| protection against microcystin-lr-induced hepatotoxicity by silymarin: biochemistry, histopathology, and lethality. | microcystin-lr, a cyclic heptapeptide synthesized by the blue-green algae, microcystis aeruginosa, is a potent hepatotoxin. pathological examination of livers from mice and rats that received microcystin-lr revealed severe, peracute, diffuse, centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis, and hemorrhage. these changes were correlated with increased serum activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. pretreatment of either rats or mice with a single dose of si ... | 1991 | 1902564 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna from flowers of cynara cardunculus encoding cyprosin (an aspartic proteinase) and its use to study the organ-specific expression of cyprosin. | poly(a)+ rna isolated from flower buds of cynara cardunculus has been used to prepare a cdna library. screening of the cdna after expression of cloned dna with antibodies raised against the large subunit of cyprosin 3 resulted in the isolation of six positive clones. one of these clones (cypro1s; a 1.7 kb eco ri fragment) codes for cyprosin. the nucleotide sequence contain a 1419 bp open reading frame coding for 473 amino acids (aa) including a putative full-length mature protein (440 aa) and a ... | 1994 | 8193298 |
| chemical and microbiological characteristics of ewes' milk cheese manufactured with extracts from flowers of cynara cardunculus and cynara humilis as coagulants. | the chemical and microbial characteristics as well as the flavor and aroma of los pedroches cheese made using aqueous extracts of cynara cardunculus l. flowers were compared with those of cheeses manufactured with extracts of cynara humilis l. throughout ripening. the two thistle species assayed were found to have no appreciable effect on the moisture, fat, protein, and nacl contents of the cheese or on its water activity, flavor, and aroma; however, the use of c. humilis resulted in reduced lac ... | 2000 | 10691655 |
| [effect of the atherogenic diet and cynara scolymus l, and cynara cardunculus l. on the histopathological picture of the coronary vessels and myocardium in rats]. | | 1962 | 13991323 |
| [anticomplement activity of saponins from cynara cardunculus l]. | triterpene saponins of ursane and oleane type isolated from the involucral bracts of cynara cardunculus l. (asteraceae) were investigated in in vitro assays for their activity on the complement system. the anticomplementary activity of bidesmosidic saponins on the classical pathway activation of the complement was higher than the activity of monodesmosidic saponins, but esterification of the carboxylic group of glucuronic acid in the sugar residue resulted in a significant decrease in anticomple ... | 2003 | 14661371 |
| vasomodulating potential of mediterranean wild plant extracts. | the incidence of cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction is low in the mediterranean area, where the major proportion of daily calories comes from plant food, high in antioxidant polyphenols. it has been shown that a reduced production or enhanced inactivation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (no) is involved in the onset of endothelial dysfunction. we investigated the effects of mediterranean wild plant, that is, wild artichoke and thyme, phenolic-rich extracts on no release by po ... | 2004 | 15291469 |
| hypochlorous acid scavenging properties of local mediterranean plant foods. | oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (ldl) is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, which are low in the mediterranean area possibly due to a high dietary proportion of plant foods. ethanolic extracts were prepared from more than 120 mediterranean edible plants collected in remote areas (which maintain their traditional diet) and their antioxidant potential was studied. extracts derived from agaricus campestris, cynara cardunculus, thymus pulegi ... | 2004 | 15736921 |
| mediterranean food and health: building human evidence. | adherence to a mediterranean style diet affords protection from degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disorders and cancer. identification of the active constituents of the mediterranean diet is crucial to the formulation of appropriate dietary guidelines. also, research on the pharmacological properties of the "minor components" of this diet, eg vitamins and polyphenols, is very active and might lead to the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals. even though in vitro data are ... | 2005 | 15800384 |
| the characterisation of the collagenolytic activity of cardosin a demonstrates its potential application for extracellular matrix degradative processes. | type i collagen is the major fibrous protein of mammals being needed to strengthen and organise the extracellular matrix (ecm). connective tissue components are modulated by matrix metalloproteinases, which are critical for disintegration and remodelling of ecm under physiological and pathological conditions. cardosin a is an abundant aspartic proteinase (ap) from cynara cardunculus l. that has been shown to be able to hydrolyse fibrillar collagen within the alpha-chains. the aim of this work is ... | 2005 | 16472240 |
| cardosins: a new and efficient plant enzymatic tool to dissociate neuronal cells for the establishment of cell cultures. | in the present work, we examined the feasibility of using cardosins, plant aspartic-proteinases from cynara cardunculus l., to isolate cells from rat embryonic brain. using morphological and functional assays, we compared cell cultures obtained with cardosins with those prepared with a well-established trypsin protocol. cardosins and trypsin dissociation produced cells with similar yield, viability, and gaba release in response to a depolarizing stimulus. however, cardosins-dissociated cells app ... | 2007 | 17099909 |
| isolation and functional characterization of a cdna coding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in cynara cardunculus l. | cynara cardunculus l. is an edible plant of pharmaceutical interest, in particular with respect to the polyphenolic content of its leaves. it includes three taxa: globe artichoke, cultivated cardoon, and wild cardoon. the dominating phenolics are the di-caffeoylquinic acids (such as cynarin), which are largely restricted to cynara species, along with their precursor, chlorogenic acid (cga). the scope of this study is to better understand cga synthesis in this plant. | 2007 | 17374149 |
| antigenotoxic effect of extract from cynara cardunculus l. | the extract of artichoke cynara cardunculus l. (cce) was investigated for its potential antigenotoxic and antioxidant effects using four experimental model systems. in the saccharomyces cerevisiae mutagenicity/antimutagenicity assay, cce significantly reduced the frequency of 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide-induced revertants at the ilv1 locus and mitotic gene convertants at the trp5 locus in the diploid saccharomyces cerevisiae tester strain d7. in the simultaneous toxicity and clastogenicity/anticlas ... | 2008 | 17724772 |
| processing and trafficking of a single isoform of the aspartic proteinase cardosin a on the vacuolar pathway. | cardosin a is the major vacuolar aspartic proteinase (aps) (e.c.3.4.23) in pistils of cynara cardunculus l. (cardoon). plant aps carry a unique domain, the plant-specific-insert (psi), and a pro-segment which are separated from the catalytic domains during maturation but the sequence and location of processing steps for cardosins have not been established. here transient expression in tobacco and inducible expression in arabidopsis indicate that processing of cardosin a is conserved in heterolog ... | 2008 | 18273641 |
| phenolic composition of cynara cardunculus l. organs, and their biological activities. | polyphenols are bioactive molecules exhibiting a lot of scientific attention due to their multiple biological activities. this study compared phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in cynara cardunculus l. organs and focus on leaf phenolic compounds identification by rp-hplc and their antibacterial activity. the analyzed organs exhibited different total polyphenol contents (7-14.8 mg gae g(-1) dw). leaf and seed phenolic contents were similar and two times higher than those in flowers. the s ... | 2008 | 18472083 |
| antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines and toxicity test on mediterranean dietary plants. | sixteen edible plants from southern italy were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative properties, using the sulforodamine b (srb) assay, on four human cancer cell lines: breast cancer mcf-7, prostate cancer lncap, amelanotic melanoma c32 and renal adenocarcinoma achn. after 48 h of incubation the most antiproliferative plant extract was cynara cardunculus ssp. cardunculus on c32 and achn cell lines with ic(50) of 21 and 18 microg/ml, respectively. mentha aquatica showed a selective antip ... | 2008 | 18768152 |
| inhibitory effect of the flowers of artichoke (cynara cardunculus) on tpa-induced inflammation and tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. | the methanol extract of the flowers of artichoke (cynara cardunculus) exhibited remarkable antitumor activity in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test in mice, using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene as an initiator and 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) as a promoter. from the active fraction of the methanol extract, four triterpene alcohols and their corresponding acetates were isolated and identified. these compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on tpa-induced inflammat ... | 2010 | 20225077 |
| bacterial dynamics in a raw cow's milk caciotta cheese manufactured with aqueous extract of cynara cardunculus dried flowers. | to investigate the bacterial dynamics of a caciotta cheese traditionally manufactured in the montefeltro area (central italy) with raw cow's milk and an aqueous extract of dried flowers from cynara cardunculus as a coagulating agent. | 2011 | 21466567 |
| cercosporoid leaf pathogens from whorled milkweed and spineless safflower in california. | two cercosporoid species are respectively described from mexican whorled milkweed (asclepias fascicularis), and spineless safflower (carthamus tinctorius) from california. passalora californica represents a new pathogen on asclepias fascicularis, while ramularia cynarae is confirmed on carthamus tinctorius and cynara cardunculus (asteraceae), and an epitype designated. pathogenicity is also established for both pathogens based on koch's postulate. | 2011 | 22679582 |
| genetic mapping and characterization of the globe artichoke (+)-germacrene a synthase gene, encoding the first dedicated enzyme for biosynthesis of the bitter sesquiterpene lactone cynaropicrin. | globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus var. scolymus l., asteraceae) is a perennial crop traditionally consumed as a vegetable in the mediterranean countries and rich in nutraceutically and pharmaceutically active compounds, including phenolic and terpenoid compounds. its bitter taste is caused by its high content of sesquiterpene lactones (stls), such as cynaropicrin. the biosynthetic pathway responsible for stl biosynthesis in globe artichoke is unknown, but likely proceeds through germacrene a, ... | 2012 | 22608514 |
| mediterranean diet and cardioprotection: wild artichoke inhibits metalloproteinase 9. | metalloproteinases (mmps) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases responsible for the hydrolysis of various component of extracellular matrix such as gelatin and collagen. mmps, namely mmp-2 and mmp-9 correlate with cardiovascular events in patients. we sought to determine whether supplementation with polyphenol-rich cynara cardunculus (wild artichoke, traditional component of the mediterranean diet) modulates mmp-9 expression and activity in cell cultures. a fully characterized c. cardunculus extract ... | 2008 | 18646006 |
| production and characterization of recombinant cyprosin b in saccharomyces cerevisiae (w303-1a) strain. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae w303-1a strain transformed with a centromeric plasmid containing cypro11, which codifies the aspartic protease cyprosin b, was grown in a 3 l bioreactor under aerobic conditions. expression of cyprosin b is directly dependent on the concentration of galactose used as the inducer and carbon source in 1% yeast extract, 2% bactopeptone, and 4% galactose in culture medium. for 4% of galactose, 209 mg.l(-1) total protein, and 1036 u.ml(-1) recombinant cyprosin b activity ... | 2008 | 18499044 |
| antioxidant and protective effects of silymarin on ischemia and reperfusion injury in the kidney tissues of rats. | renal ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure. silymarin is extracted from silybum marianum and cynara cardunculus seeds and fruits. the aim of this study is to investigate whether silymarin administration prevents the damage induced by i/r in rat kidneys. | 2008 | 18368506 |
| engineering a cardosin b-derived rennet for sheep and goat cheese manufacture. | different sheep and goat cheeses with world-renowned excellence are produced using aqueous extracts of cynara cardunculus flowers as coagulants. however, the use of this vegetable rennet is mostly limited to artisanal scale production, and no effective solutions to large-scale industrial applications have been reported so far. in this sense, the development of a synthetic rennet based on the most abundant cardoon milk-clotting enzymes (cardosins) would emerge as a solution for scalability of pro ... | 2015 | 24986551 |
| research on biomodulatory effect of natural compounds. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether the extract isolated from the artichoke cynara cardunculus l. (ecc) had antimutagenic effect and was able to enhance the therapeutic effect of cytostatic drug cis-platinum (cis-pt). | 2006 | 17159779 |
| local food and cardioprotection: the role of phytochemicals. | for decades, most of the attention of nutritionists and health professionals has focused on the impact of the major dietary components, such as the amounts and types of fats, proteins, carbohydrates and fibers, on human health. however, interest in the role of minor components is rapidly growing. many constituents of plants are non-nutritional compounds that play key roles in plant physiology and interactions with the environment. over the past few years, we performed human studies to ascertain ... | 2006 | 16917176 |
| bioactive peptides in ovine and caprine cheeselike systems prepared with proteases from cynara cardunculus. | the potential angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace)-inhibitory and antioxidant activities of peptides in water-soluble extracts, obtained from raw and sterilized ovine and caprine cheeselike systems coagulated with enzymes from the plant cynara cardunculus, were assessed. prior to the assay, the 3,000-da permeate from 45-d-old cheeselike systems was fractionated by tandem chromatographic techniques. several peaks were obtained in each chromatogram, but only some were associated with ace-inhibitory ... | 2006 | 16899666 |
| immobilisation of cardosin a in chitosan sponges as a novel implant for drug delivery. | cardosin a is extracted from the pistils of the plant cynara cardunculus l. and chitosan is a polysaccharide derived from chitin with valuable properties as a biomaterial. in this work we report our experiments on the synthesis of chitosan sponges and immobilisation of cardosin a, by entrapment. we observed that 10-15% of the incorporated cardosin a were released over 6 days of incubation. in addition, we could also note that this immobilisation procedure did not induce any specificity alteratio ... | 2005 | 16475919 |
| molecular characterization of peptides released from beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin via cardosins a and b. | crude mixtures of aspartic proteases from flowers of the plant cynara cardunculus have been studied frequently, as have activities of such enzymes (in pure form) on caseins from bovine, ovine, and caprine sources. this research study addressed pure bovine whey protein as substrates; that is, alpha-lactalbumin (alphala) and beta-lactoglobulin (alpha-lg), submitted to hydrolysis by 1 of 2 aspartic proteases (cardosins a and b), previously extracted and purified from c. cardunculus. samples collect ... | 2006 | 16428617 |
| wild artichoke prevents the age-associated loss of vasomotor function. | endothelial dysfunction, which is more often observed in conduit arteries such as the aorta, carotid, femoral, and brachial arteries, is largely due to alterations in cellular signal transduction initiated by an escalating cycle of damage triggered by oxidative stress. this phenomenon is exacerbated in the elderly, where a progressive loss of vascular endothelial function and concurrent loss of vasomotor control is frequent. in a previous study, we demonstrated that the wild artichoke (cynara ca ... | 2005 | 16366729 |
| extraction and partial characterization of a coagulant preparation from silybum marianum flowers. its action on bovine caseinate. | an outstanding parameter in cheese making is the type of coagulant, which greatly influences the characteristics of the final products. proteolysis is the most important set of biochemical changes during ripening of most cheeses, and is carried out, in different magnitude, by proteolytic agents originated in milk, rennet (or rennet substitute), and starter and non-starter micro-organisms (silva & malcata, 2000). the demand for alternative sources of milk coagulants, to replace the expensive and ... | 2005 | 16174356 |
| partial identification of water-soluble peptides released at early stages of proteolysis in sterilized ovine cheese-like systems: influence of type of coagulant and starter. | cheese-like systems were manufactured from sterilized ovine milk, using crude aqueous extracts of cynara cardunculus or cardosin a isolated therefrom as clotting agent. the effect of adding a commercial starter culture was also assessed. the impact of the type of coagulant used during the initial 24 h of proteolysis was evaluated via separation of peptides in the water-soluble extracts by reverse-phase hplc, followed by partial sequencing via edman degradation. cardosin a accounted for most even ... | 2005 | 15905424 |
| volatile free fatty acids as ripening indicators for serra da estrela cheese. | serra da estrela cheese is an artisanal cheese manufactured from raw ewe's milk coagulated with cynara cardunculus; it is highly appreciated for its unique flavor and bouquet. this research effort focused on a search for the molecules responsible for those organoleptic characteristics. eighty cheeses manufactured in 4 dairies located in the appelation d'origine protegee region of serra da estrela, portugal, were thus assayed for volatiles, in an attempt to characterize their odorous profile. che ... | 2004 | 15545367 |
| use of recombinant cyprosin in the manufacture of ewe's milk cheese. | a recombinant cyprosin from the cardoon (cynara cardunculus l.) was assayed and compared with calf rennet in batches of ewes' milk cheese by determining different chemical, biochemical, and microbiological parameters over 4 months of ripening. there were no differences between the two types of coagulants in most chemical parameters, a(w), and ph. proteolysis was more marked and rapid in cheese containing recombinant cyprosin as coagulant, the soluble nitrogen content of which was significantly h ... | 2003 | 14640594 |
| isolation and partial characterization of rennet-like proteases from australian cardoon (cynara cardunculus l.). | the yield, protein content, proteolytic activity, and substrate specificity of crude and partially purified extracts from dried and fresh australian cardoon (cynara cardunculus l.) flowers were determined. crude water extracts had high yield but low protein content and proteolytic activity, whereas citric acid extracts had low yield but high protein content and proteolytic activity. fresh flower extracts gave higher yield and proteolytic activity but lower protein content in comparison with drie ... | 2003 | 12720403 |
| in silico approaches and proportional odds model towards identifying selective adam17 inhibitors from anti-inflammatory natural molecules. | adam metallopeptidase domain 17 (adam17) is an attractive target for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. we aimed to identify selective inhibitors of adam17 against matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (mmp-1, mmp-2, mmp-3, mmp-7, mmp-8, mmp-9, mmp-13, and mmp-16) which have substantial structural similarity. target proteins were docked with 29 anti-inflammatory natural molecule ligands and a known selective inhibitor ik682. the ligands were screened based on lipinski rules, interaction ... | 2016 | 27723561 |
| modeling the kinetics of whey protein hydrolysis brought about by enzymes from cynara cardunculus. | the purpose of this research work was to study the proteolytic activity of aqueous crude extracts of flowers of the plant cynara cardunculus on the major whey proteins, namely, beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la). these extracts, containing a mixture of cardosins a and b (i.e., two distinct aspartic proteases), have been employed for many years in traditional cheese-making in portugal and spain. cow's milk sweet whey was incubated for up to 24 h at various ratios of add ... | 2002 | 12105969 |
| hydrolysis of whey proteins by proteases extracted from cynara cardunculus and immobilized onto highly activated supports. | blends of cardosins a and b, enzymes present in aqueous extracts of the flowers of the thistle (cynara cardunculus l.), have for long been used as rennets by the cheesemaking industry in the iberian peninsula. these dimeric proteases are present in the stigmae and stylets of said flowers, and are thought to play a role in sexual reproduction of the plant. in the present research effort, production of cardosin derivatives (starting from a crude extract), encompassing full stabilization of their d ... | 2001 | 11339948 |
| processing, activity, and inhibition of recombinant cyprosin, an aspartic proteinase from cardoon (cynara cardunculus). | the cdna encoding the precursor of an aspartic proteinase from the flowers of the cardoon, cynara cardunculus, was expressed in pichia pastoris, and the recombinant, mature cyprosin that accumulated in the culture medium was purified and characterized. the resultant mixture of microheterogeneous forms was shown to consist of glycosylated heavy chains (34 or 32 kda) plus associated light chains with molecular weights in the region of 14,000-18,000, resulting from excision of most, but not all, of ... | 1999 | 10358007 |
| action on bovine alpha s1-casein of cardosins a and b, aspartic proteinases from the flowers of the cardoon cynara cardunculus l. | the cleavage of purified bovine alpha s1-casein separately by cardosin a and cardosin b, two distinct milk-clotting aspartic proteinases (aps) present in the stigmas of the plant cynara cardunculus l., was studied. casein digestion peptides were separated either by sds-page or by reverse-phase hplc, and their n-terminal amino acid sequences were subsequently determined by automated edman degradation, thus identifying the cleavage sites. results showed that both enzymes exert a similar but distin ... | 1996 | 8841384 |
| the wild egyptian artichoke as a promising functional food for the treatment of hepatitis c virus as revealed via uplc-ms and clinical trials. | infection by hepatitis c virus (hcv) and its subsequent complications are a major cause of mortality worldwide. the water extract of the wild egyptian artichoke (wea) (cynara cardunculus l. var. sylvestris (lam.) fiori) leaves is a freely available herbal product that is used for treatment of hcv-infection complications such as jaundice and ascites. the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether wea exhibits activity against hcv, identify bioactive chemicals in its extract and to tentatively ... | 2016 | 27296047 |
| a study of the effect of dietary fiber fractions obtained from artichoke (cynara cardunculus l. var. scolymus) on the growth of intestinal bacteria associated with health. | the effect of different fractions enriched in soluble fiber obtained from artichoke using citric acid or citric acid/hemicellulase on the selective growth of lactobacillus plantarum 8114 and bifidobacterium bifidum atcc 11863 was evaluated. gompertz modeling of lactobacillus plantarum 8114 growth showed a higher specific growth rate (μ: 0.16 h(-1)) in the presence of fractions isolated from stems using hemicellulase (fraction a) than in the presence of glucose (μ: 0.09 h(-1)). in the case of bif ... | 2015 | 25904284 |
| genetic mapping and identification of qtl for earliness in the globe artichoke/cultivated cardoon complex. | the asteraceae species cynara cardunculus (2n = 2x = 34) includes the two fully cross-compatible domesticated taxa globe artichoke (var. scolymus l.) and cultivated cardoon (var. altilis dc). as both are out-pollinators and suffer from marked inbreeding depression, linkage analysis has focussed on the use of a two way pseudo-test cross approach. | 2012 | 22621324 |
| acute effect of whey peptides upon blood pressure of hypertensive rats, and relationship with their angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity. | scope: the aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of a peptide fraction (pepc) obtained from a whey protein concentrate following hydrolysis by cynara cardunculus, as well as of its fraction with mw below 3 kda (pepcf). both these concentrates encompassed peptides that exhibited potent in vitro inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace): two were released from α-lactalbumin - kgyggvslpew and dkvginyw, and one from β-lactoglobulin - daqsaplrvy. methods and results ... | 2011 | 22147557 |
| mediterranean wild plants reduce postprandial platelet aggregation in patients with metabolic syndrome. | postprandial platelet hyperactivity and aggregation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of boiled wild plants consumption on the postprandial platelet aggregation in metabolic syndrome patients. patients consumed 5 meals in a random order (ie, 4 wild plant meals, namely, reichardia picroides [rp], cynara cardunculus, urospermum picroides [up], and chrysanthemum coronarium, and a control meal, which contained n ... | 2011 | 21944262 |
| novel hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme a quinate transferase genes from artichoke are involved in the synthesis of chlorogenic acid. | artichoke (cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus) extracts have high antioxidant capacity, due primarily to flavonoids and phenolic acids, particularly chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid [cga]), dicaffeoylquinic acids, and caffeic acid, which are abundant in flower bracts and bioavailable to humans in the diet. the synthesis of cga can occur following different routes in plant species, and hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme a transferases are important enzymes in these pathways. here, we report on the ... | 2010 | 20431089 |
| pan-genotypic hepatitis c virus inhibition by natural products derived from the wild egyptian artichoke. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is the leading cause of chronic liver diseases. water extracts of the leaves of the wild egyptian artichoke (wea) [cynara cardunculus l. var. sylvestris (lam.) fiori] have been used for centuries in the sinai peninsula to treat hepatitis symptoms. here we isolated and characterized six compounds from the water extracts of wea and evaluated their hcv inhibition capacities in vitro. importantly, two of these compounds, grosheimol and cynaropicrin, inhibited hcv wi ... | 2015 | 26656684 |
| upgrading of residues of bracts, stems and hearts of cynara cardunculus l. var. scolymus to functional fractions enriched in soluble fiber. | since only the central portion of the immature flowers of artichoke (cynara cardunculus l. var. scolymus) is consumed (<20%) it is interesting to upgrade its residues to render value added products. in this research, bracts (b), hearts (h) or stems (s) were used to isolate fractions enriched in soluble fiber. extraction was performed in citrate buffer with or without hemicellulase. additionally, the effect of preheating (70 °c - 5 min) prior to extraction was also tested. polysaccharides were pr ... | 2014 | 24481481 |
| cytochrome p450s from cynara cardunculus l. cyp71av9 and cyp71bl5, catalyze distinct hydroxylations in the sesquiterpene lactone biosynthetic pathway. | cynara cardunculus (asteraceae) is a cross pollinated perennial crop which includes the two cultivated taxa globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon. the leaves of these plants contain high concentrations of sesquiterpene lactones (stls) among which cynaropicrin is the most represented, and has recently attracted attention because of its therapeutic potential as anti-tumor and anti-photoaging agent. costunolide is considered the common precursor of the stls and three enzymes are involved in its bi ... | 2014 | 24767116 |
| comparative structure-function characterization of the saposin-like domains from potato, barley, cardoon and arabidopsis aspartic proteases. | the present study characterized the aspartic protease saposin-like domains of four plant species, solanum tuberosum (potato), hordeum vulgare l. (barley), cynara cardunculus l. (cardoon; artichoke thistle) and arabidopsis thaliana, in terms of bilayer disruption and fusion, and structure ph-dependence. comparison of the recombinant saposin-like domains revealed that each induced leakage of bilayer vesicles composed of a simple phospholipid mixture with relative rates arabidopsis>barley>cardoon>p ... | 2017 | 28212860 |
| ontology and diversity of transcript-associated microsatellites mined from a globe artichoke est database. | the globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus var. scolymus l.) is a significant crop in the mediterranean basin. despite its commercial importance and its both dietary and pharmaceutical value, knowledge of its genetics and genomics remains scant. microsatellite markers have become a key tool in genetic and genomic analysis, and we have exploited recently acquired est (expressed sequence tag) sequence data (composite genome project - cgp) to develop an extensive set of microsatellite markers. | 2009 | 19785740 |
| characterization and expression analysis of the aspartic protease gene family of cynara cardunculus l. | cardosin a and cardosin b are two aspartic proteases mainly found in the pistils of cardoon cynara cardunculus l., whose flowers are traditionally used in several mediterranean countries in the manufacture of ewe's cheese. we have been characterizing cardosins at the biochemical, structural and molecular levels. in this study, we show that the cardoon aspartic proteases are encoded by a multigene family. the genes for cardosin a and cardosin b, as well as those for two new cardoon aspartic prote ... | 2007 | 17433048 |
| influence of ph on viscoelastic properties of heat-induced gels obtained with a β-lactoglobulin fraction isolated from bovine milk whey hydrolysates. | a β-lactoglobulin fraction (r-βlg) was isolated from whey hydrolysates produced with cardosins from cynara cardunculus. the impact of the hydrolysis process on the r-βlg structure and the rheological properties of heat-induced gels obtained thereafter were studied at different ph values. differences were observed between r-βlg and commercial β-lg used as control. higher values for the fluorescence emission intensity and red shifts of the emission wavelength of r-βlg suggested changes in its tert ... | 2017 | 27765213 |
| structural and thermo-rheological analysis of solutions and gels of a β-lactoglobulin fraction isolated from bovine whey. | a β-lactoglobulin fraction (r-βlg) was isolated from milk whey hydrolysates produced with cardosins from cynara cardunculus. the impact of the technological process on the r-βlg structure and how in turn this determined its heat-induced gelation was investigated. results were analysed taking pure β-lg (p-βlg) as control sample. the process induced changes in the r-βlg native conformation causing exposure of hydrophobic groups, lower thermal stability and also, shorter thermal treatments needed t ... | 2016 | 26769503 |
| [cloning and bioinformation analysis of flavone synthase ii gene of erigeron breviscapus]. | erigeron breviscapus is a medicinal plant with the most developmental potential in yunnan province, which is belongs to erigeron genus of compositae family. scutellarin, the main active component of erigeron breviscapus is one of flavone 7-o-glucuronide derivatives, its biosynthesis pathway is still not clear. | 2013 | 24199545 |
| influence of vegetable coagulant and ripening time on the lipolytic and sensory profile of cheeses made with raw goat milk from canary breeds. | free fatty acids and sensory profiles were obtained for cheeses made with raw goat milk and vegetable coagulant, derived from the cardoon flower ( cynara cardunculus), at different ripening times (7 and 20 days). a solid-liquid phase extraction method followed by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography was used. profiles were also obtained with cheeses made with commercial coagulant, traditional kid rennet paste, and mixture coagulant (vegetable coagulant-kid rennet). the use of vegetable ... | 2017 | 28359206 |
| artichoke leaf extract inhibits akr1b1 and reduces nf-κb activity in human leukemic cells. | the human intracellular enzyme akr1b1 belongs to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. the akr1b1-catalyzed reduction of aldehydes is part of the intracellular inflammatory pathway leading to the activation of nf-κb and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. the present study is aimed at determining the inhibition of akr1b1 brought about by an extract of artichoke leaves (bracts), and the effects of this extract and three participating compounds on the expression of akr1b1, cox-2, and mmp-2 pr ... | 2017 | 28127803 |
| the isolation and mapping of a novel hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in the globe artichoke chlorogenic acid pathway. | the leaves of globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon (cynara cardunculus l.) have significant pharmaceutical properties, which mainly result from their high content of polyphenolic compounds such as monocaffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acid (dcq), and a range of flavonoid compounds. | 2009 | 19292932 |
| identification of proteins from wild cardoon flowers (cynara cardunculus l.) by a proteomic approach. | proteomic approach was applied to identify total proteins, particularly the enzymatic content, from wild cardoon flowers. as the selection of an appropriate sample preparation method is the key for getting reliable results, two different extraction/precipitation methods (trichloroacetic acid and phenol/ammonium acetate) were tested on fresh and lyophilized flowers. after two-dimensional electrophoresis (2d-e) separations, a better protein pattern was obtained after phenol extraction from lyophil ... | 2017 | 28101252 |
| in-silico and in-vivo analyses of est databases unveil conserved mirnas from carthamus tinctorius and cynara cardunculus. | micrornas (mirnas) are small rnas (21-24 bp) providing an rna-based system of gene regulation highly conserved in plants and animals. in plants, mirnas control mrna degradation or restrain translation, affecting development and responses to stresses. plant mirnas show imperfect but extensive complementarity to mrna targets, making their computational prediction possible, useful when data mining is applied on different species. in this study we used a comparative approach to identify both mirnas ... | 2012 | 22536958 |
| construction of a reference molecular linkage map of globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus var. scolymus). | the genome organization of globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus var. scolymus), unlike other species belonging to asteraceae (=compositae) family (i.e. sunflower, lettuce and chicory), remains largely unexplored. the species is highly heterozygous and suffers marked inbreeding depression when forced to self-fertilize. thus a two-way pseudo-testcross represents the optimal strategy for linkage analysis. here, we report linkage maps based on the progeny of a cross between globe artichoke (c. cardun ... | 2009 | 19787331 |
| a genome-wide survey of the microsatellite content of the globe artichoke genome and the development of a web-based database. | the recently acquired genome sequence of globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) has been used to catalog the genome's content of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. more than 177,000 perfect ssrs were revealed, equivalent to an overall density across the genome of 244.5 ssrs/mbp, but some 224,000 imperfect ssrs were also identified. about 21% of these ssrs were complex (two stretches of repeats separated by <100 nt). some 73% of the ssrs were composed of dinucleotide motifs. the ss ... | 2016 | 27648830 |
| biochemical and chemical characterization of cynara cardunculus l. extract and its potential use as co-adjuvant therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia. | ancient mediterranean diet was characterized by consuming the spontaneous forms of cynara cardunculus l. (ccl), commonly called artichoke. cultivated and/or spontaneous forms of cc studies have demonstrated that methanol extract of ccl flower and/or cynaropicrin showed remarkable anti-proliferative activity in vitro models of leukocyte cancer cell. | 2017 | 28323047 |
| the potential of native species as bioenergy crops on trace-element contaminated mediterranean lands. | the establishment of energy crops could be an option for the management of degraded and contaminated lands, where they would not compete with food production for land use. here, we aimed to explore the potential of certain native mediterranean species for the revegetation of contaminated lands for energy production purposes. a field survey was conducted in a trace-element (te) contaminated area from sw spain, where the patterns of biomass production, te accumulation and the calorific value of so ... | 2017 | 28288419 |
| determination of pesticide residues in globe artichoke leaves and fruits by gc-ms and lc-ms/ms using the same quechers procedure. | aiming to select the most suitable sample preparation for the multiresidue analysis of pesticides in globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus l.), a modified quechers, a matrix solid phase dispersion and a dispersive ethyl acetate extraction were compared. trueness and precision were determined at 0.2mgkg(-1) for the three methods. the modified quechers showed the best performance. the scope of the method was enlarged to 35 gc and 63 lc amenable pesticides, its overall performance was evaluated and v ... | 2017 | 28274427 |
| impact of novel snps identified in cynara cardunculus genes on functionality of proteins regulating phenylpropanoid pathway and their association with biological activities. | cynara cardunculus l. offers a natural source of phenolic compounds with the predominant molecule being chlorogenic acid. chlorogenic acid is gaining interest due to its involvement in various biological properties such as, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic activities. | 2017 | 28212611 |
| effect of extraction ph on techno-functional properties of crude extracts from wild cardoon (cynara cardunculus l.) flowers. | in the present paper, techno-functional properties of rennet derived from c. cardunculus, prepared at various ph (from 3 to 6), were investigated. it was found that the extract prepared at ph 3 had the best milk-clotting properties (mca/pa ratio). it presented also the highest enzyme content, determined by densitometry analysis on 1d and 2d gels electrophoresis. formation of milk gels produced by the extracts and chymosin was monitored using dynamic rheology and turbiscan. it can be assumed that ... | 2017 | 28193423 |
| the genome sequence of the outbreeding globe artichoke constructed de novo incorporating a phase-aware low-pass sequencing strategy of f1 progeny. | globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) is an out-crossing, perennial, multi-use crop species that is grown worldwide and belongs to the compositae, one of the most successful angiosperm families. we describe the first genome sequence of globe artichoke. the assembly, comprising of 13,588 scaffolds covering 725 of the 1,084 mb genome, was generated using ~133-fold illumina sequencing data and encodes 26,889 predicted genes. re-sequencing (30×) of globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon ... | 2016 | 26786968 |
| agrimonia eupatoria l. and cynara cardunculus l. water infusions: phenolic profile and comparison of antioxidant activities. | reactive oxygen species (ros) are highly considered in the ethiopathogenesis of different pathological conditions because they may cause significant damage to cells and tissues. in this paper, we focused on potential antioxidant properties of two medical plants such as the agrimonia eupatoria l. and cynara cardunculus l. both plants have previously been studied for their pharmacological activities, especially as hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic activities. it has been suggested, that their effe ... | 2015 | 26593896 |
| sesquiterpene lactones from cynara cornigera: acetyl cholinesterase inhibition and in silico ligand docking. | wild artichoke (cynara cornigera), a thistle-like perennial belonging to the asteraceae family, is native to the mediterranean region, northwestern africa, and the canary islands. while the pleasant, albeit bitter, taste of the leaves and flowers is attributed to the sesquiterpene lactones cynaropicrin and cynarin, a comprehensive phytochemical investigation still needs to be reported. in this study seven sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from an aqueous methanol plant extract, including a ne ... | 2016 | 26441064 |
| antiproliferative effects of cynara cardunculus l. var. altilis (dc) lipophilic extracts. | besides being traditionally used to relieve hepatobiliary disorders, cynara cardunculus l. has evidenced anticancer potential on triple-negative breast cancer (tnbc). this study highlights the antiproliferative effects of lipophilic extracts from c. cardunculus l. var. altilis (dc) leaves and florets, and of their major compounds, namely cynaropicrin and taraxasteryl acetate, against mda-mb-231 cells. our results demonstrated that mda-mb-231 cells were much less resistant to leaves extract (ic50 ... | 2016 | 28036090 |
| spatial genetic structure in wild cardoon, the ancestor of cultivated globe artichoke: limited gene flow, fragmentation and population history. | nuclear and chloroplast markers and phenotypic characters were integrated to analyse the population genetic structure of wild cardoon, cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris, the ancestor of cultivated globe artichoke, cynara cardunculus var. scolymus on the island of sardinia, italy. the spatial scale ranged from a few metres to ∼200km. wild cardoon appears to be genetically fragmented, with significant genetic divergence at various scales, indicating that gene flow is insufficient to counterbalanc ... | 2016 | 27968988 |
| the effect of ginger (zingiber officinalis) and artichoke (cynara cardunculus) extract supplementation on gastric motility: a pilot randomized study in healthy volunteers. | prodigest® is the standardized combination of artichoke and ginger extracts. this combination was safe and effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. however, further evidence could be useful to shed new lights on the effect of prodigest® on gastric motility. this pilot randomized study on healthy volunteers investigates the prokinetic activity of prodigest®. | 2016 | 26813467 |
| accumulation of cynaropicrin in globe artichoke and localization of enzymes involved in its biosynthesis. | globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) belongs to the asteraceae family, in which one of the most biologically significant class of secondary metabolites are sesquiterpene lactones (stls). in globe artichoke the principal stl is the cynaropicrin, which contributes to approximately 80% of its characteristic bitter taste. cynaropicrin content was assessed in globe artichoke tissues and was observed to accumulate in leaves of different developmental stages. in the receptacle, a progress ... | 2015 | 26398797 |
| pharmacological studies of artichoke leaf extract and their health benefits. | artichoke (cynara scolymus) leaf extract was one of the few herbal remedies which the clinical and experimental trials have complemented each other. both experimental and clinical effects have been verified through extensive biomedical herbal remedy research. specifically, antioxidant, choleretic, hepatoprotective, bile-enhancing and lipid-lowering effects have been demonstrated, which corresponded with its historical use. ongoing research seems to indicate that artichoke indeed have medicinal q ... | 2015 | 26310198 |
| in vitro ace-inhibitory peptide kgyggvslpew facilitates noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve terminals: relationship with the lack of antihypertensive effect on spontaneous hypertensive rats. | this study aimed to validate the antihypertensive activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace)-inhibitor whey protein hydrolysate (wph) obtained through the action of proteolytic enzymes from cynara cardunculus. the antihypertensive activity of wph fractions containing peptides with molecular weight below 3kda (whey<3kda) and 1kda (whey<1kda) along with the antihypertensive activity of three potent ace-inhibitory peptide sequences (dkvginyw, daqsaplrvy and kgyggvslpew), previously identif ... | 2015 | 26116781 |
| metabolite and mineral profiling of "violetto di niscemi" and "spinoso di menfi" globe artichokes by (1)h-nmr and icp-ms. | globe artichoke has been long considered a nutraceutical food for its valuable content of bioactive compounds. however, beside a well-known polyphenol profile, poor information is available about its metabolite and mineral composition. the aim of this study was to investigate edible parts of sicilian artichokes, 'spinoso di menfi' and 'violetto di niscemi', by (1)h nmr and icp-ms for elucidating these compositional aspects. although bracts and hearts of both artichokes shared a very similar meta ... | 2017 | 27855490 |
| first detailed karyo-morphological analysis and molecular cytological study of leafy cardoon and globe artichoke, two multi-use asteraceae crops. | traditionally globe artichoke and leafy cardoon have been cultivated for use as vegetables but these crops are now finding multiple new roles in applications ranging from paper production to cheese preparation and biofuel use, with interest in their functional food potential. so far, their chromosome complements have been poorly investigated and a well-defined karyotype was not available. in this paper, a detailed karyo-morphological analysis and molecular cytogenetic studies were conducted on g ... | 2016 | 27830052 |
| the effect of ginger (zingiber officinalis) and artichoke (cynara cardunculus) extract supplementation on functional dyspepsia: a randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. | objective. functional dyspepsia (fd) is a frequent clinical finding in western world. the aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of a ginger and artichoke supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of fd. methods. a prospective multicentre, double blind, randomized, placebo controlled, parallel-group comparison of the supplement and placebo over a period of 4 weeks was performed. two capsules/day were supplied (before lunch and dinner) to 126 fd patients (supplementation/placebo: 65/6 ... | 2015 | 25954317 |
| enzymatic saccharification and bioethanol production from cynara cardunculus pretreated by steam explosion. | the correct choice of the specific lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment allows obtaining high biomass conversions for biorefinery implementations and cellulosic bioethanol production from renewable resources. cynara cardunculus (cardoon) pretreated by steam explosion (se) was involved in second-generation bioethanol production using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (shf) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) processes. steam explosion pretreatment led to partial solubilisat ... | 2015 | 25836040 |
| protease and hemicellulase assisted extraction of dietary fiber from wastes of cynara cardunculus. | the action of protease and hemicellulase for the extraction of fractions enriched in soluble fiber from bracts and stems of cynara cardunculus was evaluated. using a two-factor simplex design comprising protease amounts of 0-200 μl and hemicellulase amounts of 0-200 mg for 5 g of material, we explored the effect of a 5 h enzymatic treatment at 40 °c on the chemical composition and yield of the fractions isolated. the fractions contained inulin and pectin. in general, the protein, inulin, and pol ... | 2015 | 25809605 |
| polyphenols from artichoke heads (cynara cardunculus (l.) subsp. scolymus hayek): in vitro bio-accessibility, intestinal uptake and bioavailability. | artichoke is a rich source of health promoting compounds such as polyphenols, important for their pharmaceutical and nutritional properties. in this study, the potential for bioavailability of the artichoke polyphenols was estimated by using both in vitro digestion and caco-2 human intestinal cell models. in vitro digestive recoveries (bio-accessibility) were found to be 55.8% for total artichoke phenolics and in particular, 70.0% for chlorogenic acid, 41.3% for 3,5-o-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and ... | 2015 | 25758164 |
| large-scale transcriptome characterization and mass discovery of snps in globe artichoke and its related taxa. | cynara cardunculus (2n = 2× = 34) is a member of the asteraceae family that contributes significantly to the agricultural economy of the mediterranean basin. the species includes two cultivated varieties, globe artichoke and cardoon, which are grown mainly for food. cynara cardunculus is an orphan crop species whose genome/transcriptome has been relatively unexplored, especially in comparison to other asteraceae crops. hence, there is a significant need to improve its genomic resources through t ... | 2012 | 22849342 |
| analysis of molecular genetic diversity of cardoon (cynara cardunculus l.) in tunisia. | the objective of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity, the relationships among six tunisian wild cardoon populations (cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris) and a tunisian's population of cultivated cardoon (cynara cardunculus var. altilis dc) in seven different geographical locations (tiurif, bahra, zriba, bouficha, enfidha, beja and wad mliz) from semi-arid and wet regions of tunisia. twenty-three selected microsatellite markers are used for a sample of 98 cardoon genotypes. the tot ... | 2012 | 22721560 |
| leaf polyphenol profile and ssr-based fingerprinting of new segregant cynara cardunculus genotypes. | the dietary value of many plant polyphenols lies in the protection given against degenerative pathologies. their in planta role is associated with the host's defense response against biotic and abiotic stress. the polyphenol content of a given plant tissue is strongly influenced by the growing environment, but is also genetically determined. plants belonging to the cynara cardunculus species (globe artichoke and the cultivated and wild cardoon) accumulate substantial quantities of polyphenols ma ... | 2014 | 25653660 |
| phytotoxicity of cardoon (cynara cardunculus) allelochemicals on standard target species and weeds. | cardoon (cynara cardunculus l.) is a native plant to the iberian peninsula and the european atlantic coast and invasive in american environments. different solvents were used to perform cardoon extracts that were tested in phytotoxic bioassays. the ethyl acetate extract had the highest inhibitory activity so this was tested on the germination and growth of standard target species (lettuce, watercress, tomato, and onion) and weeds (barnyardgrass and brachiaria). the ethyl acetate extract was very ... | 2014 | 24974850 |
| the rolc gene increases caffeoylquinic acid production in transformed artichoke cells. | caffeoylquinic acids are found in artichokes, and they are currently considered important therapeutic or preventive agents for treating alzheimer's disease and diabetes. we transformed artichoke [the cultivated cardoon or cynara cardunculus var. altilis dc (asteraceae)] with the rolc gene, which is a known inducer of secondary metabolism. high-performance liquid chromatography with uv and high-resolution mass spectrometry (hplc-uv-hrms) revealed that the predominant metabolites synthesized in th ... | 2014 | 24938208 |
| an integrated approach to the evaluation of a metabolomic fingerprint for a phytocomplex. focus on artichoke [cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus] leaf. | the availability of reliable herbal formulations is essential in order to assure the maximal activity and to limit unwanted side-effects. the correct concentration of declared components of herbal products is a matter of health legislation and regulation, but is still a topic under debate in the field of quality control assessment. in the present work specific constituents of artichoke leaf extracts, considered as a test herbal product, were measured by standard spectrophotometric and hplc metho ... | 2014 | 24868885 |
| salinity source-induced changes in yield, mineral composition, phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves of artichoke and cardoon grown in floating system. | leaves of artichoke (cynara cardunculus l. subsp. scolymus (l.) hegi) and cardoon (cynara cardunculus l. var. altilis dc) are traditionally used as herbal medicine. moderate salt stress could enhance antioxidant activity and phytochemicals in leaves. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chloride salts (nacl, kcl and cacl2) on biomass production, mineral composition, phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in leaves of artichoke and cardoon grown in a floating syst ... | 2014 | 24105819 |
| proteolytic effect of cynara cardunculus rennet for use in the elaboration of 'torta del casar' cheese. | the purpose of this work was to analyse the influence of rennet from different cynara cardunculus plants, selected for its clotting and proteolytic activity on caseins, on the characteristics of manufactured 'torta del casar' cheeses. after classifying the cardoon according to proteolytic activity into five groups of greater or lesser activity, 16 batches of cheeses were made with rennet derived from different wild cardoon plants. we observed a major development of the proteolysis during ripenin ... | 2013 | 24063288 |
| isolation of a polyphenol oxidase (ppo) cdna from artichoke and expression analysis in wounded artichoke heads. | the polyphenol oxidase (ppo) enzyme, which can catalyze the oxidation of phenolics to quinones, has been reported to be involved in undesirable browning in many plant foods. this phenomenon is particularly severe in artichoke heads wounded during the manufacturing process. a full-length cdna encoding for a putative polyphenol oxidase (designated as csppo) along with a 1432 bp sequence upstream of the starting atg codon was characterized for the first time from [cynara cardunculus var. scolymus ( ... | 2013 | 23628925 |
| antioxidant properties of seeds from lines of artichoke, cultivated cardoon and wild cardoon. | the artichoke (cynara cardunculus l. subsp. scolymus l.), the cultivated cardoon (cynara cardunculus var. altilis dc.) and the wild cardoon (cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris l.) are species widely distributed in the mediterranean area. the aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of seeds from lines of artichoke and cultivated and wild cardoon in both aqueous-organic extracts and their residues by frap (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and teac (trolox equivalent antio ... | 2013 | 26787623 |
| phenolic compounds and sesquiterpene lactones profile in leaves of nineteen artichoke cultivars. | leaves of globe artichoke are food industry byproducts gaining interest due to their therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. the total phenolics, flavonoids, and flavonols content as well as radical scavenging capacity and reducing antioxidant power were determined in leaves of 19 artichoke cultivars. an untargeted analysis based on high-resolution mass spectrometry was then carried out to profile phenolic compounds and sesquiterpene lactones (stls). the phenolic profile of leaf extracts from d ... | 2016 | 27792334 |
| wild food plants and minor crops in the ripollès district (catalonia, iberian peninsula): potentialities for developing a local production, consumption and exchange program. | wild food plants (wfp) have always been consumed by humans, first as the main basis of their food and, since the origins of agriculture, as ingredients of normal diets or as an alternative during situations of scarcity. in contemporary industrialized societies their use is for the most part being abandoned, but they may still play an important role. with the purpose of advancing in the ethnobotanical knowledge of one region of the catalan pyrenees, the present study reports the findings of a res ... | 2016 | 27765051 |
| genome-wide identification of bahd acyltransferases and in vivo characterization of hqt-like enzymes involved in caffeoylquinic acid synthesis in globe artichoke. | globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus l. var. scolymus) is a rich source of compounds promoting human health (phytonutrients), among them caffeoylquinic acids (cqas), mainly represented by chlorogenic acid (cga), and dicaffeoylquinic acids (dicqas). the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis belong to the large family of bahd acyltransferases. following a survey of the globe artichoke genome, we identified 69 bahd proteins carrying the catalytic site (hxxxd). their phylogenetic analysis together w ... | 2016 | 27721818 |
| αntioxidant activity of cynara scolymus l. and cynara cardunculus l. extracts obtained by different extraction techniques. | extracts of different parts (heads, bracts and stems) of cynara cardunculus l. (cardoon) and cynara scolymus l. (globe artichoke), obtained by two different extraction techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae) and classical extraction (ce)) were examined and compared for their total phenolic content (tpc) and their antioxidant activity. moreover, infusions of the plant's parts were also analysed and compared to aforementioned samples. results showed that cardoon's heads extract (obtained ... | 2017 | 27687506 |
| the joint action of sesquiterpene lactones from leaves as an explanation for the activity of cynara cardunculus. | the work described herein is a continuation of a previous study centered on the bioprospect of cardoon (cynara cardunculus) leaf extracts through the isolation of secondary metabolites with phytotoxic activity. chromatographic fractionations of the ethyl acetate extract and spectroscopic analysis showed that the majority of the components were sesquiterpene lactones. of these compounds, aguerin b, grosheimin, and cynaropicrin were very active on etiolated wheat coleoptile, standard target specie ... | 2016 | 27487046 |
| changes in biomass, mineral composition, and quality of cardoon in response to [formula: see text]:cl(-) ratio and nitrate deprivation from the nutrient solution. | leaf extracts of cultivated cardoon (cynara cardunculus l. var. altilis dc) are an important source of phenols. soilless culture represents an important and alternative tool to traditional agriculture, since it allows a precise control of plant nutrition and the maximization of yield and quality of the product. reducing n supply, while keeping quantity as high as possible is desirable for environmental and health-related reasons, especially that n deficiency can lead to improved concentrations o ... | 2016 | 27446196 |
| mild potassium chloride stress alters the mineral composition, hormone network, and phenolic profile in artichoke leaves. | there is a growing interest among consumers and researchers in the globe artichoke [cynara cardunculus l. subsp. scolymus (l.) hegi] leaf extract due to its nutraceutical and therapeutic properties. the application of an abiotic stress such as salinity can activate the stress-signaling pathways, thus enhancing the content of valuable phytochemicals. the aim of this study was to assess the metabolic changes in artichokes by probing the leaf metabolome of artichoke plants grown in a floating syste ... | 2016 | 27446175 |
| metabolomic fingerprinting of romaneschi globe artichokes by nmr spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. | globe artichoke (cynara cardunculus l. var. scolymus l. fiori) and cardoon (cynara cardunculus l. var. altilis dc) are sources of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds. | 2016 | 27437863 |
| agrimonia eupatoria l. and cynara cardunculus l. water infusions: comparison of anti-diabetic activities. | diabetes mellitus (dm) is frequently diagnosed at a time when patients already suffer from several cardiovascular complications. our previously published data (molecules 201520 (11): 20538-50) on the anti-oxidative properties of agrimonia eupatoria l. (ae) and cynara cardunculus l. (cc) prompted us to extend the available evidence on their possible protective activities on selected dm-related parameters in a streptozotocin-induced dm rat model and in a series of in vitro experiments. male rats w ... | 2016 | 27136516 |