| [natural drugs are waiting to be standardized, for instance ginseng]. | | 1978 | 101811 |
| effects of panax ginseng extracts on the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. | | 1979 | 113372 |
| effects of the second (ethanol) extract of ginseng on the cardiovascular dynamics of dogs during halothane anesthesia. | an electromagnetic flowmeter probe was chronically implanted around the ascending aorta in a group of dogs. subsequently, ten dogs were lightly anesthetized with halothane (0.75%), and a second (ethanol) extract of ginseng (40 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. five dogs were anesthetized without the administration of ginseng. eleven cardiovascular variables including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral ... | 1979 | 157841 |
| effects of the third (aqueous) extract of ginseng on the cardiovascular dynamics of dogs during halothane anesthesia. | an electromagnetic flowmeter probe was chronically implanted around the ascending aorta in a group of dogs. subsequently, ten dogs were lightly anesthetized with halothane (0.75%) and the third (aqueous) extract of ginseng (40 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. five dogs were anesthetized without the administration of ginseng. eleven cardiovascular variables including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral ... | 1979 | 157842 |
| effect of ginseng on the brain biogenic monoamines and 3',5'-amp system. experiments on rats. | | 1978 | 207289 |
| stimulatory effect of ginsenosides on dna, protein and lipid synthesis in rat bone marrow and participation of cyclic nucleotides. | effects of several kinds of ginsenosides, saponins from panax ginseng on dna, rna, protein and lipid synthesis in bone marrow were investigated. single i.p. injection of 0.5--1 mg/100 g body weight of ginsenosides rb2, rc, re and rg1 4 h prior to the sacrifice increased dna synthesis in bone marrow cells. rna, protein and lipid synthesis were also increased. the direct addition of ginsenosides rb1, rb2 and rc mixture (gns) enhanced dna synthesis. cyclic amp levels in bone marrow cells were decre ... | 1978 | 227418 |
| effect of ginseng saponin on rat adrenal cyclic amp. | | 1979 | 228335 |
| stimulation of pituitary-adrenocortical system by ginseng saponin. | effects of preparations of saponin mixture and isolated ginsenosides, extracted from the root of panax ginseng, on plasma corticotropin (acth) and corticosterone concentrations in rats were determined by the radioimmunoassay and competitive protein binding method. when ginseng saponin mixture was administered to rats intraperitoneally, plasma acth and corticosterone increased significantly 30, 60 and 90 min after the treatment. the kinetic pattern of the increase in plasma acth was almost parall ... | 1979 | 232038 |
| chemico-pharmacological studies on saponins of panax ginseng c. a. meyer. ii. pharmacological part. | the pharmacological properties of seven pure saponins isolated from panax ginseng c. a. meyer were studied. 1. the ginseng saponins showed weak toxicities in mice. especially, rg1, rf and rb 1, which contained glucose as a sugar component, were weaker in their toxicities than the rest, which contained arabinose and/or rhamnose. it was also noted that the saponins containing protopanaxadiol as sapogenin were more toxic than those containing protopanaxatriol. 2. all the saponins diminished ach-ind ... | 1975 | 239732 |
| ginseng: the plant that hides from man. | | 1978 | 252017 |
| effects of herbs and drugs during pregnancy and lactation. | prior to considering the effects of herbs and drugs during pregnancy and lactation, attention is directed to the relevance of herbal medicines to human patients. when a drug is taken orally, its absorption, biotransformation, and excretion will affect its blood level. it then makes its way to the capillaries surrounding the alveoli of the breast, and the drug must cross the endothelium of the capillaries into the alveolar cells of the breast and then be excreted into the lumen with the milk. ... | 1979 | 262485 |
| [pharmacological actions of radix panaci noto-ginseng. (i) hemostatic and analgetic actions (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 292485 |
| [pharmacological actions of radix panaci noto-ginseng. (ii) anti-inflammatory activity (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 297476 |
| a contribution to our knowledge of ginseng. | the chinese people discovered ginseng and used it as a revitalizing agent since time immemorial. they are still the world's major consumers of this plant drug. the commercial product of ginseng comes from two species of the genus panax in the family araliaceae. these species are p. ginseng c. a. meyer which is the source plant of the chinese, korean and japanese brands of ginseng, and p. quinquefolius l., which is the source of american ginseng. phytogeographically, ginseng demonstrates the clas ... | 1977 | 322469 |
| history of ginseng. | | 1979 | 376893 |
| features of ginseng saponin-induced corticosterone secretion. | ginseng saponin administered intraperitoneally to rats induced a significant rise in plasma corticosterone, while it tended to increase plasma glucose and to decrease plasma immunoreactive insulin. oral or intraperitoneal administration of ginseng saponin increased plasma corticosterone in unanesthetized, pentobarbital-anesthetized or alloxan-diabetes rats. the histamine-induced rise in plasma corticosterone was suppressed by pretreatment with diphenhydramine, whereas the ginseng-induced rise wa ... | 1979 | 396151 |
| ginseng abuse syndrome. problems with the panacea. | | 1979 | 430716 |
| effect of ginseng principle on pyruvate kinase activity in rat liver. | | 1979 | 445678 |
| [hplc separation and quantitative determination of ginsenosides from panax ginseng, panax quinquefolium and from ginseng drug preparations (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 461552 |
| effect of panax ginseng extract on tissue glycogen and adrenal cholesterol depletion during prolonged exercise. | | 1979 | 461553 |
| [analysis of ginseng. i. the extraction and colorimetric determination of ginseng sapogenins (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 506732 |
| effect of ginseng saponins on nuclear ribonucleic acid (rna) metabolism. ii. rna polymerase activities in rats treated with ginsenoside. | | 1979 | 519810 |
| ultrastructural studies of morris hepatoma cells reversely transformed by ginsenosides. | ginsenosides, which were extracted from panax ginseng c.a. meyer, induced well the development of subcellular organelles in cultured morris hepatoma cells (mh1c1). | 1979 | 520487 |
| effect of ginseng saponin on serine dehydratase activity in rat liver. | | 1979 | 527136 |
| [preliminary studies on tissue culture of panax ginseng (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 532657 |
| effects of panax ginseng root on acquisition of sound discrimination behaviour in rats. | pole-climbing and shuttle-avoidance tests were employed to study the acquisition of conditioned avoidance response (car) and discrimination behaviour (db) in male wistar rats which had been given extracts from panax ginseng root intraperitoneally or orally. neither a lipid soluble fraction (gno. 5) nor a ginsenoside rg fraction (grg) produced significant changes in the acquisition of car. grg given intraperitoneally produced a significant acceleration in the acquisition of db between a 500 hz si ... | 1979 | 537257 |
| ultrastructural studies on the effects of korean panax ginseng on the theca interna of rat ovary. | an investigation was conducted to delineate the fine structure of steroid-producing ovarian theca interna cells following administration of korean panax ginseng to rats for 60 days. the cytoplasmic changes were observed in the ginseng-treated theca interna cells, increased number, size and density of the mitochondria, and increased size of the smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus. the nucleus and nucleolus were slightly enlarged ... | 1979 | 543488 |
| the effect of ginseng on lifespan and stress responses in mice. | it has been suggested that ginseng can increase long-term resistance to stress and disease and therefore affect the lifespan. we set out to investigate this idea by testing whether the continuous administration of ginseng could affect the lifespan of mice and/or their behavioural responses to stress. 270 mice of strain laca were divided into three groups: one group which was given ginseng from 8 weeks of age, a second group which was given ginseng from 52 weeks of age and an untreated control gr ... | 1979 | 571386 |
| stimulatory effect of panax ginseng principles on dna, rna, protein and lipid synthesis in rat bone marrow. | effects of extract fraction 3 and 4 from the root of panax ginseng on bone marrow cells of the rat were investigated. oral administration of fraction 3 and addition of fraction 4 in vitro stimulated dna, protein and lipid synthesis in bone marrow cells. the stimulatory effect was reduced by pretreatment of cycloheximide. single i.p. injection of fraction 4 also increased dna and rna synthesis. numbers of mitosis were increased by oral administration of fraction 3. extent of the increase was almo ... | 1977 | 578435 |
| stimulatory effect of panax ginseng principles on dna and protein synthesis in rat testes. | the effect of fraction 4 of the extract from the roots of panax ginseng, oura, on dna and protein syntheses was investigated. addition of fraction 4 in vitro stimulated dna and protein syntheses in testes. the stimulating effect was reduced by pretreatment with cycloheximide. this might give some evidence about the stimulatory effect of ginseng on spermatogenesis. | 1977 | 578462 |
| the chemical constituents of ginseng plants. | the dried roots and rhizomes of ginseng (p. ginseng c. a. meyer) contain many physiologically important constituents. these include ginseng saponins, ginseng oils and phytosterol, carbohydrates and sugars, organic acids, nitrogenous substances, amino acids and peptides, vitamins and minerals, and certain enzymes that have been isolated and characterized. among these, ginseng saponins are proven to be the principal and most active constituents. chemical research, therefore, has been focused on th ... | 1977 | 608333 |
| [test of panax ginseng c. a. meyer]. | | 1977 | 613971 |
| ginseng and mastalgia. | | 1978 | 656841 |
| effect of ginseng saponins on cholesterol metabolism. iii. effect of ginsenoside-rb on cholesterol synthesis in rats fed on high-fat diet. | | 1978 | 699217 |
| evaluation of commercial ginseng products. | the variation in panaxoside content of roots and commercial products of panax ginseng and p. quinquefolium was evaluated by a new spectrodensitometric tlc method. the method is rapid and applicable to all commercial products, and it has a relative standard deviation of 6.4%. panaxoside patterns of slurry-filled capsules and root extracts most closely resembled those of whole roots. tablets did not contain detectable panaxosides while teas and granules for infusion yielded only low concentrations ... | 1978 | 702314 |
| [quantitative analysis of ginseng saponins (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 712567 |
| [application of high-speed liquid chromatography and dual wave-length thin-layer chromatograph-densitometry to analysis of crude drugs: nucleosides and free bases of nucleic acids in ginseng roots (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 712578 |
| [korean ginseng]. | | 1978 | 716579 |
| a decrease in ammonia content in portal blood of rabbits administered with ginseng powder. | | 1978 | 723106 |
| effects of the first (ether) extract of ginseng on the cardiovascular dynamics of dogs during halothane anesthesia. | an electromagnetic flowmeter probe was chronically implanted around the ascending aorta in ten dogs. subsequently, these animals were maintained under halothane (0.75%) anesthesia during the intravenous administration of an ether extract (40 mg/kg) of ginseng. five other dogs were anesthetized without injecting ginseng. eleven cardiovascular variables including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, ... | 1978 | 750170 |
| effect of panax ginseng alcohol extract on cardiovascular system. | | 1978 | 753038 |
| [efficiency control of a ginseng containing geriatric drug by means of the kraepelin method]. | | 1977 | 836534 |
| accelerated ethanol elimination under the effect of ginseng (experiments on rats). | | 1977 | 899805 |
| the growth of cultured human fibroblasts treated with hydrocortisone and extracts of the medicinal plant pan ax ginseng. | | 1977 | 902695 |
| the evaluation of ginseng and its congeners by droplet counter-current chromatography (dcc). | | 1977 | 905422 |
| effect of ginseng extract on ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in rat kidney. | | 1977 | 908093 |
| effects of panax ginseng root on conditioned avoidance response in rats. | pole climbing and shuttle box tests were employed to study conditioned avoidance response (car) and discrimination behaviour in wistar male rats given extracts from panax ginseng root intraperitonealy. neutral saponins (gns), a water soluble fraction (gf4) which does not contain saponins, and a lipid soluble fraction (gno. 5) inhibited car and discrimination ability between 500 hz sound with electric shock (sd) and 1000 hz sound without shock (sdelta). small doses of gno. 5 and ginsenoside rg fr ... | 1977 | 926456 |
| influence of ginseng on mating behavior of male rats. | experiment on the mating behavior of male albino rats paired with receptive females established that in comparison with control animals, males under the influence of ginseng (a) began ejaculation earlier and repeated the action more often in a 45-minute observation period and (b) deposited more copulation plugs in 10 days. the data suggest that ginseng facilitates the mating behavior of male rats. | 1976 | 937239 |
| restoration of radiation injury by intraperitoneal injection of ginseng extract in mice. | | 1976 | 957278 |
| effect of ginseng saponins on nuclear ribonucleic acid (rna) metabolism. i. rna synthesis in rats treated with ginsenosides. | | 1976 | 1017085 |
| syntheses of betulafolienetriol and the ginseng sapogenin, 20(s)-protopanaxadiol. | | 1976 | 1021246 |
| effect of ginseng extract on lipid and sugar metabolism ii. nutritional states in rats. | | 1976 | 1021276 |
| effect of ginseng saponins on cholesterol metabolism. ii. effect of ginsenosides on cholesterol synthesis by liver slice. | | 1976 | 1022343 |
| effect of ginseng saponin on liver glycogen content. | | 1976 | 1022357 |
| ginseng: its history, dispersion, and folk tradition. | this article presents a historical comparison of the traditions surrounding and uses of ginseng in asia and in north america, with a focus on the triangle formed by the chinese, the north american indians, and the white american residents. the medicinal and folkloric applications of ginseng by the chinese were remarkably similar to those independently developed by various north american indian tribes. white americans, however, largely disregarded the herbal root medicinal qualities in favor of t ... | 1975 | 1103611 |
| studies on the biochemical action of ginseng saponin. i. purification from ginseng extract of the active component stimulating serum protein biosynthesis. | systematic isolation and purification of the biologically active component of ginseng extract were followed by observing the incorporation of labeled leucine into serum protein at 6 hr after a single intraperitoneal injection in a mouse. ginseng saponin mixture (fraction 5) exhibited high activity for such incorporation. seven saponins were isolated from fraction 5 by means of preparative tlc, and assayed. administration of all these saponins (ginsenoside-rb2, rc, rc2, rd, re, and rg1)except for ... | 1975 | 1158854 |
| [effect of liquid extracts of ginseng and eleutherococcus roots on cell carbohydrate-phosphorus metabolism in the rat liver]. | | 1975 | 1165330 |
| [enzymatic hydrolysis of ginseng saponins and their related glycosides (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 1170313 |
| chemico-pharmacological studies on saponins of panax ginseng c. a. meyer. i. chemical part. | for the purpose of clarification of pharmacological actions of ginseng saponins we tried the isolation of ginseng saponins on a larger scale and succeeded in the isolation of eight saponins in a pure state and in sufficient amounts for the pharmacological assay. these eight saponins agreed all completely with the authentic samples of shibata-shoji and co-workers in molecular formula of saponins and sapogenins, sugars and tlc. the physical properties of saponins were shown. as other components of ... | 1975 | 1174030 |
| effect of ginseng extract on endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome. | | 1975 | 1178790 |
| effect of ginseng saponins on cholesterol metabolism. i. the level and the synthesis of serum and liver cholesterol in rats treated with ginsenosides. | | 1975 | 1181066 |
| a colorimetric estimation of ginseng saponins. | | 1975 | 1208686 |
| effect of ginseng extract on lipid and sugar metabolism. i. metabolic correlation between liver and adipose tissue. | | 1975 | 1218449 |
| studies on the constituents of himalayan ginseng, panax pseudoginseng. ii. the structures of the saponins (2). | | 1975 | 1218457 |
| [quantitative analysis of dammarane type saponins of ginseng and its application to the evaluation of the commercial ginseng tea and ginseng extract (author's transl)]. | | 1975 | 1240953 |
| [letter: ginseng]. | | 1976 | 1250456 |
| protective effect of ren-shen-yang-rong-tang (ninjin-youei-to) in mice with drug-induced leukopenia against pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. | when 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (cy) or 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) were given subcutaneously to mice, severe reduction of leukocyte numbers in the peripheral blood was observed on day 4 and from day 4 to day 8 after the treatment, respectively. daily administration of ren-shen-yang-rong-tang (japanese name: ninjin-youei-to, nyt), (1 g/kg/day) and recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhug-csf, 2 micrograms/mouse/day) either from day 0 to day 4 after treatment with cy or from day ... | 1992 | 1280629 |
| renshen zaizao wan (restorative bolus of ginseng). | | 1992 | 1291828 |
| shi-quan-da-bu-tang (ten significant tonic decoction), sqt. a potent chinese biological response modifier in cancer immunotherapy, potentiation and detoxification of anticancer drugs. | shi-quan-da-bu-tang (ten significant tonic decoction), or sqt (juzentaihoto, tj-48) was formulated by taiping hui-min ju (public welfare pharmacy bureau) in chinese song dynasty in ad 1200. it is prepared by extracting a mixture of ten medical herbs (rehmannia glutinosa, paeonia lactiflora, liqusticum wallichii, angelica sinesis, glycyrrhiza uralensis, poria cocos, atractylodes macrocephala, panax ginseng. astragalus membranaceus and cinnamomum cassia) that tone the blood and vital energy, and s ... | 1992 | 1294861 |
| influences of ginsenosides rb1, rb2, and rb3 on electric and contractile activities of normal and damaged cultured myocardiocytes. | free radical damage to the cultured myocardiocytes of wistar rat was induced by adding xanthine 0.42 mmol.l-1 and xanthine oxidase 5.3 nmol.l-1 to the culture medium. 30 micrograms.ml-1 of rb1, rb2 or rb3 extracted from the leaf and stem of panax ginseng c a meyer restored the action potentials (ap) of free radical damaged cells to normal, indicating their antioxidative action. on normal myocardial cells, rb1, rb2, rb3 20 micrograms.ml-1 inhibited the ap and spontaneous contractility, (suggestin ... | 1992 | 1300040 |
| [clinical and experimental study on shen-qi injection with chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumor of digestive tract]. | shen-qi (ginseng-astragalus) injection was used with chemotherapy in the treatment of 176 cases of malignant tumor of the digestive tract. results showed that shen-qi injection could reduce the toxic effects produced by chemical agents and increase the patient's body weight, as compared with that treated by chemotherapy alone (p < 0.001). it could protect the body's hematopoietic function. in shen-qi injection with chemotherapy group; the wbc count changed insignificantly but in chemotherapy gro ... | 1992 | 1302539 |
| behavioral effects of stem-leaves extract from panax ginseng c.a. meyer. | the behavioral effects of extracts from ginseng stem and leaves (gl), standardized with respect to the total saponines, and from ginseng roots (g115), standardized with respect to the content of ginsenosides were examined in experiments on rats with undisturbed memory and in rats with experimentally-impaired memory (electroconvulsive shock) using the methods for active avoidance (shuttle-box) and passive avoidance (step-down, step-through), the water-maze method and the method for studying explo ... | 1992 | 1306029 |
| effect of ginsenoside rgl on the release of enzymes by cultured endothelial cells. | the effects of ginsenoside rgl, isolated from ginseng radix, on the secretion of plasminogen activator and angiotensin-converting enzyme from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were investigated in vitro. ginsenoside rgl significantly increased the secretion of plasminogen activator from the cells both with and without stimulation of the cells by thrombin. ginsenoside rgl also remarkably induced the secretion of angiotensin-converting enzyme from the cells. furthermore, ginsenoside ... | 1992 | 1318638 |
| [relation between emphysema and diaphragmatic fatigue]. | emphysematous rats induced by elastase were divided into 5 groups: n (control), p1 (elastase for 3 mo.), p2 (elastase for 4.5 mo.; ns intraperitoneally for 1 mo. after 3.5 mo. elastase); a and c, aminophylline and ginseng preparation were respectively given in the same fashion as p2. the results were: 1. tension and endurance of diaphragm muscle decreased under low frequency stimulation in p2, while those no change in p1. dna, rna and atpase increased, cross-sectional areas and glycogen decrease ... | 1992 | 1319806 |
| biotransformation of digitoxigenin by ginseng hairy root cultures. | five new compounds (three esters and two glycosides) and seven previously reported compounds were isolated as biotransformation products of digitoxigenin by ginseng hairy root cultures. the new esters and glycosides were elucidated as digitoxigenin stearate, digitoxigenin palmitate, digitoxigenin myristate, 3-epidigitoxigenin beta-d-gentiobioside and digitoxigenin beta-d-sophoroside using 1h and 13cnmr and fab mass spectral data. biotransformations involving esterification (of stearic acid, palm ... | 1990 | 1366480 |
| a bidesmosidic oleanolic acid saponin from panax pseudo-ginseng. | a novel triterpenoid saponin, pseudo-ginsenoside-ri3, isolated from the rhizomes of panax pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus var. angustifolius has been characterized as 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl (1----6)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl 28-o-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid ester by physicochemical methods. | 1992 | 1368034 |
| problems of optimisation of plant cell culture processes. | the adoption of plant cell cultures as an industrial process depends greatly on the economics of such a process. the multicycle or draw-fill culture technique is one method for improving the productivity and, hence, cost of a process. mathematical models have been devised for the functional relationships between the nominal costs of biomass and secondary metabolites and the plant cell growth characteristics in a multicycle growth system. the models were used to evaluate the data obtained with cu ... | 1992 | 1368973 |
| the decline of atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) gene expression in older rats and the effects of ginsenoside on anp gene expression. | 1. the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide(anp) gene expression in rat atria at 2-3 and 14-18 months of age and the effects of ginsenosides on r-anp gene expression by determining the concentration of anp-mrna were investigated. the male and female rats were abdominally (i.p.) injected with aqueous solution of ginsenosides prepared from ginseng stems and leaves (g-psl) and ginseng roots (g-pr), 50 mg/kg body wt, once a day for 7 days. atria total rna was extracted by the cold phenol method. the ... | 1992 | 1386796 |
| [effect of total saponins of panax ginseng on hematopoietic progenitor cells in normal human and aplastic anemia patients]. | ginseng was said to be benefit for anemia in tcm. proliferation effects of total saponins of panax ginseng (tspg) on hematopoietic progenitor cell in normal individuals and 29 patients with aplastic anemia (aa) were observed by bone marrow culture of bfu-e, cfu-e, cfu-gm in vitro compared with methyltestosterone (mt). the results showed that tspg might prompt proliferation of normal progenitor cells at the concentration of 20 micrograms/ml. the number of bfu-e, cfu-e and cfu-gm had increased by ... | 1992 | 1392481 |
| [experimental research on improving the blood flow of ischemic myocardial tissue in rabbits by using panax ginseng]. | | 1992 | 1392497 |
| [effects of ginseng volatile oil on cytochemical components of sgc-823 gastric carcinoma in cell culture]. | after 24, 48 and 72 hours' treatment of cells of sgc-823 gastric carcinoma in cell cultures with ginseng volatile oil, glycogen, succinate dehydrogenase and dna in single cells were measured quantitatively with mpv2 microscope photometer. the results show that the inhibition of cancer cell growth by ginseng volatile oil may be due to the action of metabolism of dna, carbohydrates and energy. | 1992 | 1418525 |
| [effect of radix astragali and radix ginseng in enhancing the metabolism of human myocardial cells in vitro]. | our experiment indicated that in radix astragali and radix ginseng treated human myocardial cell cultures the level of ldh and sdh elevated in varying degrees and in radix ginseng treated cells the camp showed higher levels but in radix ginseng treated ones the same was not observed. this suggests that the metabolism of myocardial cells is enhanced by radix astragali or radix ginseng. | 1992 | 1418541 |
| [thin layer chromatographic studies on radix ginseng, fructus schisandrae and radix salviae miltiorrhizae in yixinfumai granules]. | the main constituents of radix ginseng, fructus schisandrae and radix salviae miltiorrhizae in yixinfumai granules were studied by tlc. it was found that ginsenoside got hydrolyzed while the drugs were being boiled together. the main constituents of fructus schisandrae were schizandrol a and b; and those of radix salviae miltiorrhizae were tanshinone and protocatechuic aldehyde. | 1992 | 1418549 |
| anti-stress effect of ginseng on the inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance in stressed mice. | we examined how the ginseng extract (ge) acts on the antinociceptive effect induced by footshock (fs)-, psychological (psy)- and forced swimming (sw)-stress (stress-induced analgesia, sia), and also on the suppression by fs- and psy-stress of the development of tolerance to morphine in mice. neither an acute treatment nor 5 daily pretreatments with ge at 100 mg/kg, p.o. affected each sia. pretreatment with ge at 100 mg/kg, p.o. for 5 days followed by the treatment in combination with the exposur ... | 1992 | 1434134 |
| blockade by ginseng extract of the development of reverse tolerance to the ambulation-accelerating effect of methamphetamine in mice. | daily repeated administration of methamphetamine (map) developed reverse tolerance to its ambulation-accelerating effect. after pretreatment of mice daily with ginseng extract (ge) for 5 days, concomitant injections of map and ge suppressed the development of reverse tolerance to the effect of map, although ge itself did not affect the spontaneous motor activity of the naive mice. these results provide evidence that ge may be useful for prevention and therapy of the adverse action of map. | 1992 | 1434137 |
| activation of pc12 cells by lipophilic components of panax ginseng. | the lipid soluble fraction of panax ginseng c. a. meyer has been found to possess a stimulatory effect on a para-neuronal culture cell line, namely pc12 cells. addition of the diethyl ether extract (0.025-0.1 mg/ml) of ginseng radix to a culture medium promoted the outgrowth of neurites from cells dose-dependently as well as their ready differentiation to respond to carbachol and high kcl-evoked membrane depolarization to induce free ca2+ accumulation in the cells within a week of culture. effec ... | 1992 | 1438592 |
| studies on absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. viii. isotope labeling of ginsenoside rb2. | to clarify the pharmacokinetics of absorption, distribution and excretion of ginsenoside rb2 (rb2), one of the major saponins of the root of panax ginseng, following oral administration to rats, a tritium (3h) labeling of rb2 was examined. the c-12 position of rb2 was labeled with 3h-sodium borohydride (3h-nabh4) and 12-3h rb2 and 12-3h-epi rb2 was synthesized. this method of specific position labeling of rb2 may be applicable to other ginsenosides. in the near future, the pharmacokinetics of rb ... | 1992 | 1446368 |
| [pharmacological studies of nutritive and tonic crude drugs on fatigue in mice]. | the aim of the present study was to clarify acute anti-fatiguing effects of three crude liquid drug preparations (s1-s3), containing almost the same amounts of ginseng radix, epimedii herba and agkistrodon japonicae, with each differentially containing an additional 11, 13 or 15 crude drugs. after preloading forced swimming or tetrabenazine (tbz: 50, 100 mg/kg, i.p.), each of the s1-s3 preparations applied orally (0.1 ml/10 g) significantly increased the duration times of swimming together with ... | 1992 | 1464401 |
| influence of the 70% methanolic extract from red ginseng on the lysosome of tumor cells and on the cytocidal effect of mitomycin c. | the influence of the 70% methanolic extract (rme) from red ginseng on the lysosome of tumor cells and on the cytocidal effect of mitomycin c (mmc) was investigated. rme treatment showed an inhibitory effect on the solid form of ehrlich ascites carcinoma but had no effect on the ascites form. mmc combined with rme showed stronger antitumor effects, at the same time, the activity of lysosomal enzymes in tumor cells was also increased in comparison with that treated with mmc alone. furthermore, rme ... | 1992 | 1470665 |
| anti-ulcer activity and mode of action of the polysaccharide fraction from the leaves of panax ginseng. | the effects of a weakly acidic polysaccharide fraction, gl-4, from the leaves of panax ginseng c. a. meyer on various experimental gastric ulcer models in mice and rats have been studied. oral administration of gl-4 at doses of 50 to 200 mg/kg inhibited the formation of the gastric lesions induced by necrotizing agents such as hcl/ethanol and ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. this protective effect was observed not only upon oral but also upon subcutaneous administration of gl-4 (50-100 mg/kg) ... | 1992 | 1470667 |
| purification of an anti-ulcer polysaccharide from the leaves of panax ginseng. | water-soluble and alkaline-soluble crude polysaccharides which were separated from the roots or leaves of panax ginseng c. a. meyer, were compared for their anti-ulcer activity. of these four polysaccharide fractions, the water-soluble crude polysaccharide fraction (gl-2) from the leaves and the alkaline-soluble crude polysaccharide fraction (gra-2) from the roots prevented hcl/ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis in mice potently. the most potent fraction, gl-2, was further fractionated into four poly ... | 1992 | 1470669 |
| ginsenosides protect pulmonary vascular endothelium against free radical-induced injury. | we studied the actions of saponin (ginsenosides) from panax ginseng on free radical-induced pulmonary endothelial injury which is manifest as reversal of the normal vasodilator response to acetylcholine in perfused, vasoconstricted lungs. 50 or 200 micrograms/ml ginsenosides prevented this injury response and also reduced the pulmonary edema which follows free radical injury but did not alter the normal ach-induced vasodilation in intact lungs. in control perfused lungs preconstricted with u4661 ... | 1992 | 1472038 |
| [farm irrigation index for culturing panax ginseng c.a. meyer]. | the growth and yield of annual and perennial panax ginseng were observed by applying methods of mini-irrigation and irrigation under different negative pressures of soil humidometer. after four experiments optimum values of negative pressure were found to assist timely irrigation, thus providing scientific criteria of rational irrigation and automated mini-irrigation for culturing panax ginseng. | 1992 | 1482530 |
| [thin layer chromatography and extractive technology of panax japonicum c.a. mey. var. major (burk.) c. y. wu et k. m. feng growing in qingba mountain area]. | chemical components of the root, stem and leaves of panax japonicum var. major were compared with those of radix ginseng and radix notoginseng by tlc. the results showed that the total saponin of the root panax japonicum var. major was closer to that of radix ginseng and the total saponin of its stem and leaves was similar to radix notoginseng. a better extractive technology was obtained after isolating and purifying the whole herb of panax japonicum var. major by ethyl alcohol at different conc ... | 1992 | 1482533 |
| [pharmacological study on panax ginseng c. a. meyer. xiv. effect of 70% methanolic extract from red ginseng on the cytocidal effect of mitomycin c against rat ascites hepatoma ah 130]. | the influence of the 70% methanolic extract (rme) from red ginseng (a steamed and dried root of panax ginseng c. a. meyer) on the antitumor activity of mitomycin c (mmc) against rat ascites hepatoma ah 130 was investigated. in the case of a solid tumor, rme at oral doses of 200, 500 mg/kg showed an inhibitory effect, but rme was ineffective in the case of an ascites tumor. mmc combined with rme showed a stronger antitumor effect than mmc alone. moreover, rme inhibited the pulmonary metastases of ... | 1992 | 1484350 |
| [pharmacological study on panax ginseng c. a. meyer. xv. effects of 70% methanolic extract from red and white ginseng on the antitumor activity of mitomycin c]. | the influence of various fractions and ginsenosides from the 70% methanolic extract (rme) of red ginseng (a steamed and dried root of panax ginseng c. a. meyer) on the cytocidal effect of mitomycin c (mmc) against ehrlich ascites carcinoma was investigated in vitro. the acoet soluble portion (rme-i) showed an increasing effect on the activities of lysosomal enzymes in the cultured tumor cells. rme-i promoted the uptake of mmc into the tumor cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity of mmc against the ... | 1992 | 1484351 |
| recent advances on ginseng research in china. | ginseng, panax ginseng c.a. meyer, is a well-known chinese traditional medicine. there have been more than 300 original papers in chinese and in english during the last 10 years in china. this review paper summarizes some achievements from some of these published papers. twenty-eight ginsenosides and some minor constituents were extracted and isolated from the root, root-stock, stems, leaves, flowers and flower-buds of ginseng. the chemical analysis demonstrated that the content of ginsenosides ... | 1992 | 1501490 |
| hemorrheological and circulatory effects of gincosan. | gincosan is a combined preparation containing 60 mg ginkgo biloba and 100 mg ginseng, standardized of 24% ginkgo flavone glycosides and 4% ginsenosides. hemorrheological and circulatory effect as well as blood pressure behavior after the administration of gincosan were studied in an acute trial on 10 voluntary subjects with a mean age of 26 years. systolic blood pressure decreased significantly both for the large-dose (120 mg ginkgo biloba +200 mg ginseng) and low-dose administration (60 mg gink ... | 1992 | 1506124 |
| antagonism of u-50,488h-induced antinociception by ginseng total saponins is dependent on serotonergic mechanisms. | morphine-induced antinociception was prevented by pretreatment with ginseng total saponins in the tail-pinch and tail-flick tests carried out in mice. the antinociceptive effect of u-50,488h, a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, was prevented by naloxone, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, in the tail-pinch but not in the tail-flick test. however, u-50,488h-induced antinociception was prevented by ginseng total saponins in the tail-flick but not in the tail-pinch test. these result ... | 1992 | 1513840 |
| [antipyretic effects of traditional chinese medicines in bacterial endotoxin-induced febrile rabbits]. | the antipyretic effects of oral administration of eight traditional chinese medicines (dried extracts) were tested in febrile rabbits injected with bacterial pyrogen, lipopolysaccharide (lps) 0.05 micrograms/kg (i.v.). the traditional chinese medicines were given 0.6-2 g/10 ml/kg (p.o.) simultaneously with lps. the most potent antipyretic effect was observed in dai-jyoki-to (ta-chen-chi-tang). the moderate antipyretic effects were observed in toki-syakuyaku-san (tang-kuei-shao-yao-san) and syo-s ... | 1992 | 1517976 |