| camelliasaponins b1, b2, c1 and c2, new type inhibitors of ethanol absorption in rats from the seeds of camellia japonica l. | new type inhibitors of ethanol absorption, camelliasaponins b1, b2, c1 and c2, were isolated from the seeds of camellia japonica l. the structures of camelliasaponins were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. the inhibitory effect of camelliasaponins and related saponins on ethanol absorption have been examined, and it was found that the triterpene oligoglycoside structure having an acyl group was essential to exerting the activity. | 1994 | 8004726 |
| camelliatannin d, a new inhibitor of bone resorption, from camellia japonica. | camelliatannin d (1), a new complex tannin which inhibits ca release from mouse calvaria, was isolated from the leaves and fruits of camellia japonica l. (theaceae). this tannin is the first example of complex tannin composed of a dimeric hydrolyzable tannin and a flavan-3-ol. | 1995 | 8575042 |
| bioactive saponins and glycosides. v. acylated polyhydroxyolean-12-ene triterpene oligoglycosides, camelliasaponins a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2, from the seeds of camellia japonica l.: structures and inhibitory activity on alcohol absorption. | acylated polyhydroxyolean-12-ene triterpene oligoglycosides, camelliasaponins a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2, were isolated from the seeds of camellia japonica l. the structures of six camelliasaponins were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. camelliasaponins b1, b2, c1, and c2 were found to exhibit inhibitory activity on ethanol absorption. by comparison of the inhibitory activities for camelliasaponins with those for desacyl-camelliasaponins, acyl groups such as the a ... | 1996 | 8904817 |
| development and characterization of microsatellite markers in camellia japonica l. | | 1999 | 10065549 |
| genetic structure of camellia japonica l. in an old-growth evergreen forest, tsushima, japan. | the spatial genetic structure of camellia japonica was investigated, using microsatellite markers, in a 4-ha permanent plot within an old-growth forest. spatial distribution of individuals was also assessed to obtain an insight into spatial relationships between individuals and alleles. morisita's index of dispersion showed that 518 c. japonica individuals in the plot were clumped, and moran's i spatial autocorrelation coefficient revealed weak genetic structure, indicating a low level of allele ... | 2000 | 10849281 |
| antibacterial activity in extracts of camellia japonica l. petals and its application to a model food system. | the potential presence of naturally occurring antimicrobials in petals of camellia japonica l., a member of the tea family, was investigated against foodborne pathogens in microbiological media and food. petals of the camellia flower (c. japonica l.) were extracted with methanol and fractionated into basic, acidic, and neutral fractions. the acidic fraction (equivalent to 1.0 g of raw sample per disk) produced an inhibitory zone of 14 to 19 mm (diameter) in a disk assay against the pathogens sal ... | 2001 | 11510672 |
| size-class differences in genetic structure and individual distribution of camellia japonica l. in a japanese old-growth evergreen forest. | size-class differences in genetic structure and individual spatial distribution were investigated for camellia japonica within a 1-ha plot in a japanese old-growth evergreen forest using microsatellite markers. three size-classes were considered containing plants that were: 30-32.5 cm tall, 103.8 cm-200 cm tall and those that had a diameter at breast height > or =5 cm, designated jv1, jv2, and adl, respectively. each size-class contained 174 individuals. morisita's index of dispersion indicated ... | 2002 | 12136414 |
| inhibitory effects of korean medicinal plants and camelliatannin h from camellia japonica on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. | to identify substances with anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) activity in traditional medicines, 101 extracts of korean medicinal plants were screened for their inhibitory effects on hiv type 1 protease (pr). the enzyme activity was determined by hplc. of the extracts tested, strong inhibitory effects were observed in the acetone extracts of the pericarp and leaves of camellia japonica, the water extract of the leaves of sageretia theezans and the methanol extract of the aerial part of sop ... | 2002 | 12203260 |
| cyclooctadepsipeptides--an anthelmintically active class of compounds exhibiting a novel mode of action. | there are three major classes of anthelmintics for veterinary use: the benzimidazoles/prebenzimidazoles, the tetrahydropyrimidines/imidazothiazoles, and the macrocyclic lactones. in nematodes, there are five targets for the existing anthelmintics: the nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor which is the target of tetrahydropyrimidines/imidazothiazoles and indirectly that of the acetylcholineesterase inhibitors; the gaba receptor which is the target of piperazine, the glutamate-gated chloride channel ... | 2003 | 13678839 |
| 3-epicabraleahydroxylactone and other triterpenoids from camellia oil and their inhibitory effects on epstein-barr virus activation. | the structure of a triterpenoid isolated from the nonsaponifiable lipid (nsl) of the seed oil of the camellia (camellia japonica l.; theaceae) was established to be (20s)-3beta-hydroxy-25,26,27-trisnordammaran-24,20-olide (1; 3-epicabraleahydroxylactone) on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. six other triterpenoids isolated from the nsl were identified as 3-epicabraleadiol (2), ocotillol ii (3), ocotillol i (4), dammarenediol ii (5), (20r)-taraxastane-3beta,20-diol (6), and lupane- ... | 2004 | 14709887 |
| hydraulic conductivity, photosynthesis and leaf water balance in six evergreen woody species from fall to winter. | to confirm that freeze-thaw embolism is a primary stress for evergreen woody species in winter, hydraulic conductivity, photosynthesis and leaf water potential were measured during fall and winter in trees growing in a cool temperate zone (nikko) and in a warm temperate zone (tokyo). we examined two evergreen conifers that naturally occur in the cool temperate zone (abies firma siebold & zucc. and abies homolepis siebold & zucc.), and four evergreen broad-leaved woody species that are restricted ... | 2005 | 15631978 |
| mechanisms of action of emodepside. | the research of the class of cyclic octadepsipeptides started at the beginning of the 1990s. pf1022a, the starting material of emodepside, is a natural secondary metabolite of the fungus mycelia sterilia, which belongs to the microflora of the leaves of camellia japonica. pf1022a consists of four n-methyl-l-leucins, two d-iactic acids and two d-phenyllactic acids, which build up a cyclic octadepsipeptide with an alternating l-d-l-configuration. emodepside is a semisynthetic derivative of pf1022a ... | 2005 | 16228263 |
| influence of the cyclooctadepsipeptides pf1022a and pf1022e as natural products on the design of semi-synthetic anthelmintics such as emodepside. | the 24-membered cyclooctadepsipeptide (codp) pf1022a, the active metabolite of the fungus imperfectus mycelia sterilia (rosellinia sp.) isolated from the plant camellia japonica in japan, is described as a powerful broad-spectrum anthelmintic natural product with low toxicity in animals. further codps such as pf1022b, c, d and e have been isolated from the same culture and their structures have been established. both pf1022a and pf1022e serve as valuable starting materials for the synthesis of s ... | 2005 | 16228266 |
| physiological basis of seasonal trend in leaf photosynthesis of five evergreen broad-leaved species in a temperate deciduous forest. | the physiological basis of photosynthesis during winter was investigated in saplings of five evergreen broad-leaved species (camellia japonica l., cleyera japonica thunb., photinia glabra (thunb.) maxim., castanopsis cuspidata (thunb.) schottky and quercus glauca thunb.) co-occurring under deciduous canopy trees in a temperate forest. we focused on temperature dependence of photosynthetic rate and capacity as important physiological parameters that determine light-saturated rates of net photosyn ... | 2006 | 16356922 |
| imbalance of predator and prey armament: geographic clines in phenotypic interface and natural selection. | the escalation of defensive/offensive arms is ubiquitous in prey-predator evolutionary interactions. however, there may be a geographically varying imbalance in the armaments of participating species that affects the outcome of local interactions. in a system involving the japanese camellia (camellia japonica) and its obligate seed predator, the camellia weevil (curculio camelliae), we investigated the geographic variation in physical defensive/offensive traits and that in natural selection on t ... | 2006 | 16475103 |
| effects of canopy gaps on the genetic structure of camellia japonica saplings in a japanese old-growth evergreen forest. | the genetic structure of camellia japonica saplings was investigated in relation to canopy conditions in an old-growth evergreen forest in tsushima, japan. to elucidate effects of canopy gaps on genetic structure, a 1 ha study site was divided into 20 x 20 m quadrats, which were classified into a gap quadrats (gap), closed canopy quadrats (cls) and mixed quadrats. five gap quadrats and six cls quadrats were analyzed separately. isolation-by-distance was tested by examining the correlation betwee ... | 2006 | 16570095 |
| phylogeography and the geographic cline in the armament of a seed-predatory weevil: effects of historical events vs. natural selection from the host plant. | japanese camellia (camellia japonica) and its seed predator, the camellia weevil (curculio camelliae), provide a notable example of a geographic mosaic of coevolution. in the species interaction, the offensive trait of the weevil (rostrum length) and the defensive trait of the plant (pericarp thickness) are involved in a geographically-structured arms race, and these traits and selective pressures acting on the plant defence vary greatly across a geographical landscape. to further explore the ge ... | 2006 | 17054510 |
| inhibitory effects of natural plants of jeju island on elastase and mmp-1 expression. | in order to search for new active cosmetic ingredients of natural origin, we screened about 60 plants collected from jeju island, which is located in the southernmost part of the republic of korea. we investigated their free radical scavenging activity, elastase inhibition activity, and reduction of mmp-1 mrna expression for the development of anti-aging ingredients as raw materials for use in cosmetics. in the free radical scavenging capacity assay, 12 extracts, including typha orientalis (seed ... | 2007 | 17342265 |
| effect of camellia japonica oil on human type i procollagen production and skin barrier function. | type i collagen is the primary component of the skin dermis. both the quantity and quality of extracellular collagen are primarily related to skin ageing. in this study, we investigated the possibility that camellia japonica oil (cj oil) may be introduced as an anit-wrinkle agent. as a first step to this end, human col1a2 promoter luciferase assay was performed in human dermal fibroblast cells. cj oil was determined to activate human col1a2 promoter in a concentration-dependent manner. in consis ... | 2007 | 17386986 |
| medicinal flowers. xv. the structures of noroleanane- and oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides with gastroprotective and platelet aggregation activities from flower buds of camellia japonica. | the methanolic extract from the flowers buds of camellia japonica l. (theaceae) were found to exhibit potent inhibitory activities on ethanol- or indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. through bioassay-guided separation, 28-noroleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, camelliosides a, b, and c, and an oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, camellioside d, were isolated from the methanolic extract together with five known compounds. the absolute stereostructures of camelliosides ... | 2007 | 17409556 |
| interpopulation variation in predator foraging behaviour promotes the evolutionary divergence of prey. | despite intensive investigation of the role of predation on evolutionary processes, few studies have questioned the possibility of the evolutionary divergence of prey populations in response to interpopulation variation in predator foraging behaviour. in an interaction between a seed-predatory insect, the camellia weevil (curculio camelliae), and its host plant, the japanese camellia (camellia japonica), i tested whether the evolutionary differentiation of the plant's defensive trait, pericarp t ... | 2007 | 17584247 |
| camellia japonica suppresses immunoglobulin e-mediated allergic response by the inhibition of syk kinase activation in mast cells. | novel approaches are being explored to develop new therapies for various allergic diseases. complementary and alternative medicines are considered to be promising avenues for the development of such new therapies. | 2008 | 18261158 |
| endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungi of camellia japonica: seasonal and leaf age-dependent variations. | seasonal and leaf age-dependent variations in the endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungal assemblages of camellia japonica were examined and compared. live leaves of c. japonica were collected in four seasons (may, aug, nov, feb), and fungi were isolated from healthy-looking leaves of 0, 1, 2 and 3 y old. the infection rate and total number of endophytic fungi increased may-feb, and species richness of endophytes increased as leaves aged. in contrast the infection rate of epiphytic fungi wa ... | 2008 | 18751546 |
| [study on the theraputic effect of plants of camellia genus on osteoporosis]. | to observe anti-osteoporotic effect of plants of camelia genus induced by retinoic acid in rats, in adqulis crude drug dosage, and to compare activities of them. | 2008 | 19230411 |
| descriptions of meloidogyne camelliae n.sp. and m. querciana n.sp (nematoda:meloidogynidae), with sem and host-range observations. | meloidogyne camelliae n.sp. on camellia (camellia japonica) from japan and m. querciana n.sp. on pin oak (quercus palustris) from virginia, usa, are described and illustrated. m. camelliae n.sp. is distingnishable from other species of the genus especially by its striking perineal pattern having heavy ropelike striae forming a squarish to rectangular outline with shoulders or projections, appearing sometimes ahnost starlike. m. querciana differs from other species by its characteristic perineal ... | 1979 | 19305554 |
| natural selection drives the fine-scale divergence of a coevolutionary arms race involving a long-mouthed weevil and its obligate host plant. | one of the major recent advances in evolutionary biology is the recognition that evolutionary interactions between species are substantially differentiated among geographic populations. to date, several authors have revealed natural selection pressures mediating the geographically-divergent processes of coevolution. how local, then, is the geographic structuring of natural selection in coevolutionary systems? | 2009 | 19941669 |
| changes in the distribution of south korean forest vegetation simulated using thermal gradient indices. | to predict changes in south korean vegetation distribution, the warmth index (wi) and the minimum temperature of the coldest month index (mtci) were used. historical climate data of the past 30 years, from 1971 to 2000, was obtained from the korea meteorological administration. the fifth-generation national center for atmospheric research (ncar) /penn state mesoscale model (mm5) was used as a source for future climatic data under the a1b scenario from the special report on emission scenario (sre ... | 2010 | 20697868 |
| okicamelliaside, an extraordinarily potent anti-degranulation glucoside isolated from leaves of camellia japonica. | guided by anti-degranulation assays, we isolated from leaves of camellia japonica an ellagic acid glucoside named okicamelliaside. the structure was elucidated as 3,4-dioxoloellagic acid 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranoside by spectroscopic and chemical methods. okicamelliaside was 12,000 times more potent than the antihistaminic drug, ketotifen fumarate, in inhibiting the degranulation of rbl-2h3 cells. | 2010 | 21150097 |
| antioxidant effects of the ethanol extract from flower of camellia japonica via scavenging of reactive oxygen species and induction of antioxidant enzymes. | the aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract of the flower of camellia japonica (camellia extract). camellia extract exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ros) scavenging activity in human hacat keratinocytes. in addition, camellia extract scavenged superoxide anion generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase and hydroxyl radical generated by the fenton reaction (feso(4) + h(2)o(2)) in a cell-free syste ... | 2011 | 21731461 |
| light acclimation potential and carry-over effects vary among three evergreen tree species with contrasting patterns of leaf emergence and maturation. | we compared light acclimation potential among three evergreen broadleaved species with contrasting patterns of shoot elongation, leaf emergence and leaf maturation. understory saplings were transferred to a high-light environment before bud break, grown for 13 months, and then transferred back to the understory to observe subsequent carry-over effects. acclimation potential was highest and sapling mortality was lowest for cinnamomum japonicum sieb. ex nakai. indeterminate growth and successive l ... | 2011 | 21868403 |
| camelliin b and nobotanin i, macrocyclic ellagitannin dimers and related dimers, and their antitumor activity. | camelliin b and nobotanin i, dimeric hydrolyzable tannins of a new class having macrocyclic structures, were isolated from camellia japonica and heterocentron roseum, respectively. nobotanin g and h of the structures related to nobotanin i, were also obtained from h. roseum. camelliin b and also woodfordin c, a macrocyclic dimer from woodfordia fruticosa, exhibited marked host-mediated antitumor activities. | 2008 | 2632067 |
| identification of a novel hedycaryol synthase gene isolated from camellia brevistyla flowers and floral scent of camellia cultivars. | a novel terpene synthase (tps) gene isolated from camellia brevistyla was identified as hedycaryol synthase, which was shown to be expressed specifically in flowers. camellia plants are very popular because they bloom in winter when other plants seldom flower. many ornamental cultivars of camellia have been bred mainly in japan, although the fragrance of their flowers has not been studied extensively. we analyzed floral scents of several camellia cultivars by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ... | 2016 | 26744017 |
| effects of flavonoid-rich plant extracts on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis, microbial populations and fermentation characteristics. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of flavonoid-rich plant extracts (pe) on ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emission by studying their effectiveness for methanogenesis in the rumen. a fistulated holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. the pe (punica granatum, betula schmidtii, ginkgo biloba, camellia japonica, and cudrania tricuspidata) known to have high concentrations of flavonoid were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with rume ... | 2015 | 25656200 |
| oleanane triterpenes from the flowers of camellia japonica inhibit porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) replication. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infections have resulted in a severe economic loss in the swine industry in many countries due to no effective treatment approach. fifteen oleanane triterpenes (1-15), including nine new ones (1-4 and 10-14), were isolated from the flowers of camellia japonica, and their molecular structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. these compounds were evaluated for their antiviral activity against pedv replication, and the structure-activity rel ... | 2015 | 25568928 |
| [activity patterns and foraging behavior of apis cerana cerana in the urban gardens in winter]. | bees and other pollinating insects are the important parts of biodiversity due to their great role in plant reproduction and crop production. to explore the role of city garden in native bees conservation, activity patterns, visiting behaviors and flowering plants with nectar or pollen were recorded in south sichuan in winter. the results showed that, worker bees (apis cerana cerana) were active to collect food out hive under suitable weather conditions, the duration of working was long. peaks o ... | 2016 | 27228619 |
| sclereids are strong enough to support the delicate corollas: experimental and computational data evidence from camellia sinensis (l.). | sclereids are a fundamental cell type that widely exist in higher plants and are generally thought to have a mechanical function. however, the occurrence of sclereids in the ephemeral corolla has rarely been documented and their biological significance is poorly understood. in this study, flower buds from camellia sinensis at various ontogenetic stages were sampled, cleared, sectioned, stained, and examined using light microscopy to ascertain the morphology and distribution of sclereids and thei ... | 2017 | 28252101 |
| anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of camellia japonica on human corneal epithelial cells and experimental dry eye: in vivo and in vitro study. | to analyze the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of camellia japonica (cj) on human corneal epithelial (hce) cells and its therapeutic effects in a mouse model of experimental dry eye (ede). | 2017 | 28245300 |
| genetic relationships in a germplasm collection of camellia japonica and camellia oleifera using ssr analysis. | camellia japonica produces different color and bigger flowers, widely being used for gardening green in southern china. however, cultivars were introduced from different regions, but their origin and pedigree information is either not available poorly documented, causing problems in authentication. many low-yield trees in camellia oleifera forests have been used as stocks for grafting c. japonica. however, the survival rate of grafts between these two species is related to genetic relationship b ... | 2017 | 28218787 |
| characteristics of green-blue fluorescence generated from the adaxial sides of leaves of tree species. | we discovered that some tree species have leaves whose adaxial sides show bright green-blue fluorescence upon exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. in total, 141 native japanese species belonging to 47 families were analyzed, and the brightness of the leaf fluorescence, represented by the l* values (lab color space) of the pictures, was evaluated. the species possessing the brightest fluorescent leaves, with l* > 50, were camellia japonica, camellia sasanqua, and cleyera japonica of theaceae, osm ... | 2017 | 28091760 |
| rna-seq based transcriptomic analysis uncovers α-linolenic acid and jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathways respond to cold acclimation in camellia japonica. | camellia is a well-known ornamental flower native to southeast of asia, including regions such as japan, korea and south china. however, most species in the genus camellia are cold sensitive. to elucidate the cold stress responses in camellia plants, we carried out deep transcriptome sequencing of 'jiangxue', a cold-tolerant cultivar of camellia japonica, and approximately 1,006 million clean reads were generated using illumina sequencing technology. the assembly of the clean reads produced 367, ... | 2016 | 27819341 |
| responsive surface methodology optimizes extraction conditions of industrial by-products, camellia japonica seed cake. | the central nervous system is easily damaged by oxidative stress due to high oxygen consumption and poor defensive capacity. hence, multiple studies have demonstrated that inhibiting oxidative stress-induced damage, through an antioxidant-rich diet, might be a reasonable approach to prevent neurodegenerative disease. | 2017 | 27601847 |
| genetic variation of flavonols quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol in the sri lankan tea (camellia sinensis l.) and their health-promoting aspects. | flavonol glycosides in tea leaves have been quantified as aglycones, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol. occurrence of the said compounds was reported in fruits and vegetable for a long time in association with the antioxidant potential. however, data on flavonols in tea were scanty and, hence, this study aims to envisage the flavonol content in a representative pool of accessions present in the sri lankan tea germplasm. significant amounts of myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol have been det ... | 2016 | 27366737 |
| antiatherogenic effect of camellia japonica fruit extract in high fat diet-fed rats. | hypercholesterolemia is a well-known etiological factor for cardiovascular disease and a common symptom of most types of metabolic disorders. camellia japonica is a traditional garden plant, and its flower and seed have been used as a base oil of traditional cosmetics in east asia. the present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of c. japonica fruit extracts (cjf) in a high fat diet- (hfd-) induced hypercholesterolemic rat model. cjf was administered orally at three different doses: 100 ... | 2016 | 27340422 |
| physiological influence of silica on germinating pollen as shown by raman spectroscopy. | the process of silicification in plants and the biochemical effects of silica in plant tissues are largely unknown. to study the molecular changes occurring in growing cells that are exposed to higher than normal concentration of silicic acid, raman spectra of germinating pollen grains of three species (pinus nigra, picea omorika, and camellia japonica) were analyzed in a multivariate classification approach that takes into account the variation of biochemical composition due to species, plant t ... | 2017 | 27174545 |
| vascular protective effect of an ethanol extract of camellia japonica fruit: endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary artery and reduction of smooth muscle cell migration. | camellia japonica is a popular garden plant in asia and widely used as cosmetic sources and traditional medicine. however, the possibility that c. japonica affects cardiovascular system remains unclear. the aim of the present study was to evaluate vascular effects of an extract of c. japonica. vascular reactivity was assessed in organ baths using porcine coronary arteries and inhibition of proliferation and migration were assessed using human vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs). all four differ ... | 2015 | 26697138 |
| cold treatment breaks dormancy but jeopardizes flower quality in camellia japonica l. | camellia japonica l. is an evergreen shrub whose cultivars are of great ornamental value. in autumn, after flower bud differentiation, dormancy is initiated. as in many other spring flowering woody ornamentals, winter low temperatures promote dormancy release of both flower and vegetative buds. however, warm spells during late autumn and winter can lead to unfulfilled chilling requirements leading to erratic and delayed flowering. we hypothesized that storing plants at no light and low temperatu ... | 2015 | 26617623 |
| next-generation sequencing reveals differentially amplified tandem repeats as a major genome component of northern europe's oldest camellia japonica. | northern europe's oldest and largest camellia japonica growing at the pillnitz castle (germany) for over 200 years is of botanical and cultural importance and is a reference for c. japonica molecular scale analysis. in order to provide a fundament for genome analysis of the genus camellia, we characterize the c. japonica tandem repeat fraction, constituting 12.5 % of the pillnitz camellia's genome. a genomic library of the pillnitz c. japonica was produced and illumina sequenced to generate 36 g ... | 2015 | 26582634 |
| development and cross-species transferability of unigene-derived microsatellite markers in an edible oil woody plant, camellia oleifera (theaceae). | camellia oleifera is an important edible oil woody plant in china. lack of useful molecular markers hinders current genetic research on this tree species. transcriptome sequencing of developing c. oleifera seeds generated 69,798 unigenes. a total of 6949 putative microsatellites were discovered among 6042 ssr-containing unigenes. then, 150 simple sequence repeats (ssrs) were evaluated in 20 varieties of c. oleifera. of these, 52 ssrs revealed polymorphism, with the number of alleles per locus ra ... | 2015 | 26125898 |
| fluoride bioaccumulation by hydroponic cultures of camellia (camellia japonica spp.) and sugar cane (saccharum officinarum spp.). | the ability of hydroponic cultures of camellia and sugar cane adult plants to remove fluoride was investigated. plants were grown in a 50% steiner nutrient solution. after an adaptation period to hydroponic conditions, plants were exposed to different fluoride concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg l(-1)). fluoride concentration in the culture medium and in tissues was measured. in sugar cane, fluoride was mainly located in roots, with 86% of it absorbed and 14% adsorbed. sugar cane plants removed ... | 2015 | 25930125 |
| distinct double flower varieties in camellia japonica exhibit both expansion and contraction of c-class gene expression. | double flower domestication is of great value in ornamental plants and presents an excellent system to study the mechanism of morphological alterations by human selection. the classic abc model provides a genetic framework underlying the control of floral organ identity and organogenesis from which key regulators have been identified and evaluated in many plant species. recent molecular studies have underscored the importance of c-class homeotic genes, whose functional attenuation contributed to ... | 2014 | 25344122 |
| edaphic factors trigger diverse am fungal communities associated to exotic camellias in closely located lake maggiore (italy) sites. | camellia japonica l. is an acidophilic ornamental shrub of high economic value that has its center of origin in japan and has been introduced in several european environmental niches. this exotic species forms arbuscular mycorrhizas (am), known for their ability to positively affect plant growth. however, am fungal communities associated to c. japonica in the field have never been characterized. for the first time, the am fungal community naturally selected by c. japonica was screened in three s ... | 2015 | 25253200 |
| anti-photoaging capability of antioxidant extract from camellia japonica leaf. | it is well known that the camellia japonica leaf exhibits antioxidant activity because of its high content of polyphenolic compounds. thus, the extract prepared from mature leaves of c. japonica (cjml) has been widely used as an anti-ageing material in foods and cosmetics. concerning the process of growing c. japonica, it is expected that the extract from green leaves (cjgl) has superior effects compared with that from mature leaves. however, there are few reports that discuss the difference bet ... | 2014 | 25234832 |
| an optimized extraction technique for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from the camellia japonica seed cake by using response surface methodology. | the response surface methodology (rsm) was used to optimize the extraction conditions for the acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitory activity and extraction yield from camellia japonica seed cake. predicted values for ache inhibition and extraction yield were 19.41 and 13.35%, respectively, which are in good agreement with the experimental values from validation, suggesting that rsm may provide a useful tool to optimization processes. | 2014 | 25229864 |
| oleanane triterpenes as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp1b) inhibitors from camellia japonica. | protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp1b) plays a key role in metabolic signaling, thereby making it an exciting drug target for type 2 diabetes and obesity. besides, there is substantial evidence that shows its overexpression is involved in breast cancer, which suggests that selective ptp1b inhibition might be effective in breast cancer treatment. as part of our continuous research on ptp1b inhibitors from medicinal plants, four oleanane-type triterpenes were isolated from an etoac-soluble extrac ... | 2014 | 24815008 |
| lab-on-a-chip for studying growing pollen tubes. | a major limitation in the study of pollen tube growth has been the difficulty in providing an in vitro testing microenvironment that physically resembles the in vivo conditions. here we describe the development of a lab-on-a-chip (loc) for the manipulation and experimental testing of individual pollen tubes. the design was specifically tailored to pollen tubes from camellia japonica, but it can be easily adapted for any other species. the platform is fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) u ... | 2014 | 24132434 |
| assessment of the fungal diversity and succession of ligninolytic endophytes in camellia japonica leaves using clone library analysis. | fungal assemblages in live, newly shed and partly decomposed leaves of camellia japonica were investigated with a clone library analysis to assess the fungal diversity and succession in a subtropical forest in southern japan. partly decomposed leaves were divided into bleached and adjacent nonbleached portions to estimate the fungi functionally associated with lignin decomposition in the bleached portions, with an emphasis on coccomyces sinensis (rhytismataceae, ascomycota). from 144 cloned 28s ... | 2013 | 23709486 |
| hypotriglyceridemic potential of fermented mixed tea made with third-crop green tea leaves and camellia (camellia japonica) leaves in sprague-dawley rats. | fermented mixed tea made with third-crop green tea leaves and camellia leaves by a tea-rolling process has been developed. the objective of this study was to investigate hypotriglyceridemic potential of the mixed tea in rats. the mixed tea contained theasinensins and theaflavins. rats fed the mixed tea extract at the level of 1% exerted significantly lower body weight and adipose tissue weight compared to animals fed third-crop green tea or camellia tea extract alone for 4 weeks. serum and hepat ... | 2013 | 23705670 |
| resilient plant-bird interactions in a volcanic island ecosystem: pollination of japanese camellia mediated by the japanese white-eye. | observations of interspecies interactions during volcanic activity provide important opportunities to study how organisms respond to environmental devastation. japanese camellia (camellia japonica l.) and its main avian pollinator, the japanese white-eye (zosterops japonica), offer an excellent example of such an interaction as key members of the biotic community on miyake-jima, which erupted in 2000 and continues to emit volcanic gases. both species exhibit higher resistance to volcanic damage ... | 2013 | 23646136 |
| chemical taxonomy of red-flowered wild camellia species based on floral anthocyanins. | this study uses anthocyanins in the red flowers of section camellia as taxonomic markers to investigate the phenetic relationships among 33 wild species from china, taiwan, and japan. the 25 anthocyanins from section camellia produced 38 pigment patterns that serve as phenetic markers. principal component analysis (pca) indicated that the attachment of one or two glucoses to the cyanidin-core structure at the 3- or the 3- and 5-positions, respectively, was the most influential pattern against th ... | 2013 | 23122772 |
| stereospecific positional distribution of fatty acids of camellia (camellia japonica l.) seed oil. | the stereospecific positional distribution of fatty acids of camellia seed oil (also called camellia oil) was determined. the camellia oil was mainly composed of neutral lipids (88.2%), and the oleic acid (86.3%) was found to be a major fatty acid of neutral lipids. in the glycolipids and phospholipids, the oleic acid was also found to be a major fatty acid at 62.5% and 54.2%, respectively. the oleic acid was distributed abundantly in all sn-1, 2, and 3 positions. it was found that the oleic aci ... | 2012 | 23009642 |
| medicinal flowers. xxxv. nor-oleanane-type and acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins from the flower buds of chinese camellia japonica and their inhibitory effects on melanogenesis. | the methanolic extract and its 1-butanol-soluble fraction from the flower buds of camellia japonica, cultivated in yunnan province, china, showed inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated b16 melanoma 4a5 cells. from the 1-butanol-soluble fraction, a new 28-nor-oleanane-type and three new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, sanchakasaponins a-d, were isolated together with four known triterpene saponins. their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and p ... | 2012 | 22976329 |
| anthelmintic cyclcooctadepsipeptides: complex in structure and mode of action. | the broad-spectrum anthelmintic cyclooctadepsipeptide pf1022a is a fungal metabolite from rosellinia sp. pf1022, which is a mycelia sterilia found on the leaves of camellia japonica. a broad range of structurally related cyclooctadepsipeptides has been characterized and tested for anthelmintic activities. these metabolites have been used as starting points to generate semisynthetic derivatives with varying nematocidal capacity. predominant among these compounds is emodepside, which exhibits a br ... | 2012 | 22858281 |
| melanogenesis inhibitory and fibroblast proliferation accelerating effects of noroleanane- and oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides from the flower buds of camellia japonica. | a 28-noroleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, camellioside e (4), an oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, camellioside f (5), and the known compounds camelliosides a (1) and d (3) were isolated from a 50% etoh extract of camellia japonica flower buds from korea. the principal constituents (1 and 5) significantly inhibited melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated b16 melanoma 4a5 cells. camellioside b (2), a major constituent of c. japonica grown in japan, showed potent inhibition of melan ... | 2012 | 22834923 |
| medicinal flowers. xxxvi.1) acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins with inhibitory effects on melanogenesis from the flower buds of chinese camellia japonica. | four acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, sanchakasaponins e-h, were isolated from the flower buds of camellia japonica cultivated in yunnan province, china, together with four known triterpene oligoglycosides. the chemical structures of the new triterpene oligoglycosides were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. the inhibitory effects of the triterpene oligoglycoside constituents on melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated b16 melanoma 4a5 cells were i ... | 2012 | 22689427 |
| ¹h-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the triacylglyceride composition of cold-pressed oil from camellia japonica. | camellia japonica (cj) has oil-rich seeds, but the study of these oils has received little attention and has mainly focused only on their health properties. in the present work the relative composition of the fatty acid (fa) components of the triglycerides in cold-pressed oil from cj is studied by ¹h-nmr. the results obtained were: 75.75%, 6.0%, 0.17% and 18.67%, for oleic, linoleic, linolenic and saturated fa respectively. levels of c₁₈ unsaturated fa found in cj oil were similar to those repor ... | 2012 | 22664463 |
| anti-inflammatory activity of camellia japonica oil. | camellia japonica oil (cj oil) has been used traditionally in east asia to nourish and soothe the skin as well as help restore the elasticity of skin. cj oil has also been used on all types of bleeding instances. however, little is known about its anti-inflammatory effects. therefore, the anti-inflammatory effects of cj oil and its mechanisms of action were investigated. cj oil inhibited lps-induced production of no, pge(2), and tnf-α in raw264.7 cells. in addition, expression of cox-2 and inos ... | 2012 | 22449705 |
| inhibitory effects of an ellagic acid glucoside, okicamelliaside, on antigen-mediated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia rbl-2h3 cells and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in mice. | degranulation inhibitors in plants are widely used for prevention and treatment of immediate-type allergy. we previously isolated a new ellagic acid glucoside, okicamelliaside (ocs), from camellia japonica leaves for use as a potent degranulation inhibitor. crude extracts from leaves also suppressed allergic conjunctivitis in rats. in this study, we evaluated the in vivo effect of ocs using a pure sample and performed in vitro experiments to elucidate the mechanism underlying the extraordinary h ... | 2012 | 22330086 |
| arms race between weevil rostrum length and camellia pericarp thickness: geographical cline and theory. | the geographical cline of the coevolving traits of weevil rostrum (mouthpart) length and camellia pericarp (fruit coat) thickness provides an opportunity to test the arms race theory of defense (pericarp thickness) and countermeasure (rostrum length) between antagonistically interacting species. by extending the previous model for the coevolution of quantitative traits to introduce nonlinear costs for exaggerated traits, the generation overlap, and density-dependent regulation in the host, we st ... | 2011 | 21651915 |
| fullerene fine particles adhere to pollen grains and affect their autofluorescence and germination. | adhesion of commercially produced fullerene fine particles to cryptomeria japonica, chamaecyparis obtusa and camellia japonica pollen grains was investigated. the autofluorescence of pollen grains was affected by the adhesion of fullerene fine particles to the pollen grains. the degree of adhesion of fullerene fine particles to the pollen grains varied depending on the type of fullerene. furthermore, germination of camellia japonica pollen grains was inhibited by the adhesion of fullerene fine p ... | 2011 | 24198486 |
| 28-nor-oleanane-type triterpene saponins from camellia japonica and their inhibitory activity on lps-induced no production in macrophage raw264.7 cells. | four new 28-nor-oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, camellenodiol 3-o-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)[β-d-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (2), camellenodiol 3-o-4''-o-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)[β-d-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (4), camellenodiol 3-o-(β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)[β-d-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→3)]-6'-methoxy-β-d- glucuronopyranoside (5), and maragenin ii 3-o-(β-d-galactopyranosyl(1→2) ... | 2010 | 21050759 |
| triterpenoids from camellia japonica and their cytotoxic activity. | from the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem bark of camellia japonica, three new triterpenoids, 3beta-o-acetyl-16beta-hydroxy-12-oxoolean (6), 3beta-o-acetyl-16beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-ene (7), and 3beta-o-acetyl-16beta-hydroxyolean-12-ene (8), along with seven known compounds, 3alpha-hydroxy-1-oxofriedelan (1), friedelin (2), 3beta-friedelanol (3), canophyllol (4), 3-oxofriedelan-1(2)-ene (5), beta-amyrin (9), camellenodiol (10), and camelledionol (11) were isolated. their structures were es ... | 2010 | 20045980 |
| new record of the existence of sarcographa tricosa (lichenized ascomycota, graphidaceace) in korea. | lichen genus sarcographa fee, a stromatoid graphidacean taxa, was newly found in geomun island, jeonnam province. the lichen grew on the bark of camellia japonica and eurya emarginata along the coastal line of the island. it was identified as sarcographa tricosa (ach.) müll. arg. for the first time in korea. | 2009 | 23983525 |
| development of microsatellite and amplicon length polymorphism markers for camellia japonica l. from tea plant (camellia sinensis) expressed sequence tags. | simple sequence repeats and amplicon length polymorphism markers for camellia japonica were developed, based on camellia sinensis sequences in the national center for biotechnology information database. in total, 2495 gene sequences were used to design 216 primer pairs. to identify amplicon length polymorphism markers, 61 gene loci in 16 camellia individuals were re-sequenced. in total, 10 markers (three expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats and seven amplicon length polymorphisms) yie ... | 2009 | 21564753 |
| fine-scale local adaptation of weevil mouthpart length and camellia pericarp thickness: altitudinal gradient of a putative arms race. | although coevolutionary theory predicts that evolutionary interactions between species are spatially hierarchical, few studies have examined coevolutionary processes at multiple spatial scales. in an antagonistic system involving a plant, the japanese camellia (camellia japonica), and its obligate seed predator, the camellia weevil (curculio camelliae), i elucidated the local adaptation of a camellia defensive armament (pericarp thickness) and a weevil offensive armament (rostrum length) within ... | 2008 | 18266990 |
| adaptive divergence of scaling relationships mediates the arms race between a weevil and its host plant. | coevolution of exaggerated morphologies between insects and plants is a well-known but poorly understood phenomenon in evolutionary biology. in the antagonistic interaction between a seed-predatory insect, the camellia weevil (curculio camelliae), and its host plant, japanese camellia (camellia japonica), we examined the evolutionary trajectory of an exaggerated offensive trait of the weevil (rostrum length) in terms of scaling relationship. sampling throughout japan revealed that the ratio of t ... | 2006 | 17148283 |
| camellianoside, a novel antioxidant glycoside from the leaves of camellia japonica. | a novel flavonol glycoside named camellianoside and three known flavonol glycosides were isolated from the leaves of camellia japonica. the structure of camellianoside was established as quercetin-3-o-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside by spectroscopic and chemical methods. the antioxidant activities of these glycosides evaluated by the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical scavenging reaction was higher than those of l-cysteine and l-ascorbic ... | 2006 | 16926516 |
| involvement of acetaldehyde in seed deterioration of some recalcitrant woody species through the acceleration of aerobic respiration. | the rate of acetaldehyde (ald) evolution in the deterioration of recalcitrant woody seeds was investigated. four plant species, ligustrum japonicum, quercus serrata, quercus myrsinaefolia and camellia japonica, were used for the experiments. similar to orthodox seeds, all of the recalcitrant seeds used contained ald in addition to methanol and ethanol, although the amount of ald in camellia, a typical oil seed, was very small. these volatiles were accumulated in a container in which ligustrum an ... | 2004 | 14988490 |
| genetic structure of age classes in camellia japonica (theaceae). | camellia japonica l. (theaceae), an insect- and bird-pollinated, broad-leaved evergreen tree, is widely distributed in japan and the southern korean peninsula. the species has a relatively even age distribution within populations, which may influence the spatial genetic structure of different age classes relative to species with typical l-shaped age distributions. to determine whether the internal spatial genetic structure found in seedlings and young individuals carries over into adults, we use ... | 2003 | 12643568 |
| heterologous nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite amplification and variation in tea, camellia sinensis. | the advantage of the cross transferability of heterologous chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite primers was taken to detect polymorphism among 24 tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) genotypes, including both the assamica and the sinensis varieties. primer information was obtained from the closely related camellia japonica species for four nuclear microsatellites, and from nicotiana tabaccum for seven universal chloroplast microsatellites. all of the nuclear microsatellite loci tested genera ... | 2002 | 12502248 |
| characterisation of pigments and corrosion patinas by means of micro-raman spectroscopy. | new applications of micro-raman spectroscopy are presented here for the investigation of colouring agents in a wax model of plant and of corrosion products on metal artworks. a late 1700 wax model of camellia japonica l. was studied in order to characterise the nature of white, red and green colours of petals and leaves. white and red colours of petals were identified as pigments of baryte and a mixture of cinnabar and carmine lake, respectively. fragments taken from leaves with different green ... | 2016 | 11836961 |
| longidorus camelliae n. sp. (nematoda: longidoridae) associated with ornamental cultivars of camellia japonica l. growing in a nursery at fuyang, zhejiang province, eastern china. | a description is provided of longidorus camelliae n. sp., a bisexual species associated with ornamental cultivars of camellia japonica l. growing in fuyang, zhejiang province, eastern china. the species is characterised by its small body length (1.83-3.54 mm), narrow (6-10 microm), anteriorly flattened, continuous head region, non-bilobed amphidial pouches, medium odontostyle length (80-91, microm) and elongate, conoid tail (32-39 microm; c' = 1.1-1.4). males are characterised by having short sp ... | 2000 | 10966219 |
| triterpene alcohols from camellia and sasanqua oils and their anti-inflammatory effects. | the nonsaponifiable lipids of camellia and sasanqua oils from the seeds of camellia japonica l. and c. sasanqua thunb., respectively, were investigated for their triterpene alcohol constituents. this led to the isolation of twenty-seven triterpene alcohols of which seven were novel naturally occurring compounds, tirucalla-5,7,24-trien-3 beta-ol (1), lemmaphylla-7,21-dien-3 beta-ol (2), isoeuphol (3), isotirucallol (4), (24r)-24,25-epoxybutyrospermol (5) and its 24s-epimer (6), and isoaglaiol (7) ... | 1997 | 9433772 |
| cryopreservation of somatic embryos and embryonic axes of camellia japonica l. | cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen was attempted with both somatic embryos and zygotic embryonic axes of the ornamental camellia japonica l. several protective measures were applied to somatic embryos (desiccation, chemical protectors, hardening by culture at low temperatures, encapsulation in alginate beads), but none allowed somatic embryos cultures to survive after 24 h in liquid nitrogen. embryonic axes, however, were easily cryopreserved by means of the simplest technique: desiccation in a ... | 1996 | 24178614 |
| tannins of theaceous plants. v. camelliatannins f, g and h, three new tannins from camellia japonica l. | two new complex tannins, camelliatannins f (3) and g (4), were isolated from the leaves of camellia japonica l. (theaceae), and their structures, each consisting of an epicatechin unit and a c-glucosidic ellagitannin moiety, were elucidated. a new dimeric hydrolyzable tannin, named camelliatannin h (5), was isolated from the fruits of this plant. camelliins a (6) and b (7), and camelliatannin a (1) and 3 were also isolated from the fruits. | 1994 | 7923462 |
| direct embryo formation in leaves of camillia japonica l. | the culture conditions for direct embryo formation in leaves of camellia japonica l. were established. an auxin treatment followed by incubation during 11 days in darkness on diluted murashige and skoog modified basal medium induced direct morphogenesis. the number of subcultures, subculture interval and leaf age affected in vitro leaf response. the results showed that the cells from a cultured leaf respond differently to the same culture conditions by forming embryos, roots, and non-morphogenic ... | 1993 | 24201879 |
| [observations on the germinability in vitro of pollen from camellia japonica l. (theaceae)]. | pollen grains from samples of camellia japonica living in soil (a) and in greenhouse (b) were collected daily from just-opened anthers. the pollen was sown in various liquid media and incubated at 28 c. higher germinative ability of a in comparison with b was observed and related to the relative humidity which is higher in soil than in greenhouse. this phenomenon recurs even if the composition of the culture medium is changed. however the composition of the medium greatly influences the percenta ... | 1989 | 2803733 |
| distorted segregation and linkage of alcohol dehydrogenase genes in camellia japonica l. (theaceae). | alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in camellia japonica are encoded by two genes, adh-1 and adh-2. both loci are expressed in seeds, and their products randomly associate into intragenic and intergenic dimers. electrophoresis of leaf extracts reveals only the products of adh-2. formal genetic analysis indicated that the two adh loci are tightly linked (combined estimate of r = 0.004). most segregations fit expected mendelian ratios, but in some families distorted segregation was observed at adh-1, a ... | 1984 | 6388563 |
| [studies on the constituents of the flower of camellia japonica (2)]. | | 1984 | 6737227 |
| hemicellulose of the pollen tube wall of camellia japonica. | successive fractionation of the pollen tube wall polysaccharides of camellia japonica was carried out to analyze the sugar composition of each fraction. the hemicellulose fraction extracted with dimethylsulfoxide accounted for about 47% of the pollen tube wall. a purified preparation of this fraction was comprised essentially of glucose. a low specific rotation ([α]d = +6° in 1 n naoh) and an absorption at 890 cm(-1) of the purified glucan indicated the β-configuration. this glucan was shown to ... | 1980 | 25385955 |
| [applications of low-temperature ashing with high-frequency oxygen plasma in pharmacognostical studies; observations of calcium oxalate crystals in ashed tissues of leaves of cassia angustifolia vahl and camellia japonica l]. | | 1971 | 5164988 |
| trehalase: a new pollen enzyme. | pollen from 5 plant species (lycopersicon pimpinellifolium mill., hermerocallis minor mill., galtonia condicans decne., camellia japonica l., and lathyrus odoratus l.) representing 4 families germinated well in media containing trehalose as the sole carbon source. data are presented indicating that pollen metabolized this disaccharide for germination and subsequent pollen-tube growth; the sugar was not merely an osmoregulator. an inhibitor of trehalase activity depressed germination in trehalose ... | 1969 | 5379538 |
| [isolation of camelliagenin a, b and c from the fruits of camellia japonica l]. | | 1968 | 5752241 |
| separation of anthocyanin and leucoanthocyanin in flowers of camellia japonica. | | 1958 | 13590115 |