| uptake, translocation, and metabolism of tirpate in tobacco. nicotiana tabacum. | | 1975 | 433 |
| isolation and purification of cytokinin binding protein from tobacco leaves by affinity column chromatography. | | 1975 | 1025 |
| nature and fate of insecticide residues inhaled by rats in cigarette smoke. | radioactive carbaryl, carbofuran, parathion, leptophos, and ddt were added to cigarettes and the mainstream smoke was directed to the lungs of rats via the trachea. total radiocarbon transfer to the lungs ranged from 9 to 15% of that in the tobacco burned during a smoking process involving eight 5-ml puffs. exhalation of 14c residues during this time was 24 to 30% of that inhaled with all insecticides except carbofuran, of which 42% of the residues was exhaled. after 5 hr, total exhalation of th ... | 1975 | 1227 |
| pyrolysis of chitin, a potential tobacco extender. | | 1976 | 1432 |
| chemistry of tobacco constituents. oxidation of alpha-ionone and the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 5-keto-alpha-ionone. | | 1976 | 1433 |
| polyamino acid induced aphid transmission of plant viruses. | aphids transmitted poly-l-ornithine (plo)-treated tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) when given acquistion and inoculation access periods as brief as 30 s and 2 min, respectively; the ability to transmit was lost within 90 min. aphids without claws were able to transmit the virus. transmission thus seems similar to that of nonpersistent viruses. the ratio of virus to polyamino acid, as well as the kcl concentration, markedly affected transmission. transmission was best from mixtures which contained 250 ... | 1975 | 1467 |
| a study of tobacco carcinogenesis. xiii. tumor-promoting subfractions of the weakly acidic fraction. | the weakly acidic fraction (waf) of cigarette smoke particulate matter was fractioned by silica get chromatography. we assayed the various primary subfractions for potential tumor-promoting activity by measuring the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into mouse epidermal dna as induced by these subfractions. based on these results and on chemical composition, the primary subfractions, were then combined into four major subfractions and tested on initiated mouse skin for tumor-promoting activit ... | 1975 | 1547 |
| self-assembly of biological macromolecules. | the genetic apparatus of the cell is responsible for the accurate biosynthesis of the primary structure of macromolecules which then spontaneously fold up and, in certain circumstances, aggregate to yield the complex tertiary and quaternary structures of the biologically active molecules. structures capable of self-assembly in this range from simple monomers through oligomers to complex multimeric structures that may contain more than one type of polypeptide chain and components other than prote ... | 1975 | 1808 |
| circular-dichroism and absorption spectroscopic studies on specific aromatic residues involved in the different modes of aggregation of tobacco-mosaic-virus protein. | conformational changes accompanying the different modes of aggregation of tobacco mosaic virus protein (tmv-protein) were investigated using circular dichroism (cd) and absorption difference spectra in the range of aromatic absorption. comparing wild-type protein and mutant ni 2068 (tyr-139 leads to cys-139) a tentative localization of aromatic amino acids in the three-dimensional structure is rendered possible. in all modes of aggregation the cd spectra are determined by intrasubunit interactio ... | 1976 | 2466 |
| a mechanism for tobacco smoke-induced allergy. | normal cfw mice, when exposed to tobacco smoke, showed a significantly increased susceptibility to the lethal effects of histamine. the ld50 for mice subjected to smoke was 45 mg/kg of histamine, whereas in normal cfw mice the ld50 was 1,100 mg/kg. the histamine susceptibility of smoked mice was markedly diminished by injecting the animals with isoproterenol. normal cfw mice, as well as sham control mice, exhibited an epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia, whereas the blood glucose values for smoked ... | 1976 | 2631 |
| oxygenase properties of crystallized fraction 1 protein from tobacco. | | 1976 | 4032 |
| ecdysome 20-hydroxylase from the midgut of the tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta l.). | an ecdysone 20-hydroxylase enzyme system that converts alpha-ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone was prepared from the midgut of the tobacco hornworm prepupa. this partially purified enzyme is nadph dependent and is localized in the mitochondrial fraction of the midgut tissue. | 1976 | 5286 |
| enzymatic acylation of histidine to tobacco mosaic virus rna. | | 1976 | 5804 |
| polarity of the rna in the tobacco mosaic virus particle and the direction of protein stripping in sodium dodecyl sulphate. | | 1976 | 6327 |
| polygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase in the osmotic shock fluid of erwinia rubrifaciens: characterization of the purified enzyme and its effect on plant cells. | an endopolygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase (ec 4.2.2.2), released by osmotic shock of erwinia rubrifaciens cells, has been purified to near homogeneity (3, 100-fold) by column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, phosphocellulose, and hydroxyapatite-cellulose followed by isoelectric focusing. it has a molecular weight of 41,000, s20,w of 3.09s, an isoelectric point of ph 6.25, ph optimum of 9.5, and a temperature optimum of 37 c and requires ca2+ with an optimum concentration of 0.5 ... | 1976 | 6435 |
| a ph-dependent conformational change in the coat protein subunits from potato virus x. | both the circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of the dissociated coat protein subunits from potato virus x changed substantially over the ph range 8 to 4, irreversible changes resulted below ph 4, with tyrosyl and tryptophanyl residues affected most. the titration curves show a pka of about 5.6 and do not require cooperative interactions between the coat protein subunits, thus they are in marked contrast to titrations of tobacco mosaic virus a-protein. the spectra of the intact virus were ... | 1976 | 10980 |
| uptake of labelled tobacco mosaic virus by tobacco protoplasts in the presence of metabolic inhibitors and at low temperature. | in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis and energy metabolism, tobacco protoplasts were shown to retain 14c-labelled tobacco mosaic virus (14c-tmv) with the same intensity as in control. at 2 degrees c, the protoplasts retained 14c-tmv at approximately the same rate as at 25 degrees c. in protoplasts inocculated at different temperatures, approximately equal amounts of infectious virus were produced, this being possibly indicative of a non-physiological nature of the first stages of v ... | 1976 | 11673 |
| the infection of cucumber mesophyll protoplasts with tobacco mosaic virus. | protoplasts from the first leaf mesophyll of cucumber plants were isolated by an 18 hours combined petinase/cellulase treatment. conditions favouring the infection of these protoplasts with tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), and the accumulation of infective virus up to 96 hours after inoculation have been studied. infection of approximately 5--10 per cent of the protoplats, revealed by indirect fluorescent antibody staining, was achieved by pre-treatment of the cells in 0.01 m citrate-buffered mannito ... | 1976 | 11764 |
| chemical studies on tobacco smoke. xlii. nitrosonornicotine: presence in tobacco, formation and carcinogenicity. | nnn is the first organic carcinogen isolated from unburned tobacco. it has been found in smoking tobaccos, chewing tobaccos and in snuff in concentrations between 0.3 and 90.0 mug. this appears to be an unusually high concentration for a nitrosamine in an environmental agent. we have presented data which suggest that nnn, and possibly other unknown nitrosamines, are formed during the curing of tobacco and that the nitrate content of tobacco is an important factor in nitrosamine formation. studie ... | 1976 | 12092 |
| tobacco rattle virus rna-protein interactions. | for the purpose of attempting to generalize the rules concerning morphogenesis of helical viruses, the in vitro reconstitution of the cam strain of trv was studied. the conditions for reconstitution and the importance of the aggregation state of the protein for initiation and elongation are compared with those of tmv. the initiation step consisting of the binding of rna with the 36s disk of protein was easily accomplished. the polarity and the specificity of encapsidation of trv rna by homologou ... | 1976 | 13428 |
| specific encapsidation of fragments of tmv rna. | the in vitro reconstitution of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) is initiated by the binding of a disk of tmv protein to the 'disk recognition site', a region of the rna chain at or near the 5'-terminus for which the disk has special affinity. in order to gain insight into the recognition process, we have studied the ability of disks to encapsidate short rna fragments produced by partial pancreatic or t1 rnase digestion of tmv rna. the disk is capable of dicriminating among such fragments, encapsidatin ... | 1976 | 13430 |
| the region of tobacco mosaic virus rna involved in the nucleation of assembly. | the interaction of tmv rna with the disk aggregate of tmv protein at the initiation of assembly has been studied by using the techniques of rna sequencing. the 5' end group has been identified, and shown not to be protected in the early stages of assembly from accessibility to nuclease digestion. a population of rna fragments of average length 250 nucleotides, originating from a unique region of tmv rna, is encapsidated by limited assembly, and sufficient sequence information is available to ide ... | 1976 | 13431 |
| polarity of stripping of tobacco mosaic virus by alkali and sodium dodecyl sulfate. | | 1977 | 13534 |
| interaction of tobacco mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus protein with bovine serum albumin. | | 1977 | 13727 |
| hydrazine activation of guanylate cyclase: potential application to tobacco carcinogenesis. | | 1977 | 13797 |
| the use of tris-hcl buffer for inoculation of tomato protoplasts with tobacco mosaic virus. | when tris-hcl was used as the buffer for inoculation of tomato protoplasts with tobacco mosaic virus, a greater proportion became infected than when phosphate was used. using 0-05 m-tris-hcl buffer, ph 8-0, in the presence of poly-l-ornithine or poly-d-lysine, 50 to 80 % infection was obtained. | 1976 | 14223 |
| analytical centrifugation of the disk aggregates of tobacco rattle virus protein. | | 1977 | 14437 |
| mucociliary function and its alteration by certain irritants (author's transl). | mucociliary clearance is usually estimated in vivo by the measurement of mucus transfer or by clearance of radio-active tracers previously deposited in the airways. these methods are relatively difficult and complex so that for routine studies measures are usually made of ciliary activity. to clarify the consequences of changes in activity the authors have established the relationship between the speed of mucus transport and the frequency of ciliary beating. from their own studies and from evide ... | 1977 | 14756 |
| pathways of silicomolybdate photoreduction and associated photophosphorylation in tobacco chloroplasts. | three sites of silicomolybdate reduction in the electron transport chain of isolated tobacco chloroplasts are described. the relative participation of these sites is greatly influenced by the particular reaction conditions. one site (the only site when the reaction medium contains high concentrations of bovine serum albumin (greater than 5 mg/ml) is associated with photosystem i, since it supports phosphorylation with a p/e2 value close to 1 and the reaction is totally sensitive to both plastocy ... | 1977 | 15593 |
| cation binding by tobacco mosaic virus. | | 1977 | 16379 |
| cation binding by tobacco rattle virus. | | 1977 | 16380 |
| measurement of transport in mucous membrane in the human nose with cr-51-labeled resin beads. | the mucociliary transport of the human nasal mucosa was studied by using very small resin beads tagged with 51cr. several modifications of previous methods were introduced, e.g. kind of nuclide, particle size, ph, mode of application, measuring technique and reduction of local irradiation. finally arrangements implying exact measurements of transport not only horizontally but also vertically or obliquely were obtained. no mucociliary transport was demonstrated in five of nine subjects with a com ... | 1977 | 16426 |
| stimulation of in vitro translation of messenger rna by actinomycin d and cordycepin. | actinomycin d and cordycepin were tested for their effect on translation in the wheat germ embryo extract and reticulocyte lysate assays for in vitro protein synthesis. both drugs were found to stimulate the incorporation of 35s-labeled methionine into protein up to threefold as compared to control assays. this was true for synthesis directed by murine myeloma polyadenylate-containing rna, tobacco mosaic virus rna, and endogenous reticulocyte messenger rna. | 1977 | 17919 |
| comparison of interferon-inducing activities and antiviral effects of tobacco mosaic virus, tilorone and sodium nucleinate. | endogenous interferon was produced in animals in response to the administration of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), tilorone and sodium nucleinate. the relationship between interferon production and the kind of inducer and the route of its administration was studied. tmv was completely innocuous for macaca rhesus monkeys and mice and caused no untoward effects in humans upon peroral administration. tmv, tilorone and sodium nucleinate given per os exerted a marked protective effect in mice against tic ... | 1977 | 20769 |
| bacterial lipopolysaccharides as inducers of disease resistance in tobacco. | the cell wall component of pseudomonas solanacearum that induces disease resistance in tobacco was highly heat stable at neutral or alkaline ph but highly labile at acid ph. activity was unaffected by nucleases and proteases but destroyed by a mixture of beta-glycosidases. washing of bacterial cell walls released a lipopolysaccharide (lps) fraction with high inducer activity. purified lps, extracted by a variety of procedures from whole cells, isolated cell walls, and culture filtrates of both s ... | 1977 | 21613 |
| cigarette smoke activates guanylate cyclase and increases guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in tissues. | the gaseous phase of cigarette smoke induced a 2- to 36-fold increase in the activity of guanylate cyclase in supernatant and particulate fractions from various rat and bovine tissues over basal activity. the characteristics of this phenomenon paralleled those of the activation of guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide, which is a component of tobacco smoke. | 1977 | 22126 |
| effect of amino acid replacement on the stability of the tobacco mosaic virus protein structure. | a comparative polarographic study on the alkaline degradation of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) strain vulgare and its mutant tmv 483, having histidine instead of glutamine at position 9 in the polypeptide chain, was performed. in the course of alkaline degradation and subsequent incubation in the supporting electrolyte at 0 degrees c tmv 483, unlike tmv vulgare, showed a polarographic effect indicating the unfolding of the tmv polypeptide. it was concluded that the replacement of glutamine-9 by his ... | 1977 | 22230 |
| hydrogen ion uptake upon tobacco mosaic virus protein polymerization. | | 1977 | 22763 |
| saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of spin labeled tobacco mosaic virus protein. | | 1977 | 23118 |
| the characterization of intermediates formed during the disassembly of tobacco mosaic virus at alkaline ph. | | 1978 | 23605 |
| the role of chloride ion in photosystem ii. i. effects of chloride ion on photosystem ii electron transport and on hydroxylamine inhibition. | 1. chloroplasts washed with cl--free, low-salt media (ph 8) containing edta, show virtually no dcmu-insensitive silicomolybdate reduction. the activity is readily restored when 10 mm cl- is added to the reaction mixture. very similar results were obtained with the other photosystem ii electron acceptor 2,5-dimethylquinone (with dibromothymoquinone), with the photosystem i electron acceptor fmn, and also with ferricyanide which accepts electrons from both photosystems. 2. strong cl--dependence of ... | 1978 | 26390 |
| sugars and fluoride in chewing tobacco and snuff. | | 1978 | 26988 |
| inactivation of tobacco ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase by 2,3-butanedione. | | 1978 | 29630 |
| a 13c and 1h nmr study on rod-like polymerization of tobacco mosaic virus protein. | | 1978 | 29780 |
| properties of solubilized rna-dependent rna polymerase from alfalfa mosaic virus-infected and healthy tobacco plants. | | 1978 | 33485 |
| mechanism of self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus protein. i. nucleation-controlled kinetics of polymerization. | | 1979 | 34729 |
| mechanism of self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus protein. ii. characterization of the metastable polymerization nucleus and the initial stages of helix formation. | | 1979 | 34730 |
| [comparative study of the antiviral properties of histones of animal and plant origin]. | the antiviral properties of histones of animal (thymus) and plant (french beans) origin were studied in plants and with a plant virus, tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). histones of the thymus and french beans were shown to be able to inhibit tmv reproduction. the antiviral properties of histones were found to depend on their concentration, ph, and to be determined by the modes of their introduction into leaves. the manifestation of the antiviral properties of histones seems to require not only their d ... | 1978 | 34928 |
| dark field imaging of biological macromolecules with the scanning transmission electron microscope. | a scanning transmission electron microscope (stem) equipped with a field emission gun has been employed for the examination of biological macromolecules at high resolution. the quality of micrographs obtained with the stem is dependent upon the quality of the substrate used to support biological objects because the image contrast in dark field is proportional to the mass density of the specimen. in order to reduce deleterious effects of the substrates on the image quality, we have developed a me ... | 1979 | 35788 |
| [symposium "tobacco and alcohol, medical and social problems: introduction]. | | 1979 | 36946 |
| [opening address by federal councillor hans hürlimann at the occasion of the symposium "tobacco and alcohol, medical and social problems", of 13 october 1978 in zürich]. | | 1979 | 36948 |
| relations between reported alcohol consumption and certain biological variables in an "unselected" population. | we looked for variables that could serve as indexes of alcohol consumption. we tested iron, gamma-glutamyltransferase, mean erythrocyte volume, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration, urea, uric acid, and alanine aminotransferase, among others, in an unselected population of men, and by principal components analysis we singled out the correlation between the two enzymes and the two hematologic values. on the other hand, calculation of the coefficients of correlation between the total amount o ... | 1979 | 37002 |
| influence of heavy smoking upon the bone mineral content of the radius of the aged and effect of tobacco smoke on the sensitivity to calcitonin of rats. | using norland-cameron bone mineral analyzer bma 178 type, it has been found that bone mineral content of the radius is considerably less in male heavy smokers aged 61 to 75 and 76 to 90, then in nonsmokers with similar age. less difference was found within the group of 61 to 75 year old women. furthermore, also it has been pointed out that the sensitivity to calcitonin of rats inhaling tobacco smoke is considerably less, than that of control rats. it is possible that smoking promotes the decreas ... | 1979 | 39459 |
| hazards from chemicals: scientific questions and conflicts of interest. | all substances are toxic when the dose is large enough. in order to regulate the use of chemicals, we need to measure the level at which toxic effects are found. epidemiological evidence suggests that present levels of chemical use do not lead to widespread harmful contamination of the human environment. for chemicals, most of the problems of toxicity are found in the workplace, while the population at large gets most of its toxic effects from voluntary exposure to substances such as tobacco smo ... | 1979 | 40239 |
| a controlled study on the preventive effect of ketotifen, an antiallergic agent, on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. | we studied the preventive effect of ketotifen, an oral drug with antianaphylactic and antihistaminic properties on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in controlled cross-over experiments in twenty-six adult patients with extrinsic asthma. both a single dose of 1 mg ketotifen and 4 weeks treatment of ketotifen, 1 mg twice daily, failed to reduce the methacholine-induced drop in peak expiratory flow. the spirometric findings remained unchanged during ketotifen treatment. there was no differe ... | 1979 | 40709 |
| a modified procedure for the preparation of udp-beta-l-(u-14c)rhamnose. | this paper describes the synthesis of udp-l-(u-14c)rhamnose from udp-d-(u-14c)glucose and nadph using an enzyme preparation of nicotiana tabacum var. xanthi. a procedure to separate udp-l-rhamnose from the other compounds in the reaction mixture is described. optimal separation was achieved in ethanol 95%-1 m ammonium acetate (ph 3.8) (7:3, v/v) at 30 degrees c. | 1979 | 41233 |
| factors affecting theophylline clearances: age, tobacco, marijuana, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, obesity, oral contraceptives, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and ethanol. | | 1979 | 41932 |
| antiphytoviral activity of 2,4 dioxo hexahydro triazine. | three treatments with 2,4 dioxo hexahydro triazine (dht) significantly reduced the concentration of potato virus x (pvx) in systemically infected tobacco plants. in hypersensitive plants dht caused a reduction in the number of local lesions produced by pvx. in systemic and hypersensitive hosts, treatment with dht resulted in a more or less marked reduction in the concentration of, and in the number of local lesions caused by, potato virus y (pvy), potato virus a (pva), tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) ... | 1979 | 42301 |
| [résumé of the 4th conference on tobacco and health]. | | 1979 | 43169 |
| inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in tobacco chloroplasts and thylakoids of the blue green alga oscillatoria chalybea by an antiserum to synthetic zeaxanthin. | an antiserum to synthetic zeaxanthin inhibits photosynthetic electron transport on the oxygen-evolving side of photosystem ii in tobacco chloroplasts and thylakoids of the filamentous blue-green alga oscillatoria chalybea. the inhibition site lies for both species between the site of electron donation of water or tetramethyl benzidine and that of diphenyl carbazide or manganese ii ions. typical photosystem i reactions are not impaired by the antiserum. the effect of the antiserum concerning the ... | 1979 | 44593 |
| nicotine absorption by workers harvesting green tobacco. | green-tobacco sickness is an occupational illness of tobacco harvesters. symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and prostration. the disease is self-limited and of short duration, but recurs frequently in susceptible workers. the aetiology is not known, but nicotine has been suspected as a causative agent. thirty-two workers on four north carolina tobacco farms were studied during harvesting. none of these workers smoked or chewed tobacco. urinary cotinine (the major metabolite of n ... | 1975 | 46956 |
| letter: green-tobacco sickness. | | 1975 | 48025 |
| editorial: tobacco substitutes and additives. | | 1975 | 51971 |
| acute effects of smoking tobacco and a tobacco substitute on lung function in man. | the acute effects on airway function of smoking one cigarette of a tobacco substitute 'new smoking material' (nsm), one cigarette of conventional tobacco, and one cigarette containing 70% tobacco and 30% nsm, were studied in 6 healthy nonsmokers and 6 healthy smokers. none of the cigarettes produced any change in three tests of small-airway function (flow-volume curves, closing volume, frequency dependence of compliance). however, smoking either one conventional tobacco cigarette or the 30% nsm/ ... | 1975 | 52052 |
| mortality from lung cancer and coronary heart-disease in relation to changes in smoking habits. | changes in the type and quantity of cigarettes smoked in the united kingdom from 1956 to 1971 are compared with changes in the dealth-rates due to lung cancer and coronary heart-disease (c.h.d.) from 1956 to 1973. associated with a change in filter cigarettes there has been a decrease in lung-cancer mortality among men aged less than sixty years despite little change in the number of cigarettes smoked. in contrast, lung-cancer mortality has increased in women along with their cigarette consumpti ... | 1976 | 54649 |
| electron microscopy of tobacco mosaic virus prepared with the aid of negative staining-carbon film techniques. | the negative staining-carbon technique has been applied to suspensions of freshly prepared type strain tobacco mosaic virus particles in high concentrations. electron microscope images show that paracrystalline arrays of the virus were formed, in which large areas of rods could be viewed along their long axes and in parallel arrays in horizontal positions. high-resolution micrographs showed the protein structure units in rods photographed in both vertical and horizontal orientations. | 1976 | 58964 |
| letter: contamination of cigarettes and pipe tobacco by cadmium-oxide dust. | | 1976 | 60676 |
| inhibition of electron transport on the oxygen-evolving side of photosystem ii by an antiserum to a polypeptide isolated from the thylakoid membrane. | a polypeptide fraction with the apparent molecular weight 11 000 was isolated from stroma-freed chloroplasts from anthirrhinum majus. an antiserum to this polypeptide fraction inhibits photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts from nicotiana tabacum. the relative degree of inhibition is ph dependent and has its maximum at ph 7.4. the maximal inhibition observed was 93%. the dependence of the inhibition on the amount of antiserum yields a sigmoidal curve which hints at a cooperative effec ... | 1976 | 60846 |
| oral cytologic patterns in relation to smoking habits. some epithelial, microfloral, and leukocytic characteristics. | papanicolaou smears from the cheeks and tongues of 790 alcoholic patients were evaluted for possible associations between cytologic features and cigarette consumption. the findings appear consonant with the view that microscopic changes are frequent in clinically unremarkable areas of the mouth and that tobacco induces some of the cellular changes to which its use has been clinically and epidemiologically related. | 1976 | 61570 |
| sharing of idiotypic specificities between different antibody populations from an individual rabbit. | rabbits hyperimmunized with tobacco mosaic virus synthesize very heterogeneous antibodies. despite this, specific anti-idiotypic sera recognizing a large part (70%) of these antibodies can be raised in rabbits matched for allotypic specificities a1, a2, a3, b4, b5, b6, c7, and b9. different rabbits synthesize antibodies with different idiotypic specificities. however, in the serum of a single rabbit antibody fractions of different isoelectric ph share some idiotypic specificities. the results sh ... | 1975 | 61876 |
| the formation of phenotypically mixed particles upon mixed assembly of some tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) strains. | | 1977 | 65827 |
| mixed infection with two tobamoviruses: the formation of particles containing the coat protein messenger rnas of either virus. | plants mixedly infected with the u2 strain of tobacco mosaic virus (t2mv) and sunnhemp mosaic virus (shmv) and grown at 35 degrees, yield particles of the same modal lengths (300 and 40 nm) as those found in plants singly infected with shmv, but not in plants infected with t2mv, which yield only the long particles. at least some of the particles produced in mixedly infected plants contain coat proteins of both viruses. when rnas from these particles are translated in vitro the coat proteins of b ... | 1976 | 67100 |
| isolation of specific antibody under conditions of low ionic strength. | specific rabbit and goat antibodies to tobacco mosaic virus, bovine serum albumin and human gamma globulin have been isolated by acid dissociation from the antigen in the absence of salt. maximum recovery of 96-100% of active antibody occurred at ph 2.8-2.9. the amount of antibody recovered within any given ph range was highly reproducible. the average antibody affinity was found to be correlated with the pth of dissociation and to decrease exponentially with the length of exposure to acid condi ... | 1977 | 68980 |
| effects of hbag-containing sera on tobacco plants. | | 1976 | 74481 |
| kepone--hazard evaluation. | kepone is a persistent chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide which is no longer manufactured in the u.s.a., its uses having been cancelled on april 11, 1977; previous food uses included control of the banana root borer, and non-food uses included control of tobacco wireworm, ants, and cockroaches. an adduct of kepone, kelevan, is now distributed by spiess and sohn, chemische fabrik, germany, with an as yet unknown manufacturer, for control of the colorado potato beetle in eastern europe and ireland, ... | 1978 | 74851 |
| air pollution and cytological changes in sputum. | the increase in sputum cellularity due to inflammatory and bronchial epithelial cells was compared in two groups of 308 and 399 subjects drawn from populations exposed to air-pollution levels common in industrialised countries. single morning sputum specimens were examined and the differences in increased sputum cellularity between the two groups, stratified by age, sex, and tobacco consumption was assessed by the summary x2 test of mantel-haenszel. the group exposed to heavier air pollution had ... | 1978 | 76070 |
| substitute-tobacco tar toxicity. | | 1978 | 76156 |
| substitute-tobacco tar toxicity. | | 1978 | 76778 |
| cigarette consumption and deaths from coronary heart-disease. | there is a positive association between cigarette smoking and coronary heart-disease (c.h.d.). in non-fatal myocardial infarction a dose-response relation persists even after the effects of additional variables have been controlled for. the relation between cigarette consumption and deaths from c.h.d. was investigated in a matched-pair case/control study. the overall simple matched-pair risk ratio (r.r.) between current smokers and non-smokers was 1.9 (95% confidence limits 1.5-2.4). for smokers ... | 1978 | 77378 |
| a comparison of the polypeptide isoelectric points and antigenic determinant sites of the large subunit of fraction 1 protein from lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum and petunia hybrida. | the large subunit of fraction 1 protein from lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum and petunia hybrida has been examined by isoelectric focusing of the s-carboxymethylated polypeptides, and by double immunodiffusion with antiserum raised against fraction 1 protein. the immunological results reveal heterogeneity in the large subunit primary structure not identified by isoelectric focusing. a variable phylogeny can be generated depending on whether serological or electrofocusing criteria are ... | 1978 | 77685 |
| increases in laryngeal cancer in britain and australia in relation to alcohol and tobacco consumption trends. | the incidence of laryngeal and oesophageal cancers has recently risen in britain and australia, particularly in younger people, after many decades of steady decline. in view of accruing evidence that head-and-neck cancers are causally related to alcohol and tobacco consumption, particularly in combination, it seems that the upsurge in consumption of alcohol and cigarettes after the 1939-45 war is now reflected in the increases in these two cancers, particularly in young women. the time-trends in ... | 1978 | 78006 |
| ingested mutagens from opium and tobacco pyrolysis products and cancer of the oesophagus. | substances which are commonly sucked or chewed in two areas where the incidence of oesophageal cancer is high, the transkei and north-east iran, were tested in bacterial mutagenicity assays. pyrolysed substances, opium dross in north-east iran and tobacco pipe residues in the transkei, displayed mutagenic activity in salmonella typhimurium strains ta98 and ta100 in the presence of rat liver microsomes. | 1978 | 79865 |
| immunogenic properties of tobacco smoke. | the immunogenic capacity of tobacco smoke or tobacco smoke in combination with host proteins to stimulate antibody production in rabbits was investigated. several antisera from rabbits immunized with tobacco smoke components reacted by immunoprecipitation with tobacco smoke or leaf antigens. the serum precipitins were present only in immune sera and had electrophoretic mobility and molecular size identical to immunoglobulin. these results suggest that tobacco smoke contains components capable of ... | 1978 | 81845 |
| is pulmonary dysfunction the common denominator for the multiple effects of cigarette smoking? | it is suggested that pulmonary dysfunction underlies the many diverse and apparently non-specific effects of cigarette smoking. the differences in degree as well as type of clinical expression probably derive not only from the multiplicity of constituents of the tobacco itself but also from the variation in vulnerability of different individuals and different target organs, which is attributable to other environmental exposures, previous history, and intrinsic susceptibility. | 1978 | 82037 |
| laryngeal cancer and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. | | 1978 | 82116 |
| immunochemical studies on the tobacco mosaic virus protein. | the decapeptide having the amino acid sequence thr-thr-ala-glu-thr-leu-asp-ala-thr-arg has been shown to be a major antigenic determinant of the tobacco mosaic virus protein in rabbits, mice and guinea pigs. the antigenic specificity of the decapeptide is attributed to its c-terminal tripeptide ala-thr-arg. although this tripeptide has no demonstrable binding with antibodies to the protein, its n-octanoylated derivative exhibits specific binding with antibodies as well as the capacity to elicit ... | 1978 | 82381 |
| food allergies and migraine. | 60 migraine patients completed elimination diets after a 5-day period of withdrawal from their normal diet. 52 (87%) of these patients had been using oral contraceptive steroids, tobacco, and/or ergotamine for an average of 3 years, 22 years, and 7.4 years respectively. the commonest foods causing reactions were wheat (78%), orange (65%), eggs (45%), tea and coffee (40% each), chocolate and milk (37%) each), beef (35%), and corn, cane sugar, and yeast (33% each). when an average of ten common fo ... | 1979 | 87628 |
| transitory increase in chromosomal dna (fleulgen) during floral differentiation in rhoeo discolor. | scanning cytophotometric measurements on 3200 telophase and 1700 interphase nuclei (feulgen-stained) in vegetative and reproductive buds of rhoeo discolor revealed a transitory increase in staining intensity in more than half of the cells in early differentiating floral buds. the differences between the vegetative and floral nuclei are significant at the 0.001 level of probability and highly reproducible, independent of the type of hydrolysis used. we suggest that the different feulgen extinctio ... | 1979 | 88268 |
| immunochemical studies of tobacco mosaic virus--iii. demonstration of five antigenic regions in the protein sub-unit. | | 1979 | 90642 |
| tobacco leaf mesophyll peroxidase. isolation, purification and some properties. | two isoperoxidases, p1 and p2, were isolated from tobacco mesophyll leaves by the combined methods of ammonium sulphate precipitation, page and deae-cellulose column chromatography. the ph otpima for p1 and p2 were 7.0 and 7.5 respectively. the values of km for h2o2 were 1.82 and 0.87 mm for p1 and p2. results from this investigationsuggest that these isoperoxidases differ in their electrophoretic, catalytic and physical properties. | 1979 | 90669 |
| marketing in developing countries. | i fully support the views of mr. chetley of war on want on the marketing of infant foods in developing countries (oct. 6, p. 747). my experience of eight years medical work in west africa prompts me to broaden the debate. advertising and promotional practices used by many european and american pharmaceutical companies are in many instances directed primarily to the non-professional and often poorly educated general public and appear to be geared simply to achieve the maximum volume of sales. ... | 1979 | 91009 |
| t-lymphocyte response to cytochrome c. i. demonstration of a t-cell heteroclitic proliferative response and identification of a topographic antigenic determinant on pigeon cytochrome c whose immune recognition requires two complementing major histocompatibility complex-linked immune response genes. | the t-lymphocyte proliferative response to pigeon cytochrome c was studied in the mouse. h-2a and h-2k strains were responders to this antigen whereas h-2b, h-2d, h-2f, h-2ja, h-2p, h-2q, h-2r, h-2s, and h-2u strains were low or nonresponders. genetic mapping demonstrated that two major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-linked ir genes control the response, one in i-a, the other in i-e/i-c. the major antigenic determinant recognized in this response was localized by cross-stimulations with specie ... | 1979 | 92520 |
| infectivity suppressing and virus-binding activities of a membrane material isolated from tobacco leaves. | tmv binding substance (r) was isolated from a tobacco leaf membrane fraction and was purified by extraction with organic solvents and by column chromatography. experimental results suggest that the binding of r with tmv results in inactivation of tmv. when tobacco leaves were inoculated with the r-tmv complex, it was found that the formation of polysome containing infecting viral rna was inhibited. model experiments showed that the mode of r-tmv adsorption to the membrane is different from that ... | 1979 | 94422 |
| [synthesis of virus-specific products following introduction of tobacco mosaic virus rna pereparations and the native virus into acetabularia]. | the possibility to synthesize the viral-specific products after microinjection of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) preparations and the tmv rna into the single-celled seaweed acetabularia was studied. the accumulation of the newly synthesized protein and double-stranded rna 24 hours after injection of tmv rna and native virus preparations was demonstrated by immunological and immunofluorescent methods. the virus titer sharply dropped 3--4 hours after introduction into acetabularia and in 48 hours it r ... | 1978 | 96330 |
| who pays health costs of alcohol and tobacco? | | 1978 | 98713 |
| isolation and characterization of rna polymerase b from the larval fat body of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | dna-dependent rna polymerase b has been extensively purified from the larval fat body of the tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) by employing chromatography on ion-exchange columns of deae-sephadex, deae-cellulose and phosphocellulose and centrifugation on glycerol gradients. the isolated enzyme after electrophoresis on acrylamide gels shows one main band and one minor band, both having enzyme activity sensitive to alpha-amanitin. the catalytic and physicochemical properties of the enzyme are simil ... | 1978 | 101373 |
| tobacco smoking and nicotine tolerance. | | 1978 | 101854 |
| tobacco and nicotine self-administration in humans: the evolution of a methodology. | | 1978 | 101855 |
| self-administration of cigarettes with varying tobacco and nicotine content. | | 1978 | 101857 |
| [myocardial infarct before the age of 36: 20 cases]. | twenty cases of myocardial infarction in 16 males and 4 females and less than 36 are reported. the number of heavy smokers was greater than in other age groups (86%), and an association between tobacco consumption and lipid abnormalities was found in 3/4 of cases. all the females were on contraceptive treatment, one recurring during pregnancy. the clinical features of the infarctions were an onset which was usually unexpected (n=14), ar attack which was sometimes precipitated by exercise (n=3), ... | 1978 | 102276 |