| interactions of fosfomycin with other antibiotics. | we selected 100 strains of organisms that were isolated in our hospital, which came from pathological products and which had an mic of fosfomycin of 256 mug/ml or more and belonged to the genera klebsiella, pseudomonas, escherichia coli, serratia, enterobacter, proteus, acinetobacter, levinea and staphylococcus. we have studied the effect of the association of fosfomycin with 15 antibiotics (beta-lactamins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, etc.) and 5 chemotherapeutics. the 11 selected strains w ... | 1977 | 832546 |
| [effect of defocusing a visual stimulus on a human evoked potential]. | a study was made of ep recorded in the visual projection area of the cerebral cortex in children with normal sight and in those with disturbed refraction when presented with blank and checkered patterns, the dimensions of the chess squares equalling 10, 20, 40, 60 and 120 angular minutes. in children with normal sight the patterns were defocussed by eyeglass lenses of --1 to +/- 6 dioptries. the investigation revealed a different ep configuration on the presentation of blank and checkered patter ... | 1977 | 857479 |
| structure of the oxidized long-chain flavodoxin from anabaena 7120 at 2 a resolution. | the structure of the long-chain flavodoxin from the photosynthetic cyanobacterium anabaena 7120 has been determined at 2 a resolution by the molecular replacement method using the atomic coordinates of the long-chain flavodoxin from anacystis nidulans. the structure of a third long-chain flavodoxin from chondrus crispus has recently been reported. crystals of oxidized a. 7120 flavodoxin belong to the monoclinic space group p2(1) with a = 48.0, b = 32.0, c = 51.6 a, and beta = 92 degrees, and one ... | 1992 | 1303762 |
| chess: a computer-based system for providing information, referrals, decision support and social support to people facing medical and other health-related crises. | chess (the comprehensive health enhancement support system) is an interactive, computer-based system to support people facing health-related crises or concerns. chess provides information, referral to service providers, support in making tough decisions and networking to experts and others facing the same concerns. chess will improve access to health and human services for people who would otherwise face psychological, social, economic or geographic barriers to receiving services. chess has deve ... | 1992 | 1482860 |
| carbon-13 chemical shift imaging of [1-13c] glucose under metabolism in the rat head in vivo. | carbon-13 chemical shift images (metabolic maps) of [1-13c] glucose in the heads of rats were obtained and compared with proton images of the same rats in terms of signal allocation. wistar rats were kept awake or anesthetized. [1-13c] glucose was injected intravenously in a dose of 1 g per kg of body weight. the head of the wistar rat was placed on or into circular coils. carbon-13 images were obtained using a 7.05 tesla system. a simple spin echo sequence was used with a chemical shift selecti ... | 1992 | 1509107 |
| structure of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 refined at 2.25 a resolution. | the structure of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 has been refined at 2.25 a resolution using high resolution measurements made with the synchrotron beam at chess. the synchrotron data were collected photographically by oscillation methods (r-merge = 0.08). these were combined with lower order diffractometer data for refinement purposes. the structure was refined using restrained least-squares methods with the program prolsq to a crystallographic r-value of 0.175. the structure includes 105 water m ... | 1991 | 1856869 |
| localized high-resolution proton nmr spectroscopy using stimulated echoes: initial applications to human brain in vivo. | water-suppressed localized proton nmr spectroscopy using stimulated echoes has been successfully applied to detect metabolites in the human brain in vivo. the steam spectroscopy sequence allows single-step localization by exciting three intersecting slices. water suppression is achieved by preceding chemical-shift-selective (chess) rf pulses. high-resolution (0.05 ppm) proton nmr spectra of healthy volunteers have been high-resolution (0.05 ppm) proton nmr spectra of healthy volunteers have been ... | 1989 | 2540396 |
| model of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in man. | the first section of the model delineates the parasympathetic signal as a function of the interaction between the respiratory and the vagal neurones of the common brainstem network. the second section is a version of chess and calaresu's description of the vagus/heart period system in the sympathetically blocked cat. the sympathetic influence is introduced in the third section, taking into account the autonomic effects on the transmembrane potential of the sinoatrial pacemaker as found in the ra ... | 1989 | 2601447 |
| a comparison of selective saturation and selective echo chemical shift imaging techniques. | we report on a comparative study of two methods of chemical shift imaging which can be used to selectively image fat and water in vivo. both methods require a b0 field sufficiently homogenous to resolve the methylene and water spectral lines. one method, called chess, uses a chemically selective pulse to saturate the unwanted spectral line. the other method, called secsi, achieves chemical selectivity by using a soft 180 degree rf pulse in forming a spin echo image. both methods require that the ... | 1988 | 3185136 |
| gradient reversal technique and its applications to chemical-shift-related nmr imaging. | the chemical-shift effect often degrades slice selectivity thereby degrading the contrast and spatial resolutions in a high-field nmr imaging. we propose a new pulse sequence which can compensate for this chemical-shift effect during slice selection. this technique provides correct slice definition as well as clear separation between water and lipid protons in high-field proton nmr imaging. particular applications of this technique are 2d imaging with a thin-slice selection and chunk 3d imaging, ... | 1987 | 3613953 |
| a model for emmetropization: predicting the progression of ametropia. | the response of a second-order feedback system is used to describe the controlling process that regulates the refraction of the human eye to achieve optimal visual acuity over the years (emmetropization). from data collected in past refractions, the equation of the feedback system has been derived for individual eyes and used to predict changes in their refraction with age with an accuracy of 0.50 diopters for 89.1% of the eyes tested. if the model is applied to other populations, the root mean ... | 1987 | 3614846 |
| multipurpose nmr imaging using stimulated echoes. | steam (stimulated-echo acquisition mode) imaging techniques recently introduced by the authors are demonstrated to provide a versatile tool for improving the parametric specificity in nmr imaging. stimulated echoes can be excited by a sequence of at least three rf pulses with flip angles of 90 degrees or less. the main characteristics of the steam method are based on the great functional flexibility of an imaging sequence comprising three rf pulses unequal to 180 degrees and three intervals prio ... | 1986 | 3747817 |
| [an immunoenzyme method of determining benzylpenicillin in biological substrates and its antibodies in immunized animals]. | lately it appeared to be necessary to develop-alternative methods for control of antibiotic therapy. detection of low molecular substances based on the immunoenzymatic assay (iea) is one of the most promising approaches to the development of such methods. the authors developed a quantitative method for determination of benzylpenicillin (bp) according to the procedure described earlier by van weemen. the bp antisera were prepared by immunization of rabbits with a conjugate of bovine serum albumin ... | 1985 | 3888100 |
| [methods of evaluating the efficacy of combinations of aminoglycosides with penicillins and their value for the possibility of predicting the therapeutic effect in patients]. | the efficacy of the combinations of aminoglycosides and penicillin with respect to pseudomonas, klebsiella and escherichia strains was estimated with the methods of two-fold serial dilutions of aminoglycosides and constant concentrations of penicillin and the "chess board" method. correlation between the synergistic effect and sensitivity of the strains to separate components of the combinations was observed. for prediction of the combination efficacy these methods are not useful, since they are ... | 1985 | 3927835 |
| convergence among assessments of temperament in the first month. | this study was designed to assess the potential convergence of 3 approaches to the description of temperament in the first month of life and to identify which aspects of early temperament are most meaningful to mothers. 48 newborns were tested with the brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale (nbas). 2 weeks later, mothers responded to the rothbart infant behavior questionnaire (ibq). 2 weeks thereafter, mothers were interviewed in accordance with the thomas, chess, and birch new york long ... | 1986 | 3948594 |
| chemical shift selective mr imaging using a whole-body magnet. | we have applied a new method for separating water and fat resonances in proton magnetic resonance (mr) imaging to human studies using a whole-body mr imaging system at 2.0 t. chemical shift selective (chess) mr imaging provides either a water or fat image in a single experimental run within the same time needed for a conventional composite image. although the technique requires a spectral resolution of about 1 ppm over the entire imaging region, first images of the human head and hip indicated t ... | 1985 | 4011907 |
| the 'chess board' distribution of glycogen in liver. artifact of fixation or the effect of an enzyme? | | 1974 | 4139142 |
| an example of human chess play in the light of chess playing programs. | | 1965 | 5900003 |
| perceptual skill in the game of othello. | three experiments were conducted extending research on chess and go to the game of othello. experiment 1 demonstrated that expert othello players, in comparison to nonplayers of the game, are superior at recalling meaningful game configurations but are not better at recalling random positions. experiment 2 demonstrated that expert players can learn a sequence of moves from an othello game much more rapidly than nonplayers can. experiment 3 examined chunking behavior and found that experts and no ... | 1984 | 6512719 |
| [manifestations of the genotypic causality of human evoked potentials during perception of various visual stimuli]. | intrapair resemblance of the wave form and amplitude-temporal parameters of evoked potentials (eps) to flashes, chess field, house image, the word "house" and a series of other stimuli was evaluated in 20 pairs of monozygotic and 20 pairs of homosexual dizygotic adult twins. in the occipital area the maximum of genetic dependence was characteristic of eps to flashes, the minimum--of eps--to the word "house". in vertex eps parameters genotypic effects were manifest irrespectively of the stimulus ... | 1984 | 6541847 |
| [effect of parameters of spatio-structural stimuli on evoked potentials of the visual and posterior associative regions of the cortex in man]. | in subjects with normal vision, differences have been detected in the reactions of the main components (p100, n150, p200) of evoked potentials recorded in the oz and tpo leads, to homogeneous stimuli, chess fields with different sizes of cells and grids differing in area and the number of orientation stripes. the data obtained are discussed in the light of v.d. glezer's hypothesis on specialized information processing in the visual and posterior associative cortical areas and concepts on the exi ... | 1982 | 7164577 |
| mapping the biodistribution and catabolism of 5-fluorouracil in tumor-bearing rats by chemical-shift selective 19f mr imaging. | a chemical-shift selective (chess) 19f mr imaging technique was used to map selectively the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) and its major catabolite alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (fbal) in tumor-bearing rats. the pulse sequence employed a chess rf saturation pulse to suppress either the 5-fu or the fbal resonance before the other component in the two-line 19f mr spectra was measured. selective 5-fu and fbal images with a spatial resolution of 10 x 10 x 15 mm3 (1.5 ml) were obtained in 40 m ... | 1995 | 7500866 |
| human immunodeficiency virus. playing chess with reverse transcriptase. | | 1993 | 7679776 |
| conversion of galnac beta(1-4)glcnac beta-ome into galnac beta (1-4)-[fuc alpha(1-3)]glcnac beta-ome using human milk alpha 3/4-fucosyltransferase. synthesis of a novel terminal element in glycoprotein glycans. | incubation of galnac beta(1-4)glcnac beta-ome with gdp-fuc in the presence of human milk alpha 3/4-fucosyltransferase resulted in the formation of galnac beta(1-4)[fuc alpha(1-3)]glcnac beta-ome. under conditions that led to complete alpha 3-fucosylation of gal beta(1-4)glcnac beta-oet, galnac beta(1-4)glcnac beta-ome was fucosylated for more than 85%. for the identification of the isolated fucosylated products one- and two-dimensional 1h-nmr spectroscopy was applied. in vacuo molecular dynamics ... | 1993 | 7901053 |
| the use and impact of a computer-based support system for people living with aids and hiv infection. | chess (the comprehensive health enhancement support system) is an interactive, computer-based system to support people facing aids/hiv infection and other health-related crises or concerns. chess provides information, referral to service providers, support in making tough decisions and networking to experts and others facing the same concerns. chess is designed to improve access to health and human services for people who would otherwise face psychological, social, economic or geographic barrier ... | 1994 | 7949999 |
| [the effect of the in-vitro interaction of antibacterial preparations on brucella melitensis]. | the character of drug interaction in 18 various combinations of sisomicin, amikacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, doxycycline, trimethoprim and nitroxaline was studied by the chess board method with respect to 25 strains of brucella melitensis. the synergistic effect with respect to the majority of the cultures was observed with the use of the combinations of gentamicin, amikacin or sisomicin with doxycycline. the combinations of the aminoglycosides with cefotaxime and sisomicin or gentamicin with ri ... | 1993 | 8085903 |
| will hiv-positive people use an interactive computer system for information and support? a study of chess in two communities. | a study of use of an interactive computer system (chess--comprehensive health enhancement support system) by hiv-positive people was conducted in madison and milwaukee during fall 1992 and winter 1993. computers were placed in homes, and use monitored by the computer. results showed that the system was used heavily by both samples, and that gender (women used it more) age, (younger used it more), living arrangements (those living alone used it more), and need for health care information (those w ... | 1993 | 8130465 |
| treatment of septic shock with human monoclonal antibody ha-1a. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. chess trial study group. | to compare the effectiveness of 100 mg of ha-1a and placebo in reducing the 14-day all-cause mortality rate in patients with septic shock and gram-negative bacteremia in the centocor: ha-1a efficacy in septic shock (chess) trial, and to assess the safety of 100 mg of ha-1a given to patients with septic shock who did not have gram-negative bacteremia. | 1994 | 8198341 |
| [chlorhexidine digluconate/chlorocresol combination. in vitro study of interactions observed against potential cutaneous strains]. | the interaction type of chlorhexidine digluconate/chlorocresol association (foaming solution dc 102/1, laboratoires pierre fabre médicament) have been studied according to the chess-board method, on microplate, by determining mbc (minimal bactericidal concentrations) (or mfc (minimal fungicidal concentrations)) adjusted to t 72-150 afnor norm (dilution-neutralization, contact 5 mn) and computation of fbc (or ffc) index. trials were carried out against 18 hospital strains (staphylococcus epidermi ... | 1993 | 8233635 |
| in vivo 1h chemical shift imaging of silicone implants. | in order to study the aging process (i.e., silicone migration, fat infiltration) of silicone (polydimethylsiloxane, pdms) based biomaterials in living subjects by nmr imaging, a hybrid 1h selective excitation and saturation chemical shift imaging technique (ir/chess-csse) has been developed. this sequence allows selective mapping of the distribution of silicone protons in vivo, while suppressing the contributions of fat and water. our results indicate that a combined inversion recovery and chess ... | 1993 | 8505902 |
| localized 2d j-resolved 1h mr spectroscopy of human brain tumors in vivo. | application of two-dimensional (2d) j-resolved mr spectroscopy, fully localized in three dimensions to monitor the metabolites in human brain tumors in vivo on a whole body mr scanner is presented. a modified press sequence with [90 degrees - 180 degrees - t1/2 - 180 degrees - t1/ 2-acquisition] was used for voxel localization (2d j point-resolved spectroscopy [press]); chemical shift selective (chess) sequence was used for suppression of water. the incremental delay (t1/2) added to the interval ... | 1996 | 8724410 |
| fat suppression at 7t using a surface coil: application of an adiabatic half-passage chemical shift selective radiofrequency pulse. | the selective suppression of fat using chemical shift selective (chess) sinc, gaussian presaturation, or binomial radiofrequency pulses are widely implemented techniques in magnetic resonance imaging. for applications wherein transmitter coils that generate inhomogeneous magnetic (b1), fields are used (e.g., surface coils), adiabatic radiofrequency pulses that are less susceptible to spatial variations in b1 amplitude will improve the spatial homogeneity of spin excitation angle. herein, we desc ... | 1995 | 8748500 |
| recall of random and distorted chess positions: implications for the theory of expertise. | this paper explores the question, important to the theory of expert performance, of the nature and number of chunks that chess experts hold in memory. it examines how memory contents determine players' abilities to reconstruct (1) positions from games, (2) positions distorted in various ways, and (3) random positions. comparison of a computer simulation with a human experiment supports the usual estimate that chess masters store some 50,000 chunks in memory. the observed impairment of recall whe ... | 1996 | 8757497 |
| [reflex epilepsy with seizures induced by mental calculation, playing chess and scrabble]. | reflex seizures induced by higher mental activity is rare. we report the case of a young man with myoclonic jerks and generalized tonico-clonic convulsion precipitated by calculation, playing chess and scrabble. routine eeg, including hyperventilation and photic stimulation, showed no abnormality. tests stimulation procedures, including spatial tasks, induced focal and generalized eeg spike-wave complex and myoclonic jerks. valproate was effective in reducing epileptic seizures during a follow-u ... | 1996 | 8761618 |
| characterization of crystals of penicillium purpurogenum acetyl xylan esterase from high-resolution x-ray diffraction. | acetyl xylan esterase from penicillium purpurogenum, a single-chain 23 kda member of a newly characterized family of esterases that cleaves side chain ester linkages in xylan, has been crystallized. the crystals diffract to better than 1 a resolution at the cornell high energy synchrotron source (chess) and are highly stable in the synchrotron radiation. the space group is p2(1)2(1)2(1) and cell dimensions are a = 34.9 a, b = 61.0 a, c = 72.5 a. | 1996 | 8860002 |
| assessment of the biodistribution and metabolism of 5-fluorouracil as monitored by 18f pet and 19f mri: a comparative animal study. | the effective clinical use of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) requires the non-invasive assessment of its transport and metabolism, particularly in the tumor and the liver, where the drug is catabolized to alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (fbal). in this study, the potentials and limitations of dynamic 18f pet and metabolic 19f mri examinations for noninvasive 5-fu monitoring were investigated in aci and buffalo rats with transplanted mh3924a and tc5123 morris hepatomas, respectively. selecti ... | 1996 | 8971857 |
| [visual evoked potentials in infants in health and hypoplasia of the optic nerve]. | visual evoked potentials (vep) in response to chess field reversion were studied in 29 infants aged from 6 weeks to 1.5 years with optic nerve hypoplasia and in healthy age-matched controls. analysis of vep in healthy children showed that the interval between weeks 6-9 and 16-20 of life was the period of their most rapid maturation, this making this period in the development of the optic system of man particularly significant. three types of vep disorders were detected in patients with optic ner ... | 1996 | 9148558 |
| melatonin for the masses. antiaging entrepreneurs peddle therapies that promise to cheat the clock. | the come-ons for a new wave of antiaging clinics may be over the top, but they speak to boomer anxieties about flagging energy levels and flabby midsections. and they just may be the next hot trend in health care. | 1998 | 9849506 |
| impact of a patient-centered, computer-based health information/support system. | consumer health information systems potentially improve a patient's quality of life and activate patient self-care. | 1999 | 9894548 |
| naa-weighted imaging of the human brain using a conventional readout gradient. | an imaging sequence incorporating two complementary forms of water suppression was used in conjunction with conventional readout and phase-encoding gradients to acquire images of n-acetylaspartate (naa) in human brain. the sequence consisted of chess water suppression pulses followed by dual echo sequence to select the imaging volume and frequency-selective refocusing pulses with asymmetric crushers to further reduce the water signal. spectra and conventional spectroscopic images acquired with t ... | 1999 | 10025628 |
| crystallographic analysis of the dsdna bacteriophage hk97 mature empty capsid. | hk97 is a member of the siphovirus family of dsdna bacteriophages. it is similar in architecture to bacteriophage lambda, the type member of this family, with an icosahedral capsid of triangulation number t = 7. no high-resolution structural information is available for the dsdna phages, and hk97 is the only dsdna bacteriophage capsid to produce crystals which diffract x-rays. at 650 a in diameter, the large size of the particle and resultant large unit cell create crystallographic challenges. t ... | 1999 | 10089306 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of the pseudomonas aeruginosa cyclohexadienyl dehydratase. | the title protein has been crystallized in a new crystal form. the crystals belong to the cubic space group p4132 (or p4332) with unit-cell dimensions a = b = c = 126.1 a at 100 k and typically diffract beyond 1.6 a at the cornell high energy synchotron source (chess) a1 beamline. | 1999 | 10089371 |
| classifications in psychiatry: a conceptual history. | historical accounts of psychiatric classifications have hitherto been written in terms of a 'received view'. this contains two assumptions, that: (i) the activity of classifying is inherent to the human mind; and (ii) psychiatric 'phenomena' are stable natural objects. | 1999 | 10336212 |
| off-resonance metabolite magnetization transfer measurements on rat brain in situ. | off-resonance metabolite magnetization transfer (mt) experiments were performed on rat brain in vivo and post mortem, with short (18 msec) and long (144 msec) echo-time 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. in vivo and post mortem, the methyl protons of total creatine and all protons from glutamate/glutamine showed a strong mt effect on off-resonance saturation, as well as the methyl protons from lactate post mortem. other resonances, like that of a-acetyl aspartate, showed a much sm ... | 1999 | 10371445 |
| reduced (1)h-nmr visibility of creatine in isolated rat hearts. | the aim of this study was to measure the concentration of creatine in langendorff perfused rat hearts, both by quantitative (1)h-mrs and by high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc). first, the relaxation times and other parameters affecting absolute quantification by mrs were determined. at 11.75 t, the relaxation times of myocardial creatine were t(1) = 1.1+/-0.29 sec (mean +/- sd, n = 5) and t(2) = 56.4+/-6.2 ms (n = 9). in phantom experiments the mrs measurements gave accurate values for th ... | 2000 | 10748423 |
| the quality of interactive computer use among hiv-infected individuals. | this study examined how hiv-infected individuals used an interactive health software package called chess (comprehensive health enhancement support system). chess packages information and support in a variety of ways; the research examined how a subset of users whose posttest scores in a larger randomized trial showed significant improvement in quality of life compared on use patterns of chess with those who did not improve. the evidence presented here points to the nature of chess use more than ... | 1998 | 10947374 |
| critical notice. | "goodness of fit": clinical applications from infancy through adult life. by stella chess & alexander thomas. brunner/mazel, philadelphia, pa, 1999. pp. 229. pound24.95 (hb). chess and thomas's pioneering longitudinal studies of temperamental individuality started over 40 years ago (thomas et al., 1963). their publications soon became and remain classics. their concept of "goodness of fit" emerges out of this monumental work but has had a long gestation period. in their new book, the authors dis ... | 2000 | 11260833 |
| examples of real world engineering ethics problems. | nine examples are presented illustrating the kinds of problems encountered in actual practice by conscientious engineers. these cases are drawn fom the records of the ieee ethics committee, and from the experience of the ethics helpline initiated recently by the online ethics center for engineering and science. they range from situations in which companies try to cheat one another to those in which human health and safety are jeopardized. in one case, an engineer learned that even a quiet resign ... | 2000 | 11273465 |
| low-power water suppression by hyperbolic secant pulses with controlled offsets and delays (washcode). | a class of chemical-shift-selective (chess) water suppression (ws) schemes is presented in which the characteristic frequency-domain excitation profiles of "adiabatic" full-passage (afp) rf pulses are utilized for frequency-selective excitation of the water resonance. in the proposed ws schemes, dubbed washcode, hyperbolic secant (hs) pulses were used as the afp pulses. besides the high immunity of ws efficiency toward b(1) inhomogeneity, these sequences also exhibit extraordinary insensitivity ... | 2001 | 11531376 |
| cheat and impostor: debate following the case of the rabbit breeder. | | 1986 | 11616919 |
| cancer 'cheat' accepts his medicine. | | 1982 | 11655459 |
| complex of rat transthyretin with tetraiodothyroacetic acid refined at 2.1 and 1.8 a resolution. | the crystal structure of rat transthyretin (rttr) complex with 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (t4ac) was determined at 1.8 a resolution with low temperature synchrotron data collected at chess. the structure was refined to r = 0.207 and rfree = 0.24 with the use of 8-1.8 a data. the additional 8000 reflections from the incomplete 2.1-1.8 data shell, included in the refinement, reduced the rfree index by 1.3%. structure comparison with the model refined against the complete 8-2.1 a data reve ... | 2001 | 11995998 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the tumor metastasis factor p37. | p37, an outer-membrane bacterial protein from mycoplasma hyorhinis, is a molecule whose presence on the surface of many tumor cells correlates highly with increased neoplastic invasivity and metastasis. p37 was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography and crystallized. useful single crystals for x-ray diffraction structural studies have been grown by oil-immersion methods from a solution of 40% peg 4000, 0.1 m ammonium bromide in a 0.1 m citrate buffer at ph 4.0. x- ... | 2002 | 12454480 |
| continuing progress in the chess game of aids treatment. | the sixth international congress on drug therapy in hiv infection was held november 17-21, 2002, in glasgow, scotland and the program included keynote lectures, plenary sessions, satellite symposia and poster sessions. more than 2,500 delegates, including physicians, community representatives researchers, members of the pharmaceutical industry and other health professionals, took part in the congress. highlights of the congress are discussed. (c) 2002 prous science. all rights reserved. | 2002 | 12677254 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a new class of glutathione transferase from nematodes. | mouse and heligmosomoides polygyrus constitute a readily manipulated small-animal laboratory model for investigating host-nematode interactions. two major forms of glutathione transferase (gst) are expressed in h. polygyrus adult worms following primary infection. one of these forms belongs to a new class of gst which has only been found in the nematode phylum and therefore presents a possible target for nematode control. in this study, crystals were obtained of a recombinant representative of t ... | 2003 | 12832779 |
| problems in the diagnosis of q fever by complement-fixation tests. | for the selection of a suitable antigen concentration for use in routine complement-fixation tests with q-fever antisera, a rigid system of antigen units is unsatisfactory. the optimum antigen dilution should be judged after inspection of the results of full "chess-board" titrations with a variety of antisera. non-specific reactions may occur with sera from patients with primary atypical pneumonia or sera which have deteriorated during storage. these may be detected with a typhus antigen or some ... | 1955 | 13284559 |
| evaluation of two-dimensional l-cosy and jpress using a 3 t mri scanner: from phantoms to human brain in vivo. | localized versions of two-dimensional (2d) magnetic resonance spectroscopic (mrs) sequences, namely jpress and l-cosy, have been implemented on a whole-body 3t mri/mrs scanner. volume selection was achieved using three slice-selective radio-frequency (rf) pulses: 90 degrees-180 degrees-180 degrees in jpress and 90 degrees-180 degrees-90 degrees in l-cosy with a chess sequence prior to voxel localization for global water suppression. the last 180 degrees rf pulse was used for resolving the j-coup ... | 2003 | 14648883 |
| [childhood malaria in endemic areas: epidemiology, acquired immunity and control strategies]. | malaria is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in endemic areas. the incidence and severity of malaria depends on various entomological, parasitological, environmental, and human factors. clinical presentation and epidemiologic features vary according to genetic factors, personal behavior, and immune status. populations exposed to frequent infection may develop partial labile protective malarial immunity at the price of high morbidity and mortality due to ineffectiveness of antima ... | 2003 | 14763300 |
| expert and exceptional performance: evidence of maximal adaptation to task constraints. | expert and exceptional performance are shown to be mediated by cognitive and perceptual-motor skills and by domain-specific physiological and anatomical adaptations. the highest levels of human performance in different domains can only be attained after around ten years of extended, daily amounts of deliberate practice activities. laboratory analyses of expert performance in many domains such as chess, medicine, auditing, computer programming, bridge, physics, sports, typing, juggling, dance, an ... | 1996 | 15012483 |
| the prisoner's dilemma and polymorphism in yeast suc genes. | the suc multigene family of the single-celled yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae is polymorphic, with genes varying both in number and activity. all of the genes encode invertase, an enzyme that is secreted to digest sucrose outside of the cell. this communal endeavour creates the potential for individual cells to defect (cheat) by stealing the sugar digested by their neighbours without contributing the enzyme themselves. we measured the fitness of a defector, with a deleted suc2 gene, relative to a ... | 2004 | 15101409 |
| protein crystallography using a multilayer monochromator. | a multilayer monochromator was installed on a bending-magnet beamline at the cornell high energy synchrotron source (chess) and was used to provide an unfocused pseudo-monochromatic x-ray beam for protein crystallography experiments. datasets were collected from lysozyme at room temperature and human methylthioadenosine phosphorylase at 100 k. the wide energy bandpass of the multilayer allowed short exposure times, typically only a few times longer than on a focused multipole wiggler beamline. t ... | 1998 | 15263556 |
| cheating is not always punished: killer female plants and pollination by deceit in the dwarf palm chamaerops humilis. | because the interests of mutualists are not perfectly aligned, conflicts between partners often arise, rendering mutualism unstable by allowing the evolution of cheating. the dwarf palm chamaerops humilis is engaged in a nursery pollination mutualism with a specific weevil derelomus chamaeropsis. in exchange for pollen dispersal, dwarf palms provide pollinators with food, shelter and egg-laying sites, but pollinators can develop only within male inflorescences. here we show that weevils lay eggs ... | 2004 | 15271086 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of tobacco ringspot virus. | tobacco ringspot virus, a plant virus that is believed to fill an apparent niche in the evolution of picornavirus-like capsids, has been crystallized by vapor diffusion with potassium phosphate and polyethylene glycol buffered at ph 6.5 in a new crystal form. the monoclinic crystals belong to the space group c2 with unit-cell dimensions of a = 407.1, b = 399.7, c = 285.9 a and beta = 129.1 degrees and diffract synchrotron radiation to 3.3 a. one half of a virus particle constitutes the crystallo ... | 1997 | 15299983 |
| measuring progress in multirobot research with rating methods--the robocup example. | rating the intelligence of artificially made systems is important for measuring progress in scientific and engineering methods. unfortunately, there is currently no universal agreement about what is considered an intelligent system, and how to measure its intelligence. this research focus on measuring the progress in the robotic technologies deployed for the robocup competitions, since one of the original premises of those competitions was to advance the development of intelligent robotic system ... | 2004 | 15376876 |
| pleiotropy as a mechanism to stabilize cooperation. | most genes affect many traits. this phenomenon, known as pleiotropy, is a major constraint on evolution because adaptive change in one trait may be prevented because it would compromise other traits affected by the same genes. here we show that pleiotropy can have an unexpected effect and benefit one of the most enigmatic of adaptations--cooperation. a spectacular act of cooperation occurs in the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum, in which some cells die to form a stalk that holds the other ... | 2004 | 15470429 |
| allelic dimorphism in the merozoite surface protein-3alpha in korean isolates of plasmodium vivax. | to study the genetic diversity of re-emerging plasmodium vivax in the republic of korea, nucleotide sequence variations at the merozoite surface protein-3alpha (pvmsp-3alpha) locus were analyzed using 24 re-emerging isolates and 4 isolates from imported cases. compared with the well known belem strain (brazil), a large number of amino acid substitutions, deletions, and insertions were found at the locus of the isolates examined. the korean isolates were divided into two allelic types; type i (15 ... | 2004 | 15642964 |
| [the prokaryotic expression and the establishment of the putative indirect elisa assay for the ha gene for avian influenza virus (aiv) h5n1 subtype]. | using a pair of specific primers designed according to the relevant nucleotide sequence from genbank, the ha1 gene of h5n1 subtype aiv was amplified with pcr method. the pcr product was cloned into pet-32a(+) to get a prokaryotic recombinant plasmid pet-ha1. the target gene was successfully expressed in the host cell bl21 (de3) when induced with iptg. the expression was optimized with proper inducing conditions of 0.8 mmol/l iptg and 3 hours induction. the highest expression of the target protei ... | 2005 | 15847164 |
| hypermutability impedes cooperation in pathogenic bacteria. | when the supply of beneficial mutations limits adaptation, bacterial mutator alleles can reach high frequencies by hitchhiking with advantageous mutations. however, when populations are well adapted to their environments, the increased rate of deleterious mutations makes hypermutability selectively disadvantageous. here, we consider a further cost of hypermutability: its potential to break down cooperation (group-beneficial behavior that is costly to the individual). this probably occurs for thr ... | 2005 | 16271876 |
| comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess) for people with hiv infection. | we investigated the utility and the pattern of use of the comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess), an internet based consumer health informatics system for people living with hiv/aids. eight patients utilized chess for 4 months. the total number of log-ins ranged between 1 and 93 (median 21), with a median of 4.6 per month (0.2-21.8). discussions group was the service most frequently accessed; the referral directory and fat assessment services were requested the least. the barrie ... | 2006 | 16400508 |
| non-invasive temperature imaging with thulium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (tmdotma-). | non-invasive thermometry using hyperfine-shifted mr signals from paramagnetic lanthanide complexes has attracted attention recently because the chemical shifts of these complexes are many times more sensitive to temperature than the water 1h signal. among all the lanthanide complexes examined thus far, thulium tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (tmdotma-) appears to be the most suitable for mr thermometry. in this paper, the feasibility of imaging the methyl 1h sign ... | 2006 | 16404728 |
| superior performance and neural efficiency: the impact of intelligence and expertise. | superior cognitive performance can be viewed from an intelligence perspective, emphasising general properties of the human information processing system (such as mental speed and working memory), and from an expertise perspective, highlighting the indispensable role of elaborated domain-specific knowledge and acquired skills. in exploring its neurophysiological basis, recent research has provided considerable evidence of the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence, indicating lower and more ... | 2006 | 16624674 |
| high relatedness selects against hypermutability in bacterial metapopulations. | mutation rate and cooperation have important ecological and evolutionary consequences and, moreover, can affect pathogen virulence. while hypermutability accelerates adaptation to novel environments, hypermutable lineages ('mutators') are selected against in well-adapted populations. using the model organism pseudomonas aeruginosa, we previously demonstrated a further potential disadvantage to hypermutability, namely, that it can accelerate the breakdown of cooperation. we now investigate how th ... | 2007 | 17374597 |
| feedback quality and environmentally friendly use of domestic central heating systems. | the study examined the influence of system-embedded feedback on user behaviour during the environmentally friendly operation of a central heating system. a pc-based simulation, called chess, was developed to model the critical features of a central heating system. after having received 30 min of training on the simulation task, 60 participants worked on a series of operational scenarios under different levels of system feedback. in addition to the collection of various performance measures (e.g. ... | 2007 | 17457742 |
| high relatedness maintains multicellular cooperation in a social amoeba by controlling cheater mutants. | the control of cheating is important for understanding major transitions in evolution, from the simplest genes to the most complex societies. cooperative systems can be ruined if cheaters that lower group productivity are able to spread. kin-selection theory predicts that high genetic relatedness can limit cheating, because separation of cheaters and cooperators limits opportunities to cheat and promotes selection against low-fitness groups of cheaters. here, we confirm this prediction for the s ... | 2007 | 17496139 |
| expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of recombinant clostridium perfringens beta 2-toxin. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive sporulating anaerobic bacterium that is responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases in animals, birds and humans. the virulence of c. perfringens is associated with the production of several enterotoxins and exotoxins. beta2-toxin is a 28 kda exotoxin produced by c. perfringens. it is implicated in necrotic enteritis in animals and humans, a disease characterized by a sudden acute onset with lethal hemorrhagic mucosal ulceration. the recombinant express ... | 2007 | 17554168 |
| the making of an expert. | popular lore tells us that genius is born, not made. scientific research, on the other hand, reveals that true expertise is mainly the product of years of intense practice and dedicated coaching. ordinary practice is not enough: to reach elite levels of performance, you need to constantly push yourself beyond your abilities and comfort level. such discipline is the key to becoming an expert in all domains, including management and leadership. those are the conclusions reached by ericsson, a prof ... | 2007 | 17642130 |
| the role of hox genes during vertebrate limb development. | the potential role of hox genes during vertebrate limb development was brought into focus by gene expression analyses in mice (p dolle, jc izpisua-belmonte, h falkenstein, a renucci, d duboule, nature 1989, 342:767-772), at a time when limb growth and patterning were thought to depend upon two distinct and rather independent systems of coordinates; one for the anterior-to-posterior axis and the other for the proximal-to-distal axis (see d duboule, p dolle, embo j 1989, 8:1497-1505). over the pas ... | 2007 | 17644373 |
| in vivo mri volumetric measurement of prostate regression and growth in mice. | mouse models for treatment of late-stage prostate cancer are valuable tools, but assessing the extent of growth of the prostate and particularly its regression due to therapeutic intervention or castration is difficult due to the location, small size and interdigitated anatomy of the prostate gland in situ. temporal monitoring of mouse prostate regression requires multiple animals and examination of histological sections. | 2007 | 17650332 |
| water chemistry-based classification of streams and implications for restoring mined appalachian watersheds. | we analyzed seasonal water samples from the cheat and tygart valley river basins, west virginia, usa, in an attempt to classify streams based on water chemistry in this coal-mining region. we also examined temporal variability among water samples. principal component analysis identified two important dimensions of variation in water chemistry. this variation was determined largely by mining-related factors (elevated metals, sulfates, and conductivity) and an alkalinity-hardness gradient. cluster ... | 2007 | 17665675 |
| erratum. | in the research news article "tournament competition fuels computer chess" (29 june, p. 1396), the figure was reprodeced incorrectly. black has a third pawn on the black square immediately in front of the black king. the figure and its legend are reproduced herewith. one limitation offull-width search methods in computer chess is called the horizon effect. a human easily sees that white, although it has one less pawn, can win the game by advancing its leftmost pawn across the board, whereupon it ... | 1979 | 17747029 |
| fat-saturated diffusion-weighted imaging of the rat pelvis using three-dimensional mp-rage mr sequence. | in this work we report on the development of a novel technique for fat-saturated three-dimensional (3d) diffusion-weighted (dw) mri sequence based upon 3d magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (3d-mp-rage). in order to saturate fat, two kinds of procedures were competed chess-dw-3d-mp-rage sequence (chess-3d-dwi) and dw-3d-mp-we-rage sequence (we-3d-dwi) "chemical shift selective: chess method vs. water-excitation: we method". the chess-3d-dwi sequence and we-3d-dwi sequence were compared i ... | 2007 | 18002386 |
| facultative cheater mutants reveal the genetic complexity of cooperation in social amoebae. | cooperation is central to many major transitions in evolution, including the emergence of eukaryotic cells, multicellularity and eusociality. cooperation can be destroyed by the spread of cheater mutants that do not cooperate but gain the benefits of cooperation from others. however, cooperation can be preserved if cheaters are facultative, cheating others but cooperating among themselves. several cheater mutants have been studied before, but no study has attempted a genome-scale investigation o ... | 2008 | 18272966 |
| novel transcriptome patterns accompany evolutionary restoration of defective social development in the bacterium myxococcus xanthus. | evolutionary trait losses can be restored by direct reversion or by compensatory pathways. upon starvation, the bacterium myxococcus xanthus develops into spore-bearing fruiting bodies, but this ability can be rapidly lost during evolution. some developmentally defective strains of m. xanthus "cheat" on proficient strains during development by superior sporulation in mixed cultures. here, we examine transcriptomic patterns accompanying the evolution of a cheater (obligate cheater [oc]) to a deve ... | 2008 | 18385222 |
| the effects of dynamic movement on seated reach arcs. | the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between movement of the low back and shoulder during a normal seated reach and the reach arc estimation equations found in literature. the method consisted of evaluating individuals who were reaching with their right hands for five chess pawns, which were placed at varying distances. specifically, the pawns were evenly spaced in a straight line directly in front of each participant's shoulder. this study focused on a group of 32 parti ... | 2008 | 18432446 |
| designing for the home: a comparative study of support aids for central heating systems. | the study examined the influence of different types of enhanced system support on user performance during the management of a central heating system. a computer-based simulation of a central heating system, called chess v2.0, was used to model different interface options, providing different support facilities to the user (e.g., historical, predictive, and instructional displays). seventy-five participants took part in the study and completed a series of operational scenarios under different sup ... | 2009 | 18433730 |
| increased efficacy of zinc complexes with picolinic and aspartic acids against herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection when combined with the pavine alkaloid (-)-thalimonine. | complexes of zinc with picolinic and aspartic acids inhibit key steps of hsv-1 replication affecting different virus-specific targets. as was recently demonstrated by us, the pavine alkaloid (-)-thalimonine irreversibly inhibits hsv-1 infection in cultured cells. the aim of the present study was the evaluation of the combined effect of zinc complexes and (-)-thalimonine on uninfected and hsv-1 infected cells. the data obtained have shown that zinc complexes and the alkaloid exert decreased cytot ... | 2000 | 18475954 |
| fetal-maternal conflict, trophoblast invasion, preeclampsia, and the red queen. | the much publicized conflict hypothesis for understanding fetal-maternal interaction during pregnancy often invokes a 'battle' metaphor, rather than a well orchestrated interplay occurring as a series of well controlled moves and counter-moves as happens in a game of chess. such stepwise interaction is particularly obvious in the spiral artery remodelling process, and it would be interesting to trace the history of the successive steps in histological adaptation throughout primate phylogeny. the ... | 2008 | 18484423 |
| improvement of vessel visibility in time-of-flight mr angiography of the brain. | to improve vessel visibility in time-of-flight mr angiography (tof-mra) by careful consideration of coil choice, coil position, and frequency offset and profile of the nonspatially selective chemical shift selective (chess) presaturation pulse. | 2008 | 18504756 |
| nicolae c. paulescu--scientist and politician. | the question of who discovered insulin is controversial. one of the scientists working on pancreas extracts was nicolae paulescu, the so-called forgotten man. in addition to his scientific research he was also active in politics. he was the father of the virulent antisemitic fascist movement "garda de fer" in romania; he raved against the "jewish peril," claimed in his writings that the jews are a genetically degenerate people trying to cheat and poison the rumanian people by alcoholism, and mor ... | 2008 | 18751624 |
| reproducible mri measurement of adipose tissue volumes in genetic and dietary rodent obesity models. | to develop ratio mri [lipid/(lipid+water)] methods for assessing lipid depots and compare measurement variability with biological differences among lean controls (spontaneously hypertensive rats [shrs]), dietary obese rats (shr-dos), and genetic/dietary obese rats (shrobs). | 2008 | 18821617 |
| striatum and pre-sma facilitate decision-making under time pressure. | human decision-making almost always takes place under time pressure. when people are engaged in activities such as shopping, driving, or playing chess, they have to continually balance the demands for fast decisions against the demands for accurate decisions. in the cognitive sciences, this balance is thought to be modulated by a response threshold, the neural substrate of which is currently subject to speculation. in a speed decision-making experiment, we presented participants with cues that i ... | 2008 | 18981414 |
| the stress of chess players as a model to study the effects of psychological stimuli on physiological responses: an example of substrate oxidation and heart rate variability in man. | we have studied the physiological consequences of the tension caused by playing chess in 20 male chess players, by following heart rate, heart rate variability, and respiratory variables. we observed significant increase in the heart rate (75-86 beats/min), in the ratio low frequency (lf)/high frequency (hf) of heart rate variability (1.3-3.0) and also a decrease in mean heart rate variability with no changes in hf throughout the game. these results suggest a stimulation of the sympathetic nervo ... | 2009 | 18987876 |
| queen ants make distinctive sounds that are mimicked by a butterfly social parasite. | ants dominate terrestrial ecosystems through living in complex societies whose organization is maintained via sophisticated communication systems. the role of acoustics in information exchange may be underestimated. we show that myrmica schencki queens generate distinctive sounds that elicit increased benevolent responses from workers, reinforcing their supreme social status. although fiercely defended by workers, ant societies are infiltrated by specialist insects that exploit their resources. ... | 2009 | 19197065 |
| the effects of nanoparticles uptaken by cells on electrorotation. | electrorotation (er) has become a very powerful diagnostic technique for the measurement of dielectric properties of cells. however, only a few papers have investigated the electric-induced rotation of particles in a stationary alternating (ac) electric field instead of a rotating electric field. in this study, a microchip composed of a top-grounded electrode, flow chamber and bottom chess-type electrode arrays was used to construct a stationary non-uniform ac electric field for the manipulation ... | 2009 | 19350546 |
| dental radiology. | dental radiology is the core diagnostic modality of veterinary dentistry. dental radiographs assist in detecting hidden painful pathology, estimating the severity of dental conditions, assessing treatment options, providing intraoperative guidance, and also serve to monitor success of prior treatments. unfortunately, most professional veterinary training programs provide little or no training in veterinary dentistry in general or dental radiology in particular. although a technical learning curv ... | 2009 | 19410234 |
| improved arterial visibility using short-tau inversion-recovery (stir) fat suppression in non-contrast-enhanced time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (time-slip) renal mr angiography (mra). | to evaluate whether short-tau inversion-recovery (stir) fat suppression is worthwhile in non-contrast-enhanced respiration-triggered free-breathing time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (time-slip) renal magnetic resonance angiography (mra) compared with chemical shift selective (chess) fat suppression. | 2009 | 19472424 |
| potential benefits of recombinant human growth hormone (rhgh) to athletes. | athletes have enjoyed almost a thirty year amnesty of rhgh abuse, which they consider has contributed to the winning of medals and the breaking of world records. such a reprieve is almost at an end, since wada have identified a method to detect rhgh abuse. or have they? the anecdotal word "on the street" is that rhgh is still undetectable and athletes believe that the benefits, at the dosages they administer, far outweigh the risks! scientists are aware that in a hormone deficiency condition, re ... | 2009 | 19539505 |
| genetic enhancements and expectations. | some argue that genetic enhancements and environmental enhancements are not importantly different: environmental enhancements such as private schools and chess lessons are simply the old-school way to have a designer baby. i argue that there is an important distinction between the two practices--a distinction that makes state restrictions on genetic enhancements more justifiable than state restrictions on environmental enhancements. the difference is that parents have no settled expectations abo ... | 2009 | 19567693 |
| evaluation of dystrophic dog pathology by fat-suppressed t2-weighted imaging. | duchenne muscular dystrophy (dmd) is a devastating muscle disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle necrosis, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration. to examine the temporospatial pathological changes, a noninvasive evaluation method such as magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is needed. the aim of this study was to precisely assess muscle necrosis and inflammation based on a sequence of t2-weighted imaging (t2wi), gadolinium-enhanced imaging, and selective fat suppression, chemical shift sele ... | 2009 | 19670324 |
| a multimodal interface device for online board games designed for sight-impaired people. | online games between remote opponents playing over computer networks are becoming a common activity of everyday life. however, computer interfaces for board games are usually based on the visual channel. for example, they require players to check their moves on a video display and interact by using pointing devices such as a mouse. hence, they are not suitable for visually impaired people. the present paper discusses a multipurpose system that allows especially blind and deafblind people playing ... | 2010 | 19858031 |