| effects of citrus pulp in high urea rations for steers. | effects of pelleted and conventional citrus pulp as a replacement for corn, with soybean meal added to keep protein comparable, were tested in rations with 5% urea and 33.33% sugarcane bagasse for fistulated steers. thus, all rations were low in readily fermented carbohydrates other than those of corn or citrus pulp. evaluation criteria were concentrations of urea in blood and of ph, ammonia, and volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid. citrus pulp for diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 0, 19, 38, or 55%. rum ... | 1976 | 6495 |
| enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials by sclerotium rolfsii culture filtrate for sugar production. | the hydrolysis of purified celluloses (cotton, avicel, cellulose-123, solka floc sw40) and cellulosic wastes (rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, wood powders, paper factory effluents) by sclerotium rolfsii cpc 142 culture filtrate was studied. factors which effect saccharification such as ph, temperature, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, produce inhibition, adsorption, and inactivation of enzyme and particle size were studied. virtually no inhibition (less than 3%) of cellulose hydroly ... | 1979 | 38898 |
| the relationship between membrane atpase activity in sugarcane and heat-induced resistance to helminthosporoside. | 1. heating of susceptible sugarcane leaves (4 h at 35 degrees c) renders them resistant, for 24 h, to the effects of helminthosporoside. membrane atpase activity is reduced by 50% as a result of the heat treatment. when the leaves again become susceptible (after 24 h), membrane. atpase activity is fully restored. 2. inhibitors of membrane atpase activity protect susceptible leaves from the effects of helminthosporoside (kf, edta, and octylguanidine). 3. helminthosporoside activates (30%) membran ... | 1979 | 158388 |
| transfer of toxin susceptibility to plant protoplasts via the hemlmintosporoside binding protein of sugarcane. | | 1975 | 1169066 |
| deficiency of toxin-binding protein activity in mutants of sugarcane clone h54-775 as it relates to disease resistance. | three mutants selected from a population of sugarcane clone h54-775 that had been irradiated with 3 kr gamma-radiation all lacked toxin-binding protein activity. this activity previously had been shown to be essential for eye spot disease susceptibility and was demonstrated in the susceptible parent clone h54-775. in one mutant, the biochemical, immunochemical, and electrophoretic mobilities of the toxin-binding protein were all modified. | 1975 | 1203055 |
| effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment on cell wall composition and digestion kinetics of sugarcane residues and wheat straw. | our objective was to characterize changes in cell wall composition and digestibility of sugarcane bagasse, pith from bagasse, and wheat straw after treatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (ahp). the ahp treatment solution contained 1% h2o2 (wt/vol) maintained at ph 11.5 with naoh. the h2o2 in solution amounted to 25% of the quantity of substrate treated. after treatment, residues were washed and dried. detergent fiber composition, total fiber components (neutral sugars, uronic acids, klason li ... | 1992 | 1328129 |
| fungal protein enrichment of residual liquor from a sugar-cane waste saccharum officinarum. | the use of residual liquor obtained from cane-thrash, a sugar-cane waste saccharum officinarum, l. , as a protein source was studied. the cane-thrash was available in local sugar-mills and the fungus utilized, the aspergillus niger iz-9, was provided by the university of são paulo and derived from a strain under the number nrrl-337. the liquor was previously hydrolyzed and physicochemical analyses were performed. total nitrogen and amino acid contents were measured in the final product. the synt ... | 1992 | 1342170 |
| pcr amplification of a specific double-stranded rna region of fiji disease virus from diseased sugarcane. | a 450-bp region from one species of the segmented dsrna genome of fiji disease virus (fdv) was amplified from total nucleic acid extracts of diseased plants by reverse transcription with mmlv, followed by amplification with taq dna polymerase (rt-pcr). other fdv-specific regions (c 150 bp and c 270 bp) were also amplified from the dsrna template. fdv cdna was only synthesised when the viral dsrna template was boiled and quenched with fdv-specific or random hexamer primers. the reverse transcript ... | 1992 | 1385465 |
| differentiation of the four viruses of the sugarcane mosaic virus subgroup based on cytopathology. | a cytological comparison has been made of representative isolates of johnsongrass mosaic (jgmv), maize dwarf mosaic (mdmv), sorghum mosaic (srmv) and sugarcane mosaic (scmv) viruses. these four viruses now encompass the complex of virus strains which were formerly considered as strains of sugarcane mosaic and/or maize dwarf mosaic viruses. the structure of the cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions induced by these viruses, together with other cytological alterations, allow the four viruses to be di ... | 1992 | 1450762 |
| present status of the sugarcane mosaic subgroup of potyviruses. | until recently, sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) was believed to be a single potyvirus consisting of a large number of strains, differing from each other in certain biological and antigenic properties. the use of affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies directed towards the surface-located, virus-specific amino termini of the coat proteins showed that 17 strains from australia and the united states represented four distinct potyviruses, namely johnsongrass mosaic virus (jgmv), maize dwarf mosaic vir ... | 1992 | 1450763 |
| fauna, flora, fowl, and fruit: effects of the columbian exchange on the allergic response of new and old world inhabitants. | the columbian exchange has been described as "the most important event in human history since the end of the ice age." this interchange of many species of fauna, flora, fowl, and fruits resulted in new encounters between new and old world inhabitants. prominent among these were manifestations of allergic reactions to many of the new substances. little imagination is required to reflect on what these substances, added to or detracted from both the new and old world lifestyles, habits, and diets. ... | 1992 | 1490627 |
| differentiation of potyviruses and their strains by hybridization with the 3' non-coding region of the viral genome. | nucleic acid hybridization with the 3' non-coding region of the potyvirus genome as the probe was shown to be a relatively simple means of distinguishing between distinct potyviruses and their strains. comparisons of the nucleotide sequences of potyvirus genomes (ignoring gaps) showed that the degree of identity between equivalent genes of strains was greater than 96%, while between distinct potyviruses the identity ranged from 42% to 65%, suggesting that any extended sequence could be considere ... | 1992 | 1551936 |
| genome typing of southern african subgroup 1 geminiviruses. | the relatedness of subgroup 1 geminiviruses from a variety of naturally infected southern african graminaceous hosts was compared by dna cross-hybridization, restriction endonuclease mapping and partial sequencing. cross-hybridization divided the viruses into three groups: those closely related to maize streak virus (msvs), and separate groups comprising a panicum sp. virus (pansv) and two sugarcane viruses (ssvs). restriction mapping and comparisons, and phylogeny reconstructions from map data, ... | 1992 | 1588313 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of potato virus a rna. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal region of the genome of the potato virus a (pva) was obtained from two independent cdna clones. this sequence is 1383 nucleotides long and contains an open reading frame of 1178 nucleotides, ending with the translation termination codon taa and followed by untranslated region of 205 nucleotides. since the n-terminal amino acid of the coat protein of pva was blocked, the position of the putative coat protein cleavage site has been deduced by searching for consensus ... | 1992 | 1604933 |
| transient expression of the coat protein of sugarcane mosaic virus in sugarcane protoplasts and expression in escherichia coli. | the coat protein (cp) of strain sc of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv-sc) was expressed transiently in sugarcane protoplasts after electroporation with one of two plasmids encoding the cp gene. the cp gene was fused with either the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or the synthetic monocotyledon promoter "emu". the coat protein gene was also inducibly expressed in escherichia coli when fused to the trc promoter. the protein expressed in both systems had the same electrophoretic mobility and ant ... | 1992 | 1642548 |
| effects of isoacids, urea, and sulfur on ruminal fermentation in sheep fed high fiber diets. | the effects of isoacids, urea n, and s on ruminal fermentation of sugarcane bagasse- or corn stover-based diets were studied in sheep. acetate production was taken as a measure of the fermentation rate. for the sugarcane bagasse diet, neither urea nor s supplementation changed ruminal acetate production. when n and s were combined, acetate production was 44% higher (3.16 vs. 2.18 mol/d). similar effects were noted for the corn stover diet. increasing the level of isoacids from .1 to .2 g/kg bw p ... | 1991 | 1655846 |
| effects of a microbial inoculant and(or) sugarcane molasses on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and digestibility of bermudagrass ensiled at two moisture contents. | tifton 81 bermudagrass was harvested and ensiled either directly (d; 32.4% dm) or wilted (w; 44.1% dm). four treatments applied to each harvesting method were 1) control (c), or no additive; 2) dried cane molasses (m) at 5% of dm; 3) microbial inoculant (i; pioneer 1174); and 4) a combination of treatments 2 and 3 (mi). wilting reduced the rate of decline of silage ph (p = .001) and produced silages with greater lactic acid concentrations (p = .069), lower acetic acid (p = .001) and ammonia cont ... | 1991 | 1661282 |
| serotyping and strain identification of maize streak virus isolates. | four strains of maize streak virus, namely the panicum maximum, digitaria setigera and sugarcane strains, have been identified from 19 isolates by elisa using polyclonal antisera cross-absorbed with particles of the maize strain. the results suggest there is an epitope of the maize strain which is not dependent on the capsid being intact and which is common to all the members of the group; other strain-specific epitopes are probably conformation-dependent. a specific epitope (probably internal) ... | 1990 | 1697327 |
| stability and extractability of double-stranded rna of pangola stunt and sugarcane fiji disease viruses in dried plant tissues. | when leaves infected with pangola stunt virus (pasv) were dried at 23, 37, 50, 70 or 105 degrees c, the dsrna was stable and could be extracted after aerobic storage at room temperature for 1 month, although at 105 degrees c the amount obtained was reduced. the dsrna was also recovered after leaves were freeze dried and stored in vacuo at room temperature for 6 months, or were dried and stored aerobically at room temperature for 10.5 months. dsrna of sugarcane fiji disease virus (fdv) was also s ... | 1991 | 1939508 |
| unexpected sequence diversity in the amino-terminal ends of the coat proteins of strains of sugarcane mosaic virus. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1343 nucleotides of the sc strain of the sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv-sc) genome was compared with the 1376 nucleotides at the 3' terminus of maize dwarf mosaic virus b (mdmv-b). the scmv-sc sequence includes an open reading frame which codes for the viral coat protein of 313 amino acids (nucleotides 157 to 1116), followed by a 3' non-coding region of 235 nucleotides and a poly(a) tail. the mdmv-b sequence codes for the capsid protein (nucleotides 157 to 1139) of ... | 1991 | 1993866 |
| characterization of the sugarcane streak agent as a distinct geminivirus. | the relationship between maize streak virus and the geminivirus causing streak in sugarcane was investigated. the dna of sugarcane streak virus does not cross-hybridize detectably with that of maize streak virus and vice versa. restriction mapping of native replicative form viral dna (genome size 2.7 kb) and of cloned viral dna, combined with limited sequencing and estimated dna sequence divergence, showed that sugarcane streak virus is as unrelated to maize streak virus and digitaria streak vir ... | 1991 | 2016148 |
| thermophilic streptomyces found in sugarcane environments in jujuy, argentina. | the thermophilic streptomyces strains isolated from: a) airborne dust of bagasse storing area, b) dry sugarcane residues and c) stored sugar manufacture wastes are described. the strains grown at maximal rates at 50 degrees c have a gray shade after 48 h. all the mature spores retain the malachite green stain. they were identified with williams' clusters: s. chromofuscus, s. cyaneus, s. microflavus, s. antibioticus, s. halstedii and s. violaceusniger. the last three clusters coincide with the sp ... | 1990 | 2102012 |
| detection and typing of maize streak virus and other distantly related geminiviruses of grasses by polymerase chain reaction amplification of a conserved viral sequence. | the application of the polymerase chain reaction dna amplification technique to the detection and typing of isolates of maize streak virus (msv) and other related geminiviruses of grasses is described. the oligonucleotide primers used for amplification were 17-mers which contained a number of degeneracies. an approximately 250 base pair fragment was amplified from all geminivirus-infected grass and cereal samples tested. the amplification reaction was specific, working down to a concentration of ... | 1990 | 2254750 |
| preliminary characterization of an antibiotic produced by xanthomonas albilineans which inhibits dna synthesis in escherichia coli. | chlorosis-inducing isolates of xanthomonas albilineans, the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen, produced a mixture of antibacterial compounds in culture. the antibiotic mixture, which eluted as a single strongly retarded peak from sephadex lh-20 in methanol, was bactericidal to escherichia coli. inhibition of e. coli was not reversed by added nutrients, and affected cells were not lysed but many accumulated polyphosphate granules. the major antibacterial component, isolated in crystalline form after ... | 1985 | 2410547 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of potato virus yn rna. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1611 nucleotides of the genome of the tobacco veinal necrosis strain of potato virus y (pvyn) was determined. the sequence revealed an open reading frame of 1285 nucleotides, of which the start was not identified, and an untranslated region of 316 nucleotides upstream of a poly(a) tract. comparison of the open reading frame with the amino-terminal sequence of the viral coat protein enabled mapping of the start of the coat protein at amino acid -267, and indicated ... | 1989 | 2732687 |
| association of biogenic silica with disease. | certain plants contain structures consisting of biogenic silica. this form of silica has been implicated as a causative agent in the high esophageal cancer areas of southern africa, northeast iran, and northern china. a spicule shape of biogenic silica is known to act as a tumor promoter in the mouse skin model system. the observation that fine biogenic silica fibers are found in leaves of sugarcane may pose a hazard for cane workers; also, the discovery that bracken contains silica fibers could ... | 1986 | 3016670 |
| effects of neutral detergent fiber and roughage source on dry matter intake and milk yield and composition of dairy cows. | data were from 20 experiments that utilized early to midlactation holstein cows fed complete mixed diets or fed at constant forage:concentrate ratios. within-cow diet comparisons (1688 cow-periods) were analyzed by least squares analysis of variance; mathematical model included experiment, cow in experiment, period, body weight, and source of roughage. objectives were to determine relationships between neutral detergent fiber content of diet and milk yield and dry matter intake. roughages and nu ... | 1987 | 3033038 |
| coat protein of potyviruses. 5. symptomatology, serology, and coat protein sequences of three strains of passionfruit woodiness virus. | three strains of passionfruit woodiness virus, tip blight (pwv-tb), severe (pwv-s) and mild (pwv-m), were compared on the basis of their biological, serological and coat protein structural properties. each of the strains could be distinguished on the basis of their reactions on selected test plant species but no differences were observed in the serological properties of the three pwv strains. molecular weight estimates on sds-page suggest the pwv coat protein contains 275 amino acid residues and ... | 1988 | 3202695 |
| the use of biotin-conjugated antisera in immunoassays for plant viruses. | biotin-conjugated antisera to two strains of sugarcane mosaic virus and erysimum latent virus were used to detect the viruses in extracts of infected plants. two methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and electroblot immunoassays, were used. the antisera were found to be sufficiently sensitive for detection of the viruses. virus strain specificities observed for the antisera agreed with those found using immunoelectron microscopy and electroblot immunoassay. the sensitivity of biotin conjug ... | 1986 | 3722310 |
| effect of glycans of saccharum officinarum on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of rats. | a polysaccharide fraction of saccharum officinarum was tested for its effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal rats and those fed a high sugar diet. feeding with the high sugar diet induced an elevation of serum glucose and significant accumulation of lipid peroxides in the serum and liver. the accumulation of lipid peroxides was inhibited by combined feeding with the polysaccharide fraction. pathological examination showed that endothelial cell swelling in ascending aorta was foun ... | 1985 | 4094470 |
| evidence for the presence of the toxin-binding protein on the plasma membrane of sugarcane cells. | helminthosporoside is a host-specific toxin produced by helminthosporium sacchari, both in culture and in infected sugarcane tissue. the susceptibility of any given clone of sugarcane to disease is invariably associated with the presence of a toxin-binding protein. this report presents evidence for the presence of the toxin-binding protein on the plasma membrane of the plant cell. this evidence includes, among others: (1) the protection of susceptible plant tissues by prior treatment with antise ... | 1974 | 4208550 |
| biological ensiling of sugarcane tops. vii. isolation and characteristics of lactic acid bacteria. | | 1974 | 4215715 |
| [influence of ph on the sugarcane mosaic virus]. | | 1971 | 4261514 |
| [hydrocyanic acid poisoning in cattle caused by grazing on sugar cane (saccharum officinarum) and supplemental feeding of fruits of the algarrobo tree (prosopis juliflora)]. | | 1969 | 4310389 |
| biological ensiling of sugarcane tops. vi. influence of naturally occurring microbial growth-promoting substances in sugarcane tops, malt, and alfalfa. | | 1974 | 4609859 |
| the helminthosporoside-binding protein of sugarcane. its properties and relationship to susceptibility to the eye spot disease. | | 1973 | 4686928 |
| cellulose fermentation: effect of substrate pretreatment on microbial growth. | the effects of chemical, physical, and enzymatic treatments of rice straw and sugarcane bagasse on the microbial digestibility of cellulose have been investigated. treatment with 4% naoh for 15 min at 100 c increased the digestibility of cellulose from 29.4 to 73%. treatment with 5.2% nh(3) could increase digestibility to 57.0% treatments with sulfuric acid and crude cellulase preparation solubilized cellulose but did not increase the digestibility. grinding or high-pressure cooking of the subst ... | 1974 | 4809907 |
| d-arabitol production by endomycopsis burtonii in sugarcane juice media. | | 1972 | 5070708 |
| catalase and peroxidase activity in sugarcane infected with sugarcane mosaic virus. | | 1970 | 5413808 |
| phenolic content of sugarcane in relation to red rot disease. | | 1970 | 5483747 |
| differentiation of aerobacter-klebsiella isolated from sugarcane. | three hundred and eighty-four isolates were obtained in the completed test portion of the most probable number determinations of coliforms in sugarcane sources. of these isolates, 88% were of the (- - + +) indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer, citrate (imvic) type and were identified as aerobacter aerogenes according to the protocol of the american public health association (1). employing 359 of these cultures, a comparative biochemical, serological, and pathogenicity study was carried out with k ... | 1968 | 5726159 |
| a survey of plants for leaf peroxisomes. | leaves of 10 plant species, 7 with photorespiration (spinach, sunflower, tobacco, pea, wheat, bean, and swiss chard) and 3 without photorespiration (corn, sugarcane, and pigweed), were surveyed for peroxisomes. the distribution pattern for glycolate oxidase, glyoxylate reductase, catalase, and part of the malate dehydrogenase indicated that these enzymes exist together in this organelle. the peroxisomes were isolated at the interface between layers of 1.8 to 2.3 m sucrose by isopycnic nonlinear ... | 1969 | 5775848 |
| purification and electron microscopy of sugarcane mosaic virus. | | 1966 | 5905297 |
| [isolation, culture and test of the toxicity of toxigenic fungi from mildewed sugarcane]. | | 1984 | 6442604 |
| acute and environmental toxicity studies with hexazinone. | the acute toxicity of hexazinone, a herbicide intended for general noncropland areas and selected crop uses (alfalfa and sugarcane), has been evaluated to establish proper handling guidelines and to measure its potential impact on the environment. the material is slightly to moderately toxic when given as a single oral dose; its ld50 in male rats is 1690 mg/kg, in male guinea pigs 860 mg/kg, and in male dogs greater than 3400 mg/kg although in the dog emesis prevented accurate quantitation. when ... | 1984 | 6479506 |
| detection of double-stranded rna by serologically specific electron microscopy. | details of a procedure for detecting double-stranded rna (dsrna) in virus and viroid infected tissue extracts using serologically specific electron microscopy are given. a method for staining dsrna, based on in situ formation of uranyl phosphate, that consistently permits the examination of dsrna by electron microscopy without shadowing with heavy metals, is described. the method provides for routine assays for dsrna in crude extracts without the variable results associated with shadowing proced ... | 1984 | 6530480 |
| migration and disease problems: a study of pattern of migration in an endemic area of malaria in thailand. | the preliminary results of a study of rural-rural migration in an endemic area of malaria is reported. the study on socio-economic status of migrant workers was made during the post planting season of sugarcane plantation in tambon nong rhee kanchanaburi province. among 9,311 population in four villages of this tambon, 15.4% were migrants and 45.5% were from the northeast provinces of thailand. almost half of the migrant population came to the area for the first time and stayed for six months mo ... | 1983 | 6612428 |
| identification of metabolites of hexazinone by mass spectrometry. | the metabolites of hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1h,3h)-dione ] obtained in the rat and in plants were identified by mass spectrometry. rat urine metabolites were identified from direct probe spectra obtained on metabolites separated by thin-layer chromatography. sugarcane metabolites were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. the major metabolic routes were found to be hydroxylation of the cyclohexyl group ... | 1983 | 6661503 |
| an increased risk for lung cancer mortality associated with sugarcane farming. | in a study to determine putative occupation-related factors responsible for the excessive mortality due to lung cancer in southern louisiana, the next-of-kin were interviewed of 284 of 400 persons (71%) randomly sampled from a total of 815 persons who died of lung cancer during 1971 through 1977 and had lived in any of 10 parishes (counties) of southern louisiana. of the decedents, 108 (38%) had been employed for at least 6 months as sugarcane farm workers at some time during their lives. logist ... | 1982 | 6951086 |
| further studies on the use of protein a in immune electron microscopy for detecting virus particles. | the immune electron microscopic technique which involves pre-coating electron microscope grids with protein a before coating them with the specific antiserum, has been found suitable for detecting isometric insect and plant viruses. with the three virus-antibody combinations tested, the optimum antiserum dilution for protein a plus antiserum treatment was found to be 1:100 or less, whereas in the case of grids treated with antiserum alone it ranged from 1:1000 to 1:2000 although the titre of the ... | 1980 | 7014777 |
| electro-blot radioimmunoassay of virus-infected plant sap - a powerful new technique for detecting plant viruses. | a new technique for detecting viruses in plant sap is described. it consists of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the infected plant sap, electrophoretic transfer of protein bands to activated paper by the electro-blot technique, the subsequent probing of the viral coat protein band by specific antiserum (prepared against intact virus), and detection of immune complex with 125 i-labelled protein a. the technique successfully detected tobacco mosaic virus at a sap dilu ... | 1982 | 7061671 |
| expression, purification, and use as an antigen of recombinant sugarcane mosaic virus coat protein. | a high titre (1:10,000) antiserum was raised in a rabbit against the coat protein of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus (scmv), by injecting a preparation of recombinant coat protein purified from a fusion protein expressed in e. coli. the fusion protein consisted of the male maltose binding protein (mbp) and the viral coat protein separated by the protease factor xa cleavage site. the fusion protein was encoded by the plasmid pmal-ccpm, which was constructed by cloning a modified coat protein gene to t ... | 1995 | 7503681 |
| phylogenetic classification of phytopathogenic mollicutes by sequence analysis of 16s ribosomal dna. | the phylogenetic relationships of 17 phytopathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms (mlos) representing seven major taxonomic groups established on the basis of mlo 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) restriction patterns were examined by performing a sequence analysis of the 16s rdna gene. the sequence data showed that the mlos which we examined are members of a relatively homogeneous group that evolved monophyletically from a common ancestor. in agreement with results obtained previously with other mlos, our r ... | 1994 | 7520735 |
| use of sugarcane molasses for culture of clostridium chauvoei. | | 1995 | 7548606 |
| consistent striatal damage in rats induced by 3-nitropropionic acid and cultures of arthrinium fungus. | arthrinium fungi were cultivated from the samples of mildewed sugarcane which caused acute encephalopathy and delayed dystonia in children. the arthrinium cultures (ac) contained 5 mg/ml 3-nitropropionic acid (3-npa) after being inactivated and concentrated. a neuropathological study was carried out in rats intoxicated with 3-npa and ac, respectively. consistent bilateral striatal necrosis was found in rats with both poisonings, and the severity was well correlated with persistent recumbency whi ... | 1995 | 7565487 |
| production of fumonisins by fusarium species of taiwan. | twenty-nine fusarium species isolated from various sources in different districts of taiwan were tested for their ability to produce fumonisins in corn cultures. only fusarium moniliforme produced fumonisin b1 (fb1) and fumonisin b2 (fb2). the finding that the other 28 fusarium species produced neither fb1 nor fb2 is preliminary because only one strain per species was studied. the detection of fb1 and fb2 in cultures of f. moniliforme was demonstrated by tlc and hplc, and fb1 was further confirm ... | 1995 | 7566058 |
| effect of ph, aeration and sucrose feeding on the invertase activity of intact s. cerevisiae cells grown in sugarcane blackstrap molasses. | s. cerevisiae was grown in a blackstrap molasses containing medium in batch and fed-batch cultures. the following parameters were varied: ph (from 4.0 to 6.5), dissolved oxygen (do) (from 0 to 5.0 mg o2 l-1) and sucrose feeding rate. when glucose concentration (s) was higher than 0.5 g l-1 a reduction in the specific invertase activity of intact cells (v) and an oscillatory behavior of v values during fermentation were observed. both the invertase reduction and the oscillatory behavior of v valu ... | 1995 | 7576463 |
| differentiation of capsular polysaccharides from acetobacter diazotrophicus strains isolated from sugarcane. | capsular polysaccharides (cpss) from six representative strains of acetobacter diazotrophicus were isolated and fractionated by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. purified cpss obtained in the non-adsorbed fraction of a deae-sephadex a-25 column were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for sugar composition. uronic acid and amino sugars were not detected in all purified cpss. basically the cpss of a. diazotrophicus are composed of rhamnose, mannose, galactose and glucose. th ... | 1995 | 7651237 |
| a gene from alcaligenes denitrificans that confers albicidin resistance by reversible antibiotic binding. | albicidin antibiotics specifically block prokaryote dna replication. the albicidin resistance gene (albb) cloned from a soil isolate of alcaligenes denitrificans encodes a 23 kda protein capable of detoxifying albicidin by reversible binding. this mechanism operates intracellularly to protect dna replication in albicidin-sensitive escherichia coli expressing the cloned resistance gene, which can be induced fivefold in the presence of 1.5 micrograms albicidin ml-1 in the surrounding medium. the c ... | 1995 | 7711894 |
| characterization of a low molecular mass autophosphorylating protein in cultured sugarcane cells and its identification as a nucleoside diphosphate kinase. | a low molecular mass (18 kd) phosphoprotein (pp18) was characterized and purified from cultured sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) cell line h50-7209. autophosphorylation assays were used to detect pp18 after separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). only pp18 was detected by a brief in situ phosphorylation method, whereas additional putative protein kinases were detected by an extended method. pp18 was present in both microsomal membrane and soluble f ... | 1994 | 8016268 |
| production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in sucrose-utilizing recombinant escherichia coli and klebsiella strains. | the cloned poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) synthesis pathway from alcaligenes eutrophus has been introduced into sucrose-utilizing strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, and klebsiella oxytoca. the plasmid-borne genes were well expressed in these environments and were able to mediate the production of significant amounts of phb when the bacteria were grown with sucrose as the sole carbon source. the molecular weight of the phb polymer made in k. aerogenes and e. coli was approximately 1 ... | 1994 | 8017916 |
| evaluation of the cariogenicity of sugar containing drinks by estimating changes in ph of human dental plaque and saliva. | cariogenicity of five commonly consumed carbonated beverage and sugar containing drinks (frooti, sugarcane juice, limca, thumps up and big sipp) was evaluated by estimating changes in ph of human dental plaque and saliva in 2 groups of subjects (20 each) differing in caries experience (group a dmft zero; group b dmft 3-5). in group a subjects, ph of plaque did not fall to levels near critical ph (5.5) with any of the test drinks or control. however, in group b children the salivary ph did fall b ... | 1993 | 8040700 |
| toxicity of policosanol in beagle dogs: one-year study. | policosanol is a new chemical entity composed of 8 higher aliphatic alcohols obtained from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum), l. wax, whose cholesterol-lowering effects have been demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and patients with type ii hypercholesterolemia. this study investigated the oral toxicity of policosanol administered for 52 weeks to beagle dogs. twenty-four beagle dogs (12 males and 12 females) were distributed randomly in 3 experimental groups (4 animals/group ... | 1994 | 8048085 |
| effect of policosanol on isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. | policosanol is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum l.) and octacosanol represents its main component. this study was conducted to examine the effects of policosanol on myocardial necrosis induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline in rats. a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of infarct size, polymorphonuclear cells and mast cells was observed in animals treated with policosanol at 5 or 25 mg kg-1, while animals receiving only acety ... | 1994 | 8051611 |
| effect of policosanol on experimental thrombosis models. | policosanol is a natural product, obtained from sugar cane wax (saccharum officinarum l.) with which cholesterol-lowering effects have been demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and hypercholesterolemic patients. the effects of policosanol on experimental venous and arterial thrombosis in rats were investigated. policosanol (25 mg/kg) significantly decreased the thrombus weight, in the venous thrombosis models, the protective effect persisting until 4 h after its oral administr ... | 1994 | 8066100 |
| the physical fitness and work performance of agricultural workers infected with schistosoma mansoni in zimbabwe. | stool specimens were collected from 1995 sugarcane cutters on the hippo valley and triangle sugar estates, zimbabwe, in order to determine the prevalence and intensity of schistosoma mansoni infection. pathological changes normally ascribed to s. mansoni infection were assessed in the infected cutters, by ultrasonography before treatment. the height, weight, age, haemoglobin levels, blood pressure and body fat of the infected and uninfected control study subjects, standardized by age, were deter ... | 1993 | 8122916 |
| the ecological background of food production. | in the industrialized countries dramatic decreases in the number of people employed in agriculture have been made possible by a rise in soil and labour productivity. there is scope for these to improve further, particularly in developing countries. potential yields are determined by the characteristics of the crop, local temperature and sunlight. because the availability of nutrients and that of water are limiting for at least part of the growing season in most agricultural lands, attainable yie ... | 1993 | 8149822 |
| plant diseases in india and their control. | the concept of development is reviewed in terms of sustainability. food production in india driven by pressure from an increasing human population uses 90,000 t per year of technical-grade pesticide: 12% of this is fungicide and a good part is insecticide for the control of vectors of plant viruses. a change in the cropping pattern and irrigation have provided a summer 'green bridge' along tamil nadu/andhra pradesh border areas for the tungro virus that affects rice and its vector. epidemics occ ... | 1993 | 8149823 |
| special problems experienced with pesticide use in developing countries. | the developing countries comprise more than 75% of the total world population covering most of africa, asia, latin america, and south europe. their warm climate favors cultivation of many strategic crops including cotton, rubber, rice, corn, spices, tea, coffee, cocoa beans, sugarcane, tobacco, legumes, tropical and subtropical fruits, and vegetables. they are bound to the industrialized countries for exporting their cash crops and importing all production equipment and materials including pesti ... | 1993 | 8337421 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of sugarcane streak monogeminivirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of the monogeminivirus sugarcane streak virus (ssv) was determined from cloned replicative form dna. the genome is contained in one dna circle of 2,758 nucleotides, and has four open reading frames with the potential to encode proteins of mw > 10 kda: two in the viral (+) sense and two in the complementary (-) sense. each open reading frame has a counterpart among the open reading frames reported for other monogeminiviruses. a potential binding site ... | 1993 | 8352656 |
| sequence diversity in the surface-exposed amino-terminal region of the coat proteins of seven strains of sugarcane mosaic virus correlates with their host range. | the n-terminal region of the coat proteins of five strains (isis, brisbane, sabi, bundaberg, and bc) of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) isolated from four different plant species (sugarcane, sabi grass, wild sorghum, and blue couch grass) have been compared with the previously published data for scmv-sc and scmv-mdb, isolated from sugarcane and maize, respectively. the region, beginning at residue 11 and ending 16 residues beyond the second trypsin cleavage site of the coat protein, varied in size ... | 1993 | 8379856 |
| an analysis of the complete sequence of a sugarcane bacilliform virus genome infectious to banana and rice. | the genome of sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv), a badnavirus, consists of a circular dsdna. the complete sequence of a cloned infective scbv genome is reported here. the genome is 7568 bp in size and possesses a number of features suggesting that scbv is a pararetrovirus. a trna(met)-binding site that may serve as a primer for minus-strand synthesis is present. the plus-strand of the scbv genome contains three open reading frames (orfs) which are capable of encoding proteins with calculated m( ... | 1993 | 8423447 |
| monitoring fusion protein cleavage by capillary electrophoresis. | capillary electrophoresis was successfully utilized to monitor the proteolytic cleavage of two fusion proteins; maltose binding protein-sugarcane mosaic potyvirus coat protein and maltose binding protein-paramyosin. the course of proteolysis by factor xa was monitored with high sensitivity and virtually in real time. capillary electrophoresis conditions were optimized to clearly resolve the fusion proteins, factor xa, lysis products and buffer components. rapid elucidation of time to complete di ... | 1993 | 8424876 |
| mycoplasmalike organisms (mlos) and distinguish them from other mlos. | dna of 10 lines of rice yellow dwarf (ryd) mycoplasmalike organisms (mlos) from japan, the phillippines, and thailand hybridized with four probes containing chromosomal and six probes containing extrachromosomal dna of a tochigi (japan) line of ryd mlo. one chromosomal probe (ryd9) and all six extrachromosomal probes hybridized with various other mlos (sugarcane white leaf, onion yellows, cineraria witches'-broom, japanese hornwort witches'-broom, water dropwort wiches'-broom, gentian witches'-b ... | 1993 | 8489230 |
| trna intergenic spacers reveal polymorphisms diagnostic for xanthomonas albilineans. | a pcr-based detection system was developed for xanthomonas albilineans, a pathogen of sugarcane, and other related xanthomonads, using the conserved sequence of two adjacent trna genes and the variable length and sequence of the spacer region between them. an appropriate region was identified as follows: trna genes with the same anticodon from a wide variety of bacteria were aligned and the most frequent base at each position was chosen to derive primers that would anneal to the gene in either o ... | 1995 | 8574414 |
| molecular characterization of the levansucrase gene from the endophytic sugarcane bacterium acetobacter diazotrophicus srt4. | the acetobacter diazotrophicus srt4 gene encoding levansucrase (ec 2.4.1.10) (isda) was isolated from a genomic library. the nucleotide sequence of a 2.3 kb dna fragment sufficient for complementation of a levansucrase-deficient mutant (obtained by ems treatment) was determined. the isda gene (1751 bp) coded for a polypeptide of molecular mass 64.9 kda with an isoelectric point of 5.2. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the extracellular levansucrase indicated the presence of a precursor prot ... | 1996 | 8704949 |
| cholesterol-lowering effects of policosanol in rabbits. | policosanol is a natural mixture of higher primary aliphatic alcohols isolated and purified from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum, l.) wax, whose main component is octacosanol. policosanol (5-200 mg/kg) orally administered for 4 weeks to normocholesterolemic new zealand rabbits significantly reduced total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) serum levels in a dose dependent manner. serum triglyceride levels of treated and control animals were significantly different, but ... | 1994 | 8728832 |
| growth kinetics of saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch and fed-batch cultivation using sugarcane molasses and glucose syrup from cassava starch. | growth kinetics of saccharomyces cerevisiae in glucose syrup from cassava starch and sugarcane molasses were studied using batch and fed-batch cultivation. the optimum temperature and ph required for growth were 30 degrees c and ph 5.5, respectively. in batch culture the productivity and overall cell yield were 0.31 g l-1 h-1 and 0.23 g cells g-1 sugar, respectively, on glucose syrup and 0.22 g l-1 h-1 and 0.18 g cells g-1 sugar, respectively, on molasses. in fed-batch cultivation, a productivit ... | 1996 | 8730575 |
| chemical identification, electrophysiological and behavioral activities of the pheromone of metamasius hemipterus (coleoptera: curculionidae). | five hydroxylated aliphatic molecules were identified as the pheromone produced by male west indian sugarcane borer (wisb): 4-methyl-5-nonanol (1), 2-methyl-4-heptanol (2), 2-methyl-4-octanol (3), 5-nonanol (4) and 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-nonanone (5). electroantennographic recordings revealed antennal responses to compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4. significant eags were also recorded in response to pheromone compounds of weevils belonging to the same subfamily and structurally related to the wisb pheromone. ... | 1996 | 8733610 |
| transformation of presumptive precursors to frontalin and exo-brevicomin by bark beetles and west indian sugarcane weevil (coleoptera). | (z)-6-nonen-2-one (1) has recently been shown to be the biosynthetic precursor for the aggregation pheromone exo-brevicomin (2) in mountain pine beetle (mpb) males, dendroctonus ponderosae (hopkins). we tested the hypotheses that (1) 6-methyl-6-hepten-2-one (3) is the biosynthetic precursor for the aggregation pheromone frontalin (4) in the spruce beetle (sb), dendroctonus rufipennis (kirby), and (2) that frontalin and exo-brevicomin are produced from 3 and 1, respectively, only by beetles that ... | 1996 | 8733625 |
| at least two separate gene clusters are involved in albicidin production by xanthomonas albilineans. | transposon mutagenesis was used to obtain mutations affecting production of the toxin albicidin in xanthomonas albilineans, which causes leaf scald disease of sugarcane and is also pathogenic to corn. transposon tn5-gusa inserted randomly into genomic dna of x. albilineans xa23r1 at a frequency of 10(-4) to 10(-5) per recipient after conjugal transfer from escherichia coli. fifty prototrophic mutants defective in albicidin production were isolated from 7,100 tn5-gusa insertional derivatives test ... | 1996 | 8755889 |
| emended description of herbaspirillum; inclusion of [pseudomonas] rubrisubalbicans, a milk plant pathogen, as herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans comb. nov.; and classification of a group of clinical isolates (ef group 1) as herbaspirillum species 3. | [pseudomonas] rubrisubalbicans, a mild plant pathogen. herbaspirillum seropedicae, and ef group 1 strains (clustered by an immunological method) were investigated by a polyphasic approach with dna-rrna and dna-dna hybridizations and auxanography on 147 substrates. our results show that they all belong to the genus herbaspirillum. in addition to h. seropedicae, two other species are described: herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans and a new unnamed species, herbaspirillum species 3, containing mainly s ... | 1996 | 8782693 |
| development of an immunoradiometric assay for quantitative determination of cryla(b) protein in transgenic sugarcane plants. | an immunoradiometric assay (irma) system was performed to quantify the recombinant cryla(b) protein produced by transgenic sugarcane lines. the method allowed detection of 0.1-1 ng cryla(b) per 25 micrograms of soluble protein in leaf extracts from plants transformed with an expression vector containing a truncated version of the cryla(b) gene from bacillus thuringiensis. the technique was based upon the use of radioiodinated immunopurified antibodies specific to natural cryla proteins in a one- ... | 1996 | 8841441 |
| the pheromone cell signaling components of the ustilago a mating-type loci determine intercompatibility between species. | the mat region of ustilago hordei, a bipolar barley pathogen, harbors distinct mating functions (a and b loci). here, we show that the b locus is essential for mating and pathogenicity, and can induce pathogenicity when introduced into a strain carrying a b locus of opposite specificity. transformation experiments using components of the a1 locus and analysis of resulting dual mating phenotypes revealed that this locus harbors a pheromone receptor gene (uhpra1) and a pheromone gene (uhmfa1). the ... | 1996 | 8844149 |
| epidemiological observations on malaria in villages of buhari phc, surat, gujarat. | investigations were carried out in the villages of buhari phc, surat district, gujarat to determine factors responsible for high prevalence of p. falciparum. the area is well-known for sugarcane cultivation, industrialization and frequent movement of labourers. the slide positivity rate (44.24%) and p. falciparum infections (95.37%) were significantly high. the children of 5-9 yrs of age group suffered maximum from malaria. the infection in children was found associated with splenomegaly also. h ... | 1995 | 8867060 |
| detection of sugarcane bacilliform virus in sugarcane germplasm. | sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv), a badnavirus was found in sugarcane genotypes of saccharum officinarum l., s. barberi jesw., s. sinense roxb., s. robustum brand and jesw., and saccharum hybrids. in most of the suspected genotypes the virus was found associated with clear foliar symptoms. however, certain symptom-free clones carried the virus too. the virus was detected by immuno-electron microscopy (iem) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in suspected clones. the virions measured ... | 1996 | 8886091 |
| [comparison of ciliate diversity in biodisc reactors which purify industrial wastewater]. | the comparative study of the ciliate populations present in rotating biological reactors (biodiscs reactors) of 20 l working volume, treating three different wastewaters is the aim of this project. wastewaters chosen were those of a maize mill, of a sugarcane/ethyl alcohol plant, and of a recycled paper mill. its dissolved organic contents, measured as soluble chemical oxygen demand (cod) and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (bod5), were 2040 mg cod/l and 585 mg bod5/l for maize mill effluents ... | 1995 | 8900568 |
| random-amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis shows intraspecies differences among xanthomonas albilineans strains. | five strains of xanthomonas albilineans, causal agent of leaf scald disease in sugarcane from various geographical regions, were compared using random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) to determine whether they could be differentiated at the dna level. cscl-purified genomic dna from these strains were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using arbitrary 10-mer primers according to standard rapd conditions and the amplification product profiles analysed by conventional agarose g ... | 1996 | 8987711 |
| contexts and patterns of men's commercial sexual partnerships in northeastern thailand: implications for aids prevention. | results of an exploratory research project elaborating the contexts, patterns and specific scenarios of the commercial sexual activity of northeastern thai men are reported. data were collected using face-to-face surveys, focus groups, key informant interviews and observations in 32 northeastern villages (n = 744 men), 18 migrant labour camps housing sugarcane workers (n = 219 men), and five cattlemarkets in northeast thailand. fifty percent of married men and 43% of single men had visited femal ... | 1997 | 9015873 |
| structure of the repeating oligosaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium acetobacter diazotrophicus strain pal 5. | acetobacter diazotrophicus is an acid-tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacterium found in roots, rhizosphere, stems, and leaves of sugar cane (saccharum officinarum) cultivated in brazil. the o-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of the root isolate strain pal 5 has been determined by a combination of methylation analysis and two-dimensional high field nmr spectroscopy. the pentasaccharide repeat has the structure: [formula: see text] minor resonances in the nmr spectra are consistent with the pr ... | 1997 | 9098959 |
| sequence comparison of the 3'-terminal parts of the rna of four german isolates of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus (scmv). | the 3'-termini of the genome of four german isolates of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus (scmv) were cloned and sequenced. the sequence data covered the 3' non-coding region (3'ncr), coat protein and part of the nuclear inclusion b (nib) genes of the isolates. comparisons of the sequences revealed that the investigated isolates are very closely related. an alignment of the predicted coat protein amino acid sequences of the german isolates with sequence data for other members of the scmv subgroup, in p ... | 1997 | 9170496 |
| cholesterol-lowering effect of policosanol on rabbits with hypercholesterolaemia induced by a wheat starch-casein diet. | the effect of policosanol, a mixture of high-molecular-weight aliphatic alcohols isolated from sugarcane wax, on casein-induced hypercholesterolaemia in rabbits was studied. when policosanol was administered by the oral route once daily for 30 d (50 mg/kg) the increases in plasma total cholesterol and ldl-cholesterol (ldc-c) were significantly reduced when compared with the control group. the incorporation of 3h2o into sterols in the liver was significantly depressed, suggesting inhibition of he ... | 1997 | 9227189 |
| the gene for albicidin detoxification from pantoea dispersa encodes an esterase and attenuates pathogenicity of xanthomonas albilineans to sugarcane. | albicidin phytotoxins are pathogenicity factors in a devastating disease of sugarcane known as leaf scald, caused by xanthomonas albilineans. a gene (albd) from pantoea dispersa has been cloned and sequenced and been shown to code for a peptide of 235 amino acids that detoxifies albicidin. the gene shows no significant homology at the dna or protein level to any known sequence, but the gene product contains a gxsxg motif that is conserved in serine hydrolases. the albd protein, purified to homog ... | 1997 | 9275238 |
| effect of policosanol on in vitro and in vivo rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation. | policosanol, a defined mixture of high molecular weight aliphatic alcohol isolated and purified from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum, l) wax is a new cholesterol-lowering agent effective in experimental models, healthy volunteers, and patients with type ii hypercholesterolemia. also, policosanol prevents the onset of spontaneously- and experimentally-induced atherosclerotic lesions and cerebral ischemia in mongolian gerbils. free radicals are linked to many diseases including atherosclerosis a ... | 1997 | 9291630 |
| high affinity binding of albicidin phytotoxins by the alba protein from klebsiella oxytoca. | albicidins are a family of phytotoxins and antibiotics which play an important role in the pathogenesis of sugarcane leaf scald disease. the alba gene from klebsiella oxytoca encodes a protein which inactivates albicidin by heat-reversible binding. albicidin ligand binding to a recombinant alba protein, purified by means of a glutathione s-transferase gene fusion system, is an almost instant and saturable reaction. kinetic and stoichiometric analysis of the binding reaction indicated the presenc ... | 1998 | 9493391 |
| sequence diversity in the nib coding region of eight sugarcane mosaic potyvirus isolates infecting sugarcane in australia. | we have sequenced the nib coding region of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus strain sc (scmv-sc) and eight field isolates of scmv from australia. this region comprised 1563 nucleotides and encoded a putative protein of 521 amino acids containing the consensus motif gdd. the protease cleavage sites between the nia/nib and the nib/coat protein were found to be q/c and q/a, respectively. the scmv sequences were most similar to sorghum mosaic potyvirus with identities of 70% and 78% at the nucleotide and a ... | 1996 | 9526537 |
| effect of policosanol on arterial blood pressure in rats. study of the pharmacological interaction with nifedipine and propranolol. | policosanol is a natural mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from sugar cane wax (saccharum officinarum, l) with cholesterol-lowering effects demonstrated in experimental models and in patients with type ii hyperlipoproteinemia. the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of policosanol on arterial blood pressure and its interaction with propranolol and nifedipine. | 1998 | 9556918 |
| study on the hydrolyzate of sugarcane bagasse to ethanol by fermentation. | study of glucose and xylose utilization by pichia stipitis in a limited oxygen supply condition revealed that the rate of glucose utilization decreased rapidly while that of xylose decreased slowly until the time that glucose and xylose were shown to level out, at which point the rate of xylose utilization increased rapidly. based on the results, ethanol fermentation technology in continuous connective tower fermenters was advanced, e.g., fermentation by p. stipitis in an airlift loop tower focu ... | 1997 | 9631261 |
| continuous ethanol production from sugarcane molasses using a column reactor of immobilized saccharomyces cerevisiae hau-1. | a fermentation system for the continuous ethanol production from sucrose and molasses using calcium alginate immobilized saccharomyces cerevisiae strain hau-1 has been optimised. immobilization of active yeast cells (30%, w/v) was accomplished in 1.5% calcium alginate and these yeast-beads were employed for ethanol production in a vertical column reactor. high ethanol productivity was achieved with a medium containing 10%, w/v sucrose at a dilution rate of 0.20 h-1. alginate beads containing 30- ... | 1998 | 9637012 |
| sequence diversity in the coat protein coding region of twelve sugarcane mosaic potyvirus isolates from australia, usa and south africa. | we have sequenced the coat protein (cp) coding region of 11 field isolates of scmv from australia, usa and south africa. the differences between the nucleotide sequences of the isolates was 0.2 to 4.1% and the encoded amino acid sequences differed by 0.0 to 3.5%. phylogenetic analysis of the cp coding sequences of the scmv isolates and the related potyviruses scmv-mdb, jgmv, srmv, mdmv-a and pvy showed that the scmv isolates formed a tightly clustered group, with scmv-mdb forming a separate bran ... | 1998 | 9687871 |