| the utilisation by the growing pig of barley adulterated with seeds of the wild oat (avena fatua). | | 1973 | 4785357 |
| nutritive value of green or yellow foxtail, wild oats, wild buckwheat or redroot pigweed seed as determined with the rat. | pure green foxtail (setaria viridis beauv.), yellow foxtail (setaria lutescens hubb.), wild oats (avena fatua l.), wild buckwehat (polygonum convolvulus l.) and redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.) seeds were fed to growing male rats in two experiments. in the first experiment, green or yellow foxtail and wild oats seeds were found to be first-limiting in the amino acid lysine. green or yellow foxtail seed supplemented with lysine produced satisfactory rat growth. digestible energy (de) v ... | 1980 | 7410266 |
| identification and analysis of proteins that interact with the avena fatua homologue of the maize transcription factor viviparous 1. | the avena fatua (wild oat) homologue of viviparous 1 (afvp1) has been implicated in controlling the maintenance of embryo dormancy in mature imbibed seeds, but the detailed mechanisms by which this transcription factor family activates embryo maturation pathways and simultaneously represses germination are not known. a two-hybrid screen in yeast identified three proteins that interacted specifically with afvp1 (afvp1 interacting proteins; afvips). afvips 2 and 3 interacted with the c-terminus of ... | 2000 | 10743654 |
| an aldose reductase homolog from the resurrection plant xerophyta viscosa baker. | an aldose reductase homologue (aldrxv4) was cloned from the resurrection plant xerophyta viscosa baker using complementation by functional sufficiency in escherichia coli. a cdna library constructed from x. viscosa leaves dehydrated to 85%, 37% and 5% relative water contents (rwc) was converted into an infective phagemid library. escherichia coli (sr1::tn10) cells transformed with ds-pbluescript phagemids were selected on minimal medium plates supplemented with 1 mm isopropyl beta-d-thiogalactop ... | 2000 | 11089682 |
| pathogen spillover in disease epidemics. | in field experiments manipulating generalist pathogens and host community composition, the presence of a highly susceptible reservoir species drove disease dynamics in multiple nonreservoir species, sometimes decreasing their abundance through apparent competition. the dynamics of generalist pathogens in multispecies host communities remain a major frontier for disease ecology. of particular interest are how host community structure controls pathogen transmission and how disease spread feeds bac ... | 2004 | 15540144 |
| hygienization of municipal sludge in automatically operated chamber filter presses with thermal vacuum drying. | this paper presents the state of the art of thermal vacuum drying in chamber filter presses for unattended automatic operation. the achieved results are exemplified by the treatment of the two stage digested combined primary, chemical and biological sludge created by the veas concept for nutrient removal from municipal wastewater at veas. the water removal rate in each stage of the drying process is described, with comments on the low energy needs. the advantages of one-sided heating, the capaci ... | 2004 | 15553459 |
| [effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on weeds growth and nitrogen uptake]. | in this paper, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the responses of different functional groups weeds to simulated nitrogen deposition (4.0 g n.m(-2).yr(-1)). native weed species poa annua, lolium perenne, avena fatua, medicago lupulina, trifolium repens, plantago virginica, veronica didyma, echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis, eleusine indica and amaranthus spinosus in orchard ecosystem were used test materials, and their above-and underground biomass and nitrogen uptake were measured. ... | 2005 | 16110678 |
| two novel bacterial biosensors for detection of nitrate availability in the rhizosphere. | the nitrate-regulated promoter of narg in escherichia coli was fused to promoterless ice nucleation (inaz) and green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter genes to yield the nitrate-responsive gene fusions in plasmids pnice and pngfp, respectively. while the promoter of narg is normally nitrate responsive only under anaerobic conditions, the l28h-fnr gene was provided in trans to enable nitrate-dependent expression of these reporter gene fusions even under aerobic conditions in both e. coli dh5alph ... | 2005 | 16332845 |
| insecticides and arable weeds: effects on germination and seedling growth. | the decline of many arable weed species in northern europe has been attributed to the intensification of modern agriculture and in particular, increasing pesticide use. in this study, we examined the effect of two insecticides, dimethoate and deltamethrin, on the germination and seedling growth of six arable weed species. although germination was unaffected by insecticide application, seedling growth of four species was decreased by exposure to deltamethrin (capsella bursa-pastoris and poa annua ... | 2005 | 16385742 |
| role of endogenous plant growth regulators in seed dormancy of avena fatua: ii. gibberellins. | gibberellin a(1) (ga(1)) was identified by combined gas chromatographymass spectrometry as the major biologically active gibberellin (ga) in seeds of wild oat (avena fatua l.) regardless of the depth of dormany or stage of imbibition. both unimbibed dormant and nondromant seeds contained similar amounts of ga(1) as estimated by the d5-maize bioassay. during imbibition, the level of ga(1) declined in both dormant and non-dormant seeds, although the decline was more rapid in dormant seeds. only in ... | 1983 | 16663302 |
| performance of potential non-crop or wild species under oecd 208 testing guideline study conditions for terrestrial non-target plants. | the inclusion of 52 potential non-crop or wild species in new oecd guidelines for terrestrial non-target plant (tntp) testing led to a ring test conducted by four laboratories experienced in regulatory testing. species selected had shown potential to meet validity criteria of emergence for tntp studies in a previous evaluation of the 52 species. oecd 208 guideline conditions were applied, with and without seed pretreatments recommended to enhance germination. these species were abutilon theophra ... | 2007 | 17171722 |
| vegetable and animal food sorts found in the gastric content of sardinian wild boar (sus scrofa meridionalis). | authors report results emerging from gastric content analysis from n. 96 wild boars hunted in sardinia isle, during the hunting tide (2001-2005), from november to january. mean ph of the gastric content was 3.77 +/- 0.69. mean total capacity (tc) of each stomach was 1702 +/- 680 g. mean stuff ratio (cw/tc) between the content weight (cw) and stomachs tc was 0.45. food categories found in animal stomachs were: 19 categories of vegetal species (allium spp., arbutus unedo, arisarum vulgare, avena f ... | 2007 | 17516948 |
| naturally occurring phytotoxins in allelopathic plants help reduce herbicide dose in wheat. | field studies were carried out to evaluate the influence of allelopathic plant water extracts applied alone or tank-mixed with a reduced herbicide dose on the weeds of wheat. water extracts of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench.) + sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) + mulberry (morus alba l.) were used alone (each at 20 l ha(-1)) or combined with iodo + mesosulfuron (3.6 and 7.2 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha(-1); 25 and 50% of the recommended dose, respectively). the recommended dose of herbicid ... | 2011 | 21854181 |
| survival of weed seeds and animal parasites as affected by anaerobic digestion at meso- and thermophilic conditions. | anaerobic digestion of residual materials from animals and crops offers an opportunity to simultaneously produce bioenergy and plant fertilizers at single farms and in farm communities where input substrate materials and resulting digested residues are shared among member farms. a surplus benefit from this practice may be the suppressing of propagules from harmful biological pests like weeds and animal pathogens (e.g. parasites). in the present work, batch experiments were performed, where survi ... | 2012 | 23266071 |
| polyphenol oxidase as a biochemical seed defense mechanism. | seed dormancy and resistance to decay are fundamental survival strategies, which allow a population of seeds to germinate over long periods of time. seeds have physical, chemical, and biological defense mechanisms that protect their food reserves from decay-inducing organisms and herbivores. here, we hypothesize that seeds also possess enzyme-based biochemical defenses, based on induction of the plant defense enzyme, polyphenol oxidase (ppo), when wild oat (avena fatua l.) caryopses and seeds we ... | 2014 | 25540647 |
| activation of polyphenol oxidase in dormant wild oat caryopses by a seed-decay isolate of fusarium avenaceum. | incubation of dormant wild oat (avena fatua l., isoline m73) caryopses for 1-3 days with fusarium avenaceum seed-decay isolate f.a.1 induced activity of the plant defense enzyme polyphenol oxidase (ppo). both extracts and leachates obtained from f.a.1-treated caryopses had decreased abundance of an ∼57 kda antigenic ppo and increased abundance of antigenic ppos ranging from ∼52 to 14 kda, as compared to extracts and leachates from untreated caryopsis. leachates from caryopsis incubated for 2 day ... | 2010 | 20853835 |
| variation in germination and amino acid leakage of seeds with temperature related to membrane phase change. | leakages of amino acids and/or fluorescent material as functions of temperature between 15 and 40 c are reported for imbibed seeds of avena fatua l., lactuca sativa l., barbarea vulgaris r. br., amaranthus albus l., abutilon theophrasti medic., lychnis alba mill., daucus carota l., setaria faberi herrm., setaria viridis (l.) beauv., and datura stramonium l. the leakage indicates prominent increase in permeability of the plasmalemma in the 30 to 35 c range for 8 of the 10 kinds of seeds studied. ... | 1976 | 16659623 |
| characterization of biochar obtained from weeds and its effect on soil properties of north eastern region of india. | in the global climate change scenario, application of biochar in soil has become one of the important management practices for carbon sequestration, soil health improvement and climate change mitigation. in this study, an attempt was made to see the effect of biochar prepared from weed biomass on soil properties in subtropical northeast india. biochar were prepared from seven locally available weed biomass viz. ageratum conyzoides, lantana camera, gynura sp., setaria sp., avena fatua, maize stal ... | 2015 | 25895276 |
| impact of cropping systems, soil inoculum, and plant species identity on soil bacterial community structure. | farming practices affect the soil microbial community, which in turn impacts crop growth and crop-weed interactions. this study assessed the modification of soil bacterial community structure by organic or conventional cropping systems, weed species identity [amaranthus retroflexus l. (redroot pigweed) or avena fatua l. (wild oat)], and living or sterilized inoculum. soil from eight paired usda-certified organic and conventional farms in north-central montana was used as living or autoclave-ster ... | 2017 | 27677892 |
| phytotoxicity evaluation of five pharmaceutical pollutants detected in surface water on germination and growth of cultivated and spontaneous plants. | the phytotoxicity of 5 pharmaceuticals detected in italian rivers, atorvastatin (7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-5-propan-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid), gemfibrozil (5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-pentanoic acid), tamoxifene (2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy]-n,n-dimethyl-ethanamine), ethinyl estradiol (17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11, 12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol) and sildenafil (methyl-9-propyl-2,4,7,8-tetrazabi ... | 2008 | 18205060 |
| synthesis and herbicidal activity of [3r,5s,6s]-3-benzyloxy-5- methoxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane and [3r,5s,6s]-3-methoxy-5-benzyloxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane. | the synthesis of spiroacetals [3r,5s,6s]-3-benzyloxy-5-methoxy-1,7-dioaxaspiro[5.5]undecane 3 and [3r,5s,6s]-3-methoxy-5-benzyloxy-1,7-dioaxaspiro[5.5]undecane4, where the substituents on the spiroacetal assembly are in a 1,3-diaxial orientation, is described. epoxidation of unsaturated spiroacetal 5 using dimethyldioxirane showed greater preference for the alpha-epoxide 11 over the beta-epoxide 12. treatment of the alpha-epoxide 11 with lithium diethylamide in tetrahydrofuran afforded both the ... | 1998 | 11672035 |
| molecular characterization of two glutathione peroxidase genes of panax ginseng and their expression analysis against environmental stresses. | glutathione peroxidases (gpxs) are a group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ros). gpx catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) or organic hydroperoxides to water or alcohols by reduced glutathione. the presence of gpxs in plants has been reported by several groups, but the roles of individual members of this family in a single plant species have not been studied. two gpx cdnas were isolated and characterized from the embryoge ... | 2014 | 24269671 |
| [allelopathy of different plants on wheat, cucumber and radish seedlings]. | by means of bioassay in laboratory and field, this paper studied the allelopathy of 18 kinds of plants in gansu province on the seedlings of wheat, cucumber and radish. the results showed that the aqueous extract of the stems and leaves of artemisia annua, solanum nigrum and datura stramonium had the strongest allelopathy on test receptor plants, and their synthetic inhibitory effect (se) was 47.66%, 32.89% and 26.63%, respectively. the se of xanthium sibiricum, portulaca oleraca, cephalanoplos ... | 2005 | 16011179 |
| the essential oil of monarda didyma l. (lamiaceae) exerts phytotoxic activity in vitro against various weed seed. | the chemical composition of the essential oil of the flowering aerial parts of monarda didyma l. cultivated in central italy was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). the major compounds of the oil were thymol (59.3%), p-cymene (10.3%), terpinolene (9.2%), δ-3-carene (4.4%), myrcene (3.7%), and camphene (3.4%). the essential oil was tested in vitro for its anti-germination activity against papaver rhoeas l., taraxacum officinale f. h. wigg., avena fatua l., raphanus sativus l ... | 2017 | 28157176 |
| variations of leaf cuticular waxes among c3 and c4 gramineae herbs. | modern c4 plants are commonly distributed in hot and dry environments whereas c3 plants predominate in cool and shade areas. at the outmost of plant surface, the deposition and chemical composition of cuticular waxes vary under different environmental conditions. however, whether such variation of cuticular wax is related to the distribution of c3 and c4 under different environmental conditions is still not clear. in this study, leaves of six c3 gramineae herbs distributed in spring, roegneria k ... | 2016 | 27563829 |
| the interconnected rhizosphere: high network complexity dominates rhizosphere assemblages. | while interactions between roots and microorganisms have been intensively studied, we know little about interactions among root-associated microbes. we used random matrix theory-based network analysis of 16s rrna genes to identify bacterial networks associated with wild oat (avena fatua) over two seasons in greenhouse microcosms. rhizosphere networks were substantially more complex than those in surrounding soils, indicating the rhizosphere has a greater potential for interactions and niche-shar ... | 2016 | 27264635 |
| isolation and identification of potential allelochemicals from aerial parts of avena fatua l. and their allelopathic effect on wheat. | five compounds (syringic acid, tricin, acacetin, syringoside, and diosmetin) were isolated from the aerial parts of wild oats (avena fatua l.) using chromatography columns of silica gel and sephadex lh-20. their chemical structures were identified by means of electrospray ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as (1)h and (13)c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. bioassays showed that the five compounds had significant allelopathic effects on the germination and ... | 2016 | 27079356 |
| migration by seed dispersal of accase-inhibitor-resistant avena fatua in north-western mexico. | biotypes of avena fatua resistant to accase-inhibiting herbicides have been reported in the states of baja california (bc) and sonora (son), mexico. we hypothesised that resistant biotypes present in son (valle de hermosillo and valle del yaqui) are derived from a resistant population from bc (valle de mexicali) via gene flow through the transport and exchange of contaminated wheat seed. this study aimed to determine (1) the resistance of a. fatua to accase-inhibiting herbicides in populations f ... | 2017 | 27038305 |
| [current understanding of signaling transduction pathway and biological functions of karrikins]. | karrikins are a class of signaling molecules discovered in wildfire smoke, which can significantly promote seed germination in some species (such as arabidopsis and avena fatua). the structures of karrikins were first elucidated in 2004. at present, six different types of karrikins have been documented, and their biological activities vary significantly. so far, studies for karrikins have become a hot spot in the plant molecular biology field. recent advances demonstrate that karrikins regulate ... | 2016 | 26787523 |
| gibberellin-like effects of kar1 on dormancy release of avena fatua caryopses include participation of non-enzymatic antioxidants and cell cycle activation in embryos. | the induction of dormancy release and germination of avena fatua caryopses by kar 1 involves aba degradation to phaseic acid. both, kar 1 and ga 3 , control the asa-gsh cycle, dna replication and accumulation of β-tubulin in embryos before caryopses germination. avena fatua caryopses cannot germinate in darkness at 20 °c because of dormancy, but karrikinolide-1 (kar1), a compound in plant-derived smoke, and gibberellic acid (ga3) induced an almost complete germination. the radicle protrusion thr ... | 2016 | 26526413 |
| essential oil composition and antigermination activity of artemisia dracunculus (tarragon). | the chemical composition of an italian oil of tarragon (artemisia dracunculus l.) was analyzed by gc/eims. the major compound of the oil was estragole (73.3%), followed by limonene (5.4%), (e)-β-ocimene (5.3%), β-pinene (3.4%) and (z)-β-ocimene (3.0%). the essential oil was tested "in vitro" for its antigermination activity against raphanus sativus l., lepidium sativum l, papaver rhoeas l. and avena fatua l. seeds and demonstrating a good inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent way. | 2015 | 26434144 |
| successional trajectories of rhizosphere bacterial communities over consecutive seasons. | it is well known that rhizosphere microbiomes differ from those of surrounding soil, and yet we know little about how these root-associated microbial communities change through the growing season and between seasons. we analyzed the response of soil bacteria to roots of the common annual grass avena fatua over two growing seasons using high-throughput sequencing of 16s rrna genes. over the two periods of growth, the rhizosphere bacterial communities followed consistent successional patterns as p ... | 2015 | 26242625 |
| the role of root development of avena fatua in conferring soil strength. | • | 2015 | 26199363 |
| response to low-dose herbicide selection in self-pollinated avena fatua. | when applied at the correct plant stage and dose, herbicides are highly toxic to plants. at reduced, low herbicide doses (below the recommended dose) plants can survive and display continuous and quantitative variation in dose-survival responses. recurrent (directional) selection studies can reveal whether such a phenotypic variation in plant survival response to low herbicide dose is heritable and leads to herbicide resistance. in a common experimental garden study, we have subjected a suscepti ... | 2016 | 25988941 |
| eugenol-inhibited root growth in avena fatua involves ros-mediated oxidative damage. | plant essential oils and their constituent monoterpenes are widely known plant growth retardants but their mechanism of action is not well understood. we explored the mechanism of phytotoxicity of eugenol, a monoterpenoid alcohol, proposed as a natural herbicide. eugenol (100-1000 µm) retarded the germination of avena fatua and strongly inhibited its root growth compared to the coleoptile growth. we further investigated the underlying physiological and biochemical alterations leading to the root ... | 2015 | 25752432 |
| germination induction of dormant avena fatua caryopses by kar(1) and ga(3) involving the control of reactive oxygen species (h2o2 and o2(·-)) and enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and catalase) both in the embryo and the aleurone layers. | avena fatua l. caryopses did not germinate at 20 °c in darkness because they were dormant. however, they were able to germinate in the presence of karrikinolide (kar1), a key bioactive compound present in smoke, and also in the presence of gibberellin a3 (ga3), a commonly known stimulator of seed germination. the aim of this study was to collect information on a possible relationship between the above regulators and abscisic acid (aba), reactive oxygen species (ros) and ros scavenging antioxidan ... | 2015 | 25618514 |
| competition and soil resource environment alter plant-soil feedbacks for native and exotic grasses. | feedbacks between plants and soil biota are increasingly identified as key determinants of species abundance patterns within plant communities. however, our understanding of how plant-soil feedbacks (psfs) may contribute to invasions is limited by our understanding of how feedbacks may shift in the light of other ecological processes. here we assess how the strength of psfs may shift as soil microbial communities change along a gradient of soil nitrogen (n) availability and how these dynamics ma ... | 2014 | 25425557 |
| plant growth and phenolic compounds in the rhizosphere soil of wild oat (avena fatua l.). | the objectives of this study were to determine the pattern of dry matter (dm) accumulation and the evolution of phenolic compounds in the rhizosphere soil from tillering to the ripe seed stages of wild oat (avena fatua l.), a widespread annual grassy weed. plants were grown under controlled conditions and harvested 13 times during the growing season. at each harvest, shoot and root dm and phenolic compounds in the rhizosphere soil were determined. the maximum dm production (12.6 g/plant) was rec ... | 2013 | 24381576 |
| comparative impact of genetically modified and non modified maize (zea mays l.) on succeeding crop and associated weed. | this research work documents the comparative impact of genetically modified (gm) (insect resistance) and non modified maize (zea mays l.) on growth and germination of succeeding crop wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and associated weed (avena fatua l.). the aqueous extracts of both the gm and non-gm maize exhibited higher phenolic content than that of methanolic extracts. germination percentage and germination index of wheat was significantly decreased by gm methanolic extract (10%) as well as that ... | 2016 | 24215059 |
| augmented multivariate image analysis applied to quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling of the phytotoxicities of benzoxazinone herbicides and related compounds on problematic weeds. | two of major weeds affecting cereal crops worldwide are avena fatua l. (wild oat) and lolium rigidum gaud. (rigid ryegrass). thus, development of new herbicides against these weeds is required; in line with this, benzoxazinones, their degradation products, and analogues have been shown to be important allelochemicals and natural herbicides. despite earlier structure-activity studies demonstrating that hydrophobicity (log p) of aminophenoxazines correlates to phytotoxicity, our findings for a ser ... | 2013 | 23947385 |
| adsorption of cu(ii), zn(ii), cd(ii) and pb(ii) by dead avena fatua biomass and the effect of these metals on their growth. | the biosorption of copper(ii), zinc(ii), cadmium(ii) and lead(ii) from aqueous solutions by dead avena fatua biomass and the effect of these metals on the growth of this wild oat were investigated. pseudo-first- and second-order and intra-particle diffusion models were applied to describe the kinetic data and to evaluate the rate constants. the adsorption kinetics of all the metals follows a pseudo-second-order model. the adsorption capacity was determined, and the freundlich and langmuir models ... | 2013 | 23732809 |
| impact of biotic and abiotic stresses on the competitive ability of multiple herbicide resistant wild oat (avena fatua). | ecological theory predicts that fitness costs of herbicide resistance should lead to the reduced relative abundance of resistant populations upon the cessation of herbicide use. this greenhouse research investigated the potential fitness costs of two multiple herbicide resistant (mhr) wild oat (avena fatua) populations, an economically important weed that affects cereal and pulse crop production in the northern great plains of north america. we compared the competitive ability of two mhr and two ... | 2013 | 23696896 |
| diagnostic exercise: poor performance in a racehorse. | a 9-year-old thoroughbred gelding presented with a 97-day history of poor performance and intermittent fever. clinicopathologic changes included increased serum activity of γ-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase, mild hyperbilirubinemia, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. abdominal ultrasound revealed hepatomegaly with hyperechoic hepatic parenchyma and biliary distention. pathologic findings included marked hepatomegaly (liver 3.6% of body weight), firm hepatic consiste ... | 2014 | 23610216 |
| herbicide resistance-endowing accase gene mutations in hexaploid wild oat (avena fatua): insights into resistance evolution in a hexaploid species. | many herbicide-resistant weed species are polyploids, but far too little about the evolution of resistance mutations in polyploids is understood. hexaploid wild oat (avena fatua) is a global crop weed and many populations have evolved herbicide resistance. we studied plastidic acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase (accase)-inhibiting herbicide resistance in hexaploid wild oat and revealed that resistant individuals can express one, two or three different plastidic accase gene resistance mutations (ile-1 ... | 2013 | 23047200 |
| control of wild oat (avena fatua) using some phenolic compounds i - germination and some growth parameters. | the percentage of germination of wild oat was significantly inhibited by increasing the concentrations of phenolic compounds. ferulic acid was the most effective compound which completely inhibited germination at a concentration of 3.0 mm. at the same time, wheat and barley were slightly affected with different concentrations of the four phenolic compounds. the percentage of germination of wheat significantly decreased with increasing of ferulic acid reaching a maximum inhibition at 3.0 mm conce ... | 2012 | 23961157 |
| [comparative cytogenetic analysis of hexaploid avena l. species]. | using c-banding method and in situ hybridization with the 45s and 5s rrna gene probes, six hexaploid species of the genus avena l. with the acd genome constitution were studied to reveal evolutionary karyotypic changes. similarity in the c-banding patterns of chromosomal and in the patterns of distribution of the rrna gene families suggests a common origin of all hexaploid species. avena fatua is characterized by the broadest intraspecific variation of the karyotype; this species displays chromo ... | 2011 | 21866859 |
| mechanism of resistance to accase-inhibiting herbicides in wild oat (avena fatua ) from latin america. | whole-plant response of two suspected resistant avena fatua biotypes from chile and mexico to accase-inhibiting herbicides [aryloxyphenoxypropionate (app), cyclohexanedione (chd), and pinoxaden (ppz)] and the mechanism behind their resistance were studied. both dose-response and accase enzyme activity assays revealed cross-resistance to the three herbicide families in the biotype from chile. on the other hand, the wild oat biotype from mexico exhibited resistance to the app herbicides and cross- ... | 2011 | 21639122 |
| an aspartate to glycine change in the carboxyl transferase domain of acetyl coa carboxylase and non-target-site mechanism(s) confer resistance to accase inhibitor herbicides in a lolium multiflorum population. | the increasing use of accase-inhibiting herbicides has resulted in evolved resistance in key grass weeds infesting cereal cropping systems worldwide. here, a thorough and systematic approach is proposed to elucidate the basis of resistance to three accase herbicides in a lolium multiflorum lam. (italian rye grass) population from the united kingdom (uk24). | 2010 | 20648527 |
| multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua as natural-product-based herbicide leads. | fifteen novel derivatives of d-diboa, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions c-2 and n-4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (sts) evaluated. this strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. an evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua ... | 2010 | 20628996 |
| phenolic and short-chained aliphatic organic acid constituents of wild oat (avena fatua l.) seeds. | the objective of this research was to identify and quantify the phenolic and short-chained aliphatic organic acids present in the seeds of three wild-type populations of wild oat and compare these results to the chemical composition of seeds from two commonly utilized wild oat isolines (m73 and sh430). phenolic acids have been shown to serve as germination inhibitors, as well as protection for seeds from biotic and abiotic stress factors in other species, whereas aliphatic organic acids have bee ... | 2010 | 20017486 |
| essential oil of artemisia scoparia inhibits plant growth by generating reactive oxygen species and causing oxidative damage. | we investigated the chemical composition and phytotoxicity of the essential oil extracted from leaves of artemisia scoparia waldst. et kit. (red stem wormwood, asteraceae). gc/gc-ms analyses revealed 33 chemical constituents representing 99.83% of the oil. the oil, in general, was rich in monoterpenes that constitute 71.6%, with beta-myrcene (29.27%) as the major constituent followed by (+)-limonene (13.3%), (z)-beta-ocimene (13.37%), and gamma-terpinene (9.51%). the oil and beta-myrcene were ev ... | 2009 | 19194753 |
| tillage and residue burning affects weed populations and seed banks. | an integrated weed management approach requires alternative management practices to herbicide use such as tillage, crop rotations and cultural controls to reduce soil weed seed banks. the objective of this study was to examine the value of different tillage practices and stubble burning to exhaust the seed bank of common weeds from the northern grain region of australia. five tillage and burning treatments were incorporated in a field experiment, at armidale (30 degrees 30's, 151 degrees 40'e), ... | 2006 | 17390813 |
| new herbicide models from benzoxazinones: aromatic ring functionalization effects. | the utility of benzoxazinones and some of their synthetic derivatives in the search for new leads for herbicide model development has been widely discussed. as the benzoxazinone skeleton contains three different potential areas for functionalization (c-2, n-4, and aromatic protons h-5, h-6, h-7, and h-8), and the first two have already been optimized, the main objective of this work was the substitution of aromatic protons for different substituent types and the study of the effects of the prepa ... | 2006 | 17177510 |
| real-time quantitative pcr assays for quantification of l1781 accase inhibitor resistance allele in leaf and seed pools of lolium populations. | the i1781l amino acid substitution in the target accase enzyme causes broad resistance to accase inhibitor herbicides in several monocotyledenous weeds of agronomic importance. this mutation results from a substitution of an adenine (a) residue by either a thymine (t) or cytosine (c) at position 5341 in alopecurus myosuroides huds and at an equivalent position in lolium species, avena fatua l. and setaria viridis (l.) beauv. two different procedures, the pcr-based allele-specific assay (asa) and ... | 2006 | 16953497 |
| structure-activity relationship (sar) studies of benzoxazinones, their degradation products, and analogues. phytotoxicity on problematic weeds avena fatua l. and lolium rigidum gaud. | avena fatua l. (wild oat) and lolium rigidum gaud. (rigid ryegrass) are highly problematic weeds affecting a wide variety of cereal crops worldwide. the fact that both of these weeds have developed resistance to several herbicide groups made them optimal candidates as target organisms for ongoing research about the potential application of allelochemicals and analogue compounds as natural herbicide models. benzoxazinones, a family of natural allelochemicals present in corn, wheat, and rye, inclu ... | 2006 | 16478215 |
| invasive annual grasses indirectly increase virus incidence in california native perennial bunchgrasses. | in california valley grasslands, avena fatua l. and other exotic annual grasses have largely displaced native perennial bunchgrasses such as elymus glaucus buckley and nassella pulchra (a. hitchc.) barkworth. the invasion success and continued dominance of the exotics has been generally attributed to changes in disturbance regimes and the outcome of direct competition between species. here, we report that exotic grasses can also indirectly increase disease incidence in nearby native grasses. we ... | 2005 | 15875144 |
| [effect of enhanced uv-b radiation on competition among several plant species]. | the effect of enhanced uv-b radiation (280-315 nm, approximating a 15% ozone layer reduction) on competitive interaction between spring wheat (triticum aestivum) and wild oat (avena fatua) was examined in the field. the density-dependent mortality of both wheat and wild oat did not exhibit a significant difference between control and uv-b treatments. a relatively high degree of competitive stress enhanced the effect of uv-b stress on biomass reduction. under uv-b enhancement, the relative compet ... | 2003 | 14655368 |
| contact activity of difenzoquat differs from that of paraquat. | difenzoquat herbicide is used for post-emergence control of wild oat (avena fatua l) in small grain crops. its mechanism of action is not known, but appears to have both paraquat-like contact activity and systemic growth-inhibition activity. experiments were conducted in vitro to compare the contact activity of difenzoquat and paraquat, to examine the contact activity of difenzoquat in difenzoquat-resistant (accession lcs) and -susceptible (accession sb 18) a fatua biotypes and -tolerant 'ernest ... | 2003 | 12916774 |
| characterisation of target-site resistance to accase-inhibiting herbicides in the weed alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass). | resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (aopp), cyclohexanedione (chd) and phenylurea herbicides was determined in uk populations of alopecurus myosuroides huds. two populations (oxford aa1, notts. a1) were highly resistant (resistance indices 13-->1000) to the aopp and chd herbicides fenoxaprop, diclofop, fluazifop-p and sethoxydim, but only marginally resistant to the phenylurea, chlorotoluron. analyses of acetyl coenzyme a carboxylase (accase) activity showed that an insensitive accase conferr ... | 2003 | 12587873 |
| rflp mapping of a hordeum bulbosum gene highly expressed in pistils and its relationship to homoeologous loci in other gramineae species. | a cdna sequence (hbc8-2) isolated from pistils of the self-incompatible species hordeum bulbosum was analysed for expression pattern and genetic map location. hbc8-2 was expressed just prior to anthesis in mature pistils, and expression was maintained at a high level throughout anthesis. the same expression pattern was found in self-incompatible rye ( secale cereale), but no expression was detected in the self-compatible cereals wheat ( triticum aestivum) or barley ( hordeum vulgare) at comparab ... | 2002 | 12582529 |
| an isoleucine to leucine mutation in acetyl-coa carboxylase confers herbicide resistance in wild oat. | wild oat (avena fatua l.) populations resistant to herbicides that inhibit acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase; ec 6.4.1.2) represent an increasingly important weed control problem. the objective of this study was to determine the accase mutation responsible for herbicide resistance in a well-studied wild oat biotype (umi). a 2039-bp region encompassing the carboxybiotin and acetyl-coa binding domains of multifunctional plastidic accase was analyzed. dna sequences representing three plastidic accase ... | 2002 | 12502249 |
| synthesis and herbicidal activity of phenyl-substituted benzoylpyrazoles. | a novel series of substituted 3-phenyl benzoylpyrazoles were prepared and tested as potential grass herbicides. the targeted materials were prepared by three newly developed synthetic routes, which allowed a comprehensive study of the sar (structure-activity relationships) of this series. the best combination of grass weed activity (avena fatua l, setaria viridis (l) beauv and alopecurus myosuroides huds) and wheat selectivity was obtained with an alkoxy group in the 4-position of the phenyl rin ... | 2002 | 12476990 |
| transcripts of vp-1 homeologues are misspliced in modern wheat and ancestral species. | the maize (zea mays) viviparous 1 (vp1) transcription factor has been shown previously to be a major regulator of seed development, simultaneously activating embryo maturation and repressing germination. hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) caryopses are characterized by relatively weak embryo dormancy and are susceptible to preharvest sprouting (phs), a phenomenon that is phenotypically similar to the maize vp1 mutation. analysis of vp-1 transcript structure in wheat embryos during grain d ... | 2002 | 12119408 |
| two recessive gene inheritance for triallate resistance in avena fatua l. | extensive use of the preemergence herbicide triallate over the last three decades has selected for resistant (r) avena fatua l. populations in several areas of the united states and canada. r plants are also cross-resistant to the unrelated pyrazolium herbicide difenzoquat. we made reciprocal crosses between inbred r and susceptible (s) lines to determine the genetic basis of triallate resistance. seeds from parental lines and f(2) populations were treated with soil applications of 0.275, 0.55, ... | 2015 | 12011175 |
| pediatric eye injury due to avena fatua (wild oats). | we report on florid and unusual ophthalmic physical signs in three children where the trauma was caused by seeds from avena fatua, a grass common in western north america. | 2001 | 11673716 |
| a genetic model and molecular markers for wild oat (avena fatua l.) seed dormancy. | seed dormancy allows weed seeds to persist in agricultural soils. wild oat (avena fatua l.) is a major weed of cereal grains and expresses a range of seed dormancy phenotypes. genetic analysis of wild oat dormancy has been complicated by the difficulty of phenotypic classification in segregating populations. therefore, little is known about the nature of the genes that regulate dormancy in wild oat. the objectives of our studies were to develop methods to classify the germination responses of se ... | 1999 | 22665209 |
| genome structure and evolution in the allohexaploid weed avena fatua l. (poaceae). | allohexaploid wild oat, avena fatua l. (poaceae; 2n = 6x = 42), is one of the world's worst weeds, yet unlike some of the other avena hexaploids, its genomic structure has been relatively little researched. consequently, in situ hybridisation was carried out on one accession of a. fatua using an 18s-25s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequence and genomic dna from a. strigosa (aa-genome diploid) and a. clauda (cc-genome diploid) as probes. comparing these results with those for other hexaploids studied pre ... | 1999 | 10382298 |
| degradation of oat mrnas during seed development. | the genes av1, av10, and z1 encode proteins that accumulate during oat seed development. in developing endosperm of avena sativa (cultivated oat), av1, av10 and z1 mrnas reach maximal levels midway through seed development but fall to very low levels in mature seeds. similarly, mrnas for these proteins peak during endosperm development of avena fatua (wild oat) and are later degraded. however, during late maturation of a. fatua seeds, populations of mrna fragments shorter than the intact transcr ... | 1999 | 10350095 |
| genotype and environment interact to control dormancy and differential expression of the viviparous 1 homologue in embryos of avena fatua. | embryo dormancy is a reversible developmental state during which germination is repressed. in this study, inbred lines of avena fatua were used to analyse the influence of genotype and environment on the dormant phenotype, and on expression of the homologue of the maize transcription factor viviparous 1 (afvp 1). the cdna for afvp 1 was cloned from mature embryos. analysis of the predicted protein sequence revealed a high degree of similarity to other vp 1/abi 3-related transcription factors, in ... | 1997 | 9375401 |
| effects of co2 and nutrient enrichment on tissue quality of two california annuals. | the effects of co2 enrichment and soil nutrient status on tissue quality were investigated and related to the potential effect on growth and decomposition. two california annuals, avena fatua and plantago erecta, were grown at ambient and ambient plus 35 pa atmospheric co2 in nutrient unamended and amended serpentine soil. elevated co2 led to significantly increased avena shoot nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient amended treatment. it also led to decreased lignin concentrations in avena root ... | 1996 | 28307384 |
| transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of dormancy-associated gene expression by afterripening in wild oat. | to investigate whether the afterripening-induced changes in gene expression are at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level in wild oat (avena fatua) seeds, we chose four dormancy-associated genes to estimate their relative transcription activities and the stability of their corresponding transcripts in afterripened and dormant embryos. the transcription activities for those genes were 1.5 to 7 times higher in dormant embryos than in afterripened embryos 24 h after incubation, as determi ... | 1996 | 12226258 |
| cloning and characterization of differentially expressed genes in imbibed dormant and afterripened avena fatua embryos. | to analyze the patterns of gene expression associated with seed dormancy in wild oat (avena fatua), we have isolated cdna clones corresponding to genes that are differentially expressed in dormant and afterripened line m73 embryos. gene transcripts of these clones were maintained in embryos of imbibed dormant caryopses, but declined rapidly in afterripened embryos after imbibition. ga3 treatment of dormant caryopses, which breaks dormancy, could lower the transcript levels in dormant embryos. wh ... | 1995 | 8541507 |
| characterization of cdna clones for differentially expressed genes in embryos of dormant and nondormant avena fatua l. caryopses. | the molecular regulation of seed dormancy was investigated using differential display to visualize and isolate cdnas representing differentially expressed genes during early imbibition of dormant and nondormant avena fatua l. embryos. of about 3000 cdna bands examined, 5 cdnas hybridized with mrnas exhibiting dormancy-associated expression patterns during the first 48 h of inhibition, while many more nondormancy-associated cdnas were observed. dormancy-associated clone afd1 hybridized with a 1.5 ... | 1995 | 7787176 |
| contrasting leaf and 'ecosystem' co2 and h 2o exchange in avena fatua monoculture: growth at ambient and elevated co2. | elevated co2 (ambient + 35 pa) increased shoot dry mass production in avena fatua by ∼ 68% at maturity. this increase in shoot biomass was paralleled by an 81% increase in average net co2 uptake (a) per unit of leaf area and a 65% increase in average a at the 'ecosystem' level per unit of ground area. elevated co2 also increased 'ecosystem' a per unit of biomass. however, the products of total leaf area and light-saturated leaf a divided by the ground surface area over time appeared to lie on a ... | 1995 | 24306849 |
| cdna cloning of a tetraubiquitin gene, and expression of ubiquitin-containing transcripts, in aleurone layers of avena fatua. | a lambda gt 11 cdna library, constructed from poly(a)+ mrna isolated from avena fatua aleurone layers incubated with 1 microm gibberellin a1 (ga1) for 4 days, was screened with an anti-idiotypic antiserum raised against the ga-specific monoclonal antibody mac 182. one positive clone was isolated, sequenced and shown to encode a tetraubiquitin based on the deduced amino acid sequence. this polyubiquitin cdna exhibited a high degree of homology to a cloned wheat hexaubiquitin in its 3'-non-coding ... | 1992 | 1333296 |
| variation within flax (linum usitatissimum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) in response to allelopathic chemicals. | a possible method of manipulating allelopathy would be to develop crop varieties showing an increased tolerance to allelopathic chemicals. we therefore examined four flax (linum usitatissimum) varieties and two wild linum species in the presence of p-coumaric acid and four barley (hordeum vulgare) varieties in the presence of p-coumaric acid, scopoletin and wild oat (avena fatua) extract. analysis of variance indicates significant interaction between variety and treatment for shoot and root grow ... | 1992 | 24203208 |
| mycorrhizal infection of wild oats: maternal effects on offspring growth and reproduction. | the objective of this study was to determine whether infection of avena fatua l. plants by the mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices schenck & smith could influence the vigor of the offspring generation. two experiments demonstrated that mycorrhizal infection of the maternal generation had slight but persistent positive effects on offspring leaf expansion in the early stages of growth. in two other experiments, mycorrhizal infection of mother plants had several long lasting effects on their off ... | 1992 | 28313717 |
| gibberellin perception and the avena fatua aleurone: do our molecular keys fit the correct locks? | the plant hormones ga, aba, and auxin differ from the majority of animal hormones in that they are hydrophobic weak acids. they are soluble in the inter- and intra-cellular environments of plant tissues and their neutral species can cross the plasma membrane by passive diffusion. auxin transport is mediated by specific uptake and efflux carriers in plasma membranes, and there is some evidence for carrier-mediated uptake of ga and aba. because these plant hormones can cross the plasma membrane it ... | 1992 | 1321767 |
| species richness and selenium accumulation of plants in soils with elevated concentration of selenium and salinity. | field studies were conducted in soils with elevated concentrations of se and salinity at kesterson, california. biomass distribution, species richness, and selenium accumulation of plants were examined for two sites where 15 cm of surface soil was removed and replaced with fill dirt in the fall of 1989, and two sites were native soil cover. the se concentrations in the top 15 cm of fill dirt ranged from undetectable to 36 ng g-1. for the native soil sites, se levels ranged from 75 to 550 ng g-1. ... | 1991 | 1778114 |
| difference in hydroxamic acid content in roots and root exudates of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.): possible role in allelopathy. | hydroxamic acids (hx) produced by some cereal crops have been associated with allelopathy. however, the release of hx to the soil by the producing plant-an essential condition for a compound to be involved in allelopathy-has not been shown. gc and hplc analysis of roots and root exudates of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.) cultivars, with high hx levels in their leaves, demonstrated the presence of these compounds in the roots of all cultivars analyzed and in root exudate ... | 1991 | 24259166 |
| gibberellin perception at the plasma membrane of avena fatua aleurone protoplasts. | a functional assay for gibberellin (ga) receptors is described based on the induction of α-amylase gene expression in isolated aleurone protoplasts of avena fatua l. by ga4 immobilised to sepharose beads. a 17-thiol derivative of ga4, shown to be biologically active with aleurone protoplasts, has been coupled to epoxy-activated sepharose 6b. this ga4-17-sepharose induces high levels of α-amylase when incubated with isolated aleurone protoplasts, while cells of the intact aleurone layer do not re ... | 1991 | 24193631 |
| plant competition for light analyzed with a multispecies canopy model : iii. influence of canopy structure in mixtures and monocultures of wheat and wild oat. | a multispecies canopy photosynthesis simulation model was used to examine the importance of canopy structure in influencing light interception and carbon gain in mixed and pure stands of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and wild oat (avena fatua l.), a common weedy competitor of wheat. in the mixtures, the fraction of the simulated canopy photosynthesis contributed by wheat was found to decline during the growing season and this decline was closely related to reductions in the amount of leaf area in ... | 1990 | 28311483 |
| plant competition for light analyzed with a multispecies canopy model : ii. influence of photosynthetic characteristics on mixtures of wheat and wild oat. | the importance of photosynthetic characteristics such as quantum efficiency or carboxylation efficiency for carbon gain of plants competing for light in dense stands is dependent on several environmental factors and structural features of the canopy. a quantitative analysis of photosynthesis of competing plants in mixed stands of wheat and wild oat (avena fatua l.), a common weed of wheat, involved measuring photosynthetic parameters of individual leaves at different heights in the canopy throug ... | 1990 | 28312714 |
| plant competition for light analyzed with a multispecies canopy model : i. model development and influence of enhanced uv-b conditions on photosynthesis in mixed wheat and wild oat canopies. | competition for light among species in a mixed canopy can be assessed quantitatively by a simulation model which evaluates the importance of different morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of each species. a model was developed that simulates how the foliage of all species attenuate radiation in the canopy and how much radiation is received by foliage of each species. the model can account for different kinds of foliage (leaf blades, stems, etc.) for each species. the photosynthesis a ... | 1990 | 28312703 |
| gibberellin perception in the avena fatua aleurone. | gibberellins (gas) are a class of plant hormones involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. a useful model system for studying ga-action is the aleurone layer of cereal grain. in aleurone, ga induces a considerable increase in the rates of transcription of alpha-amylase genes, and this effect can be inhibited by another plant hormone abscisic acid. we anticipate that perception of ga by aleurone cells involves an interaction between the ligand and specific receptors and that thi ... | 1990 | 1966639 |
| role of mycorrhizal infection in the growth and reproduction of wild vs. cultivated plants : i. wild vs. cultivated oats. | we tested the hypothesis that mycorrhizal infection benefits wild plants to a lesser extent than cultivated plants. this hypothesis stems from two observations: (1) mycorrhizal infection improves plant growth primarily by increasing nutrient uptake, and (2) wild plants often possess special adaptations to soil infertility which are less pronounced in modern cultivated plants. in the first experiment, wild (avena fatua l.) and cultivated (a. sativa l.) oats were grown hydroponically at four diffe ... | 1988 | 28311275 |
| uptake and fate of ethephon ([2-chloroethyl]phosphonic acid) in dormant weed seeds. | although ethephon ([2-chloroethyl]phosphonic acid) is often used as a form of liquid ethylene in studies of seed germination, it is not known if ethylene evolved from ethephon in the seed is sufficient to elicit the desired response and/or if ethephon has a regulatory action that alone accounts for the response. for these reasons we studied the uptake and fate of [1,2-(14)c]ethephon in dormant seeds of avena fatua, sinapis arvensis, thlaspi arvense, and chenopodium album. the radioactivity withi ... | 1987 | 16665648 |
| hormonal regulation of alpha-amylase gene transcription in wild oat (avena fatua l.) aleurone protoplasts. | the time of appearance and relative amounts of alpha-amylase mrna in wild oat (avena fatua l.) aleurone protoplasts incubated with 1 micromolar gibberellin a(4) (ga(4)) were closely correlated with the amounts of alpha-amylase enzyme secreted by the protoplasts. in the absence of ga(4), or when protoplasts were incubated with 25 micromolar abscisic acid (aba) together with 1 micromolar ga(4) no alpha-amylase mrna was detected and only very low levels of alpha-amylase were secreted. nuclei were i ... | 1986 | 16664643 |
| gibberellic acid controls specific acid-phosphatase isozymes in aleurone cells and protoplasts of avena fatua l. | in the presence of gibberellic acid (ga3) aleurone layers and isolated aleurone protoplasts of avena fatua accumulate specific isozymes of acid phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.2). some of these may be involved in mobilizing aleurone-grain phosphate reserves during germination. the hormone also controls secretion of other specific molecular forms of the enzyme that probably assist in endosperm hydrolysis. the accumulation and secretion of putative cell-wall-associated isozymes are stimulated by the action ... | 1984 | 24253725 |
| allelopathic potential of wild oat (avena fatua) on spring wheat (triticum aestivum) growth. | wild oat plants may produce toxic substances that suppress the growth and development of desirable species, thus accounting for severe yield loss in infested fields. the purpose of this study was to determine the allelopathic potential of wild oat (avena fatua) on the growth of spring wheat (triticum aestivum var. fieldwin) in the absence of plant competition. wild oat and spring wheat plants were grown separately in 250-ml beakers in a sand medium. root exudates were extracted from wild oat med ... | 1983 | 24407814 |
| role of endogenous growth regulators in seed dormancy of avena fatua: i. short chain fatty acids. | the hypothesis that endogenous short chain fatty acids (c 6-c 10) are important in maintaining seeds of wild oat (avena fatua l.) in the dormant state by acting as natural germination inhibitors (berrie, buller, don, parker, 1979 plant physiol 63: 758-764) was investigated. when germination of nondormant seeds was inhibited by treatment with short chain fatty acids, the seeds did not revert to a similar biochemical and physiological state as exhibited by dormant seeds. first, nonanoic acid-induc ... | 1982 | 16662702 |
| protoplasts isolated from aleurone layers of wild oat (avena fatua l.) exhibit the classic response to gibberellic acid. | viable, long-lived, gibberellic acid (ga3)-responsive protoplasts have, for the first time, been isolated from aleurone layers of mature wild oat (avena fatua l.) grain. more than 90% of the cells of aleurone layers are recovered as protoplasts, and these respond to treatment with ga3 in essentially the same manner as the tissue from which they were derived. protoplasts become vacuolate during incubation in vitro and, although not dependent upon ga3, vacuolation is markedly stimulated by the hor ... | 1982 | 24275914 |
| studies in wild oat seed dormancy: ii. activities of pentose phosphate pathway dehydrogenases. | a selected strain of wild oat (avena fatua l.) seed has been shown to lose dormancy rapidly during moist soil incubation at 25 c, whereas seed kept similarly at 5 c maintained a high level of dormancy.the activities of cytosolic dehydrogenase enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway were assayed throughout a period of moist soil incubation at these two temperatures. a distinction was made between extractable dehydrogenases from the embryo and the endosperm regions of the caryopsis.dehydrogenase ... | 1981 | 16661860 |
| studies in wild oat seed dormancy: i. the role of ethylene in dormancy breakage and germination of wild oat seeds (avena fatua l.). | seed of avena fatua were shown to exhibit a characteristic loss of dormancy during dry storage at 25 c, whereas similar seed stored at 5 c maintained dormancy. 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid was shown to increase germination of partly dormant seed imbibed under certain temperature regimes; a similar effect could not be established for fully dormant or fully nondormant seed. using gas-liquid chromatography, natural ethylene levels were followed during imbibition of fully dormant and nondormant seed ... | 1981 | 16661675 |
| possible role of volatile fatty acids and abscisic acid in the dormancy of oats. | species of avena differ markedly in their levels of pre- and post-harvest dormancy. these species offer the opportunity of determining if dormancy is related to the endogenous level of growth inhibitor. germinability in two species of differing levels of dormancy, common oat avena sativa l., and wild oat avena fatua l. was assessed as were the contents of abscisic acid and volatile fatty acids of chain length c(6)-c(10). in a. sativa which did not possess postharvest dormancy there was no correl ... | 1979 | 16660807 |
| the effect of rodent seed predation on four species of california annual grasses. | the effect of seed predation by microtus californicus and mus musculus on plant numbers of four species of california annual grasses was investigated for one year period on a grassland near davis, california. in winter, mice utilized dead star thistle plants for cover when grasses in open areas were short, but moved into open areas when grass grew tall in spring.using exclosures and plots sown with known quantities of seed, it was estimated that a mouse population (approximate density 120/acre) ... | 1978 | 28309269 |
| membrane turnover in imbibed dormant embryos of the wild oat (avena fatua l.) : ii. phospholipid turnover and membrane replacement. | germinating non-dormant (nd) embryos of wild oat incorporate [(3)h]glycerol into phospholipid, and a 250% increase in total extractable phospholipid occurs within 72 h. during germination, leveles of phosphatidyl inositol showed the greatest change, increasing approximately 5-fold.imbibed dormant (d) embryos of the wild oat also incorporate [(3)h]gycerol into phospholipids, but there is no net synthesis. a continuous turnover of membrane phospholipids could be demonstrated in pulse chase experim ... | 1978 | 24414263 |
| membrene turnover in imbibed and dormant embryos of the wild oat (avena fatua l.) : i. protein turnover and membrane replacement. | a comparative study of protein synthesis has been carried out with embryos excised from dormant (d) and non-dormant (nd) caryopses of the wild oat. although d embryos imbibed in water or nd embryos imbibed in abscisic acid do not germinate, they incorporate [(14)c]leucine into tca-insoluble material for the first 48 h as readily as embryos that do germinate (nd embryos imbibed in water, or d embryos imbibed in gibberellic acid). pulsechase experiments with [(14)]leucine show that in both d and n ... | 1978 | 24414262 |
| studies on optically active pesticides, i synthesis and herbicidal activity of d(+) and 1(-) methyl-2-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-propionate. | d(+) and 1(-) methyl-2-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-propionate (common name chlorfenprop-methyl; trade mark bidisin) were prepared and their herbicidal activities studied on avena fatua l. and avena sativa l. ("flämingskrone"). the 1(-) enantiomer was found to be twice as active as the racemate; the d(+) form almost inactive. | 2016 | 134566 |
| population biology of avena : iv. polymorphism in small populations of avena fatua. | the population structure of wild oats (avena fatua) sampled in two prune orchards was described using wright's model of a population having many largely isolated, small subdivisions. a high degree of genetic differentiation was observed among the individual colonies for lemma color, leaf sheath hairiness and isoenzymatic loci. estimates of genotypic frequencies and population sizes over a two-year period suggested that random drift played an important role in the population changes toward a high ... | 1974 | 24425310 |