| technical note: stocking equivalents and stocking rate-gain relationships for steers and cow-calf pairs grazing oversown bermuda grass. | grazing experiments may use steers or cow-calf pairs for measuring animal performance on pasture treatments, but the validity of extrapolation between these classes of cattle has not been verified. a grazing study was conducted in the spring and summer of both 1988 and 1989 to determine stocking equivalents and stocking rate-weight gain relationships for steers and cow-calf pairs grazing coastal bermuda grass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.) oversown with rye (secale cereale l.) and ryegrass (loliu ... | 1992 | 1429299 |
| protein and fiber digestion by steers grazing winter annuals and supplemented with ruminal escape protein. | six abomasally cannulated hereford steers (12 mo of age, 300 +/- 10 kg) grazing annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) paddocks were used in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square design to determine effects of ruminal escape protein (ep) supplementation on forage intake, fiber digestion, and protein flow to the intestine. steers were fed one of three isoenergetic supplements: high ruminal escape protein (hep), low ruminal escape protein (lep), or corn, which supplied an estimated .25, .125, or 0 kg ... | 1991 | 1653203 |
| ruminal escape protein supplementation and zeranol implantation effects on performance of steers grazing winter annuals. | fifty-four crossbred steers (275 kg) were assigned randomly to one of three isoenergetic but not isonitrogenous ruminal escape protein (ep) supplements: high ruminal escape protein (hep), low ruminal escape protein (lep), or corn. the supplements contained corn, distillers' dried grains with solubles (ddgs), and fish meal. supplements were fed at approximately 1.5 kg/d; the hep and lep supplements provided .25 and .12 kg more ep per day than corn, respectively. these supplements also supplied .2 ... | 1991 | 1654314 |
| effect of supplemental lysocellin and tetronasin on growth, ruminal and blood metabolites, and ruminal proteolytic activity in steers grazing ryegrass. | forty-eight angus and brangus steers (249 kg initial bw) were used in a randomized complete block design. steers grazed annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum [l.] lam.) for 107 d and were sampled at 35 and 70 d. treatments consisted of a corn supplement (c) or corn supplement plus either 80 mg.steer-1.d-1 of lysocellin (l) or 60 mg.steer-1.d-1 of tetronasin (t). when compared with c, adg of l- and t-fed steers was higher (p less than .05) for the complete 107-d study (1.15 vs 1.25 kg/d). at 35 d, ... | 1991 | 1752803 |
| evaluation of a feed intake model for the grazing beef steer. | responses of a feed intake model for grazing beef cattle to changes in model parameters, forage composition, and supplementation programs with energy and protein were evaluated. without supplements, the model systematically underpredicted intake of low-quality (low digestibility) forages and subsequent overprediction was observed for high-quality diets. in general, for a reference diet of italian ryegrass, the model was relatively insensitive to microbial growth parameters, highly sensitive to t ... | 1991 | 2016210 |
| a comparison of the digestion and reduction in particle size of lucerne hay (medicago sativa) and italian ryegrass hay (lolium italicum) in the ovine digestive tract. | four types of hay were used: an early-cut and a late-cut lucerne (medicago sativa) and an early-cut and a late-cut ryegrass (lolium italicum). digestibility and voluntary intake were measured on six adult sheep maintained in metabolism crates and fed 10% above the previous day's consumption, in equal portions at 08.00 and 16.30 hours. lucerne intake was higher than that of ryegrass at similar digestibilities. the rate of digestion of the four hays was measured using nylon bags and the rates of d ... | 1989 | 2819029 |
| kinetic aspects of calcium metabolism in lactating sheep offered herbages with different ca concentrations and the effect of protein supplementation. | 1. two experiments are described in which kinetic aspects of calcium metabolism were studied in housed lactating sheep consuming different fresh herbage species. the importance of protein supply was also investigated. 2. in expt. 1, two groups (n 4) were offered, ad lib., a freshly cut ryegrass (lolium perenne l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.) pasture containing 5.48 g ca/kg dry matter (dm). one group was supplemented daily with 100 g protected casein. a third group (n 4) was offered, ad li ... | 1989 | 2923856 |
| comparison of fibre digestion and digesta retention time between rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats and hamsters. | 1. digestive efficiencies of fibre components and retention time of digesta in the whole gut and in the large intestine were measured in rabbits, guinea-pigs, hamsters and rats when given a lucerne (medicago sativa)-containing diet. 2. co-edta and chromium-mordanted cell-wall constituents of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.) were used as liquid- and solid-phase markers respectively. both markers were mixed with the experimental diet and given after digestion trials. 3. mean retention time ... | 1987 | 3040075 |
| [perloline content in fodder grasses. 2. perloline content in selected grass types and its variability in tall fescue and intergeneric tall fescue hybrids]. | the perloline content of fodder grasses is genetically determined and strongly influenced by environmental factors. tall fescue and meadow fescue show high, perennial and italian ryegrass low concentrations of perloline. the perloline content of tall fescue can be diminished by bastardization to a level harmless in cattle feeding. | 1987 | 3446095 |
| effect of phenolic acids and phenolics from plant cell walls on rumenlike fermentation in consecutive batch culture. | information on the interaction between mixed populations in the rumen and plant phenolics is required to fully elucidate the limitations of phenolic compounds on forage digestibility. the objective of this study was to examine the degradation of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.) hay incubated with mixed ruminal populations in consecutive batch culture (cbc) with or without phenolic acids or phenolic compounds extracted from plant cell walls. each cbc consisted of a series of 10 cultures ( ... | 1987 | 3606090 |
| beta-glucan synthesis by cell-free extracts from lolium multiflorum endosperm. | | 1973 | 4745681 |
| effects of removal of the forestomach and caecum on the utilization of dietary urea in golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) given two different diets. | 1. surgical removal of the forestomach, the caecum or both the forestomach and the caecum, was performed on growing male golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) given a low-or high-fibre diet. 2. in expt 1, 18 d after surgery, the hamsters which were given a concentrate before surgery were given an experimental low-fibre diet containing urea or [15n] urea (10 g/kg diet) for 9 d. in expt 2, 5 d after surgery, the hamsters which were given a forage diet before surgery were adopted to an experimenta ... | 1981 | 6274378 |
| nutritive quality of leaf proteins coagulated at different ph. | leaf proteins obtained by coagulation at different ph were examined for their chemical composition and nutritional quality. green juice was extracted from alfalfa, red clover, italian ryegrass and oats and leaf protein was coagulated by heating the juice after adjusting the ph to 4 or 8-8.5, or without any adjustment of the ph (about ph 6). the mild alkaline juice from italian ryegrass and oats did not cause the satisfactory coagulation but it was achieved with the addition of ca salt to the jui ... | 1983 | 6663367 |
| the effect of protein supplementation on digestion and glucose metabolism in young cattle fed on silage. | 1. ryegrass (lolium multiflorum ev. rvp) silage was given to twelve friesian steer calves (initial live weight (lw) 106 kg) at 2.3 kg dry matter (dm)/calf per d, alone, or with a supplement of fish meal at 50 (fm1) or 100 (fm2) g/kg silage dm per d. 2. the rate of flow of nutrients into the duodenum was measured using a dual-marker technique. glucose irreversible-loss rates and the contribution of propionate to gluconeogenesis were measured using continuous infusions of [u-14c]glucose and [2-14c ... | 1982 | 7104290 |
| the effect of grinding and pelleting on the digestion of italian ryegrass and timothy by sheep. | 1. primary growths of italian ryegrass and timothy were harvested in late may, high-temperature dried and either retained in the chopped form or ground through a 2 mm sieve and pelleted. all diets were fed to four sheep fitted with re-entrant cannulas into the proximal duodenum and measurements of the sites of energy and protein digestion and the synthesis of volatile fatty acids (vfa) and microbial protein were made. 2. grinding and pelleting significantly reduced rumen digestion of organic mat ... | 1981 | 7284301 |
| influence of type of diet and incubation time on in sacco release of cu, fe, mn and zn from italian ryegrass, untreated and ammonia treated wheat straw. | artificially dried ryegrass, untreated and ammonia-treated wheat straw were ground and incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of three sheep each fed with diets based on roughage or concentrate. dry matter degradability, the concentration and the release of the trace elements cu, fe, mn and zn from the incubated feeds were measured after 0 (washing loss), 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h rumen incubation time. dry matter degradability, trace element concentration and their release were significantly influen ... | 1994 | 7619004 |
| [nutritional factors and mammary inflammatory infection in the dairy cow. ecopathological approach during the peripartum period]. | the relationships between nutrition and udder inflammation/infection were studied in the dairy cow using an ecopathological approach. the study ('enquête écopathologique bretagne') was performed over 4 yr in french herds with high-lactating cows. a long distribution time of italian ryegrass silage and a low quantity of dietary cereal-based concentrates in the first 2 months of lactation was linked with low milk leukocyte counts, probably due to a high dietary energetic level or to a polyunsatura ... | 1994 | 8038788 |
| forage and splanchnic tissue mass in growing lambs: effects of dietary forage levels and source on splanchnic tissue mass in growing lambs. | forty-two crossbred lambs (33.4 kg initial body weight; twenty-four wethers and eighteen ewes) were used in a 42 d experiment with a 2 x 3 factorial treatment arrangement to determine effects of forage level and source on splanchnic tissue mass. diets were 250 and 750 g/kg of chopped lucerne (medicago sativa) (a), ryegrass (lolium multiflorum)-wheat (triticum aestivum) (rw) or bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon) (b) hay, with the remainder being maize-based concentrate. five lambs per treatment were ... | 1994 | 8142327 |
| effects of a supply of raw or extruded white lupin seeds on protein digestion and amino acid absorption in dairy cows. | four cannulated, lactating cows were used to determine the effects of extruding white lupin seeds (wls) on intraruminal cp degradation and absorption of aa from the small intestine. raw lupin seeds (rwls) and extruded lupin seeds (ewls) were fed in diets containing 15.5% cp and composed of 22.4% wls, 55.9% corn silage, 10.1% maize grain, and 10.6% italian ryegrass on a dm basis; wls provided approximately 50% of the total dietary cp. spot samples of digesta were collected from the proximal duode ... | 1994 | 8157536 |
| observations on in situ degradation of forage cell components in alfalfa and italian ryegrass. | the rate and extent of degradation of forage feed fractions contained in alfalfa and italian ryegrass hays were determined. nylon bags filled with 4 g of each forage were suspended in the rumen of two cannulated cows immediately before feeding and incubated for 10 different times (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 h). the alfalfa hay, which had lower ndf, showed a lower extent, but a higher rate, of ndf degradation than the italian ryegrass (41.1 vs. 59.8% and 4.64 vs. 2.91%/h, respective ... | 1993 | 8227664 |
| some environmental effects on relationships between in sacco degradability of protein and dry matter and chemical composition of italian ryegrass. | the environmental effects on chemical composition and the rate and extent of crude protein (cp) and dry matter (dm) degradation of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) in the rumen were studied. more intensive nitrogen (n) fertilizing (40, 80 and 140 kg n/ha) increased the content of the water, cp, true proteins and the effective degradability of cp (p < 0.05). especially in the spring harvest such fertilizing increased the content of acid detergent fibre (adf), neutral detergent fibre (nd ... | 1995 | 8585802 |
| comparison of marshall and surrey ryegrass for continuous and rotational grazing. | 'surrey' ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) has produced well in clipping yield trials across louisiana, but yield trials do not always predict how well the forage supports performance under grazing conditions. this trial compared surrey ryegrass with 'marshall' ryegrass grazed continuously or rotationally. two pastures of surrey and two pastures of marshall that had been subdivided into six paddocks each were used in 2 yr. yearling steers grazed the pastures. in the 1st yr, pastures within a cu ... | 1996 | 8880432 |
| glucose transport by mixed ruminal bacteria from a cow. | the glucose transport of mixed ruminal bacteria harvested from a holstein cow fed 5.0 kg of italian ryegrass and 1.5 kg of flaked corn a day was investigated. the eadie-hofstee plot characterized two transport systems: a high-affinity, low-velocity system and a low-affinity, high-velocity system. the former system (k(m) = 16 microm; vmax = 2.2 nmol/min/mg of protein) is considered dominant under this feeding condition based on the glucose concentration in the rumen (< 1 mm). in light of the fact ... | 1997 | 9143117 |
| net flux of nutrients across splanchnic tissues in wethers consuming grasses of different sources and physical forms ad libitum. | crossbred sheep (n 16, 8.5 months of age and 33 (se 0.9) kg) were used in a 21 d experiment (2 x 2 factorial) to determine effects on net flux of nutrients across the portal-drained viscera (pdv) and liver of ad libitum consumption of bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon; b) v. ryegrass (lolium multiflorum)-wheat (triticum aestivum; rw) hay, coarsely chopped (cc) or finely ground and pelleted (gp). crude protein concentrations were 86, 81, 113 and 119 g/kg and neutral-detergent fibre concentrations we ... | 1997 | 9175996 |
| effect of dietary selenium supplementation on the plasma progesterone concentration in cows. | abstract. the effect of selenium (se) supplementation to the diet on the plasma progesterone concentration was investigated in non-lactating and non-pregnant cows. italian ryegrass wafers and concentrates, with or without 0.5 ppm of se, were fed to cows at a maintenance level. the plasma se concentrations in the each treatment were 0.047 ppm (-se) and 0.081 ppm (+se), respectively. se supplementation did not affect the length of the estrous cycle, but it did increase the concentration of plasma ... | 1998 | 9492375 |
| influence of lactobacillus spp. from an inoculant and of weissella and leuconostoc spp. from forage crops on silage fermentation | lactobacillus spp. from an inoculant and weissella and leuconostoc spp. from forage crops were characterized, and their influence on silage fermentation was studied. forty-two lactic acid-producing cocci were obtained from forage crops and grasses. all isolates were gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci that produced gas from glucose, and produced more than 90% of their lactate in the d-isomer form. these isolates were divided into groups a and b by sugar fermentation patterns. two representati ... | 1998 | 9687461 |
| effect of applying lactic acid bacteria isolated from forage crops on fermentation characteristics and aerobic deterioration of silage. | two selected strains, lactobacillus casei fg 1 and lactobacillus plantarum fg 10 that were isolated from forage crops were used as additives at 1.0 x 10(5) cfu/g of fresh matter to alfalfa, italian ryegrass, and sorghum, and their effect on fermentation characteristics and aerobic deterioration of silage was studied. the three silages treated with strains fg 1 or fg 10 were well preserved; had significantly lower ph values, butyric acid, propionic acid, and ammonia n concentrations, gas producti ... | 1999 | 10194670 |
| cellobiose transport by mixed ruminal bacteria from a cow. | the transport of cellobiose in mixed ruminal bacteria harvested from a holstein cow fed an italian ryegrass hay was determined in the presence of nojirimycin-1-sulfate, which almost inhibited cellobiase activity. the kinetic parameters of cellobiose uptake were 14 microm for the km and 10 nmol/min/mg of protein for the vmax. extracellular and cell-associated cellobiases were detected in the rumen, with both showing higher vmax values and lower affinities than those determined for cellobiose tran ... | 1999 | 10347044 |
| characterization and identification of pediococcus species isolated from forage crops and their application for silage preparation. | pediococcus species isolated from forage crops were characterized, and their application to silage preparation was studied. most isolates were distributed on forage crops at low frequency. these isolates could be divided into three (a, b, and c) groups by their sugar fermentation patterns. strains la 3, la 35, and ls 5 are representative isolates from groups a, b, and c, respectively. strains la 3 and la 35 had intragroup dna homology values above 93.6%, showing that they belong to the species p ... | 1999 | 10388681 |
| phytol induces programmed cell death in human lymphoid leukemia molt 4b cells. | the exposure of human lymphoid leukemia molt 4b cells to phytol which was isolated from lolium multiflorum lam and identified by ms, and 1h- and 13c-nmr, led to both growth inhibition and the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). morphological change showing apoptotic bodies was observed in the cells treated with phytol. the fragmentation by phytol of dna to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments that are characteristics of apoptosis was observed to be concentration- and time-dependent. thes ... | 1999 | 10493978 |
| sodium 1-monolinolenin isolated from italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam) induces apoptosis in human lymphoid leukemia molt 4b cells. | the exposure of human lymphoid leukemia molt 4b cells to sodium 1-monolinolenin (sml) which was isolated from the leaves of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam) and identified by mass, and (1)h- and (13)c-nmr, led to both growth inhibition and induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). morphological change showing apoptotic bodies was observed in the molt 4b cells treated with sml. the fragmentation by sml of dna to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments, that is a characteristic of apoptosi ... | 2001 | 11179505 |
| supplemental dietary protein for grazing dairy cows: reproduction, condition loss, plasma metabolites, and insulin. | an experiment was conducted over a 2-yr period to investigate the influence of grain crude protein (cp) and rumen undegradable protein (rup) concentration on reproduction and energy status of dairy cows grazing annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) and oats (avena sativa). holstein cows (n = 122) were blocked by calving group [partum (0 d postpartum) vs. postpartum (41 +/- 19 d postpartum at study initiation)] and assigned to grain supplements containing high cp [22.8% of dry matter (dm)], modera ... | 2001 | 11352167 |
| plant uptake of cadmium-109 and zinc-65 at different temperature and organic matter levels. | the uptake of 109cd and 65zn and their stable isotopes by ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.), grown on two different soil types, was investigated in climatically controlled growth chambers at 9 and 21 degrees c. the soils were treated with 0 and 4% organic matter (pig [sus scrofa] manure) and spiked with 109cd and 65zn before sowing. the organic matter addition resulted in increased uptake of the 109cd, cd, and zn by ryegrass, but the uptake of 65zn was decreased. the latter effect was ascribed ... | 2001 | 11401275 |
| effect of protein source and soluble carbohydrate addition on rumen fermentation and lactation performance of holstein cows. | rumen in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of rumen undegradable protein and soluble carbohydrates on rumen ammonia n release and lactation performance of holstein cows. in the in vitro experiment, freeze-dried annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum, lam) pasture was supplemented 1:1 with ground corn-based grain supplements containing expeller or solvent soybean meal with sucrose or lactose supplements at 0, 2.5, or 5% of dry matter (dm). the ammonia release rate w ... | 2001 | 11467819 |
| selection of a plant-bacterium pair as a novel tool for rhizostimulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. | we developed a novel procedure for the selection of a microbe-plant pair for the stable and efficient degradation of naphthalene. based on the rationale that root exudate is the best nutrient source available in soil, the grass (lolium multiflorum) cultivar barmultra was selected because of its abilities to produce a highly branched root system, root deeply, and carry a high population of pseudomonas spp. bacteria on its roots. starting with a mixture of total rhizobacteria from grass-like veget ... | 2001 | 11605959 |
| weeds as a source of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in agricultural soils. | the influence of plant growth promoting (pgp) activity of bacterial communities recovered from each of six weed species (barnyard grass (echinochloa crusfalli (l.) beauv.), corn spurrey (spergula arvensis l.), goldenrod (sonchus sp.), italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.), lamb's-quarters (chenopodium album l.), and quack grass (agropyron repens (l.) beauv.)) was examined in relation to the effect it had on the growth of the potato cultivar russet burbank. bacterial species composition and co ... | 2001 | 11766050 |
| [the effects of the primary growth of two ryegrasses on the dynamics of changes in digestibility and feed intake by sheep]. | dynamics of changes in digestibility and feed intake by sheep of two ryegrass species during primary growth environmental impacts can cause short-term variations in chemical composition and feeding value of grass swards during growth and maturation and induce concomitant changes of intake of these grasses by animals. continuous digestion trials are effective in observing the dynamics of these variations. therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maturity-related alterations i ... | 2001 | 11906563 |
| winter-annual pasture as a supplement for beef cows. | in each of two experiments, 120 pregnant beef cows were stratified by body condition score, bw, breed, and age, randomly divided into six groups of 20, and assigned to one of six 5.1-ha bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.) pastures (two replicates/ treatment) in early january to evaluate the use of winter-annual pasture as a supplement. all cows in exp. 1 and 2 had ad libitum access to bermudagrass/dallisgrass (paspalum dilatatum poir.) hay plus three treatments: 1) a concentrate-based sup ... | 2002 | 12019601 |
| eurobionet: a pan-european biomonitoring network for urban air quality assessment. | eurobionet, the 'european network for the assessment of air quality by the use of bioindicator plants', is an eu-funded cooperative project currently consisting of public authorities and scientific institutes from 12 cities in 8 countries. in 2000, the bioindicator plants tobacco (nicotiana tabacum bel w3), poplar (populus nigra 'brandaris'), spiderwort (tradescantia sp. clone 4430), italian rye grass (lolium multiflorum italicum) and curly kale (brassica oleracea acephala) were exposed to ambie ... | 2002 | 12094534 |
| methane emissions of beef cattle on forages: efficiency of grazing management systems. | fermentation in the rumen of cattle produces methane (ch4). methane may play a role in global warming scenarios. the linking of grazing management strategies to more efficient beef production while reducing the ch4 emitted by beef cattle is important. the sulfur hexafluoride (sf6) tracer technique was used to determine the effects of best management practices (bmp) grazing compared with continuous grazing on ch4 production in several louisiana forages during 1996-1998. cows and heifers (bos taur ... | 2003 | 12549566 |
| distribution of platinum group elements and other traffic related elements among different plants along some highways in germany. | using icp-ms and icp-aes platinum group elements (pt, pd, rh, ru and ir) and ce, la, nd, pb and zr have been determined in street dust, taraxacum officinale (dandelion), plantago lanceolata (plantain), lolium multiflorum (annual ryegrass), rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (moss) and vascellum pratense (mushrooms) collected along highways and streets in germany during 1999. among the plants taraxacum officinale (dandelion) reflects most adequately the pollution with the investigated elements matching t ... | 2003 | 12738216 |
| effect of early weaning on the performance of three-year-old, first-calf beef heifers and calves reared in the subtropics. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of early weaning fall-born calves on heifer and calf performance in florida. over two consecutive years, 3-yr-old braford and brahman x angus first-calf heifers were assigned randomly to one of two treatments; early-weaned (ew, n = 20 and 30 for yr 1 and 2, respectively) and normal-weaned (nw, n = 20 and 38 for yr 1 and 2, respectively). calves were ew on january 23 and 3 for yr 1 and 2, respectively. following ew, all first-calf h ... | 2003 | 12772839 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of festuca arundinacea (schreb.) and lolium multiflorum (lam.). | agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 carrying plasmid ptok233 encoding the hygromycin resistance (hph) and beta-glucuronidase (uida) genes has been used to transform two agronomic grass species: tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum). embryogenic cell suspension colonies or young embryogenic calli were co-cultured with agrobacterium in the presence of acetosyringone. colonies were grown under hygromycin selection with cefotaxime and surviving colonies pla ... | 2003 | 12789446 |
| effect of winter cover crops on soil nitrogen availability, corn yield, and nitrate leaching. | biculture of nonlegumes and legumes could serve as cover crops for increasing main crop yield, while reducing no3 leaching. this study, conducted from 1994 to 1999, determined the effect of monocultured cereal rye (secale cereale l.), annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), and hairy vetch (vicia villosa), and bicultured rye/vetch and ryegrass/vetch on n availability in soil, corn (zea mays l.) yield, and no3-n leaching in a silt loam soil. the field had been in corn and cover crop rotation since ... | 2001 | 12805863 |
| the effect of diesel fuel on common vetch (vicia sativa l.) plants. | when petroleum hydrocarbons contaminate soil, the carbon:nitrogen (c:n) ratio of the soil is altered. the added carbon stimulates microbial numbers but causes an imbalance in the c:n ratio which may result in immobilization of soil nitrogen by the microbial biomass, leaving none available for plant growth. as members of leguminosae fix atmospheric nitrogen to produce their own nitrogen for growth, they may prove more successful at growing on petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites. during a wid ... | 2003 | 12901087 |
| introgression of crown rust (puccinia coronata) resistance from meadow fescue (festuca pratensis) into italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) and physical mapping of the locus. | resistance was found in the meadow fescue (festuca pratensis) to crown rust (puccinia coronata), originating from ryegrasses (lolium spp). a backcrossing programme successfully transferred this resistance into diploid italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) and genomic in situ hybridisation (gish) was used to identify the introgressed fescue chromosome segment. the resistant (r) plants in two bc3 lines all carried an introgressed segment on a single chromosome, which in one of the lines was confin ... | 2003 | 14512955 |
| the effect of dietary forage on the development and survival of helminth parasites in ovine faeces. | studies in new zealand and the uk have shown that lambs grazing birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) or chicory (cichorium intybus) have reduced parasite intensities compared to lambs grazing ryegrass swards. however, data in the literature on the influence of forages on helminth parasites is equivocal and the underlying mechanisms by which different forage diets may affect these parasites have not been fully determined. the aim of the experiments reported here was to investigate the hypothesi ... | 2003 | 14651879 |
| modification of senescence in ryegrass transformed with ipt under the control of a monocot senescence-enhanced promoter. | we report here the genetic modification of ryegrass senescence. embryogenic cell suspensions of lolium multiflorum were transformed by microprojectile bombardment with plasmid constructs containing 1.98 kb of the 5' flanking sequence of see1 (a maize cysteine protease gene showing enhanced expression during senescence) fused either to the agrobacterium tumefaciens cytokinin biosynthesis gene ipt (designated psee1::ipt) or to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene uida (psee1::uida). plants were re ... | 2004 | 14963691 |
| construction of a high-density linkage map of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam) using restriction fragment length polymorphism, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and telomeric repeat associated sequence markers. | to construct a high-density molecular linkage map of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam), we used a two-way pseudo-testcross f1 population consisting of 82 individuals to analyze three types of markers: restriction fragment length polymorphism markers, which we detected by using genomic probes from italian ryegrass as well as heterologous anchor probes from other species belonging to the poaceae family, amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, which we detected by using psti/msei pr ... | 2004 | 15060602 |
| effects of elevated atmospheric co2 on the nutritional ecology of c3 and c4 grass-feeding caterpillars. | it is plausible that the nutritional quality of c3 plants will decline more under elevated atmospheric co2 than will the nutritional quality of c4 plants, causing herbivorous insects to increase their feeding on c3 plants relative to c4 plants. we tested this hypothesis with a c3 and c4 grass and two caterpillar species with different diet breadths. lolium multiflorum (c3) and bouteloua curtipendula (c4) were grown in outdoor open top chambers at ambient (370 ppm) or elevated (740 ppm) co2. bioa ... | 2004 | 15118901 |
| [establishment and growth of lolium multiflorum for phyto-remediation of pb/zn tailings]. | following the cropping of sesbania rostrata, lolium multiflorum was cropped as the subsequent species on an acidified pb/zn tailings site. as the experimental treatments, s. rostrata issues harvested on the site were removed from the site or buried into the tailings as the green manure. changes of tailings chemical and physical properties, germination, growth and heavy metal accumulation of lolium multiflorum were investigated. the results showed that cropping of s. rostrata improved the chemica ... | 2004 | 15146634 |
| assessment of the use of industrial by-products to remediate a copper- and arsenic-contaminated soil. | two water treatment sludges (wts-a, wts-b), two red muds (rm), and red gypsum (rg), all rich in iron oxy-hydroxides, were added to a soil highly polluted with as and cu at 2% (w/w) to reduce metal bioavailability. because the amendments increased soil ph to approximately 6, a lime treatment to the same ph and an unamended treatment were included for comparison. all the amendments had significant positive effects on the soil microbial biomass and growth of ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam. cv. av ... | 2004 | 15224926 |
| herbicide selection of italian ryegrass under different levels of uvb radiation. | ultraviolet-b radiation is an environmental stress for plants and this situation could become aggravated in the next decades. in this study we used italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) as a model system to test whether an environmental stress derived from global change, such as uvb, can influence the efficacy of control procedures and evolution toward herbicide resistance. we grew three generations of italian ryegrass plants with and without uvb light and subjected them to a series of dicl ... | 2004 | 15254120 |
| increased resistance to crown rust disease in transgenic italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) expressing the rice chitinase gene. | we introduced the rice chitinase (cht-2; rcc2) gene into calli of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.), with a hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene as a selectable marker, by particle bombardment. hygromycin-resistant calli were selected and transferred to regeneration medium for shoot formation. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis revealed regenerants containing the hpt gene. the rcc2 gene was detected in 65.5% of those regenerants. southern hybridization detected both hpt and rc ... | 2004 | 15599752 |
| development of est-derived caps and aflp markers linked to a gene for resistance to ryegrass blast (pyricularia sp.) in italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). | ryegrass blast, also called gray leaf spot, is caused by the fungus pyricularia sp. it is one of the most serious diseases of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) in japan. we analyzed segregation of resistance in an f(1) population from a cross between a resistant and a susceptible cultivar. the disease severity distribution in the f(1) population suggested that resistance was controlled by a major gene (lm pi1). analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms with bulked segregant an ... | 2005 | 16025307 |
| autecology in rhizospheres and nodulating behavior of indigenous rhizobium trifolii. | indigenous serotype 1-01 of rhizobium trifolii occupied significantly fewer nodules (6%) on plants of soil-grown noninoculated subterranean clover (trifolium subterraneum l.) cv. woogenellup than on cv. mt. barker (36%) sampled at the flowering stage of growth. occupancy by indigenous serotype 2-01, was not significantly different on the two cultivars (16 and 26%). serotype-specific, fluorescent-antibody conjugates were synthesized and used to enumerate the indigenous serotypes in host (clovers) ... | 1986 | 16347198 |
| genetic diversity and pathogenicity of the grass pathogen xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis. | genetic diversity of xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (x.t.g.), the causal agent of bacterial wilt in forage grasses, was assessed using 16s rdna sequencing, aflp analysis and pathogenicity screening on three italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) cultivars. the aim of this in depth analysis was to provide insight into geographic variation and race specificity of x.t.g. in order to develop strategies for plant protection and resistance breeding. 16s rdna sequencing of 29 putative x.t.g. isola ... | 2006 | 16464692 |
| the stimulation of ethylene synthesis in nicotiana tabacum leaves by the phytotoxin coronatine. | coronatine is a chlorosis-inducing toxin produced by the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv atropurpurea. this bacterium is the causal agent of chocolate spot disease, in which brown lesions with chlorotic margins develop on the leaves of lolium multiflorum lam. among the many physiological changes to plants caused by coronatine is the stimulation of ethylene production from bean leaves. the ethyl-substituted side chain of coronatine is an analog of the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropan ... | 1992 | 16652950 |
| the effect of carbohydrate source on nitrogen capture in dairy cows on pasture. | the objective of this study was to determine if feeding carbohydrate supplements with faster degradation rates than corn to dairy cows grazing ryegrass would improve nitrogen capture, milk production, and components. treatments were grain supplements based on: 1) corn (corn), 2) barley and molasses (bm), or 3) citrus pulp and molasses (cm). for bm and cm, the diet composition was the same as that of corn except that a portion of the corn was replaced with barley and molasses or citrus pulp and m ... | 2006 | 16772585 |
| timing of herbage allocation in strip grazing: effects on grazing pattern and performance of beef heifers. | the timing of grazing bouts (gb) determines how cattle allot time to meet their nutritional needs. net photosynthesis and evapotranspirational losses increase herbage nonstructural carbohydrate and dm concentrations, which may lead to longer and more intense gb at dusk. hence, linking the grazing pattern, plant phenology, and herbage allocation time emerges as an option to manipulate the gb and nutrient intake. the objectives of this work were to analyze grazing behavior and performance of beef ... | 2006 | 16775079 |
| genetic mapping reveals a single major qtl for bacterial wilt resistance in italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). | bacterial wilt caused by xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (xtg) is a major disease of economically important forage crops such as ryegrasses and fescues. targeted breeding based on seedling inoculation has resulted in cultivars with considerable levels of resistance. however, the mechanisms of inheritance of resistance are poorly understood and further breeding progress is difficult to obtain. this study aimed to assess the relevance of the seedling screening in the glasshouse for adult plan ... | 2006 | 16799808 |
| manipulating the phenolic acid content and digestibility of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) by vacuolar-targeted expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase. | in grass cell walls, ferulic acid esters linked to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans play a key role in crosslinking hemicellulose. although such crosslinks have a number of important roles in the cell wall, they also hinder the rate and extent of cell wall degradation by ruminant microbes and by fungal glycohydrolyase enzymes. ferulic acid esterase (fae) can release both monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack. ... | 2006 | 16915658 |
| potential for phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-(pcb-)contaminated soil. | weathered soils contaminated with commercial-grade aroclor 1260 from three sites in canada were used to investigate the polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) phytoextraction potential of nine plant species (festuca arundinacea, glycine max, medicago sativa, phalaris arundinacea, lolium multiflorum, carex normalis, and three varieties of cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo) under controlled greenhouse conditions. the soils used varied in pcb concentration (90-4200 microg/g) and total organic content (0.06-2.02%). ... | 2006 | 17120525 |
| rainfall intensity and phosphorus source effects on phosphorus transport in surface runoff from soil trays. | phosphorus runoff from agricultural fields amended with mineral fertilizers and manures has been linked to freshwater eutrophication. a rainfall simulation study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different rainfall intensities and p sources differing in water soluble p (wsp) concentration on p transport in runoff from soil trays packed with a berks loam and grassed with annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). triple superphosphate (tsp; 79% wsp), low-grade super single phosphate (lgssp ... | 2007 | 17187846 |
| consistent detection of qtls for crown rust resistance in italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) across environments and phenotyping methods. | crown rust, caused by puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii, is one of the most important diseases of temperate forage grasses, such as ryegrasses (lolium spp.), affecting yield and nutritional quality. therefore, resistance to crown rust is a major goal in ryegrass breeding programmes. in a two-way pseudo-testcross population consisting of 306 lolium multiflorum individuals, multisite field evaluations as well as alternative methods based on artificial inoculation with natural inoculate in controlled ... | 2007 | 17426957 |
| review of potential environmental impacts of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean in brazil. | transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybeans (grs) have been commercialized and grown extensively in the western hemisphere, including brazil. worldwide, several studies have shown that previous and potential effects of glyphosate on contamination of soil, water, and air are minimal, compared to those caused by the herbicides that they replace when grs are adopted. in the usa and argentina, the advent of glyphosate-resistant soybeans resulted in a significant shift to reduced- and no-tillage practic ... | 2007 | 17562462 |
| feeding strategies for small-scale dairy systems based on perennial (lolium perenne) or annual (lolium multiflorum) ryegrass in the central highlands of mexico. | small-scale dairying is an option for campesinos in mexico. the costs of feeding are high and strategies based on quality forages are a priority. the performance, agronomic variables and feeding costs were evaluated for dairy cows continuously grazing perennial ryegrass-white clover for 9 h/day (prg) or fed cut herbage from annual ryegrass for 8 weeks followed by 9 h/day for 6 weeks on a tethered rotational grazing pattern (arg). all cows received 3 kg/day of an 18% crude protein (cp) concentrat ... | 2007 | 17691542 |
| revegetation of high zinc and lead tailings with municipal biosolids and lime: greenhouse study. | acidic (ph 4.1) and high cd, pb, and zn mine tailings (mean +/- sd: 17 +/- 0.4, 3800 +/- 100, and 3500 +/- 100 mg kg(-1), respectively) from an alluvial tailings deposit in leadville, colorado were amended with municipal biosolids (bs) (224 mg ha(-1)) and different types of lime (calcium carbonate equivalent of 224 mg ha(-1) caco3) in a greenhouse column study to test the ability of the amendments to neutralize surface and subsoil acidity and restore plant growth. the types of lime included coar ... | 2007 | 17940260 |
| glyphosate-resistant weeds of south american cropping systems: an overview. | herbicide resistance is an evolutionary event resulting from intense herbicide selection over genetically diverse weed populations. in south america, orchard, cereal and legume cropping systems show a strong dependence on glyphosate to control weeds. the goal of this report is to review the current knowledge on cases of evolved glyphosate-resistant weeds in south american agriculture. the first reports of glyphosate resistance include populations of highly diverse taxa (lolium multiflorum lam., ... | 2008 | 18161884 |
| variations in bacterial communities in laboratory-scale and big bale silos assessed by fermentation products, colony counts and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles. | to assess the variation in bacterial communities in laboratory-scale and big bale silos. | 2008 | 18179593 |
| toxicity of anllóns river sediment extracts using microtox and the zucconi phytotoxicity test. | two methods of environmental toxicological tests were compared and applied to bed sediments of the anllóns river: the standardized toxicological test based on inhibition of luminescence employing vibrio fischeri, and a phytotoxicity test, using garden cress (lepidium sativum l.), water cress (nasturtium officinalis l.) and annual rye-grass (lolium multiflorum l.) seeds. in addition, tclp and hcl extracts were evaluated. the inhibition of luminescence test showed more sensitivity to toxicants tha ... | 2008 | 18204984 |
| studies of nitrile oxide cycloadditions, and the phenolic oxidative coupling of vanillin aldoxime by geobacillus sp. dds012 from italian rye grass silage. | during studies directed towards the discovery of nitrile hydrolysing enzymes from thermophiles, vanillin aldoxime was incubated with the thermophilic organism, geobacillus sp. dds012 isolated from italian rye grass (lolium multiflorum) silage. the predominant product was a dihydro-dimer, which could only be characterised by lc-ms. this was initially imagined to be the product of cycloaddition of vanillin aldoxime with the corresponding nitrile oxide, but preparation of the supposed adduct and mo ... | 2008 | 18264580 |
| production of enterocins l50a, l50b, and it, a new enterocin, by enterococcus faecium it62, a strain isolated from italian ryegrass in japan. | enterococcus faecium it62, isolated from ryegrass in japan, was shown to produce three different bacteriocins, two of which had molecular masses and amino acid sequences that corresponded to those of enterocin l50a and enterocin l50b. these peptides existed, however, as chemically modified forms that were either n formylated or n formylated and oxidized at met(24). the third bacteriocin, named enterocin it, had a molecular mass of 6,390 da, was made up of 54 amino acids, and did not correspond t ... | 2008 | 18391036 |
| molecular characterization of lolium latent virus, proposed type member of a new genus in the family flexiviridae. | lolium latent virus (lolv) was recently detected in the usa for the first time in ryegrass hybrids (lolium perenne x lolium multiflorum). the genome of one usa isolate, lolv-us1, has now been fully sequenced. the positive strand genomic rna is 7674 nucleotides (nt) long and is organized in five open reading frames (orfs) encoding the replication-associated protein, the movement-associated triple gene block proteins and the coat protein (cp). the genome organization is similar to that of viruses ... | 2008 | 18509590 |
| effect of a preparation containing lactic fermentation bacteria on the hygienic status and aerobic stability of silages. | the objective of this study was to determine the influence of biological silage additive (bonsilage) on the hygiene quality and nutritive value of maize and grass-legume silages. the experiments were conducted on fao 240 maize (zea mays l.) and a mixture of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.), 50% with alfalfa (medicago media pers.), 50%. group 1 was a control and comprised silage without any additives, group 2 was ensiled with the addition of 4 cm3 kg(-1) biological silage additive. after ... | 2008 | 18540206 |
| dissipation of pahs in saturated, dredged sediments: a field trial. | sediments dredged from navigable rivers often contain elevated concentrations of recalcitrant, potentially toxic organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). the presence of these compounds often requires that the sediments be stored in fully contained disposal facilities. a 3-year field study was conducted at the jones island disposal facility in milwaukee, wisconsin, to compare bioremediation of pahs in contaminated dredged sediments in the a ... | 2008 | 18547603 |
| assessment of chemical, biochemical and ecotoxicological aspects in a mine soil amended with sludge of either urban or industrial origin. | a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge (ss), of sugar beet sludge (sbs), or of a combination of both, in the remediation of a highly acidic (ph 3.6) metal-contaminated soil, affected by mining activities. the ss was applied at 100 and 200 mg ha(-1) (dry weight basis), and the sbs at 7 mg ha(-1). all pots were sown with italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). after 60 d of growth, shoot biomass was quantified and analysed for cu, pb and zn. the pseud ... | 2008 | 18547605 |
| an allelopathic substance in red pine needles (pinus densiflora). | aqueous methanol extracts of red pine (pinus densiflora) needles inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), alfalfa (medicago sativa), ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), timothy (pheleum pratense), digitaria sanguinalis and echinochloa crus-galli. increasing the extract concentration increased inhibition, suggesting that the pine needles may have growth inhibitory substances and possess allelopathic potential. the aqueous methanol extract of the p ... | 2009 | 18755523 |
| silage from maize (zea mays), annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) or their mixture in the dry season feeding of grazing dairy cows in small-scale dairy production systems in the highlands of mexico. | small-scale dairy systems based on grazing have dry-season herbage shortages. a repeated 3 x 3 latin square experiment evaluated grazing with silage from maize (ms), annual ryegrass (arg) or a mixture (mix) with 9 cows with 3 week periods; continuously grazed at 3.6 cows/ha with 3.6 kg dm/day of concentrate. treatments were 7 kg dm of ms, arg or a 2 ms:1 arg mixture. milk yield (my), milk composition, live-weight, body condition, silage and concentrate intake were recorded. herbage dm intake was ... | 2009 | 18787970 |
| imperfect vertical transmission of the endophyte neotyphodium in exotic grasses in grasslands of the flooding pampa. | cool-season grasses establish symbioses with vertically transmitted neotyphodium endophytes widespread in nature. the frequency of endophyte-infected plants in closed populations (i.e., without migrations) depends on both the differential fitness between infected and non-infected plants, and the endophyte-transmission efficiency. most studies have been focused on the first mechanism ignoring the second. infection frequency and endophyte transmission from vegetative tissues to seeds were surveyed ... | 2009 | 18797956 |
| mapping and comparative analysis of qtl for crown rust resistance in an italian x perennial ryegrass population. | abstract crown rust (puccinia coronata f. sp. lolli) is a serious fungal foliar disease of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) and italian ryegrass (l. multiflorum lam.), which are important forage and turf species. a number of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for crown rust resistance previously were identified in perennial ryegrass under growth chamber or greenhouse conditions. in this study, we conducted a qtl mapping for crown rust resistance in a three-generation italian x perennial ryegras ... | 2007 | 18943608 |
| arbuscular mycorrhiza and petroleum-degrading microorganisms enhance phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. | while plants can phytoremediate soils that are contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, adding microbes to remediate contaminated sites with petroleum-degrading microorganisms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) is not well understood. the phytoremediation of arabian medium crude oil (aco) was done with a lolium multiflorum system inoculated with an amf (glomus intraradices) and a mixture of petroleum-degrading microorganisms--the bacterium, sphingomonas paucimobilis (sp) and the filamentous ... | 2008 | 19260211 |
| the effect of marigolds (tagetes spp.) and other cover crops on pratylenchus penetrans and on following potato crops. | root-lesion nematodes (primarily pratylenchus penetrans) were monitored in two marigold cultivars (tagetes tenuifolia cv. nemakill and cv. nemanon), annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum cv. lemtal), red clover (trifolium pratense cv. florex), and soybean (glycine max cv. proteus), and in the following potato (solanum tuberosum cv. superior) crop during three growth sequences. meadow fescue (festuca elatior cv. miner) and bee plant (phacelia tanacetifolia cv. gipha) were added to the trial in the ... | 2000 | 19271006 |
| mathematical modeling of allelopathy. iii. a model for curve-fitting allelochemical dose responses. | bioassay techniques are often used to study the effects of allelochemicals on plant processes, and it is generally observed that the processes are stimulated at low allelochemical concentrations and inhibited as the concentrations increase. a simple empirical model is presented to analyze this type of response. the stimulation-inhibition properties of allelochemical-dose responses can be described by the parameters in the model. the indices, p% reductions, are calculated to assess the allelochem ... | 2003 | 19330111 |
| finishing steers on winter annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) with varied levels of corn supplementation i: effects on animal performance, carcass traits, and forage quality. | crossbred steers (n = 72) were selected to study forage-based finishing systems using winter annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) with varying levels of grain supplementation. in december, cattle were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments consisting of ryegrass pasture (1 ha) with whole shell corn supplemented at 0.0% (0.0), 0.5% (0.5), 1.0% (1.0), 1.5% (1.5), and 2.0% (2.0) of bw, or an ad libitum mixed-ration grain diet in a drylot. steers were randomly assigned to pens of 4 with pen serving as t ... | 2009 | 19420228 |
| differential expression of the skeletal muscle proteome in grazed cattle. | the objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the muscle proteome of grass-fed and grain-fed cattle. eight japanese black cattle 10 mo of age were separated randomly into 2 groups: 1) grazing (grass-fed) and 2) concentrate (grain-fed) groups. all cattle were first housed individually in a stall barn and fed a combination of concentrate ad libitum and italian ryegrass hay until 21 mo of age. after this control period, the 4 grass-fed cattle were placed on outdoor pasture, wher ... | 2009 | 19420231 |
| phytoremediation potential of the novel atrazine tolerant lolium multiflorum and studies on the mechanisms involved. | atrazine impact on human health and the environment have been extensively studied. phytoremediation emerged as a low cost, environmental friendly biotechnological solution for atrazine pollution in soil and water. in vitro atrazine tolerance assays were performed and lolium multiflorum was found as a novel tolerant species, able to germinate and grow in the presence of 1 mg kg(-1) of the herbicide. l. multiflorum presented 20% higher atrazine removal capacity than the natural attenuation, with h ... | 2009 | 19525047 |
| fatty acid metabolism and deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pasture- and feedlot-finished cattle. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pasture finishing versus feedlot finishing, over time, on fatty acid metabolism in angus crossbred steers (n = 24). ruminal fluid, serum, and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained on d 0, 28, 84, and 140. pasture forages and diet ingredient samples were obtained at 14-d intervals to determine nutritive value and fatty acid composition. the feedlot diet consisted of corn silage, cracked corn grain, soybean meal, and a vitamin and mineral supp ... | 2009 | 19617512 |
| microbial community structure changes during aroclor 1242 degradation in the rhizosphere of ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.). | polychlorinated biphenyls in a commercial mixture (aroclor 1242) were added to soil at 8.0 mg kg(-1) with and without ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.) planted in a specially designed rhizobox. at the end of 90 days, the presence of plants significantly increased aroclor 1242 degradation compared with soils without ryegrass. phospholipid fatty acids (plfas) profiles were affected by the distance from the rhizosphere, indicating a distance-dependent selective enrichment of competent species that m ... | 2009 | 19663919 |
| ige cross-reactivity between lolium multiflorum and commercial grass pollen allergen extracts in brazilian patients with pollinosis. | lolium multiflorum (lm) grass pollen is the major cause of pollinosis in southern brazil. the objectives of this study were to investigate immunodominant components of lm pollen allergens and the cross-reactivity of ige with commercial grass pollen allergen extracts. thirty-eight serum samples from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (sar), 35 serum samples from patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (par) and 30 serum samples from non-atopic subjects were analyzed. allergen sensitizatio ... | 2010 | 20098843 |
| hydrocarbon degradation and plant colonization by selected bacterial strains isolated from italian ryegrass and birdsfoot trefoil. | to assess the degradation potential and plant colonization capacity of four alkane-degrading strains (itsi10, itri15, itrh76 and btrh79) in combination with birdsfoot trefoil and italian ryegrass and to evaluate the diversity of indigenous alkane-degrading soil bacteria in the rhizo- and endosphere. | 2010 | 20522148 |
| removal of nutrients and veterinary antibiotics from swine wastewater by a constructed macrophyte floating bed system. | the potential of three varieties of italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.), dryan, tachimasari and waseyutaka, to improve the water quality of swine wastewater was evaluated using a constructed macrophyte floating bed system. with respect to reductions in levels of nutrients, chemical oxygen demand (cod), and sulfonamide antimicrobials (sas, including sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole), dryan performed better than tachimasari and waseyutaka. for dryan, total n was reduced by ... | 2010 | 20696518 |
| agricultural impacts of glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivation in south america. | in the 2009/2010 growing season, brazil was the second largest world soybean producer, followed by argentina. glyphosate-resistant soybeans (grs) are being cultivated in most of the soybean area in south america. overall, the grs system is beneficial to the environment when compared to conventional soybean. grs resulted in a significant shift toward no-tillage practices in brazil and argentina, but weed resistance may reduce this trend. probably the highest agricultural risk in adopting grs in b ... | 2010 | 20839871 |
| transcriptional responses of italian ryegrass during interaction with xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis reveal novel candidate genes for bacterial wilt resistance. | xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (xtg) causes bacterial wilt, a severe disease of forage grasses such as italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). in order to gain a more detailed understanding of the genetic control of resistance mechanisms and to provide prerequisites for marker assisted selection, the partial transcriptomes of two italian ryegrass genotypes, one resistant and one susceptible to bacterial wilt were compared at four time points after xtg infection. a cdna microarray devel ... | 2010 | 20976589 |
| enhanced dissipation of pahs from soil using mycorrhizal ryegrass and pah-degrading bacteria. | the major aim of this experiment was to test the effects of a multi-component bioremediation system consisting of ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs)-degrading bacteria (acinetobacter sp.), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (glomus mosseae) for cleaning up pahs contaminated soil. higher dissipation rates were observed in combination treatments: i.e., bacteria+ryegrass (br), mycorrhizae+ryegrass (mr), and bacteria+mycorrhizae+ryegrass (bmr); than bacteria (b) and ... | 2010 | 21176862 |
| bacterial and fungal communities of wilted italian ryegrass silage inoculated with and without lactobacillus rhamnosus or lactobacillus buchneri. | to understand the effects of lactic acid bacteria (lab) inoculation on fermentation products, aerobic stability and microbial communities of silage. | 2011 | 21204884 |
| soil type affects plant colonization, activity and catabolic gene expression of inoculated bacterial strains during phytoremediation of diesel. | the combined use of plants and associated microorganisms has great potential for cleaning up soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. apart from environmental conditions the physicochemical properties of the soil are the main factors influencing the survival and activity of an inoculated strain as well as the growth of plants. this study examined the effect of different soil types (sandy, loamy sand and loam) on the survival, gene abundance and catabolic gene expression of two inoculated ... | 2010 | 21216097 |
| italian ryegrass silage in winter feeding of organic dairy cows: forage intake, milk yield and composition. | organic milk production aims at efficient use of home-grown feeds, especially forages, to minimise the quantity of purchased feeds. in conventional agriculture, italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) is known for its high energy content and palatability, and the aim of the present study was to examine its suitability as feed for organic dairy cows. therefore a feeding trial was conducted comparing a diet including 50% (of silage dry matter (dm)) of italian ryegrass silage with a control diet ... | 2010 | 21218476 |
| effect of silage from ryegrass intercropped with winter or common vetch for grazing dairy cows in small-scale dairy systems in mexico. | the objective was to determine the effect of including silages of annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) intercropped with winter vetch (vicia villosa) (arg-vv) or with common vetch (vicia sativa) (arg-vs) compared with maize silage (ms) on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows grazing cultivated perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures with supplemented concentrate during the dry season. six holstein dairy cows with a mean yield of 19.0 kg/cow/day at the beginning of the experiment were r ... | 2011 | 21327716 |
| vitamin and trace element supplementation in grazing dairy ewe during the dry season: effect on milk yield, composition, and clotting aptitude. | a study was carried out to evaluate the influence of vitamin and trace mineral supplementation on milk production and composition in grazing dairy ewes during the dry season. ewes (n?=?50) were assigned at weaning to blocks and treatments. ewes were daily conducted (8 h/day) on a pasture based on italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum). at fold, ewes received a basal diet composed by ad libitum oat hay and a definite amount of a pelleted concentrate. dietary treatments included: (1) the control co ... | 2011 | 21331497 |