| the analysis of essential oils and extracts (oleoresins) from seasonings--a critical review. | a critical review of the analytical methods employed for the determination of the relevant components of seasonings is presented. where the available methods were inadequate, new ones have been devised. particular emphasis has been placed on those methods of analysis that provide a rapid and sufficiently accurate appraisal of seasoning extracts and essential oils from seasonings under routine control laboratory conditions. at the same time, the margin of error of these methods has been determine ... | 1977 | 336288 |
| [determination of the pigmenting carotenoids in feeds and premixes for laying hens and broilers (author's transl)]. | a method for the quantitative determination of the main carotenoids, such as lutein, zeaxanthin, apocarotenoic acid ethyl ester, bixin, canthaxanthin, citranaxanthin and paprika pigments in feeds and premixes for laying hens and broilers is described. the method has, compared to the known analytical procedures, several advantages: 1. differentiation between lutein and zeaxanthin which have different pigmentation properties. 2. reduction of distribution errors for added carotenoids by increasing ... | 1977 | 556873 |
| occurrence of patulin in fruit and vegetables. | in different varieties of apples and pears suffering from brown rot, patulin was found in about 50 p. 100 of samples investigated (about 120). patulin levels as high as 1 g/kg rotten material were found 2-3 days after the fruit was removed from the cold store where it had been stored for 5 months. a significant diffusion into the healthy plant tissue was not observed in apples, but in peaches, tomatoes and pears. vegetable products with natural patulin content: apples, pears, peaches, apricots, ... | 1977 | 613910 |
| incidence of aflatoxin-potential contamination in spanish sausages. | 525 strains of moulds were isolated from 8 samples of red pepper (capsicum annuum) and from 3 samples of black pepper (piper nigrum). these spices were commonly added to the various kinds of spanish sausages, specially to the spanish "chorizo". of these 525 isolated moulds, 100 belonged to the aspergillus flavus group. 69 were isolated from red pepper and 31 from black pepper. of these strains, 28 strains isolated from red pepper were found positive in producing aflatoxin b1 while only 8 of the ... | 1977 | 613913 |
| cercaricidal activity of some essential oils of plants from brazil. | extended screening tests on the cercaricidal activity of various plants from northeast brazil have shown that the extracts of the leaves and fruits of piper marginatum, protium heptaphyllum, and capsicum annuum show a remarkable effect on the cercaria of schistosoma mansoni. in the case of the oils of piper marginatum and capsicum annuum, 90--96% of the cercaria of schistosoma mansoni were killed within 15 min. according to the nmr spectra, the active principles of the extracts seem to be water- ... | 1978 | 703849 |
| mucosal receptors in the gastric antrum and small intestine of the rat with afferent fibres in the cervical vagus. | 1. electrical stimulation of the abdominal vagi revealed that abdominal vagal fibres are distributed throughout the cervical vagal trunk. conduction velocities of the main group of abdominal fibres ranged from 0.4 to 1.5 m.sec-1. 2. thirty-seven single afferent fibres, with endings in the gastric and intestinal mucosa, were isolated from the cervical vagus of adult rats. conduction velocities of eighteen of these endings ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 m.sec-1. 3. light mechanical stimulation, such as st ... | 1978 | 731565 |
| [study on vasculotropic properties of capsicum annuum (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 742813 |
| [patulin in foods of vegetable origin. 2. several kinds of fruit and vegetables and fruit and vegetable products (author's transl)]. | patulin was found in fruit with spontaneous brown rot (bananas, pineapples, grapes, peaches, apricots) as well as in moldy compots and in sallow-thorn juice. fruit, vegetables and fruit and vegetable product were artificially infected with penicillium expansum, p. urticae and byssochlamys nivea; patulin was subsequently found in peaches, apricots, greengages, bananas, strawberries, honeydew melons, tomatoes, red and green paprika, cucumbers and carrots; in several kinds of compot, in tomato juic ... | 1977 | 857490 |
| metabolism in the rat of some pyrazine derivatives having flavour improtance in foods. | 1. the metabolism of several alkyl- and alkoxy-substituted pyrazines in the rat has been investigated. 2. alkyl substituted compounds were oxidized to the corresponding acids which were excreted in the urine as such or as their glycine cojugates. the extent of oxidation was reduced when two adjacent alkyl groups were present. in the latter case ring hydroxylation also occurred. methoxy-substituted pyrazines underwent o-demethylation and ring hydroxylation. 3. little or no biliary excretion of th ... | 1975 | 1154807 |
| identification of a cdna for the plastid-located geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase from capsicum annuum: correlative increase in enzyme activity and transcript level during fruit ripening. | geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase is a key enzyme in plant terpenoid biosynthesis. using specific antibodies, a cdna encoding geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase has been isolated from bell pepper (capsicum annuum) ripening fruit. the cloned cdna codes for a high molecular weight precursor of 369 amino acids which contains a transit peptide of approximately 60 amino acids. in-situ immunolocalization experiments have demonstrated that geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase is located exclusi ... | 1992 | 1303794 |
| characterization and molecular cloning of a flavoprotein catalyzing the synthesis of phytofluene and zeta-carotene in capsicum chromoplasts. | in plants, zeta-carotene is the first visible carotenoid formed in the biosynthetic pathway through the following two-step desaturation reaction: phytoene-->phytofluene--> zeta-carotene. using capsicum annuum chromoplast membranes and the reconstitution system previously described [camara, b., bardat, f. & monéger, r. (1982) eur. j. biochem. 127, 255-258], we have attempted to purify the desaturase(s) catalyzing these reactions. the two activities were coincidental during all the purification pr ... | 1992 | 1396714 |
| the aetiology of experimental fibrosing alveobronchiolitis induced in rats by paprika dust. | the effect of a single intratracheal dose of respirable paprika (hungarian) dust, paprika dust extract, and cellulose dust on the lungs of rats was examined sequentially one and three months after a treatment. treatment with respirable paprika and cellulose dusts resulted in alveobronchiolitis at the end of the first month and fibrotic changes at the end of the third month. as the extract of paprika dust caused no histopathological alterations, it is assumed that the high cellulose content of pa ... | 1992 | 1637709 |
| dietary exposure to aflatoxin in benin city, nigeria: a possible public health concern. | a total of 100 samples of various foods comprising of 10 samples each of garri (manihot utilis pohl), beans (phaseolus lunatus), yam flour (dioscorea rotundata), cassava flour (manihot esculentum), melon (citrulus lunatus), onion (allium cepa), rice (oryza sativa), plantain (musa paradisiaca), red pepper (capsicum annuum l., solanaceae) and eggs were screened for the presence of aflatoxins. fifty percent of yam flour; 40% of cassava flour; 30% of garri; 20% of beans and melon and 10% of rice yie ... | 1991 | 1777386 |
| evaluation of a microbiological method for detection of irradiation of spices. | the suitability of a microbiological method, a combination of the direct epifluorescent filter technique (deft) and the total aerobic plate count (apc), for the detection of irradiation of spices was evaluated. the evaluation was carried out using different kinds of spices including peppers, paprika, cardamom, cinnamon, ginger; herbs such as thyme, marjoram, basil, and oregano; and garlic powder. ground spices were tested as well as cut and whole spice samples. samples were analysed before and a ... | 1991 | 2038893 |
| trypanosomatid protozoa in fruit of solanaceae in southeastern brazil. | fruits of cultivated and indigenous solanaceae from southeastern brazil have been examined for the presence of trypanosomatid flagellates. the 14 species found infected were: capsicum annuum, c. praetermissum, lycopersicon esculentum, nicandra physaloides, physalis angulata, solanum sp., s. americanum, s. concinnum, s. diflorum, s. erianthum, s. gilo, s. robustum, s. variable and s. viarum. the pentatomid hemipteran arvelius albopunctatus experimentally transmitted flagellates to fruits of some ... | 1990 | 2152193 |
| widespread distribution and fitness contribution of xanthomonas campestris avirulence gene avrbs2. | disease-resistance genes introduced into cultivated plants are often rendered ineffective by the ability of pathogen populations to overcome host resistance. the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas campestris pathovar vesicatoria causes bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper, and this pathogen has been shown to overcome disease resistance in pepper (capsicum annuum) by evading the recognition and defence response of the host plant. numerous resistance genes to bacterial spot have been identified ... | 1990 | 2374611 |
| contact allergy to spices. | a group of 103 patients suspected of contact allergy was tested with the european standard series, wood tars and spices: paprika, cinnamon, laurel, celery seed, nutmeg, curry, black pepper, cloves, white pepper, coriander, cacao and garlic. 32 patients (group i) were selected on the basis of positive tests to one or more of possible indicators for allergy to spices: colophony, balsam of peru, fragrance-mix and/or wood tars. 71 patients (group ii) showed no response to these indicators. in group ... | 1990 | 2383985 |
| isolation and characterization of an olfactory receptor protein for odorant pyrazines. | the highly potent bell pepper odorant 2-isobutyl-3-[3h]methoxypyrazine [( 3h]ibmp) binds specifically and saturably to bovine and rat nasal epithelium. specific binding is not detected in 11 other tissues assayed, and in the rat binding is 9 times higher in olfactory than in respiratory epithelium. we have purified to apparent homogeneity a soluble pyrazine odorant binding protein that constitutes approximately equal to 1% of the total soluble protein in bovine nasal epithelium. polyacrylamide g ... | 1985 | 2986147 |
| spectrophotometric analysis of irradiated spices. | seven different spices (thyme, cinnamon, coriander, caraway, pimento, paprika, black pepper) were treated by gamma radiation at an absorbed dose of 10 kgy, and the effect on chemical quality was determined. the effects of this dose were assessed by spectrophotometric analysis of some water-soluble constituents of spices (carbohydrates; carbonyl compounds) and on the content of water-insoluble steam-volatile oils. the colour of paprika and the content of piperine in pepper held in different packa ... | 1987 | 3040629 |
| immunological and respiratory findings in spice-factory workers. | immunological and respiratory findings were studied in a group of 45 female spice-factory workers (mean age: 39 years; mean exposure: 17 years). in addition a group of 45 female control workers matched by sex, age, and smoking habit were also studied. intradermal skin testing with mixed spice dust allergen demonstrated positive skin reactions in 73.3% of exposed and in 33.3% of control workers (p less than 0.001). increased ige serum levels were found in 36.8% of exposed and in 9.7% of the contr ... | 1988 | 3168968 |
| properties of cytophaga johnsonae strains causing spoilage of fresh produce at food markets. | two strains of gliding, orange-pigmented bacteria, isolated from fresh bell pepper and watermelon, respectively, showing soft-rot lesions, were identified as cytophaga johnsonae. they differed from seven type strains of c. johnsonae deposited at the american type culture collection (atcc) in some properties, such as the ability to utilize glucose, xylose, trehalose, rhamnose, and sucrose. spherical bodies resembling microcysts of sporocytophaga sp. in addition to short rods and long filaments we ... | 1986 | 3789718 |
| [growth rates of two virulence plasmids carrying yersinia enterocolitica after contamination of heated milk, raw minced pork and vegetables]. | the psychrotrophic organism y. enterocolitica (y.e.) is able to grow in foodstuffs thus rendering it dangerous for the consumer. among others, the preparation of food in the kitchen might be an important way of transmission. not only contaminated raw meat but aswell latently infected humans and pet animals (cats, dogs) may serve as a reservoir for y.e. contamination. after artificial contamination of uht milk and vanilla sauce with subsequent storage at 4 degrees c, two y.e. strains of serovars ... | 1985 | 3939047 |
| effect of spiced food on metabolic rate. | since the time of lavoisier it has been known that the ingestion of food in animals and man produces an increase in oxygen consumption. this increase in metabolic rate was originally called 'specific dynamic action' (sda) and is now widely referred to as the thermic effect (te) of food or diet-induced thermogenesis (dit) (rothwell & stock, 1981). much of the early work on the thermic effect was confined to the type and amount of food, notably the macronutrients--proteins, fats and carbohydrates. ... | 1986 | 3957721 |
| salicylates in foods. | to determine salicylate content, 333 food items were analyzed. foods were homogenized with 25% sodium hydroxide, allowed to stand overnight, acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with warm diethylether over 5 hours. the extract was dried and taken up in dilute sodium bicarbonate solution for analysis. salicylic acid was separated by high performance liquid chromatography and quantified by reading at 235 nm. salicylic acid standards were used throughout to standardize ... | 1985 | 4019987 |
| delivery of liposome content into plant protoplasts. | the interaction of various types of liposomes with protoplasts of nicotiana tabacum and capsicum annuum was studied by means of fluorescence microscopy and autoradiography. the liposomes with a positive charge displayed the strongest affinity to the protoplast membrane, whereas the maximum intracellular delivery of encapsulated protein and dna molecules into protoplasts was exhibited by the negatively charged liposomes. the results showed that the negatively charged unilamellar liposomes prepare ... | 1985 | 4065373 |
| [detection of low lipase activities in food]. | a spectrofluorimetric procedure using 4-methylumbelliferyl esters as substrates was developed for the determination of lipase activity in foods. it was tested with among others whey and egg powders, almonds, pepper, paprika and cinnamon. in addition, some lipase preparations of microbial origin were analyzed. the detection limit of the method is one to two orders of magnitude lower than that of a test paper which contains indoxyl acetate as the substrate. | 1985 | 4072422 |
| crystallization of an odorant-binding protein from cow nasal mucosa. | the first odorant-binding protein isolated from mammalian nasal mucosa is a dimer of subunits of identical molecular weight (19,000) that specifically binds bell pepper odorants, "green" smelling compounds. the protein can be purified in milligram quantities from tissue extractions by sequential use of a silica based anion exchange column and mono-p chromatofocussing column. in the presence of the binding compound 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine and of the organic solvent 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol ( ... | 1985 | 4078899 |
| [pharmacologic effects of capsaicin, the sharp tasting principle in paprika]. | | 1965 | 5324708 |
| [changes in capillary resistance in inflammation caused by red paprika (capsicum annum l. solanaceae)]. | | 1970 | 5457098 |
| identification of a specific olfactory receptor for 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine. | 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, a potent bell-pepper odorant, binds to cow olfactory mucosa homogenate. the receptor is saturable in the micromolar range and is competitively inhibited by other bell-pepper odourants, but not by other pyrazines of different odours. other tissues do not bind 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine at a significant extent. we suggest that this receptor is involved in odour discrimination. | 1982 | 7082286 |
| [effects of intra-arterially administered capsaicinoids on vocalization in guinea pigs and medial thalamic neuronal activity in cats (author's transl)]. | algesic actions of capsaicinoids were investigated by utilizing vocalization in conscious guinea pigs and medial thalamic neuronal activity in gallamine triethiodide immobilized cats. intra-arterial administration of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin evoked strong vocalization response, but other capsaicinoids, nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, norcapsaicin, n-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-6-methylheptamide, and n-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-6-methylhept-trans-4-enamide, were ... | 1982 | 7095651 |
| excitatory effects of dihydrocapsaicin on nociceptive neurons in the medial thalamus. | effects of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, which are pungent substances contained in capsicum annuum l., were studied in 32 gallamine triethiodide immobilized cats. single units were recorded from the medial thalamus using stainless steel microelectrodes. of the 56 neurons recorded, 28 were responsive to both noxious (pinching) and non-noxious (hair and/or tapping) stimuli, while 16 were activated only by non-noxious stimuli. the remaining 12 neurons did not respond to any natural stimulus. soma ... | 1980 | 7193758 |
| metabolism of cyclic carotenoids: a model for the alteration of this biosynthetic pathway in capsicum annuum chromoplasts. | the biosynthetic pathway of cyclic carotenoid is known to be quantitatively and qualitatively different in the non-green plastids of capsicum annuum fruits compared with chloroplasts. here, the cloning is described of a novel cdna from this organism, which encodes an enzyme catalyzing the cyclization of lycopene to beta-carotene when expressed in escherichia coli. the corresponding gene is constitutively expressed during fruit development. significant amino acid sequence identity was observed be ... | 1995 | 7550379 |
| skin prick tests and in vitro immunoassays with native spices and spice extracts. | skin prick tests of native spices (commercial powdered spices) are common in patients with allergy to birch or mugwort pollen. clinical symptoms from spices are infrequent but occasionally severe. | 1995 | 7552932 |
| molecular cloning and functional expression in e. coli of a novel plant enzyme mediating zeta-carotene desaturation. | we have cloned a cdna from the plant capsicum annuum which encodes a novel enzyme mediating the dehydrogenation of zeta-carotene and neurosporene to lycopene when expressed in e. coli cells accumulating zeta-carotene or neurosporene. this enzyme is unable to dehydrogenate either phytoene or lycopene. the deduced amino acid sequence suggests that this cdna encodes a polypeptide whose mature size is ca. 59 kda and which is synthesized as a precursor with a nh2-terminal extension resembling transit ... | 1995 | 7556669 |
| association of protein polymorphism among pepper (capsicum annuum l.) inbred lines with agronomic performance of their crosses. | the genetic variation of 10 morphologically similar pepper (capsicum annuum l.) inbred lines has been analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized ph gradient (ipg-dalt) of seed proteins. for all pairs of inbred lines genetic distance indices were calculated on the basis of the ipg-dalt analysis and a genetic tree was constructed. the protein polymorphism data of the 10 inbred lines were integrated into a pepper breeding program to validate the assumption that there is a higher c ... | 1995 | 7588576 |
| identification of a plastid protein involved in vesicle fusion and/or membrane protein translocation. | structural evidence has accumulated suggesting that fusion and/or translocation factors are involved in plastid membrane biogenesis. to test this hypothesis, we have developed an in vitro system in which the extent of fusion and/or translocation is monitored by the conversion of the xanthophyll epoxide (antheraxanthin) into the red ketocarotenoid (capsanthin). only chromoplast membrane vesicles from red pepper fruits (capsicum annuum) contain the required enzyme. vesicles prepared from the mutan ... | 1995 | 7777561 |
| isoprenyl diphosphate synthases: protein sequence comparisons, a phylogenetic tree, and predictions of secondary structure. | isoprenyl diphosphate synthases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the basic chain-elongation reaction in the isoprene biosynthetic pathway. pairwise sequence comparisons were made for 6 farnesyl diphosphate synthases, 6 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases, and a hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase. five regions with highly conserved residues, two of which contain aspartate-rich ddxx(xx)d motifs found in many prenyltransferases, were identified. a consensus secondary structure for the group, cons ... | 1994 | 8003978 |
| identification of nitrophenols as nitrosation products from capsaicin and red chillies. | the in vitro nitrosation of sun-dried red chillies (capsicum annuum) and of its constituents capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin was studied. the nitrophenols 4-nitroguaiacol, 4,6-dinitroguaiacol, nitrocapsaicin and nitrodihydrocapsaicin were detected as final products, whereas no formation of nitrosamides was observed though this is expected from the amide precursors capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. the nitrosation occurs readily with remarkable yields of nitrophenols even at physiological ph and at ... | 1994 | 8062224 |
| expression of the genes encoding the early carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes in capsicum annuum. | we have shown that both geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase and phytoene synthase from pepper and tomato chromoplasts are very similar in terms of enzymic activity and immunological properties. this enabled us to clone cdnas specific for phytoene synthase from ripening tomato and pepper fruits and to compare their amino acid sequences with those of bacterial phytoene synthase and yeast squalene synthase. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the 3'-untranslated region of the pepper phytoene ... | 1993 | 8250898 |
| skin symptoms among workers in a spice factory. | workers in a swedish spice factory (n = 70), and in the office (n = 23) of the same company, were investigated by questionnaire regarding skin symptoms. in a 2nd part of the study, subjects reporting skin symptoms were examined and investigated by patch and prick testing. skin symptoms were reported by 1/2 the factory workers. pruritus and skin irritation, particularly from cinnamon powder, were common. patch test reactions to cinnamic aldehyde were found in 11/25 factory workers, but in several ... | 1993 | 8281784 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein genes and 3' non-coding regions of two resistance-breaking tobamoviruses in pepper shows that they are different viruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein genes and 3' non-coding regions of two different resistance-breaking tobamoviruses in pepper have been determined. the deduced coat protein of an italian isolate of pepper mild mottle virus (pmmv-i) consists of 156 amino acids and its 3' non-coding region is 198 nucleotides long. they have been found to be very similar in sequence and structure to those previously reported for a spanish isolate (pmmv-s). in contrast, a dutch isolate termed p 11 codes f ... | 1993 | 8328918 |
| sweet's syndrome with an exogenous cause. | a sixty-six-year-old white man presented with a five-day history of painful erythematous papules, plaques, pustules, and hemorrhagic bullae on both hands. his history was remarkable for having prepared and pickled fifteen quarts of home-grown jalapeño peppers several days before the eruption occurred. the light microscopic examination of sections of lesional skin stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed pathologic findings characteristic of sweet's syndrome. we report this case because of its ... | 1993 | 8453891 |
| nationwide outbreak of human salmonellosis in germany due to contaminated paprika and paprika-powdered potato chips. | between april and september 1993, a nationwide outbreak of salmonellosis occurred in germany which was traced to contaminated paprika and paprika-powdered potato chips. of the estimated 1000 cases, children below 14 years were principally affected. levels of 0.04-0.45 organisms per gram were found in the snacks. the infective dose was estimated at 4-45 organisms with an attack rate of 1 in 10,000 exposed persons. the unique feature of the outbreak was the variety of serovars involved. s. saintpa ... | 1995 | 8557082 |
| chemoprevention of lung and skin cancer by beta vulgaris (beet) root extract. | the in vitro inhibitory effect of beta vulgaris (beet) root extract on epstein-barr virus early antigen (ebv-ea) induction using raji cells revealed a high order of activity compared to capsanthin, cranberry, red onion skin and short and long red bell peppers. an in vivo anti-tumor promoting activity evaluation against the mice skin and lung bioassays also revealed a significant tumor inhibitory effect. the combined findings suggest that beetroot ingestion can be one of the useful means to preve ... | 1996 | 8620443 |
| a uk retail survey of aflatoxins in herbs and spices and their fate during cooking. | a survey of aflatoxins in herbs and spices has been carried out and cooking experiments conducted to assess the stability of aflatoxin in spice sauces. of 157 retail samples which included curry powders, pepper, cayenne pepper, chilli, paprika, ginger, cinnamon and coriander, nearly 95% of samples contained below 10 micrograms/kg total aflatoxins and only nine samples had higher levels. the highest concentration in a retail sample was 48 micrograms/kg in a chilli powder. in addition to retail sa ... | 1996 | 8647302 |
| the antimicrobial properties of chile peppers (capsicum species) and their uses in mayan medicine. | a survey of the mayan pharmacopoeia revealed that tissues of capsicum species (solanaceae) are included in a number of herbal remedies for a variety of ailments of probable microbial origin. using a filter disk assay, plain and heated aqueous extracts from fresh capsicum annuum, capsicum baccatum, capsicum chinese, capsicum frutescens, and capsicum pubescens varieties were tested for their antimicrobial effects with fifteen bacterial species and one yeast species. two pungent compounds found in ... | 1996 | 8735449 |
| occupational asthma due to different spices. | we describe a 27-year-old subject who developed rhinitis and asthma symptoms 1 year after starting to prepare a certain kind of sausage. he was previously diagnosed as having allergy to coconut, banana, and kiwi and allergic rhinitis to horse, cat, dog, and cow. a positive immediate skin prick test (spt) for paprika (dry powder of capsicum annuum [solanaceae]), coriander (coriandrum sativum [umbelliferous]), and mace (shell of nutmeg, myristica fragrans [myristicaceae]) at a concentration of 10% ... | 1996 | 8738518 |
| spontaneous and induced mutations in a single open reading frame alter both virulence and avirulence in xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria avrbs2. | molecular characterization of the avrbs2 locus from xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria has revealed that expression of this gene triggers disease resistance in bs2 pepper (capsicum annuum) plants and contributes to virulence of the pathogen. deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis established the avrbs2 gene as a 2,190-bp open reading frame encoding a putative 80.1-kda protein. two classes of xanthomonas pathogens evading bs2 host resistance and displaying reduced fitness were found ... | 1996 | 8755898 |
| unchanged intestinal absorption in rats fed a high sweet paprika-containing diet. | the absorption rate of radiolabelled nutrients (22na, 45ca, [35s]methionine, [3h]leucine) was investigated in vivo in sprague-dawley rats at the end of a feeding period of 135 days on a semisynthetic diet containing 32% sweet paprika powder. no effect was seen on the intestinal absorption of these compounds, nor on the nutritive experimental parameters in these animals. | 1996 | 8780973 |
| plant exposures: a state profile of the most common species. | plant exposures are the fourth most common cause of poisoning and 86% of those exposures involve the pediatric population. the large number of plant-related exposures and the lack of knowledge about plant toxicity has led to plant paranoia and considerable educational efforts to reduce the number of exposures. these efforts are often dictated by misconceptions and folklore. aapcc tess data on all plant exposures for the years 1985-1994 were electronically analyzed by plant species and state to e ... | 1996 | 8829350 |
| the carotenoid 7,8-dihydro-psi end group can be cyclized by the lycopene cyclases from the bacterium erwinia uredovora and the higher plant capsicum annuum. | the genes for geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (crte) and phytoene synthase (crtb) from the epiphytic bacterium erwinia uredovora and the phytoene desaturase gene from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodobacter capsulatus (rc-crti) were introduced into escherichia coli, which resulted in the accumulation of the acyclic carotenoid, neurosporene. further introduction of the lycopene cyclase gene from e. uredovora (crty) or the higher plant capsicum annuum (icy) resulted in the production of a bic ... | 1996 | 8898919 |
| xanthophyll biosynthesis. cloning, expression, functional reconstitution, and regulation of beta-cyclohexenyl carotenoid epoxidase from pepper (capsicum annuum). | pepper (capsicum annuum) beta-cyclohexenyl xanthophyll epoxidase cdna was cloned and the corresponding enzyme overexpressed and purified from escherichia coli, for investigation of its catalytic activity. the recombinant protein did not directly accept nadph for epoxidation of cyclohexenyl carotenoids, nor did it operate according to a peroxygenase-based mechanism. instead, the reducing power of nadph was transferred to the epoxidase via reduced ferredoxin as shown by reconstitution of epoxidase ... | 1996 | 8910532 |
| occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. | about 1000 patients were investigated at our clinic during 1991-1995 for occupational skin disease, and 5 had occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. the patients were chefs, or kitchen, coffee room, and restaurant workers. all patients had hand (or finger) dermatitis. the causative spices were: garlic, cinnamon, ginger, allspice and clove. the same patients also had allergic patch test reactions to foods: tomato, lettuce and carrot. paprika elicited a weak allergic patch test reac ... | 1996 | 8930476 |
| the coat protein is required for the elicitation of the capsicum l2 gene-mediated resistance against the tobamoviruses. | in capsicum, the resistance against tobamoviruses conferred by the l2 gene is effective against all but one of the known tobamoviruses. pepper mild mottle virus (pmmov) is the only virus which escapes its action. to identify the viral factors affecting induction of the hypersensitive reaction (hr) mediated by the capsicum spp. l2 resistance gene, we have constructed chimeric viral genomes between paprika mild mottle virus (pammv) (a virus able to induce the hr) and pmmov. a hybrid virus with the ... | 1997 | 9002274 |
| distinct annexin subfamilies in plants and protists diverged prior to animal annexins and from a common ancestor. | annexin homologues in the kingdoms of planta and protista were characterized by molecular sequence analysis to determine their phylogenetic and structural relationship with annexins of animalia. sequence fragments from 19 plant annexins were identified in sequence databases and composite sequences were also assembled from expressed sequence tags for arabidopsis thaliana. length differences in protein aminotermini and evidence for unique exon splice sites indicated that plant annexins were distin ... | 1997 | 9069178 |
| antimutagenicity of xanthophylls present in aztec marigold (tagetes erecta) against 1-nitropyrene. | the principal natural food colorants used in modern food manufacture are anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, chlorophylls, riboflavin and caramel. carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) occur naturally in some foods such as carrots, red tomatoes, butter, cheese, paprika, palm oil, corn kernels, marigold petals, annatto, and red salmon. carotenoids (alpha- or beta-carotene and xanthophylls) are excellent antioxidants and inhibit some types of cancers. in the present study, we used the salmone ... | 1997 | 9093387 |
| cloning and functional expression of a novel geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene from arabidopsis thaliana in escherichia coli. | a gene encoding a novel geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (ggpp) synthase from arabidopsis thaliana has been identified and termed ggps5. the gene has been sequenced and expressed in escherichia coli. the deduced amino acid sequence showed 64.5% and 57.5% identify with a putative ggpp synthase from arabidopsis and capsicum annuum, respectively. ggpp enzymatic activity was detected in e. coli cells expressing the ggps5 gene in two different ways. one was the direct measurement of ggpp synthase activit ... | 1997 | 9150607 |
| accumulation and clearance of capsanthin in blood plasma after the ingestion of paprika juice in men. | the pharmacokinetics of dietary capsanthin was measured in four male volunteers to assess the bioavailability of oxygenated carotenoids (xanthophylls). capsanthin was used because this carotenoid was not detected in the men's plasma before ingestion of paprika juice. supplementing capsanthin-rich paprika juice for 1 wk (equivalent to three doses of 5.4 micromol capsanthin/d; 16.2 micromol/d), the level of capsanthin reached a plateau (0.10-0.12 micromol/l) between d 2 and 7 and was not detectabl ... | 1997 | 9237940 |
| growth and toxigenesis of aspergillus flavus isolates on selected spices. | none of the four aspergillus flavus isolates studied was able to grow on wet cinnamon (5 g cinnamon + 3.3 ml distilled water) at 25 degrees c over 30 days. fungal growth was weak on the curcumin, black pepper, and white pepper; good, but lower than on rice control, on the cumin and ginger; and similar to the control on sweet and hot paprika. no aflatoxin was detected in black or white pepper after 10 days at 25 degrees c. cumin least inhibited aflatoxin synthesis, followed by hot paprika, cumin, ... | 1997 | 9256934 |
| the activity of lipid a and core components of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in the prevention of the hypersensitive response in pepper. | pre-treatment of leaves of pepper (capsicum annuum) with lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations from enteric bacteria and xanthomonas campestris could prevent the hypersensitive response caused by an avirulent x. campestris strain. by use of a range of deep-rough mutants, the minimal structure in salmonella lps responsible for the elicitation of this effect was determined to be lipid a attached to a disaccharide of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonate; lipid a alone and the free core oligosaccharide from a ... | 1997 | 9304863 |
| purification and characterization of two isoforms of isopentenyl-diphosphate isomerase from elicitor-treated cinchona robusta cells. | in cinchona robusta (rubiaceae) cell suspension cultures, the activity of the enzyme isopentenyl-diphosphate isomerase (isopentenyl-pop isomerase) is transiently induced after addition of a homogenate of the phytopathogenic fungus phytophthora cinnamomi. the enzyme catalyses the interconversion of isopentenyl-pop and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dimethylallyl-pop) and may be involved in the biosynthesis of anthraquinone phytoalexins that accumulate rapidly after elicitation of cinchona cells. from ... | 1997 | 9363768 |
| antimutagenic activity of natural xanthophylls against aflatoxin b1 in salmonella typhimurium. | carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) are excellent antioxidants with antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. they occur naturally in some foods such as carrots, red tomatoes, butter, cheese, paprika, palm oil, corn kernels, marigold petals, annatto, and red salmon. in the present study, we used the salmonella plate incorporation test to examine the effect of xanthophylls extracted from aztec marigold (tagetes erecta) on the afb1 mutagenicity, using tester strain yg1024. the effect of ... | 1997 | 9366914 |
| hot spices influence permeability of human intestinal epithelial monolayers. | indirect evidence suggests that hot spices may interact with epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract to modulate their transport properties. using hct-8 cells, a cell line from a human ileocoecal carcinoma, we studied the effects of spices on transepithelial electrical resistance (ter), permeability for fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labeled dextrans with graded molecular weight, and morphological alterations of tight junctions by immunofluorescence using an anti-zo-1 antibody, a marke ... | 1998 | 9482766 |
| allergens in pepper and paprika. immunologic investigation of the celery-birch-mugwort-spice syndrome. | mugwort and birch pollen allergy are frequently associated with ige-mediated hypersensitivity to celery and spices. we analyzed 22 sera from patients with the mugwort-birch-celery-spice syndrome for ige binding to the spices pepper and paprika by immunoblotting. immunoblot results revealed two major allergens of 28 and 60 kda in pepper and a 23-kda allergen together with allergens of higher molecular weight in paprika. in immunoblot-inhibition studies, crude mugwort, birch pollen, and celery ext ... | 1998 | 9491227 |
| "hotness" stability of chicken hot-wing products as affected by preparation methods and storage. | chicken hot-drumettes containing 2% cayenne pepper were prepared using three different cooking methods and stored under two different temperatures for "hotness" evaluation. results demonstrated that the hotness of the samples were highest when products were cooked in a microwave oven, followed by convection oven, and least hot by deep-fat frying. regardless of the cooking method, the degree of hotness of the hot-drumette decreased drastically during refrigerated storage. results also indicated t ... | 1998 | 9565248 |
| afferent reinnervation after lung transplantation in the rat. | denervation at lung transplantation results in loss of cough reflex and attenuated local defense mechanisms, accounting for increased incidence and severity of infection after lung transplantation. we studied the presence or absence of spontaneous afferent reinnervation in rats at various intervals after orthotopic left pulmonary isografting (n = 52). normal rats (n = 21) and rats undergoing left hilar stripping (n = 14) served as control subjects. afferent reinnervation was tested physiological ... | 1998 | 9588578 |
| identification of a short interspersed repetitive element in partially spliced transcripts of the bell pepper (capsicum annuum) pap gene: new evolutionary and regulatory aspects on plant trna-related sines. | in bell pepper, a gene encoding a major plastid-lipid associated protein is expressed as both partially and totally spliced transcripts (respectively pap2 and pap1). although pap is present as a single-copy gene in the bell pepper genome, southern blots using pap2 as a probe revealed multiple homologous copies. analyses of the intronic sequence of pap2 showed the existence of a 206bp short interspersed repetitive element (sine) belonging to the ts family of retrotransposons (yoshioka et al., 199 ... | 1998 | 9651478 |
| bell peppers (capsicum annuum) express allergens (profilin, pathogenesis-related protein p23 and bet v 1) depending on the horticultural strain. | little is known about the role of bell peppers in food allergy. we collected sera from 11 patients with food allergy to bell peppers to analyze bell pepper extracts for allergen composition. | 1998 | 9652302 |
| molecular characterization of an arabidopsis gene encoding hydroperoxide lyase, a cytochrome p-450 that is wound inducible. | hydroperoxide lyase (hpl) cleaves lipid hydroperoxides to produce volatile flavor molecules and also potential signal molecules. we have characterized a gene from arabidopsis that is homologous to a recently cloned hpl from green pepper (capsicum annuum). the deduced protein sequence indicates that this gene encodes a cytochrome p-450 with a structure similar to that of allene oxide synthase. the gene was cloned into an expression vector and expressed in escherichia coli to demonstrate hpl activ ... | 1998 | 9701595 |
| antimutagenic activity of carotenoids in green peppers against some nitroarenes. | in mexico, as well as in central and south american countries, the consumption of peppers (capsicum annuum) has been tradition for thousands of years; the per capita dietary intake of peppers is about 40 g/day. peppers are an important source of beta-carotene and vitamin a, which have antimutagenic and/or anticarcinogenic properties. in the present study, salmonella typhimurium tester strain yg1024 in the plate-incorporation test was used to examine the antimutagenicity of carotenois extracted f ... | 1998 | 9725989 |
| limits on social influence on food choices of norway rats. | we examined social influences on food choices of norway rats choosing between pairs of diets that differed in their relative palatabilities. we found in two experiments that prior interaction with a demonstrator rat fed either a cayenne-flavoured diet (experiment 1) or a cinnamon-flavoured diet (experiment 2) significantly affected the observer rats' intake of their respective demonstrators' diets. however, as the amount of cayenne pepper in the cayenne-flavoured diet was increased, so that it b ... | 1998 | 9790713 |
| characterization of a cdna homologous to carotenoid-associated protein in citrus fruits. | a cdna (citpap) homologous to a gene encoding for cucumis sativus carotenoid-associated protein (chrc) has been isolated from satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.). unlike chrc whose expression was limited only in mature fruits (containing chromoplasts), citpap transcripts were detected in all the tissues examined including fruits, flowers and leaves. in this respect, citpap was rather close to a gene encoding for pepper plastid-lipid-associated protein (pap), which exhibits ubiquitous expressi ... | 1998 | 9804984 |
| cloning and bacterial expression of sesquiterpene cyclase, a key branch point enzyme for the synthesis of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin capsidiol in uv-challenged leaves of capsicum annuum. | sesquiterpene cyclase, a branch point enzyme in the general isoprenoid pathway for the synthesis of phytoalexin capsidiol, was induced in detached leaves of capsicum annuum (pepper) by uv treatment. the inducibility of cyclase enzyme activities paralleled the absolute amount of cyclase protein(s) of pepper immunodetected by monoclonal antibodies raised against tobacco sesquiterpene cyclase. a cdna library was constructed with poly(a)+ rna isolated from 24 h uv-challenged leaves of pepper. a cdna ... | 1998 | 9816674 |
| regulation of biosynthesis and cellular localization of sp32 annexins in tobacco by2 cells. | annexins interact in a calcium-dependent manner with membrane phospholipids. although their exact function is not known, annexins have been proposed to be involved in a variety of cellular processes. to determine whether plant annexins are implicated in cell division, we have isolated cdnas encoding annexin from tby2 cells. based on sequence analysis, these cdnas fall into two families, differing mainly by deletions or insertions in their 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. the two annexins ntp32.1 ... | 1999 | 10080701 |
| elicitin 172 from an isolate of phytophthora nicotianae pathogenic to tomato. | elicitin 172, an acid protein with elicitor activity, has been isolated in true form from culture filtrates of phytophthora nicotianae, the causal agent of crown and root rot of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). the m(r) (10,349 +/- 1) of the purified protein, determined by es-ms, is identical to that calculated for parasiticein using the mean isotopic composition and assuming the occurrence of three disulfide bridges. the primary structure of elicitin 172, determined using also maldi-ms experim ... | 1999 | 10192962 |
| identification of proteins associated with plastoglobules isolated from pea (pisum sativum l.) chloroplasts. | plastoglobules are conspicuous lipid-containing structures in the chloroplast stroma and are thought to serve as lipid reservoirs for thylakoid membranes. plastoglobules also contain low levels of proteins. we have purified plastoglobules from a pea chloroplast membrane fraction. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the purified plastoglobules revealed more than a dozen distinct polypeptides that we propose to term plastoglobulins. for one of the proteins, termed ... | 1999 | 10213003 |
| garlic or jalapeño peppers for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. | there have been a number of reports that natural foods such as garlic, honey, and capsaicin can inhibit helicobacter pylori in vitro and each report has suggested the natural ingredient be used for treatment of the infection. we investigated whether garlic or capsaicin-containing peppers would actually inhibit h. pylori in vivo. | 1999 | 10235193 |
| effect of fiber source on cell wall digestibility and rate of passage in rabbits. | the influence of fiber source on fiber digestion and mean retention time was investigated. six fibrous feedstuffs with wide differences in chemical composition and particle size were selected: paprika meal, olive leaves, alfalfa hay, soybean hulls, sodium hydroxide-treated barley straw, and sunflower hulls. six diets were formulated to contain one of these ingredients as the sole source of fiber. to avoid nutrient imbalances, fiber sources were supplemented with different proportions of a concen ... | 1999 | 10328355 |
| amelioratory effect of dietary ingestion with red bell pepper on learning impairment in senescence-accelerated mice (samp8). | the effect of dietary red bell pepper (capsicum annuum l.) on learning performance was studied in the senescence-accelerated mouse (sam). an experimental diet, which contained 20% (w/w) lyophilized powder of red bell pepper, was fed to samp8 mice. the mice that received the experimental diet showed much better acquisition in passive avoidance tasks as compared with a control group given a common diet. this indicated that the dietary ingestion of red bell pepper ameliorated the learning impairmen ... | 1999 | 10360249 |
| 'candidatus phytoplasma japonicum', a new phytoplasma taxon associated with japanese hydrangea phyllody. | a phytoplasma was discovered in diseased specimens of field-grown hortensia (hydrangea spp.) exhibiting typical phyllody symptoms. pcr amplification of dna using phytoplasma specific primers detected phytoplasma dna in all of the diseased plants examined. no phytoplasma dna was found in healthy hortensia seedlings. rflp patterns of amplified 16s rdna differed from the patterns previously described for other phytoplasmas including six isolates of foreign hortensia phytoplasmas. based on the rflp, ... | 1999 | 10425791 |
| catalytic properties of an expressed and purified higher plant type zeta-carotene desaturase from capsicum annuum. | the zeta-carotene desaturase from capsicum annuum (ec 1.14.99.-) was expressed in escherichia coli, purified and characterized biochemically. the enzyme acts as a monomer with lipophilic quinones as cofactors. km values for the substrate zeta-carotene or the intermediate neurosporene in the two-step desaturation reaction are almost identical. product analysis showed that different lycopene isomers are formed, including substantial amounts of the all-trans form, together with 7,7',9,9'-tetracis p ... | 1999 | 10491195 |
| cytidine 5'-triphosphate-dependent biosynthesis of isoprenoids: ygbp protein of escherichia coli catalyzes the formation of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-c-methylerythritol. | 2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate has been established recently as an intermediate of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway used for biosynthesis of terpenoids in plants and in many microorganisms. we show that an enzyme isolated from cell extract of escherichia coli converts 2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate into 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-c-methylerythritol by reaction with ctp. the enzyme is specified by the hitherto unannotated orf ygbp of e. coli. the cognate protein was obtained in pure form from a ... | 1999 | 10518523 |
| biocontrol of rhizoctonia solani and pythium ultimum on capsicum by trichoderma koningii in potting medium. | two isolates of trichoderma koningii were evaluated for efficacy in control of damping-off diseases in seedlings of capsicum annuum grown in pasteurized potting medium in a glasshouse. a selected isolate of binucleate rhizoctonia and two fungicides were also included as standards for control of rhizoctonia solani and pythium ultimum var. sporangiiferum. both isolates of t. koningii reduced seedling death caused by r. solani in one of two experiments, and by p. u. sporangii-ferum in two of three ... | 1999 | 10522381 |
| carotenoid hydroxylase from haematococcus pluvialis: cdna sequence, regulation and functional complementation. | a cdna homologous to beta-carotene hydroxylase from arabidopsis thaliana was isolated from the green alga haematococcus pluvialis. the predicted amino acid sequence for this enzyme shows homology to the three known plant beta-carotene hydroxylases from arabidopsis thaliana and from capsicum annuum (38% identity) and to prokaryote carotenoid hydroxylases (32-34% identities). heterologous complementation using e. coli strains which were genetically engineered to produce carotenoids indicated that ... | 1999 | 10524195 |
| ingestion of chilli pepper (capsicum annuum) reduces salicylate bioavailability after oral asprin administration in the rat. | the bioavailabilities of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and of salicylic acid were studied in male wistar rats after acute and chronic administration of a capsicum annuum extract, containing 100 mg of capsaicin per gram. with a single administration of 100 mg/kg of the extract, aspirin blood levels remained unchanged, but salicylic acid bioavailability was reduced in 44% compared with control animals. with a single administration of 300 mg/kg of the extract, aspirin blood levels were undetectabl ... | 1999 | 10537230 |
| characterization of paprika (capsicum annuum) extract in orange juices by liquid chromatography of carotenoid profiles. | the carotenoid pigment profiles of authentic pure orange juices from spain and florida and an industrial paprika (capsicum annuum) extract used for food coloring were obtained using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with a c18 packed column and an acetone/methanol/water eluent system. the procedure involving the carotenoid extraction is described. both retention times and spectral properties using photodiode array detection for characterization of the major carotenoids at 430 and 519 nm are g ... | 1999 | 10552400 |
| resistance of capsicum annuum 'avelar' to pepper mottle potyvirus and alleviation of this resistance by co-infection with cucumber mosaic cucumovirus are associated with virus movement. | capsicum annuum cv. avelar plants resist systemic infection by the florida isolate of pepper mottle potyvirus (pepmov-fl). immuno-tissue blot analysis for detection of pepmov-fl infection in selected stem segments revealed that virus moved down the stem in external phloem, and, over time, accumulated to detectable levels throughout stem sections (appearing to accumulate in external and internal phloem) taken from below the inoculated leaf. at 21 days post-inoculation, pepmov-fl was detected in s ... | 1999 | 10573176 |
| coexpression of a defensin gene and a thionin-like via different signal transduction pathways in pepper and colletotrichum gloeosporioides interactions. | the anthracnose fungus, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, interacts incompatibly with the ripe fruit of pepper (capsicum annuum). it interacts compatibly with the unripe-mature fruit. we isolated a defensin gene, jl-l, and a thionin-like gene, pepthi, expressed in the incompatible interaction by using an mrna differential display method. both genes were developmentally regulated during fruit ripening, organ-specifically regulated, and differentially induced during the compatible and incompatible i ... | 1999 | 10598099 |
| lipid peroxidation and the oxidative burst associated with infection of capsicum annuum by botrytis cinerea | a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy and analytical chemistry has been used to study the changes in free radical content, transition metal ion status and lipid peroxidation following inoculation of fruits of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) with botrytis cinerea. epr detected a high concentration of an unidentified free radical associated with the spreading lesion that extends into the surrounding, healthy tissues. in addition, the epr-detectable iron(iii) was highes ... | 1999 | 10607300 |
| a cytochrome p450 gene is differentially expressed in compatible and incompatible interactions between pepper (capsicum annuum) and the anthracnose fungus, colletotrichum gloeosporioides. | the anthracnose fungus, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was previously shown to have an incompatible interaction with ripe-red fruit of pepper (capsicum annuum). however, the fungus had a compatible interaction with unripe-mature-green fruit. using mrna differential display, we isolated and characterized a pepcyp gene expressed in the incompatible interaction. the pepcyp gene encodes a protein homologous to cytochrome p450 proteins containing a heme-binding domain. the expression level of pepcyp ... | 1999 | 10624013 |
| biosynthesis of terpenoids: ychb protein of escherichia coli phosphorylates the 2-hydroxy group of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2c-methyl-d-erythritol. | a comparative analysis of all published complete genomes indicated that the putative orthologs of the unannotated ychb gene of escherichia coli follow the distribution of the dxs, dxr, and ygbp genes, which have been shown to specify enzymes of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway of terpenoid biosynthesis, thus suggesting that the hypothetical ychb protein also is involved in that pathway. to test this hypothesis, the e. coli ychb gene was expressed in a homologous host. the recombinant protein ... | 2000 | 10655484 |
| isolation, partial sequencing, and expression of pathogenesis-related cdna genes from pepper leaves infected by xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. | specific cdnas showing differential expression in bacteria-infected pepper leaves as opposed to healthy leaves were isolated from a pepper cdna library from hypersensitive response (hr) lesions of leaves infected with an avirulent strain of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. among a total of 282 cdna clones tested, 36 individual cdna genes (13%) hybridized strongly or differentially to the cdna probes from bacteria-infected leaves. ten capsicum annuum-induced (cai) genes encoding putative t ... | 2000 | 10656596 |
| biosynthesis of terpenoids: ygbb protein converts 4-diphosphocytidyl-2c-methyl-d-erythritol 2-phosphate to 2c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate. | in many microorganisms, the putative orthologs of the escherichia coli ygbb gene are tightly linked or fused to putative orthologs of ygbp, which has been shown earlier to be involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. the ygbb gene of e. coli was expressed in a recombinant e. coli strain and was shown to direct the synthesis of a soluble, 17-kda polypeptide. the recombinant protein was found to convert 4-diphosphocytidyl-2c-methyl-d-erythritol 2-phosphate into 2c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphat ... | 2000 | 10694574 |
| is there a role for oligosaccharides in seed longevity? an assessment of intracellular glass stability. | we examined whether oligosaccharides extend seed longevity by increasing the intracellular glass stability. for that purpose, we used a spin probe technique to measure the molecular mobility and glass transition temperature of the cytoplasm of impatiens (impatiens walleriana) and bell pepper (capsicum annuum) seeds that were osmo-primed to change oligosaccharide content and longevity. using saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that the rotational correlation ... | 2000 | 10759518 |
| effect of fiber source on cecal fermentation and nitrogen recycled through cecotrophy in rabbits. | the influence of fiber source on fiber digestion in rabbits was investigated. six fibrous feedstuffs with wide differences in chemical composition and particle size were selected: paprika meal, olive leaves, alfalfa hay, soybean hulls, sodium hydroxide-treated barley straw, and sunflower hulls. six diets were formulated to contain one of these ingredients as the sole source of fiber. to avoid nutrient imbalances, fiber sources were supplemented with different proportions of a fiber-free concentr ... | 2000 | 10764071 |
| tarhana as a traditional turkish fermented cereal food. its recipe, production and composition. | as a fermented product tarhana is the dry form of yogurt-cereal mixture and represents an important part of the diets of many people in turkey. it is prepared by mixing wheat flour, yogurt, yeast and a variety of cooked vegetables (tomatoes, onions, green pepper etc.), salt, and spices (mint, paprika) followed by fermentation for one to seven days. generally one part yogurt is mixed with two parts of wheat flour (w/w). in commercial production there are two methods for tarhana making. first meth ... | 2000 | 10795573 |
| prevention of n-methylnitrosourea-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats by oxygenated carotenoid capsanthin and capsanthin-rich paprika juice. | epidemiological and animal studies have provided evidence that dietary carotenoids may reduce the risk of certain types of cancer. an inhibitory activity of oxygenated carotenoid capsanthin, a potent antioxidant, and paprika juice rich in capsanthin (3.54 mg/100 ml) against colon carcinogenesis was investigated in f344 rats. in experiment i (short-term assay), six rats each were given a gavage of 5 mg, 0.2 mg, or 0.008 mg capsanthin six times a week for weeks 2-6 after receiving three intrarecta ... | 2000 | 10806419 |
| influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats. | the effect of spices on gastric acid secretion is variable. their mechanism of action is also not well established. | 2000 | 10812814 |
| the exbd2 gene as well as the iron-uptake genes tonb, exbb and exbd1 of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris are essential for the induction of a hypersensitive response on pepper (capsicum annuum). | the tonb, exbb and exbd1 genes of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris are essential for ferric iron uptake. in contrast, the exbd2 gene located in the same gene cluster is not essential. mutational analysis revealed that the ferric-iron-uptake genes tonb, exbb and exbd1 are necessary for the induction of a hypersensitive response (hr) on the nonhost plant pepper (capsicum annuum) and the induction of typical black rot symptoms on the host plant cauliflower (brassica oleracea). again, the exbd2 ... | 2000 | 10832632 |