| effects of supercypermethrin, a synthetic developmental pyrethroid, on four biological test systems. | the genotoxic potential of the insecticide supercypermethrin, a second-generation pyrethroid, was studied on four different test systems. it was non-mutagenic to salmonella typhimurium strains ta1535, ta100, ta1538, ta98 and ta97 in the presence and absence of s9 mixture. it induced gene conversion at the tryptophan locus and induced point mutations at the isoleucine locus in saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. a slight increase in the frequency of aberrant anaphases and telophases in root tips of h ... | 1992 | 1381478 |
| two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized ph gradients of leaf proteins from barley (hordeum vulgare): method, reproducibility and genetic aspects. | leaf proteins from 14 barley cultivars (hordeum vulgare) were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized ph gradients (ipg 4-7 and ipg 6-10) in the first dimension. highly reproducible two-dimensional patterns were obtained, owing to constant spot positions along the isoelectric focusing axis. a number of variety-specific protein spots were detected, allowing us to discriminate barley cultivars not only into main groups but into individual cultivars. | 1988 | 3250872 |
| the a- and b-chains of carboxypeptidase i from germinated barley originate from a single precursor polypeptide. | carboxypeptidase i from germinated barley (hordeum vulgare) grain consists of two peptide chains linked by disulfides; the a- and b-chains contain 266 and 148 amino acid residues, respectively (sorensen, s. b., breddam, k., and svendsen, i. (1986) carlsberg res. commun. 51, 475-485). a cdna library prepared from mrna isolated from scutella of 2-day germinated barley has now been screened with a mixed oligonucleotide encoding a peptide fragment of the a-chain. nucleotide sequence analysis of a 14 ... | 1988 | 3403516 |
| the gene for trypsin inhibitor cme is regulated in trans by the lys 3a locus in the endosperm of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | a cdna encoding trypsin inhibitor cme from barley endosperm has been cloned and characterized. the longest open reading frame of the cloned cdna codes for a typical signal peptide of 24 residues followed by a sequence which is identical to the known amino acid sequence of the inhibitor, except for an ile/leu substitution at position 59. southern blot analysis of wheat-barley addition lines has shown that chromosome 3h of barley carries the gene for cme. this protein is present at less than 2%-3% ... | 1989 | 2516240 |
| expression of resistance to barley stripe mosaic virus in barley and oat protoplasts. | mesophyll protoplasts from both susceptible and resistant hosts were inoculated with rna purified from barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) strains cv52 and cv42 using the polyethylene glycol (peg) method. protoplasts derived from the susceptible hordeum vulgare l. cv. black hulless were susceptible to both bsmv strains, as indicated by fluorescein isothiocyanate staining and elisa. more than 80% of protoplasts derived from an oat cultivar resistant to cv52, but not to cv42, were readily infected b ... | 1990 | 2391502 |
| the influence of barley stripe mosaic virus on the replication of tobacco mosaic virus in hordeum vulgare l. | | 1972 | 4673851 |
| biphasic inhibition of photosynthesis in powdery mildewed barley. | a careful restudy of the photosynthetic process of barley (hordeum vulgare) infected with powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) is reported. unlike previous reports, which indicated a stimulation in infected host tissue photosynthesis during early stages of the disease followed by a rapid decline in activity, this study observed no stimulation but instead a biphasic inhibition in infected host photosynthesis under physiological concentrations of co(2). under high co(2) (1.0%) a stimul ... | 1970 | 5429351 |
| the genetics of host-pathogen coevolution: implications for genetic resource conservation. | the results of long-term studies of coevolution in the hordeum vulgare-rhynchosporium secalis pathosystem are summarized. the genetic systems of barley (host) and r. secalis (pathogen) are complementary: gene-for-gene interactions among loci affect many traits, leading to self-regulating adjustments over generations between host and pathogen populations. different pathotypes differ widely in their ability to damage the host, and different host-resistance alleles differ widely in their ability to ... | 1990 | 2332610 |
| multiple molecular forms of the gibberellin-induced alpha-amylase from the aleurone layers of barley seeds. | a class of plant growth regulators, gibberellins, induce the synthesis of alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-d-glucan glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.1) in the aleurone layers of barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. himalaya) seeds. the purified alpha-amylase is composed of multiple isozymic forms with indistinguishable molecular weights, but different net charges. these alpha-amylase isozymes separate on isoelectric focusing gels into two groups, each containing multiple species. one group has an apparent isoelect ... | 1983 | 6191665 |
| genomic rna of an insect virus directs synthesis of infectious virions in plants. | newly synthesized virions of flock house virus (fhv), an insect nodavirus, were detected in plant cells inoculated with fhv rna. fhv was found in whole plants of barley (hordeum vulgare), cowpea (vigna sinensis), chenopodium (chenopodium hybridum), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), and nicotiana benthamiana and in protoplasts derived from barley leaves. virions produced in plants contained newly synthesized rna as well as newly synthesized capsid protein. these results show that the intracellular env ... | 1990 | 2296598 |
| effects on adaptedness of variations in ribosomal dna copy number in populations of wild barley (hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). | twenty alleles, 12 at mendelian locus rrn1 and 8 at locus rrn2, control rrna genes [ribosomal dna (rdna)] variability in barley. these alleles differ strikingly in their effects on adaptedness. in the present study, we determined variation in the copy number of 101 accessions of wild barley plants from 10 ecologically diverse sites in israel and examined relationships between rdna copy number and adaptedness. the average multiplicity of rdna per haploid genome was 1881 copies and the average num ... | 1990 | 2247443 |
| toxin production in pyrenophora teres, the ascomycete causing the net-spot blotch disease of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | toxin production in a large number of pyrenophora teres isolates have been investigated. during fungal growth, the ph of the medium decreases from 6.5 to about 3.0. aspergillomarasmine a is the major toxin excreted into the culture medium. nonenzymatic acid-catalyzed conversion of aspergillomarasmine a to anhydroaspergillomarasmine a proceeds at low ph and is prevented by repeated titration of the culture medium to ph 6.5. the four possible stereoisomers of n-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)aspartic aci ... | 1991 | 2071605 |
| a copy of exon 3-intron 3 from the barley aleurain gene is present on chromosome 2. | a genomic clone from hordeum vulgare l. cv. himalaya contains 700 bp of dna that is homologous with a high degree of nucleotide sequence similarity to exon 3-intron 3 from the gene for the thiol protease, aleurain. genomic southern blot mapping data indicate that this clone in phage lambda had not undergone rearrangement, and no other sequences homologous to aleurain are present on it. although exon 3 in aleurain encodes the polypeptide region cleaved during proteolytic processing of the proenzy ... | 1991 | 1884002 |
| studies on the utilization of a plant sce test in detecting potential mutagenic agents. | in this paper a modified procedure for sister-chromatid differentiation in plant cells is reported. using this procedure some chemicals were tested for sce induction in vicia faba, hordeum vulgare and secale cereale. the chemicals tested were ethanol, chromium oxide, sodium saccharin, fluorouracil, ascorbic acid (vitamin c), omethoate and phenol. the experimental results showed that most of them induced sce increases in mouse spleen cells, human lymphocytes and plant cells. the increase of sces ... | 1991 | 1881408 |
| induction of beta-1,3-glucanase in barley in response to infection by fungal pathogens. | the sequence of a partial cdna clone corresponding to an mrna induced in leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare) by infection with fungal pathogens matched almost perfectly with that of a cdna clone coding for beta-1,-3-glucanase isolated from the scutellum of barley. western blot analysis of intercellular proteins from near-isogenic barley lines inoculated with the powdery mildew fungus (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) showed a strong induction of glucanase in all inoculated lines but was most pron ... | 1991 | 1815765 |
| identification of an essential tyrosine residue in the catalytic site of a chitinase isolated from zea mays that is selectively modified during inactivation with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide. | chitinase isolated from zea mays seeds is inactivated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (edc) in the absence of exogenous nucleophiles. oligomers of n-acetylglucosamine,n,n',n",n"'-tetra-n-acetylchitotetraose (glcnac4), and to a lesser extent, n,n',n"-tri-n-acetylchitotriose (glcnac3) and n,n'-di-n-acetylchitobiose (glcnac2) provide partial protection against inactivation by the reagent. an examination of the concentration dependence of the protection afforded by glcnac4 revealed ... | 1992 | 1740436 |
| structure of the hordeum vulgare gene encoding dihydroflavonol-4-reductase and molecular analysis of ant18 mutants blocked in flavonoid synthesis. | a full-length cdna clone encoding barley dihydroflavonol-4-reductase was isolated from a kernel-specific cdna library by screening with the cdna of the structural gene (a1) for this enzyme from maize. subsequently, the gene corresponding to the barley dihydroflavonol-4-reductase cdna was cloned and sequenced. the gene contains three introns at the same positions as in the zea mays gene, corresponding to the positions of the first three of the five introns present in the genes of petunia hybrida ... | 1991 | 1720864 |
| molecular analyses of a barley multigene family homologous to the yeast protein kinase gene snf1. | genomic sequences homologous to the yeast gene snf1 have been isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare) cv. sunbar. snf1 encodes a protein serine/threonine kinase required for the derepression of a number of genes, including suc2 (invertase) in response to glucose deprivation. southern blotting showed the presence of a family of related genes in barley and full-length sequences have been determined for two members of the family, one of which lacks an exon and is almost certainly non-functional. a p ... | 1992 | 1302632 |
| investigations into rhizosphere microflora of some plants in libya. | the present investigation deals with the effect of raising hordeum vulgare and arachis hypogaea at two different stages on the microbial rhizosphere population. the studies were extended to reveal the microbiological occurrence in different horizons of a soil profile corresponding in length to root regions. bacteria were most abundant, followed by actinomycetes while fungi were less abundant and more restricted in their distribution. the three groups of microorganisms varied markedly in the rhiz ... | 1979 | 494853 |
| polyamine changes during senescence and tumorogenesis in plants. | putrescine, spermidine, spermine and two unknowns designated as a and b were detected in first seedling leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. wolfe). the levels of these polyamines in first seedling leaves from 4-day-old barley plants grown in darkness or in light were comparable and did not change significantly after exposure of dark grown plants to light for 24 h. no significant consistent changes in the amounts of above polyamines, except perhaps decline in spermidine, were noted during s ... | 1987 | 3695590 |
| new alpha-amylase and trypsin inhibitors among the cm-proteins of barley (hordeum vulgare). | barley cm-proteins are a group of at least five salt-soluble components (cma-e) that can be selectively extracted from endosperm with chloroform/methanol mixtures. n-terminal sequences of proteins cma, cmb and cmc have been determined and found to be homologous to those previously determined for cmd and cme, an observation which confirms that their structural genes are members of a dispersed multi-gene family. the purified cm-proteins were tested against trypsin and against alpha-amylases from s ... | 1986 | 3484638 |
| optimal conditions for the use of cdna probes to measure the concentration of barley yellow dwarf virus in barley (hordeum vulgare). | experiments which optimise the conditions for the measurement of the relative concentration of bydv in barley (hordeum vulgare) tissues using cdna probes are described herein. these studies have shown that both the ph of the buffer and the ratio of buffer to tissue used to homogenise plant material greatly affects the amount of cdna probe which hybridises to leaf extracts immobilised on nitrocellulose. these studies also showed that the measurement of this virus was greatly facilitated by using ... | 1988 | 3372676 |
| identification of a chloroplast-encoded 9-kda polypeptide as a 2[4fe-4s] protein carrying centers a and b of photosystem i. | an improved procedure is reported for large-scale preparation of photosystem i (ps-i) vesicles from thylakoid membranes of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). the ps-i vesicles contain polypeptides of molecular masses 82, 18, 16, 14, and 9 kda in an apparent molar ratio of 4:2:2:1:2. the 18-, 16-, and 9-kda polypeptides were purified to homogeneity after exposure of the ps-i vesicles to chaotropic agents. the isolated 9-kda polypeptide binds 65-70% of the zero-valence sulfur of denatured ps-i vesicles, ... | 1987 | 3305512 |
| chloroplast dna diversity in populations of wild and cultivated barley. | chloroplast dna (cpdna) diversity was found within and among populations (245 accessions total) of wild barley, hordeum vulgare l. ssp. spontaneum koch from israel and iran. three polymorphic restriction sites (hindiii, ecori, bcli) which define three distinct cpdna lineages were detected. one lineage is common to populations in the hule valley and kinneret of northern israel, and in iran. the second lineage is found predominantly in the lower jordan valley and negev. the distribution of the thi ... | 1988 | 2906305 |
| coevolution of host and pathogen populations in the hordeum vulgare-rhynchosporium secalis pathosystem. | isolates of rhynchosporium secalis collected from two experimental barley populations were scored for putative isozyme, colony color, and virulence loci. allelic frequencies, multilocus haplotype frequencies, and multilocus genetic structure differed in the two populations of r. secalis; haplotypes also differed widely from each other in virulence. the average virulence of isolates collected from the more resistant host population was greater than the average virulence of the isolates collected ... | 1989 | 2726757 |
| hydrolytic specificity of the barley grain aspartic proteinase. | we recently published the primary structure and inhibition data of the barley grain aspartic proteinase (hvap, hordeum vulgare aspartic proteinase) which revealed similarity to mammalian cathepsin d and yeast aspartic proteinase a. here we present evidence, based on km and kcat values for the enzyme as well as on its cleavage sites in haemoglobin, the insulin b-chain, glucagon and melittin, that the similarity extends to its hydrolytic specificity. like the animal and microbial aspartic proteina ... | 1993 | 7763475 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cdna coding for the nadph-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (pcr) of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and its expression in escherichia coli. | the primary structure of the nadph-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase of barley has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a cloned full-length cdna. this cdna hybridizes to a 1.7 kb rna whose steady-state level in dark-grown seedlings is drastically reduced upon illumination. the predicted amino acid sequence (388 residues in length) includes a transit peptide of 74 amino acids whose end point has been delimited by sequencing the n-terminus of the mature protein. expression of the cdna in ... | 1989 | 2671659 |
| genotoxicity of azidoalanine in mammalian cells. | sodium azide mutagenesis is mediated through a metabolic intermediate in bacteria and plant species. however, very little is known about the interaction of this intermediate with nucleic acids, its genotoxic potential, or its mechanism of action, especially in mammalian cells. chinese hamster cells and normal human skin fibroblasts were treated with extracts from salmonella typhimurium or hordeum vulgare (barley) containing a crude mutagenic metabolite, as well as with synthetically produced azi ... | 1989 | 2651118 |
| transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat. | methods have been developed for the isolation of aleurone protoplasts from developing caryopses of hordeum vulgare and triticum aestivum in order to study transient expression of introduced genes. chimaeric gene constructs were introduced into aleurone protoplasts by polyethylene glycol (peg). transient expression directed by the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) of the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) was detected in aleurone protoplasts from devel ... | 1989 | 2562757 |
| the structure of an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis isolated from barley. | purification of the oily, nonpolar fraction of high protein barley (hordeum vulgare l.) flour by high pressure liquid chromatography yielded 10 major components, two (i, ii) of which were potent inhibitors of cholesterogenesis in vivo and in vitro. the addition of purified inhibitor i (2.5-20 ppm) to chick diets significantly decreased hepatic cholesterogenesis and serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and concomitantly increased lipogenic activity. the high resolution mass spectro ... | 1986 | 3733719 |
| carbon dioxide compensation points in related plant species. | both high and low c0(2) compensation concentrations were found in the plant genera-panicum, cyperus, and euphorbia. within each genus, however, high and low compensations were found in different subgenera. thus, they may not be genetically closely related. no significant differences in co(2) compensation were found among 100 genetic lines of triticum aestivum l. or among 20 lines of hordeum vulgare l. | 1969 | 5774193 |
| glycerate kinase from leaves of c3 plants. | d-glycerate-3-kinase (ec 2.7.1.31) in six c3 species, including dicots (pisum sativum, spinacea oleracea, antirrhinum majus) and monocots (secale cereale, hordeum vulgare, avena sativa), ranged in activity from 44 to 353 mumol x mg chl-1 x h-1. studies with protoplast extracts of these species indicate that the enzyme is localized in the chloroplasts. glycerate kinase was partially purified from secale (rye, 288-fold) and pisum (pea, 252-fold) chloroplasts by deae-cellulose chromatography, sucro ... | 1983 | 6307152 |
| regulation of synthesis of the photosystem i reaction center. | the in vivo biosynthesis of the p700 chlorophyll a-apoprotein was examined to determine whether this process is light regulated and to determine its relationship to chlorophyll accumulation during light-induced chloroplast development in barley (hordeum vulgare l.). rabbit antibodies to the 58,000-62,000-mol-wt apoprotein were used to measure relative synthesis rates by immunoprecipitation of in vivo labeled leaf proteins and to detect apoprotein accumulation on nitrocellulose protein blots. 5-d ... | 1983 | 6358234 |
| molecular analysis of the effects of the lys 3a gene on the expression of hor loci in developing endosperms of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the lys 3a gene present in the barley mutant ris phi 1508 results in an increased content of lysine in the grain. previous studies have shown that this increase results from a decreased accumulation of hordein and an increase in other more lysine-rich proteins and in free amino acids. we report here a detailed examination of the effects of this gene on the different groups of hordein polypeptides and the mrnas encoding them. the amounts of the two major groups of hordein polypeptides (b and c ho ... | 1984 | 6428392 |
| interaction of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with 2-carboxyhexitol 1,6-bisphosphates. | 2-c-carboxy-d-glucitol 1,6-bisphosphate (cgbp) and 2-c-carboxy-d-mannitol 1,6-bisphosphate (cmbp) have been synthesized, isolated, and the structures of these compounds and the derived lactones elucidated by nmr spectroscopy and periodate oxidation. both carboxyhexitol bisphosphates, which are homologs of the transition state analog 2-c-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate, exhibit competitive inhibiton of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (ec 4.1.1.9) isolated from spinach (spinacia ... | 1983 | 6573158 |
| active site-directed inhibition by optically pure epoxyalkyl cellobiosides reveals differences in active site geometry of two 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolases. the importance of epoxide stereochemistry for enzyme inactivation. | 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolases (ec 3.2.-1.73) from bacillus subtilis and barley (hordeum vulgare) with identical substrate specificities but unrelated primary structures have been probed with (r,s)-epoxyalkyl (-propyl, -butyl, -pentyl) beta-cellobiosides and with optically pure (3s)- and (3r)-3,4-cellobiosides as active site-directed inhibitors. the optimal aglycon length for inactivation differs for the two enzymes, and they are differentially inhibited by the pure epoxybutyl beta-ce ... | 1991 | 1904865 |
| in vitro starch and protein digestibility and iron availability in weaning foods as affected by processing methods. | in the present investigation, four weaning foods were formulated using locally available cereals and pulses such as wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare) and green gram (vigna radiata). cereal, pulse and jaggery were used in the proportion of 70:30:25. domestic processing technique like roasting and malting were used to process cereals and pulses for development of weaning foods. all the four blends had a nutrient composition within the range prescribed by the indian standard insti ... | 1994 | 8153067 |
| bacteria-mediated uptake of choline sulfate by plants: bacterial effectiveness. | the ability of bacteria to cause rapid uptake of choline sulfate in plants, i.e., effectiveness, was studied using pseudomonas tolaasii and excised roots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). once effective, bacteria remained so after being killed by treatments which cause little damage to their outer structure. however, effectiveness was destroyed by disruption of the cell wall, protein reagents, a mild heat treatment or removal of mg2+. effective bacteria adsorbed choline sulfate. this adsorption ha ... | 1980 | 7397169 |
| subunit e of the vacuolar h(+)-atpase of hordeum vulgare l.: cdna cloning, expression and immunological analysis. | a tonoplast protein of 31 kda apparent molecular mass (tpp 31) was isolated from two-dimensional gels. amino acid sequences were determined from lysc endoproteinase-peptide fragments. using degenerate oligonucleotides, a corresponding cdna clone of 1034 bp was isolated from a barley leaf cdna library. it encodes for subunit e of the vacuolar h(+)-atpase, the first one identified in plants so far. the open reading frame extends over 681 bp, encoding a gene product of 227 amino acids and a calcula ... | 1995 | 7496398 |
| the distribution of a spliceosome protein in cereal (triticeae) interphase nuclei from cells with different metabolic activities and through the cell cycle. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) ksm2 and three human sm sera, which detect the 'd' polypeptide in mammals and is associated with the u1, u2, u4/u6, u5, u7, u9-u12 small nuclear rnas, have been used in western blotting to show that the antigen is conserved in wheat (triticum aestivum cv. beaver). immunocytochemistry to wheat and a barley (hordeum vulgare) suspension culture using the mab ksm2 has shown that the 'd' polypeptide occurs in interphase nuclei as speckles and foci outside the nucleoli and ... | 1995 | 7496399 |
| gene family encoding basic pathogenesis-related 1 proteins in barley. | a genomic (prb1) and two cdna clones (prb1-2 and prb1-3) corresponding to two new barley basic pr-1 proteins (prb1-2 and prb1-3) were isolated from hordeum vulgare. genomic analysis of dna suggests that the barley genome contains at least 6 members corresponding to the gene family encoding pr-1 proteins. expression of these genes was induced in primary leaf tissues of the h. vulgare cv. psaknon 4* (f14) man. carrying mlp resistance gene (cv. mlp) and the near-isogenic susceptible cultivar (cv. m ... | 1994 | 7524728 |
| pollen allergen homologues in barley and other crop species. | pollen from 10 agricultural plant species was surveyed for the presence of proteins crossreactive with group i, group iv and group ix allergens. barley (hordeum vulgare), maize (zea mays), rye (secale cerale), triticale (xtriticosecale cereale), oats (avena sativa), canola (brassica napus) and sunflower (helianthus annus) pollens contained numerous allergen cognate proteins. northern blot analysis of barley pollen rna revealed the presence of group i and group ix allergen transcripts. the barley ... | 1995 | 7537171 |
| two ubiquitin-long-tail fusion genes arranged as closely spaced direct repeats in barley. | ubiquitin (ubi) genes encode two types of fusion proteins: polyubi with a varying number of direct repeats of ubi, and ubi-tail fusions with long or short basic c-terminal extensions. a barley (hordeum vulgare) genomic clone has been isolated with two very similar, intronless genes encoding monoubi-long-tail fusion peptides. the genes are arranged as direct repeats separated by 3 kb of dna and account for two of the probable three long-tail genes in the haploid barley genome. both genes are acti ... | 1990 | 1701748 |
| effects of amino acids on sister-chromatid exchanges. | the effects of 10 amino acids on sister-chromatid exchange (sce) frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and six amino acids on the sce frequency in root tip cells of hordeum vulgare were studied. alanine (ala), glycine (gly), phenylalanine (phe), valine (val), histidine (his) and serine (ser) induced a significant increase in sce in pbl but threonine (thr), isoleucine (ile), lysine (lys) and arginine (arg) did not. ala, gly, thr, ile and val induced a significant increase in sce i ... | 1992 | 1382229 |
| fractionation and characterization of two forms of peroxidase from oryza sativa. | peroxidase (e.c. 1.11.1.7., hydrogen donor oxidoreductase) is widely distributed and has been isolated from many higher plants (1). the wide distribution of the enzyme suggests that it could be of great biological importance. however the role that it plays in metabolism is not clear due to the large number of reactions it catalyzes and the considerable number of isozymic species (2). in tomato plants, evans and aldridge (3) separated out six isoperoxidases and in a later paper evans reported 12 ... | 1995 | 7603969 |
| enhanced quantitative resistance against fungal disease by combinatorial expression of different barley antifungal proteins in transgenic tobacco. | cdnas encoding three proteins from barley (hordeum vulgare), a class-ii chitinase (chi), a class-ii beta-1,3-glucanase (glu) and a type-i ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) were expressed in tobacco plants under the control of the camv 35s-promoter. high-level expression of the transferred genes was detected in the transgenic plants by northern and western blot analysis. the leader peptides in chi and glu led to accumulation of these proteins in the intercellular space of tobacco leaves. rip, w ... | 1995 | 7655510 |
| a view of plant dehydrins using antibodies specific to the carboxy terminal peptide. | dehydrins are characterized by the consensus kikeklpg amino acid sequence found near the carboxy terminus, and usually repeated from one to many times within the protein. a synthetic peptide containing this consensus sequence was used to produce specific antibodies that recognize dehydrins in a wide range of plants. this range covered two families of monocots, viz. gramineae (hordeum vulgare l., triticum aestivum l., zea mays l., oryza sativa l.) and liliaceae (allium sativa l.), and five famili ... | 1993 | 7693020 |
| a tetrad of ionizable amino acids is important for catalysis in barley beta-glucanases. | determination of the crystal structures of a 1,3-beta-d-glucanase (e.c. 3.2.1.39) and a 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase (e.c. 3.2.1.73) from barley (hordeum vulgare) (varghese, j.n, garrett, t. p. j., colman, p. m., chen, l., høj, p. b., and fincher, g. b. (1994) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 91, 2785-2789) showed the spatial positions of the catalytic residues in the substrate-binding clefts of the enzymes and also identified highly conserved neighboring amino acid residues. site-directed mutagenesis ... | 1995 | 7713912 |
| the barley hooded mutation caused by a duplication in a homeobox gene intron. | in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) the unit of inflorescence is the spikelet, which bears a fertile bract, the lemma, and the floret consisting of palea, two lodicules, three stamens and the pistil. the hooded mutation causes the appearance of an extra flower of inverse polarity on the lemma. this phenotype is governed by the single dominant genetic locus k3. here we show that the homeobox gene knox3 represents this locus. ectopic knox3 gene expression in the primordium of the extra floret is caused ... | 1995 | 7715728 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a cdna for barley ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase and molecular analysis of photorespiratory mutants deficient in the enzyme. | the nh2-terminal sequences of ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (fd-gogat; ec 1.4.7.1) purified from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and chlamydomonas reinhardtii (dangeard), and of a barley peptide, were determined and the barley sequences were used to design oligonucleotide primers for the polymerase chain reaction. a specific 1.3-kilobase (kb) cdna fragment specifying the nh2-terminal one-third of the mature barley polypeptide, was amplified, cloned and sequenced. the nh2-terminus of plant ... | 1993 | 7763576 |
| the regulation of gene expression in transformed maize aleurone and endosperm protoplasts. analysis of promoter activity, intron enhancement, and mrna untranslated regions on expression. | gene expression in the aleurone and endosperm is highly regulated during both seed development and germination. studies of alpha-amylase expression in the aleurone of barley (hordeum vulgare) have generated the current paradigm for hormonal control of gene expression in germinating cereal grain. gene expression studies in both the aleurone and endosperm tissues of maize (zea mays) seed have been hampered because of a lack of an efficient transformation system. we report here the rapid isolation ... | 1994 | 7824660 |
| abundance, variability and chromosomal location of microsatellites in wheat. | the potential of microsatellite sequences as genetic markers in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) was investigated with respect to their abundance, variability, chromosomal location and usefulness in related species. by screening a lambda phage library, the total number of (ga)n blocks was estimated to be 3.6 x 10(4) and the number of (gt)n blocks to be 2.3 x 10(4) per haploid wheat genome. this results in an average distance of approximately 270 kb between these two microsatellite types combi ... | 1995 | 7854317 |
| comparative modelling of barley-grain aspartic proteinase: a structural rationale for observed hydrolytic specificity. | a model of the barley-grain aspartic proteinase (hvap; hordeum vulgare aspartic proteinase) has been constructed using the rule-based comparative modelling approach encoded in the composer suite of computer programs. the model was based on the high resolution crystal structures of six highly homologous aspartic proteinases. results suggest that the overall three-dimensional structure of hvap (excluding the plant-specific insert; 104 residues in hvap) is closer to human cathepsin d than other asp ... | 1994 | 7925961 |
| characterization and chromosomal localization of the human homologue of a rat amp-activated protein kinase-encoding gene: a major regulator of lipid metabolism in mammals. | amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-coa carboxylase and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase which are the major enzymes involved in fatty acid and lipid biosyntheses. the ampk gene from rat (rampk) has recently been cloned [carling et al., j. biol. chem. 269 (1994) 11442-11448]. in order to study the structure and function of the human ampk gene (hampk), we have cloned the gene, and report in this communication its nucleotide (nt) ... | 1994 | 7959015 |
| shelf life of weaning foods developed from locally available food stuffs. | four weaning foods were formulated using locally available cereals and pulses such as wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), green gram (vigna radiata) and jaggery. cereal, pulse and jaggery were used in the proportion of 70:30:25. roasting and malting were two processing techniques used. the developed weaning foods were evaluated for their nutritional characteristics and shelf life. all the formulations had a nutrient composition within the range prescribed by the indian standard ... | 1994 | 7971776 |
| [cloning and expression of the b1 hordein gene of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) in cells of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc6803 and escherichia coli]. | the hordein b1 gene of hordeum vulgare l. (variety donetskii 4) was cloned in cells of escherichia coli and cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc6803. for cloning in e. coli, a 2.3-kb hpa i/ecor i dna fragment carrying the hordein b1 gene was inserted into plasmid pbsm13(-), controlled by a lac promoter. the constructed recombinant plasmid pbsb1 provides hordein b1 gene expression in transformed e. coli cells. to introduce the hordein b1 gene into the genome of synechocystis sp. pcc6803, an integ ... | 1994 | 8001797 |
| accumulation of transcripts encoding a lipid transfer-like protein during deformation of nodulation-competent vigna unguiculata root hairs. | a cdna library was constructed from rna of vigna unguiculata root hairs harvested 1 day and 4 days after inoculation with rhizobium sp. ngr234. a heterologous probe was used to identify a cdna clone, the predicted 99-amino-acid sequence of which shares homology with a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (ltp) of hordeum vulgare. other characteristics, including an estimated molecular weight of 10.4 kd, an isoelectric point of 8.6, and a signal peptide with a hydrophobic region at the amino-termin ... | 1994 | 8012050 |
| heterologous expression of cdnas encoding barley (hordeum vulgare) (1-->3)-beta-glucanase isoenzyme gv. | two cdnas have been isolated from libraries generated from poly(a)+rna of young barley roots and leaves, using a cdna encoding barley (1-->3)-beta-glucanase isoenzyme gii as a probe. nucleotide sequence analyses and ribonuclease protection assays show that the two cdnas differ only in the length of their 3'-untranslated regions; the corresponding mrnas are likely to originate from a single gene by tissue-specific processing at separate polyadenylation sites. when the coding region of the cdna is ... | 1994 | 8034043 |
| a dioxygenase gene (ids2) expressed under iron deficiency conditions in the roots of hordeum vulgare. | a lambda zapii cdna library was constructed from mrna isolated from fe-deficient barley roots and screened with cdna probes made from mrna of fe-deficient and fe-sufficient (control) barley roots. seven clones were selected. among them a clone having the putative full-length mrna of dioxygenase as judged by northern hybridization was selected and named ids2 (iron deficiency-specific clone 2). using a cdna fragment as probe, two clones from the genomic library (lambda embl-iii) were isolated and ... | 1994 | 8061321 |
| myb genes from hordeum vulgare: tissue-specific expression of chimeric myb promoter/gus genes in transgenic tobacco. | the structures of the three myb-related genes hv1, hv5 and hv33 from barley were determined. they contain a single intron located in the second repeat unit of the myb-related domain. by analogy to the animal myb oncoproteins this conserved region of the gene product was shown by filter-binding experiments to exhibit nucleic acid-binding activity. tobacco plants transgenic for chimeric myb promoter/gus genes express the enzyme in a developmentally controlled and tissue-specific manner. during ger ... | 1993 | 8220488 |
| molecular characterization of flavanone 3 beta-hydroxylases. consensus sequence, comparison with related enzymes and the role of conserved histidine residues. | a heterologous cdna probe from petunia hybrida was used to isolate flavanone-3 beta-hydroxylase-encoding cdna clones from carnation (dianthus caryophyllus), china aster (callistephus chinensis) and stock (matthiola incana). the deduced protein sequences together with the known sequences of the enzyme from p. hybrida, barley (hordeum vulgare) and snapdragon (antirrhinum majus) enabled the determination of a consensus sequence which revealed an overall 84% similarity (53% identity) of flavanone 3 ... | 1993 | 8223617 |
| colocalization of barley lectin and sporamin in vacuoles of transgenic tobacco plants. | various targeting motifs have been identified for plant proteins delivered to the vacuole. for barley (hordeum vulgare) lectin, a typical gramineae lectin and defense-related protein, the vacuolar information is contained in a carboxyl-terminal propeptide. in contrast, the vacuolar targeting information of sporamin, a storage protein from the tuberous roots of the sweet potato (ipomoea batatas), is encoded in an amino-terminal propeptide. both proteins were expressed simultaneously in transgenic ... | 1993 | 8278507 |
| barley pathogenesis-related proteins with fungal cell wall lytic activity inhibit the growth of yeasts. | proteins from intercellular fluid extracts of chemically stressed barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves were separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at alkaline or acid ph. polyacrylamide gels contained saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers' yeast) or schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) crude cell walls for assaying yeast wall lysis. in parallel, gels were overlaid with a suspension of yeasts for assaying growth inhibition by pathogenesis-related proteins. the same assays were also ... | 1993 | 8290631 |
| coproporphyrinogen iii oxidase from barley and tobacco--sequence analysis and initial expression studies. | coproporphyrinogen iii oxidase (coprogen oxidase; ec 1.3.3.3) is part of the pathway from 5-amino-levulinate to protoporphyrin ix which is common in all organisms and catalyses oxidative decarboxylation at two tetrapyrrole side chains. we cloned and sequenced full-length cdnas encoding coprogen oxidase from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). they code for precursor peptides of 43.6 kda and 44.9 kda, respectively. import into pea plastids resulted in a processed tobac ... | 1995 | 7580857 |
| isolation, sequencing and expression of cdna sequences encoding uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase from tobacco and barley. | we have cloned and sequenced a full-length cdna for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (urod, ec 4.1.1.37) from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and a partial cdna clone from barley (hordeum vulgare l.). the cdna of tobacco encodes a protein of 43 kda, which has 33% overall similarity to urod sequences determined from other organisms. we propose that tobacco urod has an n-terminal extension of 39 amino acid residues. this extension is most likely a chloroplast transit sequence. the in vitro translatio ... | 1995 | 7599310 |
| purification and properties of three (1-->3)-beta-d-glucanase isoenzymes from young leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare). | three (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan glucanohydrolase (ec 3.2.1.39) isoenzymes gi, gii and giii were purified from young leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare) using (nh4)2so4 fractional precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing and gel-filtration chromatography. the three (1-->3)-beta-d-glucanases are monomeric proteins of apparent m(r)32,000 with pi values in the range 8.8-10.3. n-terminal amino-acid-sequence analyses confirmed that the three isoenzymes represent the products of separate ... | 1993 | 8424790 |
| a pathogen-induced gene of barley encodes a hsp90 homologue showing striking similarity to vertebrate forms resident in the endoplasmic reticulum. | the full-length nucleotide sequence of a barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaf mrna, found to increase rapidly in amount during infection attempts by the powdery mildew fungus (erysiphe graminis dc. ex mérat), is reported. the mrna encodes a polypeptide of 809 amino acid residues which, by sequence comparison, was identified as a member of the 90 kda heat shock protein (hsp90) family. the encoded protein most resembles the endoplasmic reticulum (er) resident hsp90 protein, the 94 kda glucose-regulate ... | 1993 | 8490130 |
| post-transcriptional regulation of bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor expression in barley embryos by abscisic acid. | changes in bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (basi) expression induced by abscisic acid (aba) were studied using in vitro cultured barley (hordeum vulgare cv. bonanza) embryos. the steady-state levels of basi mrna and basi protein were increased by exogenously applied aba. accumulation of basi protein was preceded by an increase in message level. the results suggest that aba does not affect basi mrna translation. nuclear run-on assays demonstrated that aba had no effect on transcri ... | 1995 | 8555451 |
| enhanced green fluorescence by the expression of an aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein mutant in mono- and dicotyledonous plant cells. | the expression of the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (gfp) in plants was analyzed by transient expression in protoplasts from nicotiana tabacum, arabidopsis thaliana, hordeum vulgare, and zea mays. expression of gfp was only observed with a mutated cdna, from which a recently described cryptic splice site had been removed. however, detectable levels of green fluorescence were only emitted from a small number of protoplasts. therefore, other mutations in the gfp cdna leading to single-amino ... | 1996 | 8650188 |
| identification of the product of ndha gene as a thylakoid protein synthesized in response to photooxidative treatment. | a 76 amino acid sequence of ndh-a (the protein encoded by plastid ndha gene) from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) was expressed as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase in e. coli. the corresponding antibody generated in rabbits was used to investigate localization, expression and synthesis in vitro of ndh-a. ndh-a was identified as a 35 kda polypeptide localized in thylakoid membrane. western blots shows a large increase in ndh-a levels when barley leaves were incubated under photooxidative cond ... | 1996 | 8673340 |
| primary structure of omega-hordothionin, a member of a novel family of thionins from barley endosperm, and its inhibition of protein synthesis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell-free systems. | a new sulfur-rich basic polypeptide, so called omega-hordothionin, has been isolated from barley endosperm by extractions with nacl and ammonium bicarbonate followed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. purified omega-hordothionin was found to be homogeneous by sds/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, n-terminal amino-acid sequencing and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometric analysis. the complete primary structure of omega-hordothionin was determined by automatic degrada ... | 1996 | 8706720 |
| defence-related gene activation during an incompatible interaction between stagonospora (septoria) nodorum and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) coleoptile cells. | two previously unidentified cdna clones (bsi1 and bpr1-1) were isolated by differential hybridization from a cdna library of stagonospora (septoria) nodorum (berk) castellani & e.g. germano (teleomorph phaeosphaeria (leptosphaeria) nodorum (e. muller) hedjaroude-challenged barley (hordeum vulgare l.) coleoptiles. bsi1 encoded a cysteine-rich protein containing 89 amino acids (aa) with a relative molecular mass (m(r)) of 9405. protein sequence homologies showed that bsi1 was very similar to an al ... | 1996 | 8806405 |
| the comparative genotoxicological study of new local anesthetics, 3-(2-alkoxyphenylcarbamoyloxy)quinuclidium chlorides, on salmonella typhimurium, saccharromyces cerevisiae, vicia faba, hordeum vulgare and drosophila melanogaster. | potential gentoxicity of five new local anesthetics, derivatives of phenylcarbamic acid differing in the length of the alkyl chain of the alkoxy substituent, was studied on five test systems. there was a direct relationship with increased toxic effect in bacteria and yeast as a function of the elongation of the alkyl chain of the alkoxy substituents of the phenylcarbamic acid esters. on the other hand, no structure-toxicity relationship was found after application of 3-(2-alkoxyphenylcarbamoylox ... | 1996 | 8817059 |
| dimerization characteristics of the 94-kda glucose-regulated protein. | the 94-kda glucose-regulated protein (grp94) is a member of the 90-kda heat-shock protein (hsp90) family. in this study, we expressed the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) grp94 and the alpha isoform of human hsp90 (hsp90 alpha) in escherichia coli and compared their dimer-forming abilities. native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that grp94 (amino acids 69-809) and the full-length form of hsp90 alpha existed in the dimeric state. the c-terminal 326 amino acids of grp94 or the c-terminal 20 ... | 1996 | 8889807 |
| evidence that barley 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase kinase is a member of the sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase family. | a protein kinase was partially purified from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv sundance) endosperm by ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by ion-exchange, reactive blue, mono-q, and phosphocellulose chromatography. it was shown to phosphorylate arabidopsis 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase and a synthetic peptide that was shown previously to act as a substrate for hmg-coa reductase kinase purified from cauliflower, confirming it to be barley hmg-coa reductase kinase. sod ... | 1996 | 8938414 |
| tomographic distribution of acetylated histone h4 in plant chromosomes, nuclei and nucleoli. | root tip cells of broad bean (vicia faba l. cv. 'wase soramame') and barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. 'minorimugi') were immunostained with antibodies specific for acetylated histone h4. with an antiserum that recognizes histone h4 acetylated at lysine-5, the nucleolar organizing region (nor) in mitotic chromosomes was strongly labeled in both species. the broad bean had two signals in the metaphase and telophase chromosome complements and four signals in the prophase and anaphase chromosome compl ... | 1996 | 8939822 |
| engineering of the aspartate family biosynthetic pathway in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) by transformation with heterologous genes encoding feed-back-insensitive aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase. | in prokaryotes and plants the synthesis of the essential amino acids lysine and threonine is predominantly regulated by feed-back inhibition of aspartate kinase (ak) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dhps). in order to modify the flux through the aspartate family pathway in barley and enhance the accumulation of the corresponding amino acids, we have generated transgenic barley plants that constitutively express mutant escherichia coli genes encoding lysine feed-back insensitive forms of ak and ... | 1996 | 8980513 |
| cloning and expression pattern of hor v 9, the group 9 pollen isoallergen from barley. | in this study we report the cloning, sequence, and characterization of hor v 9 allergen cdnas from barley (hordeum vulgare) pollen. structural homologues of kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis) group 9 pollen allergens were identified in a cdna library of barley pollen expressed mrnas. the hor v 9 cdna clone (hvp9742) contained an open reading frame encoding 313 amino acids which included a putative 27-residue signal peptide and one asparagine sequon for glycosylation. the mrna corresponding to cl ... | 1996 | 8982067 |
| analysis of plastid dna-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants. | a wide-ranging examination of plastid (pt)dna sequence homologies within higher plant nuclear genomes (promiscuous dna) was undertaken. digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and southern analysis was used to distinguish plastid and nuclear dna in order to assess the extent of variability of promiscuous sequences within and between plant species. some species, such as gossypium hirsutum (cotton), nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), and chenopodium quinoa, showed homogenity of these se ... | 1998 | 9615455 |
| chemical basis of the resistance of barley seeds to pathogenic fungi. | the 5-(n)-alkylresorcinol fraction of the epicuticular waxes of hordeum vulgare seeds appeared to be responsible for their in-born resistance to pathogenic fungi such as aspergillus niger and penicillium crysogenum. the antifungal properties of this fraction were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively with a novel bioassay where the extreme lipophilicity of these compounds was taken into account. the minimum inhibitory concentration in the fungi tested ranged from 5.6 to 10 micrograms cm-2 f ... | 1997 | 9014369 |
| development of a simple transient assay for ac/ds activity in cells of intact barley tissue. | the development of a barley (hordeum vulgare l.) transformation system made it possible to consider the use of maize activator/dissociation (ac/ds) transposable elements for gene tagging in transgenic barley plants. however, barley transformation is time-consuming, and therefore a simple transient assay for ac/ds activity in intact barley tissues was developed to test the components of a proposed gene tagging system, prior to their stable introduction into plants. in this assay, barley scutellar ... | 1997 | 9025309 |
| cloning and mapping of a putative barley nadph-dependent hc-toxin reductase. | the nadph-dependent hc-toxin reductase (hctr), encoded by hm1 in maize, inactivates hc-toxin produced by the fungus cochliobolus carbonum, and thus confers resistance to the pathogen. the fact that c. carbonum only infects maize (zea mays) and is the only species known to produce hc-toxin raises the question: what are the biological functions of hctr in other plant species? an hctr-like enzyme may function to detoxify toxins produced by pathogens which infect other plant species (r. b. meeley, g ... | 1997 | 9057330 |
| molecular characterization of hor v 9. conservation of a t-cell epitope among group ix pollen allergens and human vcam and cd2. | we have cloned, sequenced and expressed a recombinant group ix pollen allergen from barley (hordeum vulgare). hor v 9 is a polypeptide of 313 amino acids. the hor v 9 cdna clone was engineered into the e. coli protein expression vector pmal and expressed as a fusion of maltose binding protein and truncated hor v 9. polyclonal antibodies to the fusion protein were raised in mice. cross-reactive proteins, rna and dna homologues were found in many agricultural species including wheat, rye, tritical ... | 1996 | 9095254 |
| construction of a barley (hordeum vulgare l.) yac library and isolation of a hor1-specific clone. | we have constructed an ecori-based yac (yeast artificial chromosome) library from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. franka) using the vector pyac4. the library consists of approximately 18,000 recombinant yacs with insert sizes ranging between 100 and 1000 kb (average of 160 kb) corresponding to 50% of the barley genome. size fractionation after ligation resulted in an increased average insert size (av. 370 kb) but also in a substantial decrease in cloning efficiency. less than 1% of the colonies s ... | 1993 | 8355658 |
| the core domain of retrotransposon integrase in hordeum: predicted structure and evolution. | propagation of long terminal repeat (ltr)-bearing retrotransposons and retroviruses requires integrase (in, ec 2.7.7.-), encoded by the retroelements themselves, which mediates the insertion of cdna copies back into the genome. an active retrotransposon family, bare-1, comprises approximately 7% of the barley (hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) genome. we have generated models for the secondary and tertiary structure of bare-1 in and demonstrate their similarity to structures for human immunodefici ... | 1998 | 9729878 |
| the psi-k subunit of photosystem i from barley (hordeum vulgare l.). evidence for a gene duplication of an ancestral psi-g/k gene. | photosystem i of barley contains a polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 7 kda when isolated using the detergent n-decyl-beta-d-maltopyranoside. the 7-kda polypeptide is lost from the ps i complex isolated using triton x-100. the 7-kda polypeptide and a corresponding full-length cdna clone have been isolated. based on high sequence similarity to an n-terminal sequence of psi-k from spinach and to the deduced amino acid sequence of psak from chlamydomonas reinhardtii the 7-kda barley pol ... | 1993 | 8360180 |
| kinetic mechanism and regulation of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves. | barley (hordeum vulgare, cv. bomi) leaf adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agp) was purified to near-homogeneity, using ammonium sulfate fractionation and heat treatment as well as ion exchange, hydrophobic, and dye-ligand chromatography. the enzyme was found to be composed of two subunit types of 51 and 54 kda, which were recognized by the respective rabbit antibodies against the small and/or large subunit of spinach leaf agp. substrate kinetics and product inhibition studies, carried out in the di ... | 1993 | 8384204 |
| recombination and polymerase error facilitate restoration of infectivity in brome mosaic virus. | the trna-like structure present in the 3' noncoding region of each of the four virion rnas of brome mosaic virus possesses a conserved a-67-u-a-65 (67aua65) sequence. four mutations in this region (67uaa65, 67gaa65, and 67caa65, each with a double base change, and 67gua65, containing a single point mutation), previously shown in vitro to be defective in minus-strand promoter function, were introduced into full-length genomic rnas 2 and 3, and their replicative competence was analyzed in barley p ... | 1993 | 8419651 |
| purification and characterization of wall-bound exo-1,3-beta-d-glucanase from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) seedlings. | a beta-d-glucanase activity hydrolyzing 1,3:1,4-beta-d-glucan was released from the cell walls of barley by 3 m licl treatment. it was purified by sequential cation-exchange, gel-filtration and hydrophobic chromatography. the molecular mass of the glucanase was 66 kda as determined by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. sequence determination of the first thirty amino acids of the n-terminus revealed a high homology of this enzyme to the pseudomonas 1,4-beta-d-glucosidase (56.5%). the purifi ... | 1997 | 9097482 |
| expression of the ribosome-inactivating protein jip60 from barely in transgenic tobacco leads to an abnormal phenotype and alterations on the level of translation. | in this paper we report the in-planta activity of the ribosome-inactivating protein jip60, a 60-kda jasmonate-induced protein from barley (hordeum vulgare l.), in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants. all plants expressing the complete jip60 cdna under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter exhibited conspicuous and similar phenotypic alterations, such as slower growth, shorter internodes, lanceolate leaves, reduced root development, and premature senescence ... | 1997 | 9265788 |
| reference standards for determination of dna content of plant nuclei. | flow cytometry was used to compare 14 potential reference standards for plant dna content determination. both chicken and plant internal standards were used, as were propidium iodide (pi) and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) as fluorochromes. means and standard errors of the means are presented for the 14 potential reference standards, and the means are compared to those obtained by feulgen densitometry. five species are recommended as an initial set of international standards for future pla ... | 1999 | 10330063 |
| methyl jasmonate induces an o-methyltransferase in barley. | we have previously described a truncated cdna clone for a barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. salome) jasmonate regulated gene, jrg5, which shows homology to caffeic acid o-methyltransferase (comt). a cdna encompassing the coding region was amplified by pcr and cloned for overexpression in e. coli. western blot analyses indicate that the recombinant protein crossreacts with the antibodies directed against the tobacco class ii omt and only weakly with the antibodies for the tobacco class i omt. an imm ... | 1997 | 9297848 |
| cloning and characterisation of a novel p-glycoprotein homologue from barley. | p-glycoproteins are members of a large superfamily of transport proteins (the 'traffic atpases') that utilize atp to translocate a wide range of substrates across biological membranes. using a pcr-based approach, and degenerate oligonucleotides corresponding to conserved motifs, two 300-bp cdna fragments (pbmdr1 and pbmdr2) with a significant sequence similarity to mammalian p-glycoproteins were amplified from barley (hordeum vulgare) root poly a+ rna and used as probes to screen a barley root c ... | 1997 | 9358056 |
| subunit c of the vacuolar h+-atpase of hordeum vulgare. | the molecular cloning of the first subunit c of the plant vacuolar h+-atpase is reported. tonoplast vesicles were purified from barley leaves by sucrose gradient centrifugation, and the tonoplast polypeptides were separated by two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis. using an anti-atpase holoenzyme antibody, a polypeptide was recognized in the molecular mass range of 40 kda with an isoelectric point of about 6.0, and tentatively identified as subunit c. the polypeptide spot was excised from ab ... | 1999 | 10452532 |
| subcellular and tissue distribution, partial purification, and sequencing of calmodulin-stimulated ca2+-transporting atpases from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). | the subcellular distribution of plasma-membrane-type ca2+-transporting atpases was studied in barley leaves (hordeum vulgare l.). a highly enriched plasma membrane (pm) fraction was analysed for ca2+ pumps and compared with several inner-membrane preparations, including the tonoplast, the envelope of the chloroplast, and an endoplasmic reticulum (er)-enriched fraction. the enzymes were identified and characterised with regard to the phosphointermediate formation, their nucleotide specificity and ... | 1997 | 9063442 |
| processing in vitro of pronapin, the 2s storage-protein precursor of brassica napus produced in a baculovirus expression system. | the maturation of the 2s albumin, napin, in brassica napus l. involves removal of an amino-terminal and an internal propeptide. pulse-chase experiments with b. napus embryos showed that intermediates are detectable during the pronapin processing. intact pronapin was expressed by baculovirus in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells in order to obtain substrate for studying the processing event. processing of pronapin with a crude b. napus embryo protein extract resulted in several fragments of simil ... | 1996 | 9004547 |
| the ty1-copia group of retrotransposons in plants: genomic organisation, evolution, and use as molecular markers. | the genomic organisation and diversity of the ty1-copia group retrotransposons has been investigated in several crop plants and their relatives from both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous families, including potato (solanum tuberosum), faba beans (vicia faba), vicia melanops, vicia sativa, barley (hordeum vulgare), rye (secale cereale), and onion (allium cepa). extreme heterogeneity in the sequence of the ty1-copia retrotransposons from all these plants was revealed following sequence analysis ... | 1997 | 9440274 |
| differential processing of homologues of the small subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from barley (hordeum vulgare) tissues. | adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase), a two-gene-encoded enzyme, is the key component of starch synthesis in all plants. in the present study, we have used an e. coli expression system for the (over)production of proteins derived from both full length and specifically truncated cdnas encoding small subunits of agpase from seed endosperm (agpase-b1) and leaves (agpase-b2) of barley (hordeum vulgare). based on immunoblot analyses, the molecular mass of the expressed agpase-b1 (52 kd) was similar ... | 1997 | 9463938 |
| differential immunological cross-reactions with antisera against the v-atpase of kalanchoë daigremontiana reveal structural differences of v-atpase subunits of different plant species. | two antisera (atp88 and atp95) raised against the v-atpase holoenzyme of kalanchoë daigremontiana were tested for their cross-reactivity with subunits of v-atpases from other plant species. v-atpases from kalanchoë blossfeldiana, mesembryanthemum crystallinum, nicotiana tabacum, lycopersicon esculentum, citrus limon, lemna gibba, hordeum vulgare and zea mays were immunoprecipitated with an antiserum against the catalytic v-atpase subunit a of m. crystallinum. as shown by silver staining and west ... | 1997 | 9372182 |
| aflp-based fine mapping of the mlo gene to a 30-kb dna segment of the barley genome. | resistance of barley (hordeum vulgare) to the powdery mildew fungus erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei is conferred by several dominant genes, but also by recessive alleles of the mlo locus mapping on the long arm of chromosome 4. in addition, this single-factor-mediated resistance is active against all known physiological races of the parasite. thus the mechanism underlying mlo-mediated resistance should differ substantially from that mediated by the dominant genes. a positional cloning strategy to ... | 1997 | 9286701 |