| high-temperature production of protein-enriched feed from cassava by fungi. | a simple, nonaseptic, low-cast process for the conversion of cassava, a starchy tropical root crop, into microbial protein for use as animal feed was sought. screening tests culminated in the isolation of a thermotolerant, amylase-producing mold, designated i-21, which was identified as aspergillus fumigatus. the optimum ph for protein synthesis was 3-5, but the optimum temperature was less than the desired temperature (larger than or equal to 45 c) required for a nonaseptic fermentation. a. fum ... | 1975 | 2105 |
| food protein sources. | work on food, planned by the u.m. (use and management) section of the u.k. committe, was limited to sources of protein because we agreed that more problems calling for research were likely to arise in getting adequate supplies of protein than of other types of food. deer meat can be produced on land too rough and exposed for sheep; parts of the work on their metabolism and food requirements necessitated building a mobile laboratory. the manner in which the nutritive value of maize is affected by ... | 1976 | 8803 |
| [nitrogen balance in adults and experimental study in rats fed with rice, beans and manioc flour supplemented with proteins]. | rice, beans and manioc flour are foods eaten daily in northeast brazil. manioc flour is a source of energy, having a low protein content. there has been a great interest to supplement manioc flour with proteins. the present study was planned to show the nutritive value of a basic diet including rice, beans, manioc flour and other local foods, supplemented with different sources of proteins. the experiment was carried out in humans and rats. the supplements used were casein (ca), isolated soy pro ... | 1977 | 96753 |
| studies on the phyllosphere microflora of tapioca (manihot utilissima pohl). | studies on the phyllosphere microflora of tapioca (manihot utilissima pohl.) revealed that incidence of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes is indipendent of the variety, but dependent on the age. the bacteria and fungi increased with increasing age of the leaf and were more on mature leaves, whereas no such difference was noticed in the occurrence of actinomycetes. the large majority of the isolates, that were gram-negative bacteria, was also amino acid-requiring. the chromogenic types occurred ... | 1976 | 189529 |
| iris metastasis from a bronchial carcinoid tumor. | a 54-year-old man had a fleshy pink vascularized mass in the superonasal quadrant of the right iris. he had a history of an unchanging pulmonary nodule that was followed up for five years with routine chest roentgenograms. fluorescein angiography demonstrated early filling of numerous fine blood vessels in the mass and diffuse late staining of the lesion. results of a transcorneal radioactive phosphorus (32p) uptake test were positive. the clinical diagnosis was tapioca melanoma of the iris, wit ... | 1978 | 203256 |
| effects of cyanogenic agents on reproduction and neonatal development in rats. | a diet consisting of 50% gari (a form of cassava meal) was found to cause no significant biochemical and haematological changes in adult female rats. although this diet caused a significant increase in their serum thiocyanate levels, there was no corresponding significant increase in the weight of their thyroid glands. the offspring of these rats had significantly lower birth weights and brain weights and never attained the same adult weights as those of the controls. adult female rats fed a die ... | 1979 | 230860 |
| safety evaluation of aspergillus fumigatus grown on cassava for use as an animal feed. | a safety evaluation of aspergillus fumigatus i21, grown in a cassava carbohydrate and salts medium, was undertaken. male weanling rats were fed the fungus at 20, 30 and 40% of the diet for 90 days. a control group was given soybean oil meal as the sole source of protein. weekly determinations of the body weights and feed consumptions were made. a few days prior to termination of the feeding study, a kidney function test was undertaken on the rats. at the end of the feeding period hematology, blo ... | 1977 | 336162 |
| the origin of nitrogen incorporated into compounds in the rumen bacteria of steers given protein- and urea-containing diets. | 1. two young friesian steers fitted with rumen cannulas were each given three different isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets for successive periods of 2-3 weeks. the diets consisted mainly of straw and tapioca, with the nitrogen supplied mainly as decorticated groundnut meal(dcgm; diet a), in approximately equal amounts of dcgm and urea (diet b), or entirely as urea (diet c). 2. at the end of each period on a given diet, part of the dietary urea of a morning feed was replaced by a solution of [ ... | 1979 | 420753 |
| [role of the digestive microflora and of the crystalline structure of starch in digestion and dietary efficiency in the chicken. study of tropical tubers]. | the influence of microflora in the utilization of starches, the x ray pattern which was of a or b type, was studied by balances and carcasses analysis with growing axenic or holoxenic chickens, put in isolators. five tropical tubers were used : manihot utilissima and dioscorea dumetorum of a-type, dioscorea cayenensis and alata and canna edulis of b-type. they were introduced in isoenergetic (4,460 kcal/g d.m.) and isoproteic (18 p. 100) diets. the a-type starches are entirely digested (95 p. 10 ... | 1979 | 496174 |
| gibberellin a4 produced by sphaceloma manihoticola, the cause of the superelongation disease of cassava (manihot esculenta). | | 1979 | 518631 |
| dietary cyanide and tropical malnutrition diabetes. | two categories of diabetes are recognized in the temperate zone--ketosis-prone diabetes requiring insulin and diabetes not requiring insulin. another unique type of diabetes occurs in the tropics. it has two forms, both different from either form of temperate zone diabetes. type j and pancreatic diabetes are both characterized by youth onset, antecedent malnutrition, substantial insulin requirement, and resistance to ketosis. in the tropical countries where they are found, both forms are associa ... | 1979 | 574813 |
| the utilization of proteins and amino acids in diets based on cassava (manihot utilissima), rice or sorghum (sorghum sativa) by young nigerian men of low income. | | 1978 | 629918 |
| [pathogenesis of endemic goiter: evidence of a dietary factor different from iodine deficiency (author's transl)]. | the role of cassava was investigated in particularly severe endemic goiter area (ubangi). dietary intake of cassava induces an increase of plasma thiocyanate concentration and an increase of urinary excretion of stable iodine. generalized iodine deficiency induces very high thyroid uptakes; the other parameters of thyroid function are more or less affected according to the dietary intake of thiocyanate. when thiocyanate intake is high an adaptation is obtained only at the expense of a drop of pl ... | 1978 | 686655 |
| effect of linamarin on thiocyanate production and thyroid activity in rats. | the principal cyanogenic glucoside in cassava is linamarin (2-hydroxyisobutyronitrile-beta-d-glucoside). addition of pure linamarin to a diet based on 10% vitamin-free casein did not affect the weight gain of rats. however, as expected, the animals that received the casein diet supplemented with methionine gained more weight than those that received the unsupplemented diet. the amount of thiocyanate ion excreted in the urine by the animals that received linamarin was higher than that excreted by ... | 1978 | 731726 |
| exoenzymic activity of alpha-amylase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin. | amylose and amylopectin from two starch sources were partially degraded by alpha-amylase immobilized on a phenol-formaldehyde resin. the degradation products were fractioned by gel-permeation chromatography and high-pressure, liquid chromatography. two distinct fractions were obtained from tapioca amylose. one is a fragment having a molecular weight exceeding 200,000, and the other consists of oligosaccharides of low molecular weight with a degree of polymerization of 1-8. in contrast, treatment ... | 1976 | 820427 |
| digestibilities of nitrogen compounds in rumen bacteria and in other components of digesta in the small intestine of the young steer. | 1. mixed bacteria were obtained from the rumen contents of steers and were taken at different times after the animals had been given different feeds. the feeds contained [15n]urea and in some experiments na2 35so4 so that the bacteria were labelled with these isotopes. 2. samples of labelled bacteria were subjected to a simulated abomasal digestion with pepsin and the digests were infused with a non-absorbed marker, polyethylene glycol, into the duodenums of test steers equipped with re-entrant ... | 1977 | 911740 |
| influence of cassava diets on placental thiocyanate transfer, tissue rhodanese activity and performance of rats during gestation. | | 1977 | 916626 |
| effect of modified and unmodified tapioca starches on 59fe retention in rats. | the effects of a chemically-modified tapioca starch hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (hdp), and unmodified tapioca starch (ums) on 59fe retention by rats were compared. three experimental variables were evaluated: 1) the type of starch in the diet, 2) cooking of either the starch alone or the entire diet, and 3) the iron status of the rats. there were no significant differences in 59re retention between iron-adequate rats fed either ums or hdp. 59fe retention by iron-deficient rats was not affec ... | 1976 | 993856 |
| the possibility of dietary protective factors in duodenal ulcer. ii. an investigation into the effect of pre-feeding with different diets and of instillation of foodstuffs into the stomach on the incidence of ulcers in pylorus-ligated rats. | rats pre-fed on a south indian diet show a much higher incidence of ulceration of the stomach after pyloric ligation than those on a north indian diet. removing vegetables and pulses from the north indian diet deprives it of its protective effect. staple foodstuffs with a high buffer content (unmilled rice, unrefined wheat and a millet [ragi]) placed in the stomach after pyloric ligation are also protective, but those with a low buffer content (milled rice, tapioca, sorghum and maize) are not pr ... | 1976 | 995789 |
| [nutritive value of macaçar bean (vigna unguiculatta l.) walp (author's transl)]. | the biological value of dry and immature macaçar bean (vigna unguiculatta l.) walp, isolated or associated to manioc flour, was studied. thirty-six male albino rats, wistar strain, aged 23 days, were divided into six groups and fed experimental and control (casein) diets for 28 days. the weight curve and the per of the animals fed dry and immature macaçar bean either isolated or associated to manioc flour were lower than those of the casein group. the data lead to the conclusion that the macaçar ... | 1976 | 1013409 |
| [protein levels of bean and cassava flour mixture. 2. digestibility and biological value]. | | 1975 | 1043067 |
| digestibility of starches in infants and children. | the digestibility of various starches has been studied in normal infants of different ages. during balance periods of 3 days, while the infants were receiving known dietary quantities of the starch to be tested, the fecal content of lactic acid, glucose, dextrins, and starch was measured. after the first year of life, children were able to absorb almost completely 170 gm/m2 of body surface of cooked wheat starch given in the form of biscuit or macaroni. a lower absorption coefficient was found f ... | 1975 | 1167378 |
| nutritional studies on east african herbivores. 1. digestibilities of dry matter , crude fibre and crude protein in antelope, cattle and sheep. | 1. a series of digestibility trials was done using four animals of each of the following species: friesian cattle (bos taurus), boran zebu cattle (bos indicus), corriedale sheep, fat-tailed sheep, eland (taurotragus oryx pallas), coke's hartebeest (alcelaphus buselaphus cokei günther), thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsonii günther) and bush duiker (sylvicapra grimmia l.). 2. two batches of pelleted food were prepared from ground maize cobs, cassava, whs (a-e) were prepared containing 65 (a)-135 ( ... | 1975 | 1172929 |
| [influence of increasing tapioca supplements on nitrogen metabolism in wethers]. | | 1975 | 1224815 |
| cloning, partial sequencing and expression of a cdna coding for branching enzyme in cassava. | branching enzyme is involved in the synthesis of amylopectin in plant reserve starch. a cdna coding for cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) branching enzyme was cloned from a lambda gt11 cdna library using a potato cdna probe. the cloned cdna was partially sequenced. the sequence data confirmed the identity of the clone when compared to that of potato, the homology being ca. 80% at the nucleotide level and 85% at the amino acid level. furthermore, the cloned cassava cdna was able to restore branc ... | 1992 | 1281436 |
| a monkey model for mucoid vasculopathy. | mucoid vasculopathy is a new vascular entity observed by the author in autopsy material in kerala, a southwest coastal state of tropical india. this non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory connective tissue disorder affects mainly arteries, veins, vasa-nervosum and fascial tissues. characteristically, there are large deposits of acid mucopolysaccharide (glycosaminoglycan) material in the intima and media of arteries, accompanied by hyperplastic changes in cellular elements of the vessel wall and d ... | 1992 | 1295931 |
| voluntary intake of "tiquira", an alcoholic beverage prepared from fermented manioc, decreases immunoglobulin production and increases self-reactivity in mice. | we studied the effects of chronic voluntary ingestion of "tiquira" (50%)--an alcoholic beverage prepared from fermented manioc, widely consumed in maranhão,--on the natural immunological activity of young adult (2-3 months old) c57b1/6j mice (16-17 g) by evaluating the number of plaque-forming cells (pfcs) in the spleen and by titrating serum antibodies by elisa. voluntary ingestion of "tiquira" for 30 days decreased immunoglobulin secretion in serum (control: 1600 +/- 30 vs experimental: 193 +/ ... | 1992 | 1304941 |
| fumaric acid production from hydrolysates of starch-based substrates. | fumaric acid production by rhizopus arrhizus from commercial hydrolysates of corn starch (i.e. glucose molasses) was studied at different initial concentrations of glucose (s) and c:n ratios (r) by performing a 3(2) factorial experiment. by using the response surface methodology and statistical analysis, fumaric acid (yf) and mycelial biomass (yx) yields, as referred to the initial concentration of glucose and fumaric acid productivity (pf), were fitted to the only significant first-order effect ... | 1992 | 1368809 |
| iodine deficiency, other trace elements, and goitrogenic factors in the etiopathogeny of iodine deficiency disorders (idd). | severe goiter, cretinism, and the other iodine deficiency disorders (idd) have their main cause in the lack of availability of iodine from the soil linked to a severe limitation of food exchanges. apart from the degrees of severity of the iodine deficiency, the frequencies and symptomatologies of cretinism and the other idd are influenced by other goitrogenic factors and trace elements. thiocyanate overload originating from consumption of poorly detoxified cassava is such that this goitrogenic f ... | 1992 | 1375059 |
| chronic pancreatitis and diabetes. | chronic pancreatitis is defined by a persistent destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma replaced by fibrosis. the lesions generally start in the exocrine gland, islets being attacked later in the fibrosis. the two most frequent forms are: 1. chronic calcifying pancreatitis which is a pancreatic lithiasis responsible for more than 95% of chronic pancreatitis. in its most frequent form, calculi are built up of more than 98% calcium salts together with fibres of a degraded residue of lithostathine ... | 1992 | 1445167 |
| comparison of the effects of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) organic cyanide and inorganic cyanide on muscle and bone development in a nigerian breed of dog. | effects of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz)-borne organic cyanide and inorganic cyanide in the form of sodium cyanide on bone and muscle development were investigated in eighteen dogs of nigerian breed. after 16 weeks of stabilization in the laboratory from the time of purchase when the dogs were fed on the same diet, they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of six dogs each. the control group was fed on rice while the other two groups were fed on either cassava (gari) or rice ... | 1992 | 1445827 |
| histopathological changes in rat pancreas after fasting and cassava feeding. | histopathological changes in rat pancreas were induced by cyclic periods of experimental malnutrition or by cassava (manioc) feeding for 11 weeks. decline of body weight was correlated with decrease in testicular fat pad weight as a measure of body fat stores. a marked decrease in pancreatic weight in the cassava-fed group was correlated with shrinkage of acinar structures and degenerative features in exocrine pancreas. in the malnutrition group vacuolisation and loss of tissue architecture were ... | 1992 | 1457749 |
| rna-primed complementary-sense dna synthesis of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus. | the plant dna virus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) is believed to replicate by a rolling circle mechanism. to investigate complementary-sense dna (lagging strand) synthesis, we have analysed the heterogenous form of complementary-sense dna (h3 dna) from infected nicotiana benthamiana by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis and blot hybridisation. the presence of an rna moeity is demonstrated by comparison of results for nucleic acids resolved on neutral/alkaline and neutral/formamide ... | 1992 | 1475192 |
| cassava (ubi kayu) poisoning in children. | three sisters with cassava poisoning are described. a review of the toxic properties of cassava is presented together with discussion on the methods of its preparation, its adverse effects on man, its detoxification in the body, and the treatment of its poisoning. | 1992 | 1491651 |
| [the use of tapioca as coverage in viral titration]. | virus titration is an important step required on viral vaccines quality control. "plaque assay", which employs several types of overlay media, is usually used on viral titrations. in this paper we describe the use of tapioca as an overlay media. firstly, the toxicity of tapioca was tested on vero cells inoculated or not with the yellow fever virus (yf) 17dd vaccine strain. secondly, different batches of the 17dd virus using the tapioca and karaya gum as the overlay on vero cells were tested when ... | 1992 | 1492720 |
| effects of different rates of drying cassava root on its toxicity to broiler chicks. | 1. the effects of drying cassava root at different rates on its composition and toxicity to broiler chicks were examined. unpeeled roots from a high-cyanide cultivar of cassava were chipped and dried at 25 degrees c to a moisture content of below 100 g/kg over 24 h for fast-dried meal (fd) or 72 h for slow-dried meal (sd). the meals were incorporated at 250 and 500 g/kg into semi-synthetic diets which were fed to day-old broiler chicks as mash or pellets in separate experiments. 2. the two dryin ... | 1992 | 1493553 |
| [endemic goiter in the la kara region (togo). analysis of etiologic factors]. | among 6,035 people living in 3 villages from the area of la kara (togo), 984 randomized subjects were investigated to evaluate goiter prevalence and related etiologic factors. creatinine and thiocyanates (scn-) were measured in urine, thyroid hormones and tsh in plasma. iodine was evaluated in urine, water, salt, soil, millet and sorgho. the amount of cassava was evaluated in food. mean goiter prevalence was 32%, reaching to 45.9% in one village; urinary iodine remained in a low range (27.2 +/- ... | 1992 | 1504874 |
| the use of african cassava mosaic virus as a vector system for plants. | this paper describes the development of a gene-displacement vector based on dna1, one of two single stranded circular genomic components of a bipartite geminivirus, african cassava mosaic virus (acmv). the dna1 molecules of acmv were cloned as dimers into a plant transformation vector and the constructs have been integrated into tobacco protoplasts by peg-mediated dna transfer. in transgenic plants extrachromosomal copies of dna1 monomers could be detected. deletion of the coat protein-encoding ... | 1992 | 1537557 |
| inhibition of african cassava mosaic virus systemic infection by a movement protein from the related geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus. | plant viruses encode proteins that mediate their movement through the host plant leading to the establishment of a systemic infection. we have analyzed the effect of tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) genes bl1 and br1, which are thought to be involved in the process of virus movement, on the infectivity of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) in nicotiana benthamiana. recombinant genomes were constructed by replacing the acmv coat protein coding sequence with those of either bl1 or br1. replicati ... | 1992 | 1546454 |
| studies on weaning diets in nigeria: 2 protein sources. | protein isolates were extracted from melon, groundnut, and soybean cakes in an aqueous system that could potentially yield both oil and protein from oilseeds quantitatively. protein isolates obtained were 91.2, 78.6 and 79.5% of the total protein content of melon, groundnut and soybean cakes respectively. both cakes and isolates were assessed in a rat bioassay while breadfruit, cassava, and corn starch were also investigated as sources of carbohydrate. results showed that there were no significa ... | 1992 | 1574484 |
| regulation of the activities of african cassava mosaic virus promoters by the ac1, ac2, and ac3 gene products. | dna fragments comprising each of the promoter regions from the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) were cloned into the puc18-based vector, pg1, producing transcriptional fusions with the beta-glucuronidase gene (gus) and nopaline synthase terminator sequence. the relative activity of each promoter construct was analyzed by a gus expression assay of extracts from nicotiana clevelandii protoplasts coelectroporated with the gus reporter constructs and constructs in which individual acm ... | 1992 | 1585657 |
| a review of toxicity factors in some food and feedingstuffs in the nutrition of man and livestock in nigeria. | a review of the toxicity factors in some food and feedingstuffs in the nutrition of man and livestock in nigeria was conducted. the crops reviewed were cassava, cocoyam, guinea corn, cottonseed, soyabean, bambara, groundnut and cowpea. these crops provide cheap sources of carbohydrate and protein in the diets of humans and livestock. however, antinutritional factors inhibit their use. antinutritional or toxic factors associated with them are reviewed and means of detoxifying them for human and l ... | 1992 | 1621369 |
| evaluation of substrates and storage conditions for preparing and maintaining starter cultures for tempeh fermentation. | heat-pasteurized cassava root, cowpeas, partially defatted peanuts, rice and soybeans were evaluated for their suitability to support growth and sporulation of the tempeh mold, rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, and the oncom mold, neurospora intermedia, at 25, 30 and 37 degrees c. the molds grew best and sporulated most luxuriantly on cassava and rice incubated at 37 degrees c. viability of molds remained high for up to 30 weeks when dried (a(w) 0.48), powdered substrates on which the molds ... | 1992 | 1622761 |
| vasculopathic and cardiomyopathic changes induced by low-protein high-carbohydrate tapioca based diet in bonnet monkey. vasculopathic and cardiomyopathic changes in induced malnutrition. | mucoid vasculopathy is an entity characterized by a generalized mucopolysaccharidosis of blood vessels. it has been observed in patients from our institute. bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) were given low-protein normal-carbohydrate and low-protein high-carbohydrate tapioca based diets for experimental periods of 3 or 5 months. the latter diet is similar to that consumed by people from this part of india (kerala) where mucoid vasculopathy is observed. vascular lesions were seen in all test animal ... | 1992 | 1627329 |
| the toxic effects of cassava (manihot esculenta grantz) diets on humans: a review. | the toxic effects of cassava diets on humans were reviewed. some newspapers in nigeria have reported deaths associated with cassava meal consumption. the papers looked into the toxic factors in cassava, their causes, the resultant effects on humans, and the reasons why cassava diets became popular in nigeria. suggestions were made on how to process cassava to make it safe for human consumption. the reported deaths may have occurred due to improper processing. this may have left traces of hydroge ... | 1991 | 1650055 |
| digestibility of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet and its effect on growth in young male dogs. | experiments were carried out to study the digestibility of a cassava (gari) diet and its effect on growth in young male dogs. three groups of dogs were fed on diets with rice (control), cassava (gari), and rice + cyanide respectively as the carbohydrate source. each diet contained 130 g crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25)/kg, was supplemented with vitamins and minerals, and was fed for 14 weeks. variables measured were body-weight gain, bone growth, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1) activity, ... | 1991 | 1662068 |
| cardiovascular effects in bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) of a cassava-based protein-deficient diet. | bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) were maintained for up to 5 mo on protein-deficient diets that contained tapioca starch (cassava starch) as the source of carbohydrate. the animals developed mucopolysaccharidosis of blood vessels and cardiomyopathic changes in the heart. these changes were similar to the mucoid vasculopathy and cardiomyopathy seen in kerala where tapioca is consumed as a staple diet by a large proportion of the people. the lesions were enhanced by longer duration of feeling the d ... | 1991 | 1746130 |
| dietary exposure to aflatoxin in benin city, nigeria: a possible public health concern. | a total of 100 samples of various foods comprising of 10 samples each of garri (manihot utilis pohl), beans (phaseolus lunatus), yam flour (dioscorea rotundata), cassava flour (manihot esculentum), melon (citrulus lunatus), onion (allium cepa), rice (oryza sativa), plantain (musa paradisiaca), red pepper (capsicum annuum l., solanaceae) and eggs were screened for the presence of aflatoxins. fifty percent of yam flour; 40% of cassava flour; 30% of garri; 20% of beans and melon and 10% of rice yie ... | 1991 | 1777386 |
| comparative feeding value of tapioca pellets for feedlot cattle. | a feedlot growth-performance trial and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate the comparative feeding value of tapioca pellets (tp). in the growth-performance trial treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn (sfc)-based finishing diet in which a blend of 86% tp and 14% peanut meal replaced sfc at the rate of 0, 15, or 30% of diet dm. daily weight gain (p less than .10) and dm intake (p less than .01) were greatest when 15% of the diet dm consisted of tp. feed/gain increased linearly (p l ... | 1991 | 1808169 |
| [hormone profile of hypothyroidism in an area of the central african republic with endemic goiter]. | in the ouham region of centro african republic, one of the present authors (b.p.) described a severe goiter endemia due to marked iodine deficiency and high daily intake of manioc as staple food. in the present study serum tsh, t3 and t4 of 233 subjects were determined; 150 of them lived in rural villages (group 1) and 83 lived in bocaranga, chief town of the province (group 2). the blood samples done contemporaneously to the epidemiological survey, were strictly randomized in the population exa ... | 1991 | 1809307 |
| [thyroid hormone profiles in goitrous and non-goitrous subjects seen in an endemic goiter area of the central african republic]. | in the present study t3, t4, tsh serum concentrations were measured in 166 subjects whose goiter grading was ascertained according to who classification; 39 of them had no goiter (grading 0), 127 were goitrous with a grading comprised between 1a and 4. the two samples were composed by males and females of various ages whose choice was strictly predetermined by random numbers. the median ages of 127 goitrous and 39 non goitrous subjects were respectively 23.5 years and 33.5 years; 30 males and 5 ... | 1991 | 1809308 |
| community perceptions on diarrheal diseases: a case study in swampy lowland area of south sumatra, indonesia. the diarrheal diseases research and training study group. | four investigators conducted participative observation at 4 hamlets, representing 4 typical topography in the area, wet or dry near the river and wet or dry far from the river, in district rambutan, south sumatera province, indonesia from july 1988 up until february 1989 to study the community perception and practices on diarrheal diseases (dd). the observation was supported by focus group discussions and informal interviews. it was found that the causes of dd can be grouped into: dirty water; w ... | 1991 | 1852467 |
| whole blood cyanide levels of mainly dietary origin in a human population sample in port harcourt, nigeria. | whole blood cyanide levels in a human population sample of volunteers known to each gari-based meals at least once a day were determined. the most widely eaten cassava product in the area of research is gari. the mean blood cyanide obtained for healthy normal volunteers was 0.294 +/- 0.09 mumol/l while the value for sicklers was 0.398 +/- 0.008 mumol/l, indicating the possibility of reduced rate of metabolism and excretion of cyanide by sicklers as compared to non-sicklers. investigation of post ... | 1991 | 1852725 |
| african cassava mosaic virus di dna interferes with the replication of both genomic components. | natural infections of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) are known to be associated with low levels of defective interfering (di) dnas. recently it has been demonstrated that extrachromosomal copies of the di dna, mobilized and amplified from an integrated di dna dimer, can ameliorate acmv symptoms in transformed nicotiana benthamiana, providing a possible means for the control of cassava mosaic disease. to further understand the molecular basis of the interference phenomenon, w ... | 1991 | 1853559 |
| the effect of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model. 1. pancreas. | growing dogs were divided into three groups and were fed on a control (rice) diet, a diet in which cassava (manihot esculenta crantz; gari) was used as the carbohydrate source, and the rice diet to which cyanide (equivalent to that present in gari) was added. each group consumed its diet for 14 weeks, during which plasma thiocyanate concentration and plasma lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) activity were monitored. plasma free amino acids were determined from pooled samples taken at the end of the experimenta ... | 1991 | 1878356 |
| the effect of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model. 2. thyroid. | growing dogs were divided into three groups and were fed on nutritionally-balanced diets. control dogs were fed on a rice diet, the cassava (gari) group ate a diet in which gari provided the carbohydrate source, while the rice + cyanide group consumed the rice diet to which hydrocyanic acid (equivalent to that present in gari) was added. each group consumed its diet for 14 weeks, during which plasma thiocyanate concentration and total serum triiodothyronine (t3) were monitored. at the end of the ... | 1991 | 1878357 |
| tomato yellow leaf curl virus: a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus with a single genomic component. | the genome of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), a bemisia tabaci-transmitted geminivirus, was cloned. all clones obtained were of one genomic molecule, analogous to dna a of african cassava mosaic virus. nucleotide sequence analysis of the tylcv genome showed that it comprises 2787 nucleotides, encoding six open reading frames, two on the virion strand and four on the complementary strand. all of them have counterparts in other geminiviruses. dimeric copies of the cloned viral genome we ... | 1991 | 1926771 |
| analysis of the potential promoter sequences of african cassava mosaic virus by transient expression of the beta-glucuronidase gene. | dna fragments from promoter regions of the geminivirus, african cassava mosaic virus, were cloned into pg1, a vector based on puc18, producing transcriptional fusions with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene and nopaline synthase termination sequence. the activity of each promoter construct was assessed by analysing the transient expression of gus in nicotiana clevelandii protoplasts. the results demonstrated that constructs containing the common region of dna a showed much stronger promoter activ ... | 1991 | 1940874 |
| formulation of a flowable liquid concentrate of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 spores and crystals as mosquito larvicide. | bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 spores and crystals, produced in 51 fermenters, were centrifuged and resuspended in emulsified palm olein to give 3.2 x 10(11) colony forming units (cfu)/ml. the suspension was mixed with a cassava-molasses-palm olein-charcoal (cmpc-2) mixture which served as the carrier, adhesive, dispersant and protectant. the final concentration of the formulation was 3.2 x 10(9) cfu/ml. the lethal concentrations capable of killing 50% of the test population (lc50) of cmpc ... | 1991 | 1955414 |
| utility of cheap carbon & nitrogen sources for the production of a mosquito-pathogenic fungus, lagenidium. | attempts were made to produce lagenidium in culture media containing corn starch, barley flour, wheat flour, jaggery, rice bran, rice flour or tapioca starch as the major carbon source and groundnut cake as nitrogen source in comparison with peptone-yeast extract-glucose-sunflower oil (pygsf) agar medium. the number of zoospores produced by the mycelia grown in pygsf agar medium was 20 x 10(4)/10 cm2 while that grown in the other media was 20-25 x 10(4)/10 cm2. with respect to the larvicidal act ... | 1990 | 1971615 |
| mutational analysis of complementary-sense genes of african cassava mosaic virus dna a. | we have investigated the ability of african cassava mosaic virus dna a mutants, containing disrupted complementary-sense genes, to infect nicotiana benthamiana and to replicate in nicotiana tabacum protoplasts. three overlapping open reading frames (orfs) with the capacity to encode proteins with an mr greater than 10k (ac1, ac2 and ac3) are highly conserved between geminiviruses that infect dicotyledonous plants and one (ac4) is less well conserved. of these, only ac1 is a prerequisite for dna ... | 1991 | 2033385 |
| dna forms of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus consistent with a rolling circle mechanism of replication. | we have analysed dna from african cassava mosaic virus (acmv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis and detected acmv-specific dnas by blot-hybridisation. acmv dna forms including the previously characterised single-stranded, open-circular, linear and supercoiled dnas along with five previously uncharacterised heterogeneous dnas (h1-h5) were resolved. the heterogeneous dnas were characterised by their chromatographic properties on bnd-cellulose and their a ... | 1991 | 2041773 |
| mutagenesis of the ac3 open reading frame of african cassava mosaic virus dna a reduces dna b replication and ameliorates disease symptoms. | small insertions were made independently at each of four unique restriction sites on african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dna a to disrupt the three overlapping complementary-sense open reading frames (orfs) herein designated ac1, ac2 and ac3. the dna a mutants were assayed for their infectivity by agroinoculation of monomeric constructs to nicotiana benthamiana plants containing chromosomal insertions of acmv dna b. disruption of the ac3 orf alone resulted in a delay and amelioration of disease ... | 1991 | 2045787 |
| energy value of cassava for young swine. | a comparative slaughter experiment was conducted to determine the energy values of cassava chips for weanling pigs. a basal, highly fortified diet was fed to all pigs at 3% body weight daily. treatments consisted of the addition of cassava chips at 0, 1, and 2% of body weight daily. the apparent digestion coefficients (adc) for dry matter and energy increased but the adc for nitrogen decreased with the addition of cassava chips to the basal diet. digestible energy per gram decreased linearly and ... | 1991 | 2071498 |
| farmers' loss due to guinea worm disease: a pilot study. | guinea worm disease has been blamed for much disability and loss of productivity among farmers in africa and south asia. many studies have tried to equate days lost in illness to monetary values. these attempts often overlook the process of disability in relation to farming patterns. this pilot effort uses a qualitative case study approach to learn about how guinea worm can cause loss to farmers. twenty in-depth interviews with affected farmers showed that their losses are related to the time of ... | 1990 | 2139137 |
| enrichment of nutrient quality of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) with microbial proteins. | the effect of fermentation on the nutrient quality of cassava was investigated. chemical analysis revealed a general increase in ash, fibre and crude protein content of the fermented cassava mash, while the carbohydrate content showed a substantial decrease. the results of the chemical analysis indicated that fermentation resulted in a slight protein enrichment of the fermentated cassava mash. when active yeast cells were inoculated into the cassava mash before fermentation, the yeast cells grew ... | 1990 | 2174155 |
| the effects of host diet on plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. | a comparative study carried out on infected mice to investigate the effect of host diet on plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis showed that concentrations of blood protein, hemoglobin, and erythrocytes began to decrease in infected mice on day 2 after inoculation and reached the lowest levels on day 8. the greatest decrease was among mice fed on protein-rich mouse cubes, whereas the least decrease was among mice fed on cassava meal. inflammation of the spleens and livers of infected mice also was notic ... | 1990 | 2254825 |
| nucleotide sequence of the infectious cloned dna components of african cassava mosaic virus (nigerian strain). | | 1990 | 2308831 |
| urea metabolism in sheep given conventional feeds or nourished by intragastric infusion. | a comparison has been made of the kinetics of urea metabolism in sheep given conventional feeds or maintained wholly by intragastric infusions of volatile fatty acids, buffer, mineral and casein solutions. daily nitrogen supply was 13.2 g/day in 'fed' sheep and 6.0 g/day in 'infusion' sheep. on each feeding system measurements were made at the basal (maintenance) level of intake and when the basal level was supplemented with infusions of urea into the abomasum (125 mmol/day) or into the rumen (3 ... | 1990 | 2340163 |
| geminivirus coat protein gene replacement alters insect specificity. | chimeric clones have been constructed in which the coat protein encoded by dna a of the bipartite genome of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) has been replaced by that of beet curly top virus (bctv). constructs containing the coding region inserted in either orientation were infectious when co-inoculated with acmv dna b onto nicotiana benthamiana, producing symptoms typical of acmv infection. the onset of symptom production was delayed relative to plants inoculated with parenta ... | 1990 | 2353465 |
| defective viral dna ameliorates symptoms of geminivirus infection in transgenic plants. | nicotiana benthamiana was transformed with a single copy of a tandem repeat of subgenomic dna b isolated from plants infected with a kenyan isolate of the bipartite geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus. symptoms in transformed plants were less severe than in nontransformed controls when challenged with virus or cloned dna of kenyan or nigerian isolates. symptom amelioration was associated with the mobilization and amplification of the subgenomic dna, producing a comparable reduction in the a ... | 1990 | 2385593 |
| the mutagenicity of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) preparations. | different cassava products were found to contain mutagenic activities in the ames test. this paper describes how the flavonol quercetin is released during the cooking of fresh cassava leaves, following a process very similar to culinary habits. the hydrolysis of the glucoside(s) and the release of free quercetin has been followed by the monitoring of mutagenic activities with a simultaneous isolation and purification by thin-layer chromatography. the fluorodensitometric method applied revealed t ... | 1990 | 2407573 |
| comparative study of the surface charge of some isolates of trypanosomatids of the genus phytomonas. | the surface charge of different isolates of phytomonas from euphorbia hyssopifolia, euphorbia pinea, euphorbia characias and manihot esculenta was analysed by the binding of cationic particles (colloidal iron hydroxide at ph 1.8 and cationized ferritin at ph 7.2) to the protozoan surface and by determination of the cell electrophoretic mobility (epm). all the isolates had a net negative surface charge, and the isolate from e. hyssopifolia manifested the greatest negative charge. a good relations ... | 1989 | 2517559 |
| pattern of enzyme changes in rabbits administered linamarin or potassium cyanide. | diseases like tropical ataxic neuropathy and endemic goitre have been reported to have definite correlation with a chronic ingestion of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). the toxicity of cassava has been attributed to its two cyanogenic glycosides, linamarin and lotaustralin. in this study, an attempt has been made to understand the pattern of changes in certain clinically significant enzymes brought about by the chronic administration of sublethal doses of linamarin to rabbits. the profound el ... | 1989 | 2555300 |
| digestibility of native and modified starches: in vitro studies with human and rabbit pancreatic amylases and in vivo studies in rabbits. | the effects of cooking and chemical modification of purified starches on the relative rates and extent of their hydrolysis were studied in vitro by using purified human and rabbit pancreatic amylases. comparison was made with an in vivo study of postprandial glucose and insulin response in adult rabbits. uncooked starches showed negligible hydrolysis in vitro, whereas cooking (10 min, 100 degrees c) increased both the rate and extent of hydrolysis of all starches. soluble potato starch was the m ... | 1985 | 2578187 |
| aflatoxin levels in foodstuffs in fiji and tonga islands. | fungal growth is a major problem of food storage in humid environments, as occur in south pacific countries for parts of the year. major crops, including edible nuts, copra and root crops, are susceptible to aspergillus growth and therefore potential contamination with aflatoxin. liver cancer occurs in fiji and tonga, with the occurrence in fijians being significantly higher than in the indian population. thirty-three peanut samples from farmers were analysed for aflatoxin and 50% of the samples ... | 1989 | 2631094 |
| intermediary metabolic changes in rabbits administered linamarin or potassium cyanide. | since cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a staple food item of several million people in the tropics, its toxicity cannot be underestimated. therefore an attempt has been made to understand the metabolic changes caused by the chronic administration of sublethal doses linamarin, the principal cyanoglucoside of cassava, to rabbits. a significant rise in lactic acid and total cholesterol in liver and brain and a highly significant depletion of phospholipids of brain tissue was observed. there we ... | 1989 | 2632391 |
| [lipopigment in the adipose tissue of slaughtered swine]. | after feeding rests of slaughtered poultry together with whey, tapioca and residues of stark production to pigs 70% of the slaughtered pigs were refused by the meat inspection because of yellow fat and yellow hair. the occurrence of bile pigment, carotenoids and synthetic colours could be excluded while acid fast pigments were demonstrated in the fat tissue, liver and skeleton muscle. this could be confirmed by the peroxide number, acid number and the content of malondialdehyde and vitamin e. th ... | 1989 | 2653787 |
| insulin and glycemic responses in healthy humans to native starches processed in different ways: correlation with in vitro alpha-amylase hydrolysis. | the aim of the study was to elucidate how extracted starches submitted to food processing (or not) can influence plasma insulin and glucose responses in healthy subjects. native starches from wheat, manihot, smooth peas, or mung beans were tested either raw, as starch gels (boiled and cooled), or cooked and cooled after a preliminary industrial processing: extrusion cooking for wheat, tapioca for manihot, and noodles for mung beans. eighteen healthy subjects randomly assigned received three diff ... | 1989 | 2667315 |
| a pragmatic approach to improving small ruminant diets in the indonesian humid tropics. | research conducted since 1980 on the nutrition and feeding of kacang goats and javanese thintail sheep for meat production in indonesia is reviewed. feeding practices in three villages were monitored, along with animal production criteria, to better understand the limitations imposed by feed resource availability. village and experiment station data showed that native or cultivated tropical grasses fed alone did not support growth of young goats and that lambs fed napier grass alone grew at no m ... | 1989 | 2687217 |
| cassava root meal in diets for growing rabbits. | the effects of substituting imported cassava root meal for barley meal in rations for growing rabbits were examined. four diets were used. diet 1 contained 500 g/kg barley meal, the remainder of the diet consisted of soya bean meal, barley straw, vitamins and minerals. diets 2, 3 and 4 contained increasing amounts of cassava root meal in place of barley meal at 165, 335 and 500 g/kg respectively with l-lysine and dl methionine supplements. a growth trial was carried out using 48 individually cag ... | 1989 | 2711460 |
| risk factors for oral cancer in brazil: a case-control study. | a case-control study of risk factors for carcinomas of the tongue, gum, floor, and other specified parts of the mouth was conducted in 3 metropolitan areas in brazil: são paulo (southeast), curitiba (south), and goiânia (central-west). we analyzed information on demographics, occupational history, environmental exposures, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking habits, as well as diet, oral and other health characteristics obtained from interviews with 232 cases and 464 hospital non-cancer controls ... | 1989 | 2732011 |
| size reversion of african cassava mosaic virus coat protein gene deletion mutants during infection of nicotiana benthamiana. | mutants of african cassava mosaic virus containing extensive deletions across the coat protein gene that remove up to one-third of the genomic component have been constructed and shown to be infectious when mechanically inoculated onto nicotiana benthamiana by leaf abrasion. using n. tabacum protoplasts we demonstrate that mutant pclv.cp delta 11, containing a 712 bp deletion, is competent for replication in its deleted form. however, systemic spread of pclv. cp delta 11 and other deletion mutan ... | 1989 | 2732690 |
| indian cassava mosaic virus: ultrastructure of infected cells. | ultrastructural examination of leaf tissue of nicotiana benthamiana infected with indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) revealed abnormalities in phloem and, occasionally, xylem cells. nuclei contained granular inclusion bodies which seemed to be largely composed of virus-like particles and were shown by immunogold labelling (igl) to be rich in icmv coat protein. later in infection, hollow spheres made up of fibrillar material were produced. virus coat protein was not a necessary component of these ... | 1989 | 2794977 |
| infectious mutants of cassava latent virus generated in vivo from intact recombinant dna clones containing single copies of the genome. | intact recombinant dnas containing single copies of either component of the cassava latent virus genome can elicit infection when mechanically inoculated to host plants in the presence of the appropriate second component. characterisation of infectious mutant progeny viruses, by analysis of virus-specific supercoiled dna intermediates, indicates that most if not all of the cloning vector has been deleted, achieved at least in some cases by intermolecular recombination in vivo between dnas 1 and ... | 1986 | 2875435 |
| agricultural production in kikwawila village, southeastern tanzania. | food production, land utilisation and agricultural structures were surveyed at kikwawila village, north of ifakara (kilombero district, morogoro region) in 1984. this study was part of a more comprehensive, longitudinal programme to investigate the health status of a rural community, aiming in particular at the interrelations between nutrition, parasitic infections, immunity and the environment. out of 340 households, 100 were interviewed and their subsistence farming activities recorded. the so ... | 1987 | 2891272 |
| [the concept of tropical neuromyelopathy]. | since the beginning of this century, the concept of tropical neuromyelopathy (t. n. m.) was progressively elaborated in tropical areas. this disorder is constituted by three main clinical syndromes (e.g.: polyneuropathy, spastic paraplegia, ataxia). abnormal clinical, electrophysiological and pathological features, observed in all clinical forms argue in favor of a diffuse pathobiological process of the nervous system. the association with positive htlv-1 serology, has recently induced a great i ... | 1988 | 2901297 |
| interactive effects of live weight, basal diet and fat supply on essential fatty acid status and blood concentrations of glucose, insulin and thyroxine measured postprandially in pigs. | 1. the composition of the basal diet (purified vs complete feed ingredients provided as a cassava and a barley based diet, respectively), type of dietary fat [saturated fatty acids (18:0) supplied as fully hydrogenated soya bean oil vs unsaturated fatty acids (18:2) supplied in the form of soya bean oil] and the live wt of the animals (40 vs 80 kg) highly influenced the efa status of the body and postprandial blood concentrations of glucose, insulin and thyroxine. 2. interactive effects of live ... | 1988 | 2904342 |
| protein metabolism in growing pigs fed corn or cassava peel based diets containing graded protein levels. | sixty-four large white cross landrace weanling pigs were randomly allotted to eight treatments in a two by four factorial arrangement. the two dietary variables were cassava peel (0 and 40 per cent) and crude protein (20, 15, 10 and 5 per cent). total serum protein concentration was significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced by protein deficiency and by its interaction with cassava peel. the multiple coefficient of determination (r2) showed that protein intake was the primary factor determining ch ... | 1985 | 2989987 |
| [protein concentrate of the manioc leaf. extraction, chemical analyses and supplementation with amino acids]. | the purpose of this work was to prepare a manioc leaf protein concentrate introducing some new procedures on the known methods developed by other authors. chemical composition and biological quality (per, digestibility, npu and bv) of the protein content were measured for diets prepared with leaf protein concentrate and leaf. histological studies were carried out in some organs. the protein concentrate and the powdered leaves were supplemented with methionine and lysine, alone and combined. the ... | 1986 | 3115218 |
| supporting evidence for the use of cassava (manihot esculeta) products instead of wheat flour products in the diet of the diabetic. | | 1988 | 3218224 |
| the degradation of different protein supplements in the rumen of steers and the effects of these supplements on carbohydrate digestion. | 1. four steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given diets consisting of ground and pelleted alkali-treated straw, rolled barley and tapioca supplemented with urea (diet u) or containing single-cell protein (diet scp), maize-gluten meal (diet mgm) or rapeseed meal (diet rsm) in place of some of the tapioca. the isoenergetic diets were given in a 4 x 4 latin square design in eight feeds/d at 3-h intervals and provided sufficient metabolizable energy to support a growth rate of approx ... | 1988 | 3219330 |
| supporting evidence for the use of cassava [manihot esculeta] products instead of wheat flour products in the diet of the diabetic. | | 1988 | 3232368 |
| incorporation of grass silage, whole cereal grains, cassava and cottonseed meal into diets of rabbits kept in a simulated tropical environment. | the growth and feed conversion of rabbits fed either grass silage or whole grains and supplementary pelleted concentrate of cassava/cottonseed diets were investigated. poor quality grass silage (ph 4.9) was almost completely rejected by young rabbits initially fed either 17.8 g or 35.5 g dm/day of a supplementary concentrate. rabbits on the lower level of concentrate provision lost 0.35 g liveweight per day. rabbits initially weighing 1.77 kg fed complete pelleted diets containing 667 g/kg maize ... | 1988 | 3238769 |
| potential gene products of bean golden mosaic virus have higher sequence homologies to those of tomato golden mosaic virus than to those of cassava latent virus. | comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the dnas of bean golden mosaic virus (bgmv), tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) and cassava latent virus (clv) revealed a fairly close relationship between bgmv dna1, tgmv dna1, and clv dna1 and a comparatively distant relationship between bgmv dna2, tgmv dna2, and clv dna2. the 200-base region common to the two dnas of each virus had little sequence homology, except for a highly conserved 33-36 base sequence potentially capable of forming a stable hairpi ... | 1988 | 3238924 |
| [etiopathogenesis of chronic nutritional pancreatitis]. | the most current form of chronic pancreatitis, i.e. chronic calcifying pancreatitis, is often related to nutritional causes. this disease is characterized by formation within the pancreatic ducts and the lumina of accini of precipitates and calculi composed of calcium carbonate and of a newly discovered protein, the pancreatic stone protein (psp). the formation of precipitates depends on two mechanisms: (1) a non etiological disorder reducing the secretion of psp. this small phosphoglycoprotein ... | 1987 | 3303203 |
| delimitation of essential genes of cassava latent virus dna 2. | insertion and deletion mutagenesis of both extended open reading frames (orfs) of cassava latent virus dna 2 destroys infectivity. infectivity is restored by coinoculating constructs that contain single mutations within different orfs. although frequent intermolecular recombination produces dominant parental-type virus, mutants can be retained within the virus population indicating that they are competent for replication and suggesting that rescue can occur by complementation of trans acting gen ... | 1988 | 3387209 |
| health in the balance: the under-fives weighing program. | penimbangan balita (under-5s weighing program) was developed in the late 70's in indonesia to increase community participation in child survival and development. by 1985 6 million children in more than 50% of the 67,986 villages of indonesia participated in the program. balita was introduced in java, a village with a population of 4700, in 1978. 98 families participated -- most either share-farmed or did not own any farm land. land is a very precious commodity in java. cassava, maize, and r ... | 1988 | 3391669 |
| behavioral effects of chronic sublethal dietary cyanide in an animal model: implications for humans consuming cassava (manihot esculenta). | | 1988 | 3417281 |
| the biological quality of a cassava leave protein concentrate. | | 1986 | 3425108 |