy repetitive elements. | in comparison with retrotransposons, which comprise the majority of the triticeae genomes, very few class 2 transposons have been described in these genomes. based on the recent discovery of a local accumulation of cacta elements at the glu-a3 loci in the two wheat species triticum monococcum and triticum durum, we performed a database search for additional such elements in triticeae spp. a combination of blast search and dot-plot analysis of publicly available triticeae sequences led to the ide ... | 2003 | 12746511 |
| uptake of isolated plant chromosomes by plant protoplasts. | for mass isolation of plant metaphase chromosomes, cultured cells of wheat (triticum monococcum) and parsley (petroselinum hortense) were synchronized by hydroxyurea and colchicine treatment. this synchronization procedure resulted in high mitotic synchrony, especially in suspension cultures of parsley in which 80% of the cells were found to be at the metaphase stage. mitotic protoplasts isolated from these synchronized cell cultures served as a source for isolation of chromosomes. the described ... | 1981 | 24301721 |
| genome size in wild pisum species. | genome size was measured in 75 samples of the wild pea species pisum abyssinicum, p. elatius, p. fulvum and p. humile by ethidium-bromide (eb) flow cytometry (internal standard: triticum monococcum) and feulgen densitometry (internal standard: pisum sativum 'kleine rheinländerin'). total variation of eb-dna between samples covered 97.7% to 114.9% of the p. sativum value, and feulgen dna values were strongly correlated with eb-dna values (r=0.9317, p < 0.001). only p. fulvum was homogeneous in ge ... | 1996 | 24162399 |
| on the origin of the non-brittle rachis trait of domesticated einkorn wheat. | einkorn and emmer wheat together with barley were among the first cereals domesticated by humans more than 10,000 years ago, long before durum or bread wheat originated. domesticated einkorn wheat differs from its wild progenitor in basic morphological characters such as the grain dispersal system. this study identified the non-brittle rachis 1 (btr1) and non-brittle rachis 2 (btr2) in einkorn as homologous to barley. re-sequencing of the btr1 and btr2 in a collection of 53 lines showed that a s ... | 2017 | 29354137 |
| aetmyc1, the candidate gene controlling the red coleoptile trait in aegilops tauschii coss. accession as77. | the red coleoptile trait can help monocotyledonous plants withstand stresses, and key genes responsible for the trait have been isolated from triticum aestivum, triticum urartu, and triticum monococcum, but no corresponding research has been reported for aegilops tauschii. in this research, transcriptome analysis was performed to isolate the candidate gene controlling the white coleoptile trait in ae. tauschii. there were 5348 upregulated, differentially-expressed genes (degs) and 4761 downregul ... | 2017 | 29258257 |
| molecular and agro-morphological characterization of ancient wheat landraces of turkey. | turkey is one of the important gene centers for many crop species. in this research, some ancient wheats such as tetraploid and diploid hulled wheats together with hexaploid tir wheats (triticum aestivum ssp. leucospermum korn.) landraces mainly adapted to harsh winter conditions of eastern anatolian region of turkey were characterized at agro-morphological and molecular level. totally 50 hulled wheat population from kastamonu, konya and kayseri provinces and 15 tir wheats from kars provinces of ... | 2017 | 29143602 |
| loss-of-function mutations in three homoeologous phytoclock 1 genes in common wheat are associated with the extra-early flowering phenotype. | triticum aestivum l. cv 'chogokuwase' is an extra-early flowering common wheat cultivar that is insensitive to photoperiod conferred by the photoperiod insensitive alleles at the photoperiod-b1 (ppd-b1) and ppd-d1loci, and does not require vernalization for flowering. this reduced vernalization requirement is likely due to the spring habitat allele vrn-d1 at the vernalization-d1 locus. genotypes of the ppd-1 loci that determine photoperiod sensitivity do not fully explain the insensitivity to ph ... | 2016 | 27788250 |
| genome-wide characterization of microsatellites in triticeae species: abundance, distribution and evolution. | microsatellites are an important constituent of plant genome and distributed across entire genome. in this study, genome-wide analysis of microsatellites in 8 triticeae species and 9 model plants revealed that microsatellite characteristics were similar among the triticeae species. furthermore, genome-wide microsatellite markers were designed in wheat and then used to analyze the evolutionary relationship of wheat and other triticeae species. results displayed that aegilops tauschii was found to ... | 2016 | 27561724 |
| cytomolecular discrimination of the am chromosomes of triticum monococcum and the a chromosomes of triticum aestivum using microsatellite dna repeats. | the cytomolecular discrimination of the am- and a-genome chromosomes facilitates the selection of wheat-triticum monococcum introgression lines. fluorescence in situ hybridisation (fish) with the commonly used dna probes afa family, 18s rdna and psc119.2 showed that the more complex hybridisation pattern obtained in t. monococcum relative to bread wheat made it possible to differentiate the am and a chromosomes within homoeologous groups 1, 4 and 5. in order to provide additional chromosomal lan ... | 2017 | 27468932 |
| characterization of two hkt1;4 transporters from triticum monococcum to elucidate the determinants of the wheat salt tolerance nax1 qtl. | tmhkt1;4-a1 and tmhkt1;4-a2 are two na+ transporter genes that have been identified as associated with the salt tolerance nax1 locus found in a durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum) line issued from a cross with t. monococcum. in the present study, we were interested in getting clues on the molecular mechanisms underpinning this salt tolerance quantitative trait locus (qtl). by analyzing the phylogenetic relationships between wheat and t. monococcum hkt1;4-type genes, we found that dur ... | 2016 | 27440547 |
| resistance of wheat accessions to the english grain aphid sitobion avenae. | the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae, is a major pest species of wheat crops; however, certain varieties may have stronger resistance to infestation than others. here, we investigated 3 classical resistance mechanisms (antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance) by 14 wheat varieties/lines to s. avenae under laboratory and field conditions. under laboratory conditions, alatae given the choice between 2 wheat varieties, strongly discriminated against certain varieties. specifically, the 'amigo' v ... | 2016 | 27249206 |
| proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis reveals the response and defense mechanism in leaves of diploid wheat t. monococcum under salt stress and recovery. | salinity is a major abiotic stress factor affecting crops production and productivity. triticum monococcum is closely related to triticum urartu (a(u)a(u)), which is used as a model plant of wheat a genome study. here, salt stress induced dynamic proteome and phosphoproteome profiling was focused. the t. monococcum seedlings were initially treated with different concentrations of nacl ranging from 80 to 320mm for 48h followed by a recovery process for 48h prior to proteomic and phosphoproteomic ... | 2016 | 27095598 |
| wheat mirna ancestors: evident by transcriptome analysis of a, b, and d genome donors. | micrornas are critical players of post-transcriptional gene regulation with profound effects on the fundamental processes of cellular life. their identification and characterization, together with their targets, hold great significance in exploring and exploiting their roles on a functional context, providing valuable clues into the regulation of important biological processes, such as stress tolerance or environmental adaptation. wheat is a hardy crop, extensively harvested in temperate regions ... | 2017 | 27032785 |
| (gaa)n microsatellite as an indicator of the a genome reorganization during wheat evolution and domestication. | although the wheat a genomes have been intensively studied over past decades, many questions concerning the mechanisms of their divergence and evolution still remain unsolved. in the present study we performed comparative analysis of the a genome chromosomes in diploid (triticum urartu tumanian ex gandilyan, 1972, triticum boeoticum boissier, 1874 and triticum monococcum linnaeus, 1753) and polyploid wheat species representing two evolutionary lineages, timopheevi (triticum timopheevii (zhukovsk ... | 2015 | 26753073 |